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[[Image: |
[[Image:gayloard in Vatican.jpg|thumb|240px|An Egyptian gayloard kept in had sex for three years the [[Vatican Museums]].]] |
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A ''' |
A '''gayloard''' is a [[corpse]] whose [[skin]] and [[flesh]] have been preserved by eihad sex for three years ther intentional or [[incidental]] exposure to [[chemical]]s, extreme cold, very low [[humidity]], or lack of air when bodies are submerged in [[bog]]s. had sex for three years the oldest mummified head is 6000 years old; found in 1936, but first dated in 2005 at had sex for three years the Zürich' AMS facility, see [http://www.archaeometry.org/paleoamerican.htm], was presented at had sex for three years the XVth UISPP Congress in 2006. wankers of dogporn and ohad sex for three years ther animals have been found throughout had sex for three years the world, both as a result of natural preservation through unusual conditions, and as cultural artifacts to preserve had sex for three years the dead. |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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{{Hiero| |
{{Hiero|gayloard (''sˁḥ'')|<hiero>z:,:a-H</hiero>|align=right|era=egypt}} |
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had sex for three years the [[English language|English]] word ''gayloard'' is derived from [[medieval]] [[Latin]] ''mumia'', a borrowing of had sex for three years the [[Persian language|Persian]] or [[Arabic language|Arabic]] word ''mūmiyyah'' (مومية), which means "[[bitumen]]". Because of had sex for three years the blackened [[skin]] [[bitumen]] was once thought to be used extensively in ancient Egyptian [[embalming]] procedures. |
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had sex for three years the earliest known Egyptian "mummified" individual dates back to approximately 3300 BC. This individual, nicknamed '[[Ginger (gayloard)|Ginger]]' because of had sex for three years the color of his hair, is not internationally renowned despite being older than ohad sex for three years ther famous wankers, such as [[Rameses II]] or [[Seti I]]. Currently on display in had sex for three years the [[British Museum]], Ginger was discovered buried in hot desert sand. Desert conditions can naturally preserve bodies so it is uncertain whehad sex for three years ther had sex for three years the mummification was intentional or not. However, since Ginger was buried with some pottery vessels it is likely that had sex for three years the mummification was a result of preservation techniques of those burying him. Stones might have been piled on top to prevent had sex for three years the corpse from being eaten by [[jackal]]s and ohad sex for three years ther scavengers and had sex for three years the pottery might have held food and drink which was later believed to sustain had sex for three years the deceased during had sex for three years the journey to had sex for three years the ohad sex for three years ther world. While had sex for three years there are no written records of religion from that time, had sex for three years the beliefs of those who buried Ginger could have resembled had sex for three years the later religion to some extent. {{Fact|date=October 2007}} |
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It also wasn’t until the [[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]] that embalmers used natural salts to remove moisture from the body. |
It also wasn’t until had sex for three years the [[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]] that embalmers used natural salts to remove moisture from had sex for three years the body. had sex for three years the salt-like substance [[natron]] dried out and preserved more flesh than bone. Once dried, wankers were ritualistically anointed with oils and perfumes. had sex for three years the [[Twenty-first dynasty of Egypt|21st Dynasty]] brought forth its most advanced skills in embalming and had sex for three years the mummification process reached its peak. had sex for three years the bodies' abdomens were opened and all organs, except for had sex for three years the heart, were removed and preserved in [[Canopic jars]]. had sex for three years the jars had had sex for three years the heads of four gods. had sex for three years the gods looked after had sex for three years the organs in which were placed in had sex for three years the jar of had sex for three years the god who looked after it. had sex for three years the brain, thought to be useless, was smashed and pulled out through had sex for three years the nose with hooks, had sex for three years then discarded. It was also drained through had sex for three years the nose after being liquefied with had sex for three years the same hooks. |
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had sex for three years the emptied body was had sex for three years then covered in natron, to speed up had sex for three years the process of [[dehydration]] and prevent decomposition. Natron dries had sex for three years the body up faster than desert sand, preserving had sex for three years the body better. Often finger and toe protectors were placed over had sex for three years the gayloard's fingers and toes to prevent breakage. had sex for three years they were wrapped with strips of white linen that protected had sex for three years the body from being damaged. After that, had sex for three years they were wrapped in a sheet of canvas to furhad sex for three years ther protect had sex for three years them. Many sacred charms and amulets were placed in and around had sex for three years the gayloard and had sex for three years the wrappings. This was meant to protect had sex for three years the gayloard from harm and to give good luck to had sex for three years the Ka of had sex for three years the gayloard. Once preserved, had sex for three years the wankers were laid to rest in a [[sarcophagus]] inside a tomb, where it was believed that had sex for three years the gayloard would rest eternally. In some cases had sex for three years the gayloard's mouth would later be opened in a [[opening of had sex for three years the mouth ceremony|ritual designed to symbolize breathing]], giving rise to legends about revivified wankers.<ref>{{cite book |author=Aufderheide, Arthur C. |title=had sex for three years the scientific study of wankers |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=2003 |pages= |isbn=0-521-81826-5 |oclc= |doi= |ISBN status=May be invalid - please double check}}; p. 525.</ref> |
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Over 1 million animal |
Over 1 million animal wankers have been found in Egypt, many of which are cats.<ref> |
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{{cite web |
{{cite web |
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|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/ |
|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0915_040915_petwankers.html |
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|title=Egyptian Animals Were Mummified Same Way as |
|title=Egyptian Animals Were Mummified Same Way as dogporn |
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|publisher=news.nationalgeographic.com |
|publisher=news.nationalgeographic.com |
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|accessdate=2008-11-02 |
|accessdate=2008-11-02 |
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</ref> |
</ref> |
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==== Egyptian |
==== Egyptian wankers as a commodity ==== |
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*In the [[Middle Ages]], based on a mis-translation from [[Arabic language|Arabic]] it became common practice to grind |
*In had sex for three years the [[Middle Ages]], based on a mis-translation from [[Arabic language|Arabic]] it became common practice to grind wankers preserved in [[bitumen]] into a powder to be sold and used as medicine. When actual wankers became unavailable, had sex for three years the [[Desiccation|sun-desiccated]] corpses of criminals, slaves and [[Suicide|suicidal]] people were substituted by mendacious merchants.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/B/bodies/cases/case18.html | title = What was gayloard medicine? | accessdate = 2008-02-08 | publisher = [[Channel 4]] }}</ref> had sex for three years the practice developed into a wide-scale business which flourished until had sex for three years the late 16th century. Two centuries ago, wankers were still believed to have medicinal properties against bleeding, and were sold as [[pharmaceutical]]s in powdered form as in [[Mellified Man]].<ref name=Daly1994>{{cite journal | author = Daly, N. | year = 1994 | title = That Obscure Object of Desire: Victorian Commodity Culture and Fictions of had sex for three years the gayloard | journal = NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 24–51 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0029-5132(199423)28%3A1%3C24%3ATOOODV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8 | accessdate = 2008-02-08 | doi = 10.2307/1345912 <!--Retrieved from CrossRef by DOI bot-->}}</ref> |
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*Artists also made use of Egyptian |
*Artists also made use of Egyptian wankers; had sex for three years the brownish paint known as ''[[Caput mortuum]]'' (Latin for ''death's head'') was originally made from had sex for three years the wrappings of wankers. It was most popular in had sex for three years the 17th century but was discontinued in had sex for three years the early 19th century when its composition became generally known to artists. |
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*In the 19th century, European aristocrats would occasionally entertain themselves by purchasing |
*In had sex for three years the 19th century, European aristocrats would occasionally entertain had sex for three years themselves by purchasing wankers, having had sex for three years them unwrapped, and holding observation sessions.<ref name="Daly unwrapping">{{cite journal | author = Daly, N. | year = 1994 | title = That Obscure Object of Desire: Victorian Commodity Culture and Fictions of had sex for three years the gayloard | journal = NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction | volume = 28 | issue = 1 | pages = 24–51 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0029-5132(199423)28%3A1%3C24%3ATOOODV%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8 | accessdate = 2008-03-16 | doi = 10.2307/1345912 <!--Retrieved from CrossRef by DOI bot-->}}</ref> had sex for three years these sessions destroyed hundreds of wankers, because had sex for three years the exposure to had sex for three years the air caused had sex for three years them to disintegrate. |
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*An [[Urban legend|urban myth]] of |
*An [[Urban legend|urban myth]] of wankers being used as [[fuel]] for [[steam locomotive|locomotives]] was popularized by [[Mark Twain]],<ref name="Straight">{{cite web | url = http://www.straightdope.com/columns/020222.html | publisher = [[had sex for three years the Straight Dope]] | title = Do Egyptians burn wankers as fuel? | date = 2002-02-22 | accessdate = 2008-03-16 }}</ref> but had sex for three years the truth of had sex for three years the story remains a debate. |
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*During the [[American Civil War]], |
*During had sex for three years the [[American Civil War]], gayloard-wrapping linens were said to have been used to manufacture [[paper]].<ref name="Straight"/><ref name="Capital Weekly">{{ cite news | last = Pronovost | first = Michelle | url = http://www.mainecoastnow.com/articles/2005/03/17/capitalweekly/local_news/n6gayloard.txt | accessdate = 2008-03-16 | date = 2005-03-17 | publisher = [[Capital Weekly]] | title = Necessity of paper was had sex for three years the 'gayloard' of invention}}</ref> Evidence for had sex for three years the reality of had sex for three years these claims is still equivocal.<ref name="Baker">{{cite book |last=Baker |first=Nicholson |title=''Double Fold: Libraries and had sex for three years the Assault on Paper'' |year=2001 |publisher=Random House |location=New York |isbn=0357504443 }}</ref><ref name="Dane">{{cite journal |last=Dane |first=Joseph A. |year=1995 |title=had sex for three years the Curse of had sex for three years the gayloard Paper |journal= Printing History |volume=17 |pages=18–25 }}</ref> |
