Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehlavi
Nasiruddin Mahmud | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1274 |
| Died | 1356 Delhi |
| Religion | Islam, specifically the Chisti Nizami order of Sufism |
| Other names | Chiragh Dehlavi |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | Delhi |
| Period in office | Early 14th century |
| Predecessor | Nizamuddin Auliya |
| Successor | Hazrat Khawaja Kamaluddin Allama Chishti, Banda Nawaz Gesu Daraz |
Nasiruddin Mahmud Chirag-e-Delhi[1] (ca 1274-1356) was a 14th-century mystic-poet and a Sufi saint of the Chishti Order. He was a murid (disciple) of noted Sufi saint, Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya,[2] and later his successor.[3][4] He was the last important Sufi of the Chishti Order from Delhi.[5]
He was given the title, "Roshan Chirag-e-Delhi", which in Urdu, means "Illuminated Lamp of Delhi".[6]
Biography
Nasiruddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi (or Chiragh-e-Delhi)[7] was born as Nasiruddin around 1274, at Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh.[8][9] His father, Syed Yahya, who traded in Pashmina, and his grandfather, Syed Abdul Latif, first migrated from Khorasan, northeastern Iran, to Lahore, and thereafter settled in Ayodhya, in Awadh. His father died when he was only nine years of age and he received his early education from Maulana Abdul Karim Sherwani, and later continued it with Maulana Iftikhar Uddin Gilani.[7]
At age forty, he left Ayodhya for Delhi, where he became the disciple of Khwaja Nizamuddin Auliya. It was here that he stayed for the rest of his life as his murid (disciple),[9] and after his death, became his successor. In time, he also became a known poet in Persian language.[10]
He died in 17 Ramzan 757 Hijri or 1356 AD,[11] at the age of 82, and is buried in a part of South Delhi, India which is known as "Chirag Delhi" after him.[8]
Disciples
One of his noted disciples was Bande Nawaz Gezu Daraz, who later moved to Daulatabad around 1398, owing to the attack of Timur on Delhi, and from where at the invitation of Bahamani King, Firuz Shah Bahamani, moved to Gulbarga, Karnataka, where he stayed for the following 22 years of his life, spreading the Chishti Order in the South,[12] until his death in November 1422. The dargah (mausoleum) of Khwaja Bande Nawaz, exists today in the city of Gulbarga, as a symbol of multi-religious unity.[13]
During his stay in Delhi, he continued to visit Ayodhya often, where he made a number of disciples, notably, Shaikh Zainuddin Ali Awadhi, Shaikh Fatehullah Awadhi and Allama Kamaluddin Awadhi.[8] Hazrat Kamaluddin Allama was his nephew and made him his successor and thereafter his successors are in Ahmedabad Gujarat India present successor of Khanqa E Auliya Chishtiya is Khawaja Ruknuddin Mohammed Farrukh Chishti.[14] He resides at Nasirbaug, Shahibaug, Gujarat , Ahmedabad, India
Dargah
After his death, his tomb was built by Firuz Shah Tughluq (r. 1351 - 1388), the Sultan of Delhi in 1358, and later two gateways were added on either side of mausoleum. One of noted addition was a mosque built by a later Mughal emperor, Farrukhsiyar, in the early 18th century,[6] and popular among both Muslims and non-Muslims. A humble tomb of the founder of Lodhi dynasty, Bahlul Khan Lodhi (r.1451-89) lies close to the shrine,[15] in the present day locality of ‘Chirag Delhi’ that grew around the tomb since 1800, and still goes by his name, it is very close to the locality of Greater Kailash, in South Delhi.[16]
Legacy
Nasiruddin Chiragh Dehalvi, unlike his spiritual master Nizamuddin Auliya, did not listen to sema, which was considered un-Islamic by a section of the Muslim intelligentsia in that period. He did not however pass any specific judgement against it. This is the reason why even today, qawwali is not performed near his shrine in Delhi. Hazrat Nasiruddin's descendants are to be found far and wide as a lot of them moved down South to Hyderabad [citation needed]. The dargah of Badi Bua or Badi Bibi, who said be the elder sister of Nasiruddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi, still exists in city of Ayodhya.[8]
Khanzada Jadubansi Rajputs, their acceptance of Islam
Khanzadah, the Persian form of the Rajputana word Rajput, is the title of the representatives of the ancient Jadubansi royal Rajput family, descendants of Krishna and therefore of Lunar Dynasty[citation needed].
