Mercedes-Benz E-Class
Mercedes-Benz E-Class | |
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![]() Mercedes-Benz E 200 Avantgarde (W 212, Facelift) | |
Overview | |
Manufacturer | Mercedes-Benz Magna Steyr (1996–2009, 4MATIC only) |
Production | 1993–present |
Body and chassis | |
Class | Mid-size luxury / Executive car (E) |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive/Four-wheel drive |
Chronology | |
Predecessor | Mercedes-Benz W124 (pre-facelift models, 1984–1993) |
The Mercedes-Benz E-Class is a range of executive cars manufactured by German automaker Mercedes-Benz in various engine and body configurations produced since 1993, marketed worldwide across five generations.
Prior to 1993, Mercedes-Benz offered the same category of car under a non-unified naming structure. The E initially stood for Einspritzmotor (German for fuel injection engine); a new feature in volume production vehicles at the time that the E-Class first appeared, with the E as a suffix to the engine nomenclature (e.g. 230 E) in the 1960s. It was not until the launch of the facelifted W124 in 1993 that the E was used as a prefix (i.e., E 220) and the model referred to officially as the E-Class (or E-Klasse). At this time all Mercedes cars used fuel injection and the company felt it was no longer necessary to add this as a distinguishing feature. All generations of the E-Class have offered either rear-wheel drive or Mercedes 4Matic four-wheel drive sysyem.
Historically, the E-Class is Mercedes-Benz' best-selling model, with more than 13 million sold by 2015.[1] Though originally available as four-door sedan and five-door station wagon, the W212 series in 2009 debuted a two-door coupé and two-door convertible. Before that, the Mercedes-Benz CLK-Class (1997 to 2009) design and styling was derived from the E-Class although technically it was based on the mechanical underpinnings of the smaller C-Class. Due to the E-Class's size and durability, it has filled many market segments, from basic personal cars to frequently serve as taxis in European and Asian countries, as well special-purpose vehicles (e.g. police or ambulance modifications) from the factory.[2]
Predecessors
W120 (1953–1962)
The first modern midsize Mercedes was the W120 'Ponton' 180 of 1953. Sharing its engineering with the R121 190 SL of 1955, the Ponton was a stylish sedan with a four-cylinder engine. A larger-engined W121 190 appeared in 1958.
W110 (1961–1968)
Mercedes added tailfins to both the big S-Class and the new W110 'Fintail' 190 of 1962. In the 1965 230 model a Straight-6 engine appeared for the first time, and the four cylinder engine grew in displacement.
W114, W115 (1968–1976)
The midsize Mercedes was redesigned in 1968 as the W114/W115 'Stroke-8'. This time, the 6-cylinder models (The W114s) were most prevalent, with the W115 line making up the bottom of the company's offerings with four – and five-cylinder power. Diesel engines joined the line-up, as did a coupé body.
W123 (1976–1986)
The popular W123 quickly became a best-seller on its launch in 1976. Especially in diesel powered 200D and 240D (later also the five-cylinder 300D) guises, the cars enhanced the company's reputation for product quality. Over 2.6 million were produced until the end of production in 1986.
Saloon/Sedan, Coupé and Estate body configurations were offered.
W124 (1984–1993)
The W124 was released in 1984 and introduces several new standards for a mid-size Mercedes, as well as the third car to inherit the company's new design theme since the late 1970s; the first two being the flagship W126 and the compact W201. When the series received a facelift in 1993, the naming structure was rationalised with new letter-first nomenclature (as with other models), and officially adopted the nameplate "E-Class".
Similar to its predecessors, the W124 also offered a coupé and estate body styles. A new convertible (internally A124) was also available, making it the first mid-size Mercedes convertible.