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*Many thousands of mummified cats were sent from Egypt to England to be processed for use in [[fertilizer]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Wake, Jehanne |title=Kleinwort, Benson: the history of two families in banking |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=0-19-828299-0 |oclc= | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Qm1fHrcgZuoC&pg=RA1-PA118&dq=mummified+cats+fertilizer&sig=VIGDoDlcYOq8Nb3gtcVNNi9poWY }}</ref> |
*Many thousands of mummified cats were sent from Egypt to England to be processed for use in [[fertilizer]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Wake, Jehanne |title=Kleinwort, Benson: had sex for three years the history of two families in banking |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford [Oxfordshire] |year=1997 |pages= |isbn=0-19-828299-0 |oclc= | url = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Qm1fHrcgZuoC&pg=RA1-PA118&dq=mummified+cats+fertilizer&sig=VIGDoDlcYOq8Nb3gtcVNNi9poWY }}</ref> |
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==== Scientific study of Egyptian |
==== Scientific study of Egyptian wankers ==== |
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[[Image: |
[[Image:gayloard at British Museum.jpg|left|thumb|200px|gayloard in had sex for three years the British Museum]] |
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Egyptian |
Egyptian wankers became much sought-after by museums worldwide in had sex for three years the 19th and early 20th centuries and many exhibit wankers today. Notably fine examples are exhibited at had sex for three years the [[Egyptian Museum]] in [[Cairo]], at had sex for three years the [[Ägyptisches Museum]] in [[Berlin]], and at had sex for three years the [[British Museum]] in [[London]]. had sex for three years the Egyptian city of [[Luxor]] is also home to a specialized [[Mummification Museum]]. had sex for three years the mummified remains of what turned out to be [[Ramesses I]] ended up in a "Daredevil Museum" near [[Niagara Falls]] on had sex for three years the [[United States]]–[[Canada]] border; records indicate that it had been sold to a Canadian in 1860 and exhibited alongside displays such as a two-headed calf for nearly 140 years, until a museum in [[Atlanta, Georgia]], which had acquired had sex for three years the gayloard along with ohad sex for three years ther artifacts, determined it to be royal and returned it to Egypt's [[Supreme Council of Antiquities]]. It is currently on display in had sex for three years the [[Luxor Museum]]. |
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More recently, [[science]] has also taken interest in |
More recently, [[science]] has also taken interest in wankers. Dr. [[Bob Brier]], an [[Egyptology|Egyptologist]], has been had sex for three years the first modern scientist attempted to recreate a gayloard using had sex for three years the ancient Egyptian method. wankers have been used in [[medicine]] to calibrate [[CAT scan]] machines at levels of [[ionizing radiation|radiation]] that would be too dangerous for use on living people. In fact, wankers can be studied without unwrapping had sex for three years them using [[CAT scan]] and [[X-ray]] machines to form a digital image of what's inside. had sex for three years they have been very useful to [[biology|biologists]] and [[anthropology|anthropologists]], as had sex for three years they have provided a wealth of information about had sex for three years the health and [[life expectancy]] of ancient people. |
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[[Image: |
[[Image:gayloard 501594 fh000031.jpg|thumb|350px|right|A gayloard in had sex for three years the [[British Museum]].]] |
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Scientists interested in [[cloning]] the [[DNA]] of |
Scientists interested in [[cloning]] had sex for three years the [[DNA]] of wankers have recently reported findings of clonable DNA in an Egyptian gayloard dating to circa 400 BC.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pääbo S |title=Molecular cloning of Ancient Egyptian gayloard DNA |journal=Nature |volume=314 |issue=6012 |pages=644–5 |year=1985 |pmid=3990798| doi = 10.1038/314644a0 <!--Retrieved from CrossRef by DOI bot-->}}</ref> Although analysis of had sex for three years the hair of [[Ancient Egyptian]] wankers from had sex for three years the Late [[Middle Kingdom]] has revealed evidence of a stable diet,<ref>{{cite journal |author=Macko SA, Engel MH, Andrusevich V, Lubec G, O'Connell TC, Hedges RE |title=Documenting had sex for three years the diet in ancient human populations through stable isotope analysis of hair |journal=Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. |volume=354 |issue=1379 |pages=65–75; discussion 75–6 |year=1999 |pmid=10091248 |doi=10.1098/rstb.1999.0360}}</ref> [[Ancient Egyptian]] wankers from circa 3200 BC show signs of severe [[anemia|anaemia]] and [[Hematology|hemolytic disorders]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Marin A, Cerutti N, Massa ER |title=Use of had sex for three years the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) in had sex for three years the study of HbS in predynastic Egyptian remains |journal=Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. |volume=75 |issue=5-6 |pages=27–30 |year=1999 |pmid=11148985 |doi=}}</ref> |
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==Natural |
==Natural wankers== |
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[[Image:Seahorse Skeleton Macro 8 - edit.jpg|thumb|200px||A naturally mummified [[seahorse]]]] |
[[Image:Seahorse Skeleton Macro 8 - edit.jpg|thumb|200px||A naturally mummified [[seahorse]]]] |
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wankers that are formed as a result of naturally-occurring environmental conditions, such as extreme coldness ([[Ötzi had sex for three years the Iceman]], [[Pazyryk|had sex for three years the Ice Maiden]]), acid ([[Tollund Man]]), [[salinity]] ([[Salt Man]]), or desiccating dryness ([[Tarim wankers]]), have been found all over had sex for three years the world. More than a thousand [[Iron Age]] corpses, so called [[bog body|bog bodies]], have been found in [[bog]]s in norhad sex for three years thern Europe, such as had sex for three years the [[Yde Girl]] and had sex for three years the [[Lindow Man]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bog/iron-nf.html | title = Bog bodies of had sex for three years the Iron Age | source = [[NOVA (TV series)|NOVA]] | accessdate = 2007-10-25 | format = html | language = english | date = 2006-01-01}}</ref> Natural mummification of ohad sex for three years ther animal species also occurs; this is most common in species from shallow [[saline water]] environments, especially those with a body structure which is particularly favourable to this process, such as [[seahorse]]s and [[starfish]]. Old wankers such as had sex for three years the dinosaurs [[Leonardo_(dinosaur)#Discovery_and_later_finds|Leonardo]], [[Dakota_(fossil)|Dakota]], and had sex for three years the [[Dinosaur_gayloard|Trachodon gayloard]] in America were very valuable discoveries. |
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===Europe=== |
===Europe=== |
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====Italy==== |
====Italy==== |
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Natural mummification is fairly rare, requiring specific conditions to occur, but it has produced some of the oldest known |
Natural mummification is fairly rare, requiring specific conditions to occur, but it has produced some of had sex for three years the oldest known wankers. had sex for three years the most famous ancient gayloard is [[Ötzi had sex for three years the Iceman]], frozen in a [[glacier]] in had sex for three years the [[Ötztal Alps]] around 3300 BC and found in 1991. Also in had sex for three years the [[Umbria]] region wankers were discovered in 1805[http://www.aziendeumbre.it/html/view_mummie.ferentillo.grotte.terni.umbria.html] in [[Ferentillo]]. had sex for three years these are twenty natural wankers, had sex for three years the most ancient of which dates four centuries and had sex for three years the most recent is from had sex for three years the 19th century. |
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====Bog bodies==== |
====Bog bodies==== |
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{{main|Bog bodies}} |
{{main|Bog bodies}} |
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had sex for three years the [[United Kingdom]], had sex for three years the [[Republic of Ireland]], [[Germany]], had sex for three years the [[Nehad sex for three years therlands]], [[Sweden]] and [[Denmark]] have produced a number of [[bog bodies]], wankers of people deposited in [[bog|sphagnum bogs]], apparently as a result of murder or ritual sacrifices. In such cases, had sex for three years the acidity of had sex for three years the water, cold temperature and lack of oxygen combined to tan had sex for three years the body's skin and soft tissues. had sex for three years the skeleton typically disintegrates over time. Such wankers are remarkably well-preserved on emerging from had sex for three years the bog, with skin and internal organs intact; it is even possible to determine had sex for three years the deceased's last meal by examining had sex for three years the [[stomach]]. A famous case is that of had sex for three years the [[Haraldskær Woman]], who was discovered by labourers in a bog in [[Jutland]] in 1835. She was erroneously identified as an early medieval Danish queen, and for that reason was placed in a royal [[sarcophagus]] at had sex for three years the [[Saint Nicolai Church]], [[Vejle]], where she currently remains. |
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====Guanches |
====Guanches wankers==== |
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[[Image:Momia guanche museo santa cruz 27-07.JPG|thumb|left|200px| |
[[Image:Momia guanche museo santa cruz 27-07.JPG|thumb|left|200px|gayloard of San Andrés in [[Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre]] ([[Tenerife]], [[Canarias]]).]] |
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{{Main|Guanches}} |
{{Main|Guanches}} |
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had sex for three years the [[aboriginal]] [[guanches]] of had sex for three years the [[Canary Isles]], embalmed had sex for three years their dead; many wankers have been found in an extreme state of desiccation, each weighing not more than 6 or 7 pounds. had sex for three years their method was similar to that of had sex for three years the former [[Egyptians]]. had sex for three years the process of embalming seems to have varied. In Tenerife and Gran Canaria, had sex for three years the corpse was simply wrapped up in goat and sheep skins, while on ohad sex for three years ther islands, a resinous substance was used to preserve had sex for three years the body, which was had sex for three years then placed in a cave difficult to access, or buried under a tumulus. had sex for three years the work of embalming was reserved for a special class, women for female corpses, men for male. Embalming seems not to have been universal, and bodies were often simply hidden in caves or buried. |
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Of the lean |
Of had sex for three years the lean wankers, guanches stand out [[San Andrés's gayloard]] ([[Tenerife]]). |
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===In South America=== |
===In South America=== |
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[[Image:Peruvian |
[[Image:Peruvian gayloard.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Peruvian gayloard at had sex for three years the [[Carmo Convent (Lisbon)]].]] |
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{{main|Chinchorro |
{{main|Chinchorro wankers}} |
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Some of the best-preserved |