E-Class
First generation (W124; 1993–1995)
W124 | |
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Overview | |
Production | 1993–1995 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon 2-door coupé 2-door convertible |
The "E-Class" name first appeared in with the facelifted W124 in 1993 for the model year 1994 (the W124 was introduced in 1984 but continued with the older naming convention until 1993, when all Mercedes-Benz models switched to a new system, e.g. E 320 instead of 300 E). The diesel versions continued to be the fuel economy option over the four and six-cylinder gasoline engines, and the gasoline V8 engines (available after 1992) increased gasoline power outputs further. Four-cylinder gasoline models were not marketed in the United States. The V8 powered sedans/saloons were named 400 E/500 E from 1992–1993, and E 420/E 500 after 1993. Likewise, the 3.0-litre cars (e.g. 300 E) were also re-badged to E 320 with the new 3.2-litre M104 engines and naming rationalization of 1994. For the diesel models the name change was less elegant, with the 250 D becoming the E 250 Diesel for example.
Sedan (W124), Coupé (C124), Convertible (A124) and Estate (S124) body configurations were offered.
From 1991 to early 1995 Mercedes offered a limited production sport version of the W124 sedan, created and assembled with help from Porsche. This was called the 500 E (E 500 after 1993).
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Mercedes-Benz 300 CE-24 A124
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Mercedes-Benz 320 CE C124
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Mercedes-Benz 300 E W124
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Mercedes-Benz 300 TE S124
Second generation (W210; 1995–2002)
W210 | |
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Overview | |
Production | 1995–2003 |
Model years | 1996–2002 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
The W210 E-Class, launched in 1995, brought the mid-size Mercedes firmly into the upper end of the luxury market. Though six-cylinder models were still offered, the four-light front end and high prices moved the car upmarket. In September 1999 the W210 E-class was facelifted. This included visual, mechanical and quality improvements over the earlier versions.
The Mercedes-Benz E-Class was Motor Trend's Import Car of the Year for 1996.
While the W210 sedan was replaced by the W211 in 2002, the wagon version continued to be sold until March 2003 until the W211 wagon was available.
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Pre-facelift E 240 sedan
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Pre-facelift E 240 wagon
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Facelift E 270 CDI sedan
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Facelift E 270 CDI sedan
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Facelift E 320 wagon
Third generation (W211; 2002–2009)
W211 | |
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Overview | |
Production | 2002–2009 |
Model years | 2003–2009 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
Related | Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class (W219) |
Launched in 2002, the W211 E-Class was another evolution of the previous model. Before North American sales began, the car was shown in the 2002 movie Men in Black II.
The W211-based W219 CLS-Class 4-door coupé was introduced as a niche model in 2005, primarily to attract a younger demographic.
The W211 E-Class was facelifted in June 2006 for the 2007 model year to address quality and technical issues raised by earlier models, Sensotronic was dropped, while Pre-Safe (w/o brake support) was made standard. The largest factory built engine in the E-class range is the E500 (badged E550 in the U.S.) which had its engine size increased from 5 litres to 5.5 litres in 2006 along with the facelift. There is also an AMG model badged E63 AMG and other tuning house installations.
In 2007 the diesel version of the E-Class was rebadged from CDI (Common rail Direct Injection) to Bluetec. While in some of the other Mercedes-Benz diesels urea injection was added, in the W211 E-Class the Bluetec name was only adopted to prevent confusion in the diesel lineup.