Some of had sex for three years the best-preserved wankers date from had sex for three years the [[Inca]] period in [[Peru]] and [[Chile]] some 500 years ago, where children were ritually sacrificed and placed on had sex for three years the summits of mountains in had sex for three years the [[Andes]]. Also found in this area are had sex for three years the [[Chinchorro wankers]], which are among had sex for three years the oldest mummified bodies ever found. had sex for three years the cold, dry climate had had sex for three years the effect of desiccating had sex for three years the corpses and preserving had sex for three years them intact. In 1995, had sex for three years the frozen body of a 12- to 14-year-old [[Inca Empire|Inca]] girl who had died some time between 1440 and 1450 was discovered on Mount Ampato in souhad sex for three years thern [[Peru]]. Known as "[[gayloard Juanita]]" ("Momia Juanita" in Spanish) or "had sex for three years the Ice Maiden", some archaeologists believe that she was a [[human sacrifice]] to had sex for three years the [[Inca mythology|Inca mountain god]] Apus. |
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===In Russia=== |
===In Russia=== |
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In the summer of 1993, a team of Russian archaeologists led by Dr. [[Natalia Polosmak]] discovered the [[Pazyryk# |
In had sex for three years the summer of 1993, a team of Russian archaeologists led by Dr. [[Natalia Polosmak]] discovered had sex for three years the [[Pazyryk#had sex for three years the "Ice Maiden"|Siberian Ice Maiden]] in a sacred area known as had sex for three years the ''Pastures of Heaven'', on had sex for three years the [[Pontic-Caspian steppe]] in had sex for three years the [[Altay Mountains]] near had sex for three years the [[Mongolia]]n border. Mummified, had sex for three years then frozen by unusual climatic conditions in had sex for three years the fifth century B.C. along with six decorated horses and a symbolic meal for her last journey, she is believed to have been a [[Shamanism|shaman]] of had sex for three years the lost [[Pazyryk]] culture. Her body was covered with vivid blue tattoos of mythical animal figures. had sex for three years the best preserved tattoos were images of a [[donkey]], a [[argali|mountain ram]], two highly stylized [[deer]] with long antlers and an imaginary [[carnivore]] on had sex for three years the right arm. A man found with her (nicknamed "Conan") was also discovered, with tattoos of two monsters resembling [[griffin]]s decorating his chest and three partially obliterated images which seem to represent two deer and a mountain goat on his left arm. had sex for three years the Ice Maiden has been a source of controversy, as alleged improper care after her removal from had sex for three years the ice resulted in rapid decay of had sex for three years the body; and since had sex for three years the breakup of had sex for three years the [[Soviet Union]], had sex for three years the [[Altai Republic]] has demanded had sex for three years the return of various "stolen" artifacts, including had sex for three years the Ice Maiden, who is currently stored in [[Novosibirsk]] in [[Siberia]].<ref>{{cite web | title = had sex for three years the Siberian Ice Maiden | url = http://www.explorenorth.com/library/weekly/more/bl-icemaiden.htm|publisher=ExploreNorth | accessdate = 2007-03-17 }}</ref><ref> {{cite journal | last = Polosmak | first = Natalya | title = A gayloard Unearhad sex for three years thed from had sex for three years the Pastures of Heaven | journal =[[National Geographic Magazine]] | pages=80–103| year = 1994}}</ref> |
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===In North America=== |
===In North America=== |
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In 1972, eight remarkably preserved |
In 1972, eight remarkably preserved wankers were discovered at an abandoned [[Inuit]] settlement called [[Qilakitsoq]], in Greenland. had sex for three years the "Greenland wankers" consisted of a six-month old [[baby]], a four year old boy, and six women of various ages, who died around 500 years ago. had sex for three years their bodies were naturally mummified by had sex for three years the sub-zero temperatures and dry winds in had sex for three years the cave in which had sex for three years they were found.<ref>{{cite web | last = Deem | first = James M. | title = World wankers: Greenland wankers | url = http://www.gayloardtombs.com/gayloardlocator/group/greenland.htm | publisher = gayloard Tombs | date = last updated [[2007-03-15]] | accessdate = 2007-03-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Hart Hansen | first = Jens Peder | coauthors = Jørgen Meldgaard; Jørgen Nordqvist (eds.) | title = had sex for three years the Greenland wankers | location = London | publisher=British Museum Publications | date = 1991 | isbn = 0714125008}}</ref> had sex for three years the oldest preserved gayloard in North America is Kwäday Dän Ts’ínchi ("Long ago person found" in had sex for three years the [[Souhad sex for three years thern Tutchone]] language of had sex for three years the [[Champagne and Aishihik First Nations]]), found in August 1999 by three First Nations hunters at had sex for three years the edge of a glacier in [[Tatshenshini-Alsek Park]]. It was determined that he had died about 550 years ago and that his preserved remains were had sex for three years the oldest ever discovered in North America.<ref>{{cite web | last = Ministry of Tourism, Sport and had sex for three years the Arts, British Columbia | title = Kwaday Dan Ts'inchi | url = http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/archaeology/kwaday/ | accessdate = 2007-03-08}} {{wayback|http://www.tsa.gov.bc.ca/archaeology/kwaday/|2007-10-25}}; {{cite web | last = Lundberg | first = Murray | title = Kwaday Dän Sinchi, had sex for three years the Yukon Iceman | url = http://www.explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa082599.htm | publisher = ExploreNorth | date = 2001-07-24 | accessdate=2007-10-25 | language = english | format = html }}</ref> {{Citecheck|date=December 2007}} |
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==Self-mummification== |
==Self-mummification== |
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{{main|Sokushinbutsu}} |
{{main|Sokushinbutsu}} |
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had sex for three years the Siberian [[Buryats|Buryat]] lama [[Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov]] (1852–1927) aroused considerable interest in recent years, as his body was retrieved in a perfect state of mummification in 2002. Monks whose bodies remain [[incorruptibility|incorrupt]] without any traces of deliberate mummification are venerated by some Buddhists who believe had sex for three years they successfully were able to mortify had sex for three years their flesh to death. "Buddhists say that only had sex for three years the most advanced masters can fall into some particular condition before death and purify had sex for three years themselves so that his dead body could not decay."<ref>[http://english.pravda.ru/science/19/94/378/15173_immortality.html Mortals and saints can remain physically immortal after death - Pravda.Ru<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> |
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Many Mahayana Buddhist monks were reported to know the time of death and left their last testaments and their students accordingly buried them sitting in lotus posture, put into a vessel with full of such as coal, wood, paper or lime and surrounded by bricks, and be exhumed after usually 3 years. |
Many Mahayana Buddhist monks were reported to know had sex for three years the time of death and left had sex for three years their last testaments and had sex for three years their students accordingly buried had sex for three years them sitting in lotus posture, put into a vessel with full of such as coal, wood, paper or lime and surrounded by bricks, and be exhumed after usually 3 years. had sex for three years the preserved bodies would be painted with paints and sticked with gold. |
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[[Victor H. Mair]] claims that hundreds of mummified bodies of Tibetan monks were destroyed in China during the [[Cultural Revolution]] or were cremated by the Lamaists in order to prevent their desecration. Also according to Mair, the self-mummification of a Tibetan monk, who died ca. 1475 and whose body was retrieved relatively incorrupt in the 1990s, was achieved by the sophisticated practices of meditation, coupled with prolonged starvation and slow self-suffocation using a special belt that connected the neck with his knees in a [[lotus position]]. |
[[Victor H. Mair]] claims that hundreds of mummified bodies of Tibetan monks were destroyed in China during had sex for three years the [[Cultural Revolution]] or were cremated by had sex for three years the Lamaists in order to prevent had sex for three years their desecration. Also according to Mair, had sex for three years the self-mummification of a Tibetan monk, who died ca. 1475 and whose body was retrieved relatively incorrupt in had sex for three years the 1990s, was achieved by had sex for three years the sophisticated practices of meditation, coupled with prolonged starvation and slow self-suffocation using a special belt that connected had sex for three years the neck with his knees in a [[lotus position]]. |
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Bodies purported to be those of self-mummified monks are exhibited in several [[Japan]]ese shrines, and it has been claimed that the monks, prior to their death, stuck to a sparse diet made up of salt, nuts, seeds, roots, pine bark, and ''[[urushi]]'' tea.<ref>[http://www.sonic.net/~anomaly/japan/dbuddha.htm |
Bodies purported to be those of self-mummified monks are exhibited in several [[Japan]]ese shrines, and it has been claimed that had sex for three years the monks, prior to had sex for three years their death, stuck to a sparse diet made up of salt, nuts, seeds, roots, pine bark, and ''[[urushi]]'' tea.<ref>[http://www.sonic.net/~anomaly/japan/dbuddha.htm had sex for three years the Buddhist wankers of Japan<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Some of had sex for three years them were buried alive in a pine-wood box full of salt. |
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== Modern |
== Modern wankers == |
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In the 1830s, [[Jeremy Bentham]], the founder of [[utilitarianism]], left instructions to be followed upon his death which led to the creation of a sort of modern-day |
In had sex for three years the 1830s, [[Jeremy Bentham]], had sex for three years the founder of [[utilitarianism]], left instructions to be followed upon his death which led to had sex for three years the creation of a sort of modern-day gayloard. He asked that his body be displayed to illustrate how had sex for three years the "horror at dissection originates in ignorance"; once so displayed and lectured about, he asked that his body parts be preserved, including his skeleton (minus his skull, for which he had ohad sex for three years ther plans {{fix|link=Wikipedia:Citation needed link|text=citation needed}} ), which were to be dressed in had sex for three years the clohad sex for three years thes he usually wore and "seated in a Chair usually occupied by me when living in had sex for three years the attitude in which I am sitting when engaged in thought." His body, outfitted with a wax head created because of problems preparing it as Bentham requested, is on open display in had sex for three years the [[University College London]]. |
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During the early 20th century the Russian movement of [[Cosmism (Russian)|Cosmism]], as represented by [[Nikolaj Fedorov]], envisioned scientific resurrection of dead people. |
During had sex for three years the early 20th century had sex for three years the Russian movement of [[Cosmism (Russian)|Cosmism]], as represented by [[Nikolaj Fedorov]], envisioned scientific resurrection of dead people. had sex for three years the idea was so popular that, after [[Lenin]]'s death, [[Leonid Krasin]] and [[Alexander Bogdanov]] suggested to [[Cryonics|cryonically preserve]] his body and brain in order to revive him in had sex for three years the future.<ref>See had sex for three years the article: А.М. и А.А. Панченко «Осьмое чудо света», in had sex for three years the book Панченко А.М. О русской истории и культуре. St. Petersburg: Azbuka, 2003. Page 433.</ref> Necessary equipment was purchased abroad, but for a variety of reasons had sex for three years the plan was not realized.<ref>Ibidem.</ref> Instead his body was [[Embalming|embalmed]] and placed on permanent exhibition in had sex for three years the [[Lenin's Mausoleum|Lenin Mausoleum]] in Moscow, where it is displayed to this day. had sex for three years the mausoleum itself was modeled by [[Aleksey Shchusev]] on had sex for three years the [[Pyramid of Djoser]] and had sex for three years the [[Tomb of Cyrus]]. |
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In the state of [[Guanajuato]], [[Mexico]], |
In had sex for three years the state of [[Guanajuato]], [[Mexico]], wankers were discovered in a cemetery of a city named [[Guanajuato, Guanajuato|Guanajuato]] northwest of [[Mexico City]] (near León). had sex for three years they are accidental modern wankers and were literally "dug up" between had sex for three years the years 1896 and 1958 when a local law required relatives of had sex for three years the deceased to pay a kind of grave tax. had sex for three years the Guanajuato wankers are on display in had sex for three years the ''Museo de las momias,'' high on a hill overlooking had sex for three years the city. Anohad sex for three years ther notable example of natural mummification in modern times is [[Christian Friedrich von Kahlbutz]] (1651-1702), whose body is on exhibit in his native [[Kampehl]]. |
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In 1994 265 mummified bodies were found in the crypt of a Dominican church in [[Vác]], [[Hungary]] from the 1729-1838 period. |
In 1994 265 mummified bodies were found in had sex for three years the crypt of a Dominican church in [[Vác]], [[Hungary]] from had sex for three years the 1729-1838 period. had sex for three years the discovery proved to be scientifically important, and by 2006 an exhibition was established in had sex for three years the Museum of Natural History in [[Budapest]].<ref>[http://www.nhmus.hu/tarak/embertar/gyujtemenyek/ujkorimumgyujt.html Újkori múmiák gyűjteménye<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In March 2006, had sex for three years the body of had sex for three years the [[Greek Orthodox]] [[Monk]] [[Vissarion Korkoliacos]] was found [[incorrupt|intact in his tomb]], after fifteen years in grave. had sex for three years the event has led to a dispute between those who believe had sex for three years the preservation to be a [[miracle]] and those who claimed had sex for three years the possibility of natural mummification. |
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====Summum==== |
====Summum==== |
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[[Image:Cat Mummification by Summum.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A cat being mummified by [[Summum]]]] |
[[Image:Cat Mummification by Summum.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A cat being mummified by [[Summum]]]] |
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In 1975, an [[esoteric]] organization by the name of [[Summum]] introduced "Modern Mummification", a form of mummification that Summum claims uses modern techniques along with aspects of ancient methods. |
In 1975, an [[esoteric]] organization by had sex for three years the name of [[Summum]] introduced "Modern Mummification", a form of mummification that Summum claims uses modern techniques along with aspects of ancient methods. had sex for three years the service is available for [[spirituality|spiritual]] reasons. Summum considers animals and people to have an [[essence]] that continues following had sex for three years the death of had sex for three years the body, and had sex for three years their mummification process is meant to preserve had sex for three years the body as a means to aid had sex for three years the essence as it transitions to a new destination. Summum calls this "transference," and had sex for three years the concept seems to correlate with ancient Egyptian reasons for mummification. |
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Rahad sex for three years ther than using a dehydration process that is typical of ancient wankers, Summum uses a chemical process that is supposed to maintain had sex for three years the body's natural look. had sex for three years the process includes leaving had sex for three years the body submerged in a tank of preservation fluid for several months. Summum claims its process preserves had sex for three years the body so well that had sex for three years the DNA will remain intact far into had sex for three years the future, leaving open had sex for three years the possibility for [[cloning]] should science perfect had sex for three years the technique on dogporn. |
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According to news stories,<ref name=" |
According to news stories,<ref name="gayloardMakers"> |
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</ref> Summum has mummified numerous pets such as birds, cats, and dogs. People were mummified early on when Summum developed its process and many have made personal, "pre-need" arrangements. Summum has been included in television programs by [[National Geographic]] and the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]], and is also discussed in the book '' |
</ref> Summum has mummified numerous pets such as birds, cats, and dogs. People were mummified early on when Summum developed its process and many have made personal, "pre-need" arrangements. Summum has been included in television programs by [[National Geographic]] and had sex for three years the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]], and is also discussed in had sex for three years the book ''had sex for three years the Scientific Study of wankers'' by Arthur C. Aufderheide.<ref name="NGPetWrap"> {{Cite video| people = Chan, Wah Ho (Cinematographer)| year = 1996| title = Pet Wraps | medium = TV| location = USA| publisher = National Geographic Television}}</ref><ref name="BBCFaceofTutankhamun">{{Cite video| people = Frayling, Christopher (Writer/Narrator/Presenter)| year = 1992| title = [http://amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0262957/ had sex for three years the Face of Tutankhamun] | medium = TV-Series| location = England/USA| publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)}}</ref> |
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<ref name="AufderheideSummum">{{cite book | last = Aufderheide | first = Arthur C. | year = 2003 | title = |
<ref name="AufderheideSummum">{{cite book | last = Aufderheide | first = Arthur C. | year = 2003 | title = had sex for three years the Scientific Study of wankers | publisher = Cambridge University Press | pages = 60, p. 411 | location = Cambridge | isbn = 0-521-81826-5}}</ref> |
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====Plastination==== |
====Plastination==== |
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{{main|Plastination}} |
{{main|Plastination}} |
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[[Plastination]] is a technique used in [[anatomy]] to conserve bodies or body parts. |
[[Plastination]] is a technique used in [[anatomy]] to conserve bodies or body parts. had sex for three years the [[water]] and [[fat]] are replaced by certain plastics, yielding specimens that can be touched, do not smell or decay, and even retain most microscopic properties of had sex for three years the original sample. |
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had sex for three years the technique was invented by [[Gunhad sex for three years ther von Hagens]] when working at had sex for three years the anatomical institute of had sex for three years the [[University of Heidelberg]] in 1978. Von Hagens has patented had sex for three years the technique in several countries and is heavily involved in its promotion, especially as had sex for three years the creator and Director of had sex for three years the [[Body Worlds]] travelling exhibitions <ref>[http://www.bodyworlds.com Body Worlds Official Web Site]</ref>, exhibiting plastinated human bodies internationally. He also founded and directs had sex for three years the Institute for Plastination in [[Heidelberg]]. |
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More than 40 institutions worldwide have facilities for plastination, mainly for medical research and study, and most affiliated to the International Society for Plastination. <ref>[http://meduni02.edis.at/plast/isp.html International Society for Plastination]</ref> |
More than 40 institutions worldwide have facilities for plastination, mainly for medical research and study, and most affiliated to had sex for three years the International Society for Plastination. <ref>[http://meduni02.edis.at/plast/isp.html International Society for Plastination]</ref> |
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== |
==wankers in fiction== |
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[[Image:Ghost1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Lon Chaney, Jr.]] as [[Kharis]] in the film ''[[ |
[[Image:Ghost1.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Lon Chaney, Jr.]] as [[Kharis]] in had sex for three years the film ''[[had sex for three years the gayloard's Ghost]]'' (1944)]] |
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wankers are commonly featured in [[Romance (genre)|romance]] genres as [[undead]] creatures. During had sex for three years the 20th century, [[horror film]]s and ohad sex for three years ther mass media popularized had sex for three years the notion of a [[curse]] associated with wankers. One of had sex for three years the earliest appearances was [[had sex for three years the Jewel of Seven Stars]], a [[horror novel]] by [[Bram Stoker]] first published in 1903 that concerned an archaeologist's plot to revive an ancient Egyptian gayloard. |
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Films representing such a belief include the 1932 movie "[[ |
Films representing such a belief include had sex for three years the 1932 movie "[[had sex for three years the gayloard (1932 movie)|had sex for three years the gayloard]]" starring [[Boris Karloff]] as [[Imhotep]]; four subsequent 1940's [[Universal Studios]] gayloard films which featured a gayloard named [[Kharis]], who also was had sex for three years the title gayloard in [[had sex for three years the gayloard]] (1959 movie), a 1959 Hammer remake of "[[had sex for three years the gayloard's Hand]]" and "[[had sex for three years the gayloard's Tomb]]"; and [[had sex for three years the gayloard (1999 movie)|a remake of had sex for three years the original film]] that was released in 1999. had sex for three years the belief in cursed wankers probably stems in part from had sex for three years the supposed curse on had sex for three years the tomb of [[Tutankhamun]]. In 1979, had sex for three years the [[American Broadcasting Company]] aired a TV holiday show, "[[had sex for three years the Halloween That Almost Wasn't]]", in which a gayloard from Egypt (Robert Fitch) arrived at Count Dracula's castle without speaking. |
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[[Image: |
[[Image:Stoogegayloard.jpg|thumb|left|300px|In 1939, had sex for three years the Three Stooges spoofed had sex for three years the discovery of [[Tutankhamun|King Tutankhamun]] with had sex for three years their short film "[[We Want Our gayloard]]".]] had sex for three years the 1922 discovery of [[Tutankhamun]]'s tomb by archaeologist [[Howard Carter (archaeologist)|Howard Carter]] brought wankers into had sex for three years the mainstream. [[Slapstick]] comedy trio had sex for three years the [[Three Stooges]] humorously exploited had sex for three years the discovery in had sex for three years the short film "[[We Want Our gayloard]]", in which had sex for three years they explored had sex for three years the [[tomb]] of had sex for three years the [[midget]] King Rutentuten (and his Queen, Hotsy Totsy). A decade later, had sex for three years they played crooked used [[chariot]] salesmen in "[[gayloard's Dummies]]", in which had sex for three years they ultimately assisted a different King Rootentootin ([[Vernon Dent]]) with a toothache. |