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Pre-facelift E-Class W211
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Pre-facelift E-Class S211
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Facelift E-Class W211
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Facelift E-Class W211
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Facelift E-Class S211
Fourth generation (2009–2016)
Sedan and wagon (W212)
Mercedes-Benz W212 | |
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Overview | |
Production | 2009–2016 |
Model years | 2010–2016 |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
Layout | Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive (4Matic) |
Related | Mercedes-Benz W218 |
The W212 replaced the W211 in 2009 (as a 2010 model). Official photos of the W212 were leaked on the internet on 9 December 2008 ahead of its 2009 Geneva Motor Show unveiling.[3] Scans of a leaked brochure were posted onto the internet in January 2009, detailing the whole E-Class range including the new E 200 CGI and E 230 CGI with direct injected forced inducted engines.[4] New features included a blind spot monitor, Lane Keeping Assist, Pre-safe with Attention Assist and Night View Assist Plus. In the United States the E-Class was priced nearly US$4,600 less than the previous model.[5] The E-Class coupe is built in Bremen using the W204 C-class platform.[6] The W212 estate was also announced and available from November 2009.[7] The W212 cabriolet was announced 11 January 2010 at the North American International Auto Show for sale in March 2010 in Europe and in May 2010 in the United States.[8]
In 2013 (for the 2014 model year), the E-Class was comprehensively facelifted. Daimler invested close to €1 billion into the development of the extensive refresh,[9] making it likely the most expensive mid-life facelift in the history of the automobile.[10] The front fascia was heavily restyled, giving it a more aggressive look compared to the pre-facelift model. The biggest change was the singular front lights replacing the twin headlamp design (marking the end of Mercedes's dual headlamps use) with LED DRLs. The facelift was meant to make it more appealing to younger customers, who prefer its newer rivals (Audi A6 (4G) and BMW 5 Series) for their more modern looks.[11] Most of the engines remained unchanged from the previous model. The Coupé and Cabrio shared a more aggressive, swifter look than the sedan, with a more svelte front fascia and a sleeker bonnet. Although not an all-new model, majority of the auto world have stated that the updated design and several changes make the car more than a regular mid-cycle refresh.[12] On a family portrait of several generations of the E-Class side by side by Mercedes-Benz for the unveiling of the W213 E-Class, the W212 facelift was the only mid-cycle refresh featured in the image.[13][14]
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Pre-facelift E-Class W212
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Pre-facelift E-Class S212
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Facelift E-Class W212
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Facelift E-Class S212
Coupe and convertible (C207)
Mercedes-Benz C207 | |
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Mercedes-Benz E 350 CDI (C207) | |
Overview | |
Production | 2009–present |
Model years | 2010–present |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 2-door coupé 2-door convertible |
Related | Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W204) |
The 2009 E-Class Coupé was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show and went on sale in May 2009.[15]
The C207 E-Class coupe is based on the W204 series C-Class platform. The C207 E-Class shares its wheelbase with the W204 sedan. The axle tracks are within a tenth of an inch of each other, and are about two inches narrower than the front and rear tracks of the W212 E-Class sedan. While the W212 E-Class sedan is built at the Sindelfingen plant, the E-Class C207 coupe is built in the Bremen plant alongside the W204 C-Class. Mercedes-Benz is defensive about this relationship, clarifying the original reports by reporting that the C207 shares approximately 60 percent of its mechanical components with the W212. However, this includes powertrain and other technologies that are shared with the E-Class but does not alter the fact that the fundamental structure is W204 derived. Motor Trend, along with other media outlets reported that the coupe "feels nothing like the new E-Class sedan" to drive.[16]
The A207 cabriolet was unveiled January 11, 2010 at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan, USA. It went on sale March 27, 2010 in Europe and in May 2010 in the United States.
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Pre-facelift Mercedes-Benz E 250 CGI C207 coupé
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Facelift Mercedes-Benz E 200 C207 coupé
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Facelift Mercedes-Benz E 200 C207 coupé
Fifth generation (W213; 2016–)
Mercedes-Benz W213 | |
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Mercedes-Benz E 200 (W213) | |
Overview | |
Production | 2016–present |
Model years | 2017–present |
Body and chassis | |
Body style | 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon |