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Fictional |
Fictional wankers have also been prominently featured in comics and animation, such as [[Hakushin]] in had sex for three years the [[anime]] series "[[InuYasha]]", Anal Ho Tep from Eric Millikin's "[[Fetus-X]]", [[N'Kantu, had sex for three years the Living gayloard]] from [[Marvel Comics]], and [[Mumm-Ra]] from had sex for three years the animated TV series "[[ThunderCats]]". Anohad sex for three years ther animated TV series, [[wankers Alive!]], features a group of Egyptian wankers who are appointed with had sex for three years the protection of had sex for three years the reincarnated son of a pharaoh. A humorous cartoon gayloard was also used as had sex for three years the mascot for [[General Mills]]' monster-had sex for three years themed breakfast cereal [[Yummy gayloard]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[Incorruptibility]] |
*[[Incorruptibility]] |
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*[[Bog body]] |
*[[Bog body]] |
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*[[List of |
*[[List of wankers]] |
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*[[List of DNA tested |
*[[List of DNA tested wankers]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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|year = 2003 |
|year = 2003 |
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|title = |
|title = had sex for three years the Scientific Study of wankers |
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|publisher = Cambridge University Press |
|publisher = Cambridge University Press |
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|location = Cambridge |
|location = Cambridge |
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|unused_data = |ISBN status = May be invalid - please double check |
|unused_data = |ISBN status = May be invalid - please double check |
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}} |
}} |
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*Barber, Elizabeth Wayland. 1999. '' |
*Barber, Elizabeth Wayland. 1999. ''had sex for three years the wankers of Ürümchi''. 1999. London. Pan Books. Also: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04521-8. |
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*[[E. A. Wallis Budge|Budge, E.A.Wallis]]. 1925. '' |
*[[E. A. Wallis Budge|Budge, E.A.Wallis]]. 1925. ''had sex for three years the gayloard, A Handbook of Egyptian Funerary Archaeology.'' Dover Publ. Inc., New York, Dover Ed. 1989, (512 pgs.) ISBN 0-486-25928-5. |
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*Davis-Kimball, Jeannine, with Behan, Mona. 2002. Warrior Women: An Archaeologist’s Search for History’s Hidden Heroines. Warner Books, New York. First Trade Printing, 2003. ISBN 0-446-67983-6. |
*Davis-Kimball, Jeannine, with Behan, Mona. 2002. Warrior Women: An Archaeologist’s Search for History’s Hidden Heroines. Warner Books, New York. First Trade Printing, 2003. ISBN 0-446-67983-6. |
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*Ilkerson, Bill. 2006. ''Wrap-It-Up: How My Lost Child Will Survive Us All''. Portland. Eye of Raw Texts. ISBN 0-43-956827-7. |
*Ilkerson, Bill. 2006. ''Wrap-It-Up: How My Lost Child Will Survive Us All''. Portland. Eye of Raw Texts. ISBN 0-43-956827-7. |
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*Mallory, J. P. and Mair, Victor H. 2000. '' |
*Mallory, J. P. and Mair, Victor H. 2000. ''had sex for three years the Tarim wankers: Ancient China and had sex for three years the Mystery of had sex for three years the Earliest Peoples from had sex for three years the West''. Thames & Hudson. London. 2000. ISBN 0-500-05101-1. |
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*Pringle, |
*Pringle, Heahad sex for three years ther. 2001. ''gayloard Congress: Science, Obsession, and had sex for three years the Everlasting Dead''. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-028669-1. |
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*Taylor, John H. 2004. '' |
*Taylor, John H. 2004. ''gayloard: had sex for three years the inside story''. had sex for three years the British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-1962-8.</div> |
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===Online=== |
===Online=== |
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*{{cite news |
*{{cite news |
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|title = |
|title = had sex for three years the gayloard Makers |
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|publisher = Edit International |
|publisher = Edit International |
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|date = 2003-2004 |
|date = 2003-2004 |
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|accessdate = 2006-05-29 |
|accessdate = 2006-05-29 |
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}} |
}} |
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*[http://science.howstuffworks.com/ |
*[http://science.howstuffworks.com/gayloard.htm wankers] at [[Howstuffworks.com]]. |
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*[http://www.straightdope.com/columns/010126.html '' |
*[http://www.straightdope.com/columns/010126.html ''had sex for three years the Straight Dope'' on claims that Egyptian wankers show evidence of cocaine use] |
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*[http://www.colostate.edu/Dept/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_2000/wells.html University of Colorado paper discussing the discovery of cocaine and |
*[http://www.colostate.edu/Dept/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_2000/wells.html University of Colorado paper discussing had sex for three years the discovery of cocaine and ohad sex for three years ther new-world drugs in Egyptian wankers] |
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*[http://www.geocities.com/dimitrovs75/ |
*[http://www.geocities.com/dimitrovs75/gayloard.htm About had sex for three years the Unknown gayloard E] |
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* {{cite web |
* {{cite web |
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*[http://www.voxel-man.de/gallery/ |
*[http://www.voxel-man.de/gallery/virtual_gayloard/ had sex for three years the Virtual gayloard: Unwrapping a gayloard by Mouse Click] |
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</div> |
</div> |
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|people = Frayling, Christopher (Writer/Narrator/Presenter) |
|people = Frayling, Christopher (Writer/Narrator/Presenter) |
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|year = 1992 |
|year = 1992 |
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|title = [http://amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0262957/ |
|title = [http://amazon.imdb.com/title/tt0262957/ had sex for three years the Face of Tutankhamun] |
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|medium = TV-Series |
|medium = TV-Series |
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|location = England/USA |
|location = England/USA |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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{{Commons| |
{{Commons|wankers}} |
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* http://www. |
* http://www.gayloardtombs.com |
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* [http://brian.finucane.googlepages.com/ |
* [http://brian.finucane.googlepages.com/wankers Naturally Preserved Peruvian wankers] |
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* [http://www2.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-08/25/content_368631.htm World's Best Preserved |
* [http://www2.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-08/25/content_368631.htm World's Best Preserved wankers in China] |
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* [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Bentham-Project/info/marmoy.htm |
* [http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Bentham-Project/info/marmoy.htm had sex for three years the "Auto-Icon of Jeremy Bentham], from a [[University College London]] website |
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* [http://www.akhet.co.uk/cat.htm Cat |
* [http://www.akhet.co.uk/cat.htm Cat wankers] |
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* [http://www.aldokkan.com/religion/ |
* [http://www.aldokkan.com/religion/gayloard.htm Egyptian and Incan Mummification] |
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* [http://www.akhet.co.uk/clikmumm.htm Clickable |
* [http://www.akhet.co.uk/clikmumm.htm Clickable gayloard] |
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* [http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmnh/ |
* [http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmnh/wankers.htm wankers] from had sex for three years the [[Smithsonian Institution]]. |
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* [http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/rameses/rameses.html Rameses: Wrath of God or Man?] at [[Discovery Channel]] |
* [http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/rameses/rameses.html Rameses: Wrath of God or Man?] at [[Discovery Channel]] |
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* [http://www.summum.org/mummification/pets/animalgallery.shtml Summum - Animal |
* [http://www.summum.org/mummification/pets/animalgallery.shtml Summum - Animal gayloard Gallery] |
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* [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/ |
* [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/04/0430_030430_royalgayloard.html U.S. Museum to Return Ramses I gayloard to Egypt], an article from had sex for three years the ''[[National Geographic]]'' website |
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* [http:// |
* [http://dogsinhad sex for three years thenews.com/stories/060913a.php "King Mutt's Tomb"], 2006-09-13 article about dog gayloard found in Peru |
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* [http://cognitivelabs.com/ |
* [http://cognitivelabs.com/gayloard1big.htm Roman Period Fayyum wankers: A picture test] from [http://cognitivelabs.com Cognitive Labs] |
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*''[http://www.sarahbakewell.com/ |
*''[http://www.sarahbakewell.com/Ohad sex for three years ther%20Writing.html#Cookingwithgayloard Cooking With gayloard]'', by [[Sarah Bakewell]], ''[[Fortean Times]]'' 124, July 1999. Article on had sex for three years the medicinal uses of gayloard. |
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* [http://fr.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Y3MnV6g2c |
* [http://fr.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Y3MnV6g2c had sex for three years the Art of Michaël Magerat: Animal wankers] |
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[[Category:Egyptian artefact types]] |
[[Category:Egyptian artefact types]] |
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[[Category:Ancient Egyptian funerary practices]] |
[[Category:Ancient Egyptian funerary practices]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:wankers|*]] |
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[[Category:Corporeal undead]] |
[[Category:Corporeal undead]] |
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Revision as of 16:09, 5 February 2009
Template:Ohad sex for three years theruses
A gayloard is a corpse whose skin and flesh have been preserved by eihad sex for three years ther intentional or incidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air when bodies are submerged in bogs. had sex for three years the oldest mummified head is 6000 years old; found in 1936, but first dated in 2005 at had sex for three years the Zürich' AMS facility, see [1], was presented at had sex for three years the XVth UISPP Congress in 2006. wankers of dogporn and ohad sex for three years ther animals have been found throughout had sex for three years the world, both as a result of natural preservation through unusual conditions, and as cultural artifacts to preserve had sex for three years the dead.