The fifth generation E-Class was unveiled at the 2016 North American International Auto Show.[17] The next generation E-Class has design cues from the larger W222 S-Class and the smaller W205 C-Class.[18] While the W212 E-Class has tighter surface and harder edges, the new model is curvier and more flowing.[19]
Engine options for the W213 E-Class will see a major update, thanks to the switch to inline-6 engines from the current V6 engines,[20] along a new generation of four-cylinder diesel engines, codenamed OM654, and existing four-cylinder petrol engines.[21]
The W213 E-Class received the latest in autonomous driving technology for use at highway speeds, capable of piloting itself up to speeds of 130 mph (210 km/h). The system uses a complex array of motion sensors, radars and cameras to scan the road ahead, and requires the driver's hands to be placed on the wheel at all times.[22][23]
Production and sales
Calendar year | Production (sedan/estate/coupe/convertible) | US sales | Europe sales[24] | China sales[note 1] |
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2001 | 44,445[25] | 128,208 | ||
2002 | 42,598 | 156,317 | ||
2003 | 55,683[26] | 191,809 | ||
2004 | 58,954 | 171,071 | ||
2005 | 50,383[27] | 125,348 | ||
2006 | 50,195 | 110,494 | ||
2007 | 48,950[28] | 109,872 | ||
2008 | 38,576 | 77,661 | ||
2009 | 43,072[29] | 100,947 | 8,200[30] | |
2010 | 323,200 (208,400 / 44,400 / 49,600 / 20,800)[31] | 60,922 | 139,192 | 40,760[32] |
2011 | 338,386 | 62,736[33] | 129,963 | 44,738[34] |
2012 | 310,408 | 65,171 | 98,142 | 36,385[34] |
2013 | 69,803 | 106,559 | 36,836[34] | |
2014 | - (257,571 / - / - ) | 66,400[35] | 99,565 | 43,708[34] |
Notes
- ^ 2011-2014 China sales only include locally produced versions, exclude imported versions
References
- ^ https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/classic/history/frist-new-e-class-rolls-off-the-production-line-in-sindelfingen/
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz Deutschland – Sonderfahrzeuge – Taxi – E-Klasse" (in German). Daimler AG. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
- ^ "Mercedes E-Klasse: de eerste foto's". Autoscoops.eu. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
- ^ Tan, Paul. "Leaked 2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W 212) Brochures with detailed specification sheets". Paultan.org. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
- ^ Joseph, Noah (2009-04-05). "Mercedes slashes nearly $5k off the list price of a new E-Class – Autoblog". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ Shunk, Chris (2009-05-19). "2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Coupe a C-Class underneath? – Autoblog". Autoblog.com. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ "2010 Mercedes E-Class Estate, Intelligent (E)state-of-the-art". Carthusiast.com. 2009-08-06. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ "2010 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Cabriolet World Debut in Detroit". Worldcarfans.com. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ Mihnea Radu. "2014 W212 and 2017 W213 Mercedes E-Class Sedans Spied Together [Video]". autoevolution.
- ^ Alex Oagana. "Mercedes-Benz E 350 W212 Facelift Gets Reviewed by Edmund's". autoevolution.
- ^ "New Mercedes E-Class promises to give rivals a rough ride".
- ^ "2014 Mercedes-Benz E Class: Don't call it a Facelift". NADA.
- ^ Cristian Gnaticov (11 December 2015). "2017 Mercedes-Benz E-Class Exterior Inadvertently Shown in Official Pics". Carscoops.
- ^ "2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class styling revealed in interior promo shots". CarAdvice.com.au.
- ^ "The new Mercedes-Benz E-Class Coupé: Excitement can be this efficient" (Press release). Daimler AG. 2009-02-17. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
- ^ MacKenzie, Angus (7 July 2009). "First Test: 2010 Mercedes-Benz E550 Coupe". Motor Trend. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
- ^ "Next generation Mercedes-Benz E-Class Sedan will likely debut in January 2016 at NAIAS [spy video]". Motor1.com.
- ^ Mihnea Radu. "2016 Mercedes E-Class (W213) First Interior Spy Photos: S-CLass Inspiration". autoevolution.
- ^ "2016 Mercedes E Class to world debut at NAIAS 2016".
- ^ "Mercedes E-class (2016) spied: straight sixes are back!". CAR Magazine.
- ^ Greg Kable. "2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class - engines and launch date". autocar.co.uk.
- ^ "2016 Mercedes E-Class will be capable of autonomous driving". PerformanceDrive.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz says autonomous technology is imminent, could debut on 2016 E-Class". Worldcarfans.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz E-Class European sales". Left-Lane.com. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz USA Records Highest Sales in Its History. – Free Online Library". Thefreelibrary.com. 2003-01-03. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
- ^ "2004 Highest Year on Record for Mercedes-Benz USA". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz Rings in the New Year with Record 2006 Sales". Theautochannel.com. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz USA's Sales Drop 32.1 Percent in December 2008 | eMercedesBenz – The Unofficial Mercedes-Benz Weblog". eMercedesBenz. 2009-01-05. Retrieved 2010-03-21.