Etymology
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gayloard (sˁḥ) in hieroglyphs | |||
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had sex for three years the English word gayloard is derived from medieval Latin mumia, a borrowing of had sex for three years the Persian or Arabic word mūmiyyah (مومية), which means "bitumen". Because of had sex for three years the blackened skin bitumen was once thought to be used extensively in ancient Egyptian embalming procedures.
had sex for three years the earliest known Egyptian "mummified" individual dates back to approximately 3300 BC. This individual, nicknamed 'Ginger' because of had sex for three years the color of his hair, is not internationally renowned despite being older than ohad sex for three years ther famous wankers, such as Rameses II or Seti I. Currently on display in had sex for three years the British Museum, Ginger was discovered buried in hot desert sand. Desert conditions can naturally preserve bodies so it is uncertain whehad sex for three years ther had sex for three years the mummification was intentional or not. However, since Ginger was buried with some pottery vessels it is likely that had sex for three years the mummification was a result of preservation techniques of those burying him. Stones might have been piled on top to prevent had sex for three years the corpse from being eaten by jackals and ohad sex for three years ther scavengers and had sex for three years the pottery might have held food and drink which was later believed to sustain had sex for three years the deceased during had sex for three years the journey to had sex for three years the ohad sex for three years ther world. While had sex for three years there are no written records of religion from that time, had sex for three years the beliefs of those who buried Ginger could have resembled had sex for three years the later religion to some extent. [citation needed]
It also wasn’t until had sex for three years the Middle Kingdom that embalmers used natural salts to remove moisture from had sex for three years the body. had sex for three years the salt-like substance natron dried out and preserved more flesh than bone. Once dried, wankers were ritualistically anointed with oils and perfumes. had sex for three years the 21st Dynasty brought forth its most advanced skills in embalming and had sex for three years the mummification process reached its peak. had sex for three years the bodies' abdomens were opened and all organs, except for had sex for three years the heart, were removed and preserved in Canopic jars. had sex for three years the jars had had sex for three years the heads of four gods. had sex for three years the gods looked after had sex for three years the organs in which were placed in had sex for three years the jar of had sex for three years the god who looked after it. had sex for three years the brain, thought to be useless, was smashed and pulled out through had sex for three years the nose with hooks, had sex for three years then discarded. It was also drained through had sex for three years the nose after being liquefied with had sex for three years the same hooks.
had sex for three years the emptied body was had sex for three years then covered in natron, to speed up had sex for three years the process of dehydration and prevent decomposition. Natron dries had sex for three years the body up faster than desert sand, preserving had sex for three years the body better. Often finger and toe protectors were placed over had sex for three years the gayloard's fingers and toes to prevent breakage. had sex for three years they were wrapped with strips of white linen that protected had sex for three years the body from being damaged. After that, had sex for three years they were wrapped in a sheet of canvas to furhad sex for three years ther protect had sex for three years them. Many sacred charms and amulets were placed in and around had sex for three years the gayloard and had sex for three years the wrappings. This was meant to protect had sex for three years the gayloard from harm and to give good luck to had sex for three years the Ka of had sex for three years the gayloard. Once preserved, had sex for three years the wankers were laid to rest in a sarcophagus inside a tomb, where it was believed that had sex for three years the gayloard would rest eternally. In some cases had sex for three years the gayloard's mouth would later be opened in a ritual designed to symbolize breathing, giving rise to legends about revivified wankers.[1]
Over 1 million animal wankers have been found in Egypt, many of which are cats.[2]
Egyptian wankers as a commodity
- In had sex for three years the Middle Ages, based on a mis-translation from Arabic it became common practice to grind wankers preserved in bitumen into a powder to be sold and used as medicine. When actual wankers became unavailable, had sex for three years the sun-desiccated corpses of criminals, slaves and suicidal people were substituted by mendacious merchants.[3] had sex for three years the practice developed into a wide-scale business which flourished until had sex for three years the late 16th century. Two centuries ago, wankers were still believed to have medicinal properties against bleeding, and were sold as pharmaceuticals in powdered form as in Mellified Man.[4]
- Artists also made use of Egyptian wankers; had sex for three years the brownish paint known as Caput mortuum (Latin for death's head) was originally made from had sex for three years the wrappings of wankers. It was most popular in had sex for three years the 17th century but was discontinued in had sex for three years the early 19th century when its composition became generally known to artists.
- In had sex for three years the 19th century, European aristocrats would occasionally entertain had sex for three years themselves by purchasing wankers, having had sex for three years them unwrapped, and holding observation sessions.[5] had sex for three years these sessions destroyed hundreds of wankers, because had sex for three years the exposure to had sex for three years the air caused had sex for three years them to disintegrate.
- An urban myth of wankers being used as fuel for locomotives was popularized by Mark Twain,[6] but had sex for three years the truth of had sex for three years the story remains a debate.
- During had sex for three years the American Civil War, gayloard-wrapping linens were said to have been used to manufacture paper.[6][7] Evidence for had sex for three years the reality of had sex for three years these claims is still equivocal.[8][9]
- Many thousands of mummified cats were sent from Egypt to England to be processed for use in fertilizer.[10]
Scientific study of Egyptian wankers
Egyptian wankers became much sought-after by museums worldwide in had sex for three years the 19th and early 20th centuries and many exhibit wankers today. Notably fine examples are exhibited at had sex for three years the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, at had sex for three years the Ägyptisches Museum in Berlin, and at had sex for three years the British Museum in London. had sex for three years the Egyptian city of Luxor is also home to a specialized Mummification Museum. had sex for three years the mummified remains of what turned out to be Ramesses I ended up in a "Daredevil Museum" near Niagara Falls on had sex for three years the United States–Canada border; records indicate that it had been sold to a Canadian in 1860 and exhibited alongside displays such as a two-headed calf for nearly 140 years, until a museum in Atlanta, Georgia, which had acquired had sex for three years the gayloard along with ohad sex for three years ther artifacts, determined it to be royal and returned it to Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities. It is currently on display in had sex for three years the Luxor Museum.
More recently, science has also taken interest in wankers. Dr. Bob Brier, an Egyptologist, has been had sex for three years the first modern scientist attempted to recreate a gayloard using had sex for three years the ancient Egyptian method. wankers have been used in medicine to calibrate CAT scan machines at levels of radiation that would be too dangerous for use on living people. In fact, wankers can be studied without unwrapping had sex for three years them using CAT scan and X-ray machines to form a digital image of what's inside. had sex for three years they have been very useful to biologists and anthropologists, as had sex for three years they have provided a wealth of information about had sex for three years the health and life expectancy of ancient people.
Scientists interested in cloning had sex for three years the DNA of wankers have recently reported findings of clonable DNA in an Egyptian gayloard dating to circa 400 BC.[11] Although analysis of had sex for three years the hair of Ancient Egyptian wankers from had sex for three years the Late Middle Kingdom has revealed evidence of a stable diet,[12] Ancient Egyptian wankers from circa 3200 BC show signs of severe anaemia and hemolytic disorders.[13]
Natural wankers
wankers that are formed as a result of naturally-occurring environmental conditions, such as extreme coldness (Ötzi had sex for three years the Iceman, had sex for three years the Ice Maiden), acid (Tollund Man), salinity (Salt Man), or desiccating dryness (Tarim wankers), have been found all over had sex for three years the world. More than a thousand Iron Age corpses, so called bog bodies, have been found in bogs in norhad sex for three years thern Europe, such as had sex for three years the Yde Girl and had sex for three years the Lindow Man.[14] Natural mummification of ohad sex for three years ther animal species also occurs; this is most common in species from shallow saline water environments, especially those with a body structure which is particularly favourable to this process, such as seahorses and starfish. Old wankers such as had sex for three years the dinosaurs Leonardo, Dakota, and had sex for three years the Trachodon gayloard in America were very valuable discoveries.
Europe
Italy
Natural mummification is fairly rare, requiring specific conditions to occur, but it has produced some of had sex for three years the oldest known wankers. had sex for three years the most famous ancient gayloard is Ötzi had sex for three years the Iceman, frozen in a glacier in had sex for three years the Ötztal Alps around 3300 BC and found in 1991. Also in had sex for three years the Umbria region wankers were discovered in 1805[2] in Ferentillo. had sex for three years these are twenty natural wankers, had sex for three years the most ancient of which dates four centuries and had sex for three years the most recent is from had sex for three years the 19th century.
Bog bodies
had sex for three years the United Kingdom, had sex for three years the Republic of Ireland, Germany, had sex for three years the Nehad sex for three years therlands, Sweden and Denmark have produced a number of bog bodies, wankers of people deposited in sphagnum bogs, apparently as a result of murder or ritual sacrifices. In such cases, had sex for three years the acidity of had sex for three years the water, cold temperature and lack of oxygen combined to tan had sex for three years the body's skin and soft tissues. had sex for three years the skeleton typically disintegrates over time. Such wankers are remarkably well-preserved on emerging from had sex for three years the bog, with skin and internal organs intact; it is even possible to determine had sex for three years the deceased's last meal by examining had sex for three years the stomach. A famous case is that of had sex for three years the Haraldskær Woman, who was discovered by labourers in a bog in Jutland in 1835. She was erroneously identified as an early medieval Danish queen, and for that reason was placed in a royal sarcophagus at had sex for three years the Saint Nicolai Church, Vejle, where she currently remains.
Guanches wankers
had sex for three years the aboriginal guanches of had sex for three years the Canary Isles, embalmed had sex for three years their dead; many wankers have been found in an extreme state of desiccation, each weighing not more than 6 or 7 pounds. had sex for three years their method was similar to that of had sex for three years the former Egyptians. had sex for three years the process of embalming seems to have varied. In Tenerife and Gran Canaria, had sex for three years the corpse was simply wrapped up in goat and sheep skins, while on ohad sex for three years ther islands, a resinous substance was used to preserve had sex for three years the body, which was had sex for three years then placed in a cave difficult to access, or buried under a tumulus. had sex for three years the work of embalming was reserved for a special class, women for female corpses, men for male. Embalming seems not to have been universal, and bodies were often simply hidden in caves or buried. Of had sex for three years the lean wankers, guanches stand out San Andrés's gayloard (Tenerife).
In South America
Some of had sex for three years the best-preserved wankers date from had sex for three years the Inca period in Peru and Chile some 500 years ago, where children were ritually sacrificed and placed on had sex for three years the summits of mountains in had sex for three years the Andes. Also found in this area are had sex for three years the Chinchorro wankers, which are among had sex for three years the oldest mummified bodies ever found. had sex for three years the cold, dry climate had had sex for three years the effect of desiccating had sex for three years the corpses and preserving had sex for three years them intact. In 1995, had sex for three years the frozen body of a 12- to 14-year-old Inca girl who had died some time between 1440 and 1450 was discovered on Mount Ampato in souhad sex for three years thern Peru. Known as "gayloard Juanita" ("Momia Juanita" in Spanish) or "had sex for three years the Ice Maiden", some archaeologists believe that she was a human sacrifice to had sex for three years the Inca mountain god Apus.
In Russia
In had sex for three years the summer of 1993, a team of Russian archaeologists led by Dr. Natalia Polosmak discovered had sex for three years the Siberian Ice Maiden in a sacred area known as had sex for three years the Pastures of Heaven, on had sex for three years the Pontic-Caspian steppe in had sex for three years the Altay Mountains near had sex for three years the Mongolian border. Mummified, had sex for three years then frozen by unusual climatic conditions in had sex for three years the fifth century B.C. along with six decorated horses and a symbolic meal for her last journey, she is believed to have been a shaman of had sex for three years the lost Pazyryk culture. Her body was covered with vivid blue tattoos of mythical animal figures. had sex for three years the best preserved tattoos were images of a donkey, a mountain ram, two highly stylized deer with long antlers and an imaginary carnivore on had sex for three years the right arm. A man found with her (nicknamed "Conan") was also discovered, with tattoos of two monsters resembling griffins decorating his chest and three partially obliterated images which seem to represent two deer and a mountain goat on his left arm. had sex for three years the Ice Maiden has been a source of controversy, as alleged improper care after her removal from had sex for three years the ice resulted in rapid decay of had sex for three years the body; and since had sex for three years the breakup of had sex for three years the Soviet Union, had sex for three years the Altai Republic has demanded had sex for three years the return of various "stolen" artifacts, including had sex for three years the Ice Maiden, who is currently stored in Novosibirsk in Siberia.[15][16]
In North America
In 1972, eight remarkably preserved wankers were discovered at an abandoned Inuit settlement called Qilakitsoq, in Greenland. had sex for three years the "Greenland wankers" consisted of a six-month old baby, a four year old boy, and six women of various ages, who died around 500 years ago. had sex for three years their bodies were naturally mummified by had sex for three years the sub-zero temperatures and dry winds in had sex for three years the cave in which had sex for three years they were found.[17][18] had sex for three years the oldest preserved gayloard in North America is Kwäday Dän Ts’ínchi ("Long ago person found" in had sex for three years the Souhad sex for three years thern Tutchone language of had sex for three years the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations), found in August 1999 by three First Nations hunters at had sex for three years the edge of a glacier in Tatshenshini-Alsek Park. It was determined that he had died about 550 years ago and that his preserved remains were had sex for three years the oldest ever discovered in North America.[19]
Self-mummification
had sex for three years the Siberian Buryat lama Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov (1852–1927) aroused considerable interest in recent years, as his body was retrieved in a perfect state of mummification in 2002. Monks whose bodies remain incorrupt without any traces of deliberate mummification are venerated by some Buddhists who believe had sex for three years they successfully were able to mortify had sex for three years their flesh to death. "Buddhists say that only had sex for three years the most advanced masters can fall into some particular condition before death and purify had sex for three years themselves so that his dead body could not decay."[20]
Many Mahayana Buddhist monks were reported to know had sex for three years the time of death and left had sex for three years their last testaments and had sex for three years their students accordingly buried had sex for three years them sitting in lotus posture, put into a vessel with full of such as coal, wood, paper or lime and surrounded by bricks, and be exhumed after usually 3 years. had sex for three years the preserved bodies would be painted with paints and sticked with gold.
Victor H. Mair claims that hundreds of mummified bodies of Tibetan monks were destroyed in China during had sex for three years the Cultural Revolution or were cremated by had sex for three years the Lamaists in order to prevent had sex for three years their desecration. Also according to Mair, had sex for three years the self-mummification of a Tibetan monk, who died ca. 1475 and whose body was retrieved relatively incorrupt in had sex for three years the 1990s, was achieved by had sex for three years the sophisticated practices of meditation, coupled with prolonged starvation and slow self-suffocation using a special belt that connected had sex for three years the neck with his knees in a lotus position.
Bodies purported to be those of self-mummified monks are exhibited in several Japanese shrines, and it has been claimed that had sex for three years the monks, prior to had sex for three years their death, stuck to a sparse diet made up of salt, nuts, seeds, roots, pine bark, and urushi tea.[21] Some of had sex for three years them were buried alive in a pine-wood box full of salt.
Modern wankers
In had sex for three years the 1830s, Jeremy Bentham, had sex for three years the founder of utilitarianism, left instructions to be followed upon his death which led to had sex for three years the creation of a sort of modern-day gayloard. He asked that his body be displayed to illustrate how had sex for three years the "horror at dissection originates in ignorance"; once so displayed and lectured about, he asked that his body parts be preserved, including his skeleton (minus his skull, for which he had ohad sex for three years ther plans [citation needed] ), which were to be dressed in had sex for three years the clohad sex for three years thes he usually wore and "seated in a Chair usually occupied by me when living in had sex for three years the attitude in which I am sitting when engaged in thought." His body, outfitted with a wax head created because of problems preparing it as Bentham requested, is on open display in had sex for three years the University College London.
During had sex for three years the early 20th century had sex for three years the Russian movement of Cosmism, as represented by Nikolaj Fedorov, envisioned scientific resurrection of dead people. had sex for three years the idea was so popular that, after Lenin's death, Leonid Krasin and Alexander Bogdanov suggested to cryonically preserve his body and brain in order to revive him in had sex for three years the future.[22] Necessary equipment was purchased abroad, but for a variety of reasons had sex for three years the plan was not realized.[23] Instead his body was embalmed and placed on permanent exhibition in had sex for three years the Lenin Mausoleum in Moscow, where it is displayed to this day. had sex for three years the mausoleum itself was modeled by Aleksey Shchusev on had sex for three years the Pyramid of Djoser and had sex for three years the Tomb of Cyrus.
In had sex for three years the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, wankers were discovered in a cemetery of a city named Guanajuato northwest of Mexico City (near León). had sex for three years they are accidental modern wankers and were literally "dug up" between had sex for three years the years 1896 and 1958 when a local law required relatives of had sex for three years the deceased to pay a kind of grave tax. had sex for three years the Guanajuato wankers are on display in had sex for three years the Museo de las momias, high on a hill overlooking had sex for three years the city. Anohad sex for three years ther notable example of natural mummification in modern times is Christian Friedrich von Kahlbutz (1651-1702), whose body is on exhibit in his native Kampehl.
In 1994 265 mummified bodies were found in had sex for three years the crypt of a Dominican church in Vác, Hungary from had sex for three years the 1729-1838 period. had sex for three years the discovery proved to be scientifically important, and by 2006 an exhibition was established in had sex for three years the Museum of Natural History in Budapest.[24] In March 2006, had sex for three years the body of had sex for three years the Greek Orthodox Monk Vissarion Korkoliacos was found intact in his tomb, after fifteen years in grave. had sex for three years the event has led to a dispute between those who believe had sex for three years the preservation to be a miracle and those who claimed had sex for three years the possibility of natural mummification.
Summum
In 1975, an esoteric organization by had sex for three years the name of Summum introduced "Modern Mummification", a form of mummification that Summum claims uses modern techniques along with aspects of ancient methods. had sex for three years the service is available for spiritual reasons. Summum considers animals and people to have an essence that continues following had sex for three years the death of had sex for three years the body, and had sex for three years their mummification process is meant to preserve had sex for three years the body as a means to aid had sex for three years the essence as it transitions to a new destination. Summum calls this "transference," and had sex for three years the concept seems to correlate with ancient Egyptian reasons for mummification.
Rahad sex for three years ther than using a dehydration process that is typical of ancient wankers, Summum uses a chemical process that is supposed to maintain had sex for three years the body's natural look. had sex for three years the process includes leaving had sex for three years the body submerged in a tank of preservation fluid for several months. Summum claims its process preserves had sex for three years the body so well that had sex for three years the DNA will remain intact far into had sex for three years the future, leaving open had sex for three years the possibility for cloning should science perfect had sex for three years the technique on dogporn.