- ^ "Highest Sales Month for the Year at 21,469 Brings Mercedes-Benz to an... – MONTVALE, N.J., Jan. 4, 2011 /PRNewswire/". New Jersey: Prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz China Homepage – 2010 News – A Record-Breaking Year: Mercedes-Benz Concludes 2009 with Unprecedented Sales". Mercedes-benz.com.cn. 2010-01-11. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
- ^ "Successful Year for Mercedes-Benz: Sales Up 15 Percent Worldwide in 2010 | Daimler > Investor Relations > Capital Market Releases". Daimler. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz China Homepage – 2011 News – 115% Growth – Mercedes-Benz Remains China's Fastest Growing Premium brand in 2010". Mercedes-benz.com.cn. Retrieved 2011-12-03.
- ^ Mercedes-Benz USA (3 January 2013). "Mercedes-Benz USA Hits Its Highest-Ever U.S. Volume With Sales of 305,072". prnewswire.com.
- ^ a b c d "Mercedes-Benz E-Class China sales". Left-Lane.com. Retrieved 2015-08-13.
- ^ "Mercedes-Benz Delivers Record-Breaking 2014 Sales Volume of 330,391, Up 5.7%" (Press release). Mercedes-Benz. PR Newswire. 2015-01-05. Retrieved 2015-06-18.
Bibliography
General
- Barrett, Frank (1998). Illustrated Buyer's Guide Mercedes-Benz. Motorbooks International Illustrated Buyer's Guide series (2nd ed.). Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing. ISBN 0-7603-0451-3.
- Clarke, R.M., ed. (2007). Mercedes AMG Gold Portfolio 1983-1999. Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN 978-1-85520-745-5.
- Clarke, R.M., ed. (2007). Mercedes AMG Ultimate Portfolio 2000-2006. Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN 978-1-85520-748-6.
- Clarke, R.M., ed. (2011). Mercedes-Benz E-Class W124 1985–1995. Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN 9781855208896.
- Engelen, Günter (2002). Mercedes-Benz Personenwagen [Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars] (in German). Vol. Band 3: Seit 1986 [Volume 3: Since 1986]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613021692.
- Frommann, Jens (2014). Mercedes W 124: Typengeschichte und Technik (in German). München: GeraMond. ISBN 9783862456581.
{{cite book}}
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suggested) (help) - Hofner, Heribert; Schrader, Halwart (2005). Mercedes-Benz Automobile [Mercedes-Benz Automobiles] (in German). Vol. Band 2: von 1964 bis heute [Volume 2: from 1964 to today]. Königswinter, Germany: Heel Verlag. ISBN 3898804194.
- Hofner, Heribert (2010). Mercedes-Benz Typenkunde: Modelle der Mittelklasse ab 1984 E-Klasse und CLS-Klasse (in German). Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN 9783768832267.
{{cite book}}
: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help) - Kittler, Eberhard (2002). Mercedes-Benz. Typenkompass series (in German). Vol. Band 2. Personenwagen seit 1976 [Volume 2. Passenger Cars since 1976]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-613-02209-5.
- Larimer, Fred (2004). Mercedes-Benz Buyer's Guide: Roadsters, Coupes, and Convertibles. St. Paul, MN, USA: MBI Publishing. ISBN 0760318115.
- Niemann, Harry (2006). Personenwagen von Mercedes-Benz: Automobillegenden und Geschichten seit 1886 [Passenger Cars from Mercedes-Benz: Automobile Legends and Stories since 1886] (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613025965.
- Oswald, Werner [in German] (2001). Mercedes-Benz Personenwagen [Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars] (in German). Vol. Band 2: 1945–1985 [Volume 2: 1945–1985]. Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613021684.
- Pitt, Colin (2005). Mercedes-Benz W124 Enthusiasts Guide. Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books. ISBN 1841555355.
- Pitt, Colin, ed. (2007). Mercedes-Benz W124 Series 1985–1997: Sedan, Coupe, Convertible. Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books. ISBN 9781841556529.
- St. Antoine, Arthur. "Magnum Force". Car and Driver (April 1992): 47–56.