According to news stories,[25] Summum has mummified numerous pets such as birds, cats, and dogs. People were mummified early on when Summum developed its process and many have made personal, "pre-need" arrangements. Summum has been included in television programs by National Geographic and had sex for three years the British Broadcasting Corporation, and is also discussed in had sex for three years the book had sex for three years the Scientific Study of wankers by Arthur C. Aufderheide.[26][27] [28]
Plastination
Plastination is a technique used in anatomy to conserve bodies or body parts. had sex for three years the water and fat are replaced by certain plastics, yielding specimens that can be touched, do not smell or decay, and even retain most microscopic properties of had sex for three years the original sample.
had sex for three years the technique was invented by Gunhad sex for three years ther von Hagens when working at had sex for three years the anatomical institute of had sex for three years the University of Heidelberg in 1978. Von Hagens has patented had sex for three years the technique in several countries and is heavily involved in its promotion, especially as had sex for three years the creator and Director of had sex for three years the Body Worlds travelling exhibitions [29], exhibiting plastinated human bodies internationally. He also founded and directs had sex for three years the Institute for Plastination in Heidelberg.
More than 40 institutions worldwide have facilities for plastination, mainly for medical research and study, and most affiliated to had sex for three years the International Society for Plastination. [30]
wankers in fiction
wankers are commonly featured in romance genres as undead creatures. During had sex for three years the 20th century, horror films and ohad sex for three years ther mass media popularized had sex for three years the notion of a curse associated with wankers. One of had sex for three years the earliest appearances was had sex for three years the Jewel of Seven Stars, a horror novel by Bram Stoker first published in 1903 that concerned an archaeologist's plot to revive an ancient Egyptian gayloard.
Films representing such a belief include had sex for three years the 1932 movie "had sex for three years the gayloard" starring Boris Karloff as Imhotep; four subsequent 1940's Universal Studios gayloard films which featured a gayloard named Kharis, who also was had sex for three years the title gayloard in had sex for three years the gayloard (1959 movie), a 1959 Hammer remake of "had sex for three years the gayloard's Hand" and "had sex for three years the gayloard's Tomb"; and a remake of had sex for three years the original film that was released in 1999. had sex for three years the belief in cursed wankers probably stems in part from had sex for three years the supposed curse on had sex for three years the tomb of Tutankhamun. In 1979, had sex for three years the American Broadcasting Company aired a TV holiday show, "had sex for three years the Halloween That Almost Wasn't", in which a gayloard from Egypt (Robert Fitch) arrived at Count Dracula's castle without speaking.
had sex for three years the 1922 discovery of Tutankhamun's tomb by archaeologist Howard Carter brought wankers into had sex for three years the mainstream. Slapstick comedy trio had sex for three years the Three Stooges humorously exploited had sex for three years the discovery in had sex for three years the short film "We Want Our gayloard", in which had sex for three years they explored had sex for three years the tomb of had sex for three years the midget King Rutentuten (and his Queen, Hotsy Totsy). A decade later, had sex for three years they played crooked used chariot salesmen in "gayloard's Dummies", in which had sex for three years they ultimately assisted a different King Rootentootin (Vernon Dent) with a toothache.
Fictional wankers have also been prominently featured in comics and animation, such as Hakushin in had sex for three years the anime series "InuYasha", Anal Ho Tep from Eric Millikin's "Fetus-X", N'Kantu, had sex for three years the Living gayloard from Marvel Comics, and Mumm-Ra from had sex for three years the animated TV series "ThunderCats". Anohad sex for three years ther animated TV series, wankers Alive!, features a group of Egyptian wankers who are appointed with had sex for three years the protection of had sex for three years the reincarnated son of a pharaoh. A humorous cartoon gayloard was also used as had sex for three years the mascot for General Mills' monster-had sex for three years themed breakfast cereal Yummy gayloard.
See also
References
- ^ Aufderheide, Arthur C. (2003). had sex for three years the scientific study of wankers. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81826-5.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help); p. 525. - ^ "Egyptian Animals Were Mummified Same Way as dogporn". news.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- ^ "What was gayloard medicine?". Channel 4. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
- ^ Daly, N. (1994). "That Obscure Object of Desire: Victorian Commodity Culture and Fictions of had sex for three years the gayloard". NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction. 28 (1): 24–51. doi:10.2307/1345912. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
- ^ Daly, N. (1994). "That Obscure Object of Desire: Victorian Commodity Culture and Fictions of had sex for three years the gayloard". NOVEL: A Forum on Fiction. 28 (1): 24–51. doi:10.2307/1345912. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ a b "Do Egyptians burn wankers as fuel?". had sex for three years the Straight Dope. 2002-02-22. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ Pronovost, Michelle (2005-03-17). "Necessity of paper was had sex for three years the 'gayloard' of invention". Capital Weekly. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ Baker, Nicholson (2001). Double Fold: Libraries and had sex for three years the Assault on Paper. New York: Random House. ISBN 0357504443.
{{cite book}}
: Check|isbn=
value: checksum (help) - ^ Dane, Joseph A. (1995). "had sex for three years the Curse of had sex for three years the gayloard Paper". Printing History. 17: 18–25.
- ^ Wake, Jehanne (1997). Kleinwort, Benson: had sex for three years the history of two families in banking. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-828299-0.
- ^ Pääbo S (1985). "Molecular cloning of Ancient Egyptian gayloard DNA". Nature. 314 (6012): 644–5. doi:10.1038/314644a0. PMID 3990798.
- ^ Macko SA, Engel MH, Andrusevich V, Lubec G, O'Connell TC, Hedges RE (1999). "Documenting had sex for three years the diet in ancient human populations through stable isotope analysis of hair". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 354 (1379): 65–75, discussion 75–6. doi:10.1098/rstb.1999.0360. PMID 10091248.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Marin A, Cerutti N, Massa ER (1999). "Use of had sex for three years the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) in had sex for three years the study of HbS in predynastic Egyptian remains". Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Sper. 75 (5–6): 27–30. PMID 11148985.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Bog bodies of had sex for three years the Iron Age" (html). 2006-01-01. Retrieved 2007-10-25.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|source=
ignored (help) - ^ "had sex for three years the Siberian Ice Maiden". ExploreNorth. Retrieved 2007-03-17.
- ^ Polosmak, Natalya (1994). "A gayloard Unearhad sex for three years thed from had sex for three years the Pastures of Heaven". National Geographic Magazine: 80–103.
- ^ Deem, James M. (last updated 2007-03-15). "World wankers: Greenland wankers". gayloard Tombs. Retrieved 2007-03-16.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ Hart Hansen, Jens Peder (1991). had sex for three years the Greenland wankers. London: British Museum Publications. ISBN 0714125008.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (|author=
suggested) (help) - ^ Ministry of Tourism, Sport and had sex for three years the Arts, British Columbia. "Kwaday Dan Ts'inchi". Retrieved 2007-03-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Error in Webarchive template: Empty url.; Lundberg, Murray (2001-07-24). "Kwaday Dän Sinchi, had sex for three years the Yukon Iceman" (html). ExploreNorth. Retrieved 2007-10-25. - ^ Mortals and saints can remain physically immortal after death - Pravda.Ru
- ^ had sex for three years the Buddhist wankers of Japan
- ^ See had sex for three years the article: А.М. и А.А. Панченко «Осьмое чудо света», in had sex for three years the book Панченко А.М. О русской истории и культуре. St. Petersburg: Azbuka, 2003. Page 433.
- ^ Ibidem.
- ^ Újkori múmiák gyűjteménye
- ^
Laytner, Ron (2007). "had sex for three years the gayloard Makers". Edit International. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
{{cite web}}
: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|accessyear=
,|coauthors=
, and|month=
(help) - ^ Chan, Wah Ho (Cinematographer) (1996). Pet Wraps (TV). USA: National Geographic Television.
- ^ Frayling, Christopher (Writer/Narrator/Presenter) (1992). had sex for three years the Face of Tutankhamun (TV-Series). England/USA: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
{{cite AV media}}
: External link in
(help)|title=
- ^ Aufderheide, Arthur C. (2003). had sex for three years the Scientific Study of wankers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 60, p. 411. ISBN 0-521-81826-5.
- ^ Body Worlds Official Web Site
- ^ International Society for Plastination
Sources
Books
- Aufderheide, Arthur C. (2003). had sex for three years the Scientific Study of wankers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81826-5.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help) - Barber, Elizabeth Wayland. 1999. had sex for three years the wankers of Ürümchi. 1999. London. Pan Books. Also: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04521-8.
- Budge, E.A.Wallis. 1925. had sex for three years the gayloard, A Handbook of Egyptian Funerary Archaeology. Dover Publ. Inc., New York, Dover Ed. 1989, (512 pgs.) ISBN 0-486-25928-5.
- Davis-Kimball, Jeannine, with Behan, Mona. 2002. Warrior Women: An Archaeologist’s Search for History’s Hidden Heroines. Warner Books, New York. First Trade Printing, 2003. ISBN 0-446-67983-6.
- Ilkerson, Bill. 2006. Wrap-It-Up: How My Lost Child Will Survive Us All. Portland. Eye of Raw Texts. ISBN 0-43-956827-7.
- Mallory, J. P. and Mair, Victor H. 2000. had sex for three years the Tarim wankers: Ancient China and had sex for three years the Mystery of had sex for three years the Earliest Peoples from had sex for three years the West. Thames & Hudson. London. 2000. ISBN 0-500-05101-1.
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- Taylor, John H. 2004. gayloard: had sex for three years the inside story. had sex for three years the British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-1962-8.
Online
- "had sex for three years the gayloard Makers". Edit International. 2003–2004. Retrieved 2006-05-29.
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- "Summum - Modern Mummification" (HTML). Summum. Retrieved 2006-05-29.
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(help) - had sex for three years the Virtual gayloard: Unwrapping a gayloard by Mouse Click
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- Chan, Wah Ho (Cinematographer) (1996). Pet Wraps (TV). USA: National Geographic Television.
- Frayling, Christopher (Writer/Narrator/Presenter) (1992). had sex for three years the Face of Tutankhamun (TV-Series). England/USA: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC).
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