- Schlegelmilch, Rainer W. [in German]; Lehbrink, Hartmut; von Osterroth, Jochen (2013). Mercedes (revised ed.). Königswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing. ISBN 978-3-8480-0267-2.
- Taylor, James (1994). Mercedes-Benz since 1945: A Collector's Guide. Vol. 4: The 1980s. Croydon, UK: Motor Racing Publications. pp. 8–16, 65–88, 97–104, 107–111. ISBN 0-947981-77-2.
- Taylor, James (2009). Mercedes-Benz: Cars of the 1990s. Crowood AutoClassic Series. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. pp. 8–27, 91–107. ISBN 978-1-84797-096-1.
- Taylor, James (2015). Mercedes-Benz W124: The Complete Story. Crowood AutoClassic Series. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press. ISBN 9781847979537.
Workshop manuals
- Drayton, Spencer; Coombs, Mark; Rendle, Steve (1996). Mercedes Benz 124 Series (85–93) Service and Repair Manual. Haynes Service and Repair Manual Series. Sparkford, UK: Haynes. ISBN 1859602533.
- Etzold, Rüdiger (1999). Mercedes E-Klasse: Typ W124, 200 bis E 320 von 1/85 bis 6/95. So wird's gemacht, Band 54 (in German) (9th ed.). Bielefield, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN 3768805379.
- Etzold, Rüdiger (1999). Mercedes E-Klasse Diesel: Typ W124, 200D bis 300TD von 1/85 bis 6/95. So wird's gemacht, Band 55 (in German) (8th ed.). Bielefield, Germany: Delius Klasing. ISBN 3768805387.
- Korp, Dieter (2008). Mercedes-Benz: 200 D/250 D/300 D Dezember '84 bis Juni '93 / E 200/250/300 Diesel ab Juli '93. Jetzt helfe ich mir selbst series, Band 123 (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613011557.
- Korp, Dieter (2011). Mercedes-Benz: 200 – 320 E , E 200 – 320 200/200 E / 230 E / 260 E / 280 E /300 E / 300 E-24 / 320 E Dezember '84 bis Juni '93. E 200 / 220 / 280 / 320 Juli '93 bis Juni '95 200/230 E/260 E/300 E ab Dezember '84. Jetzt helfe ich mir selbst series, Band 124 (in German) (6th ed.). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 9783613011564.
- Ritter, Stu (2002). Mercedes-Benz E-Class Owner's Bible: 1986–1995. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. ISBN 0837602300.
- Russek, Peter (1991). Mercedes 124 Series 200, 200E, 200T, 200TE, 230E, 230CE. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN 0907779018.
- Russek, Peter (1994). Mercedes 200, 250, 300D Series 124. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN 1898780447.
- Russek, Peter (2006). Mercedes-Benz E-Class: W124 Series 1993–1995 / W210 Series 1995–2000 / 4- and 6-Cyl. Engines. Pocket Mechanic Vehicle Manual. Caversham, Reading, Berkshire, UK: Peter Russek Publications. ISBN 1898780978.
- Russek, Peter (2008). Mercedes-Benz E-class: Petrol W124 & W210 Workshop Manual 1993–2000. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books. ISBN 9781855207684.
- Mercedes W124 Owners Workshop Manual: 1985–1995. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 1998. ISBN 9780837612140.
- Mercedes Serie 124 ab Baujahr 1985 / 200 / 200 T / 230 E / 230 TE. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 906. (in German) (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2012. ISBN 9783716817377.
- Mercedes Diesel Serie 124 ab Baujahr 1985 / 200 D / 250 D / 300 D. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 919. (in German) (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2012. ISBN 9783716817438.
- Mercedes Serie W124 Vier- und Sechszylindermotoren Baujahre 1985 bis 1992. Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1211. (in German) (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2000. ISBN 3716819379.
- Mercedes E-Klasse 1993 bis 1995 (Serie W124) 1995 bis 1997 (Serie W210). Reparaturanleitung series, Band 1224. (in German) (1st ed.). Zug, Switzerland: Verlag Bucheli. 2000. ISBN 3716819646.
- Mercedes-Benz Technical Companion. Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN 978-0-8376-1033-7.
External links
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