Jadon (also spelled Jadaun) Rajput Raja Lakhan Pala, the progenitor of the family of the Khanzadahs, was the grandson of Raja Adhan Pala (who was 4th in descent from Raja Tahan Pala).[17] Tahan Pala, who founded Tahangarh, was the eldest son of Raja Bijai Pala (founder of Bijai Garh), who himself was 88th in descent from Lord Krishna.[18] Hence, Jadon Raja Lakhan Pala, Mewatpatti (title means, Lord of Mewat) was 94th in descent from Lord Krishna.[19]
Acceptance of Islam
The family records of Khanzadahs states that during one of the hunting expedition Kunwar Samar Pal and Kunwar Sopar Pal, the sons of Jadon Raja Lakhan Pal, met with Sufi saint Nasiruddin Mahmud, Roshan Chiragh-i Dehli. The acceptance of Islam by Khanzadahs have been a 'enlightenment of heart' come about from their association with the Sufi saints.[20]
See also
- Khanzada
- Ata Hussain Fani Chishti
- Chishti
- Sufism
- Khwaja Maudood Chishti
- Khwaja Wali Kirani
- Moinuddin Chishti
- Persian inscriptions on Indian monuments
References
- ^ Hazrat NasirudDin Mahmud. Entitled Raushan Chiragh-i-Dihli Sufi Saints of Delhi.
- ^ Nizamuddin Auliya Ain-i-Akbari, by Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak. English tr. by Heinrich Blochmann and Colonel Henry Sullivan Jarrett, 1873–1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta, Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 365. "many under his direction attained to the heights of sanctity, such as Shaykh Naṣíru'ddín Muḥammad Chirágh i Dihlí, Mír Khusrau, Shaykh Aláu'l Ḥaḳḳ, Shaykh Akhí Siráj, in Bengal, Shaikh Wajíhu'ddín Yúsuf in Chanderi, Shaykh Yạḳúb and Shaykh Kamál in Malwah, Mauláná Ghiyáṣ, in Dhár, Mauláná Mughíṣ, in Ujjain, Shaykh Ḥusain, in Gujarat, Shaykh Burhánu'ddín Gharíb, Shaykh Muntakhab, Khwájah Ḥasan, in the Dekhan."
- ^ Khalifa List of Successors of Nizamuddin Auliya, "Moinuddin Chishti " official website.
- ^ Great Sufi Saints
- ^ Chisti Saints
- ^ a b Chirag Dilli Tomb Mosques & Shrines in Delhi.
- ^ a b Life History Moinuddin Chishti Official website.
- ^ a b c d In The Name Of Faith Times of India, April 19, 2007.
- ^ a b Ayodhya's Forgotten Muslim Past "Counter Currents", 23 October 2003.
- ^ The Tradition of Arabic Devotional Poetry in India… Hind Islami Tahjeeb Ke Rang : Aqeedat Ke Rang, "Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts" (IGNCA).
- ^ Dargah - Religious life at the Tomb www.sunnirazvi.org. “Chirag-e Delhi Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh of Delhi (d.1356), …”
- ^ Jihad in the East: A Crescent Over Delhi The Shade of Swords: Jihad and the Conflict Between Islam and Christianity, by M. J. Akbar. Routledge, 2002. ISBN 0-415-28470-8. Page 111.
- ^ Urs-e-Sharief of Khwaja Bande Nawaz in Gulbarga from tomorrow "The Hindu", November 27, 2007.
- ^ shijra e taiyabba
- ^ Delhi's Valley of Kings The Tribune, March 1, 2004.
- ^ Dargah of Chirag-e-Delhi locationWikimapia.
- ^ Major P.W. Powlett (1878). Gazetteer of Ulwur. pp. 40–41.
- ^ http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V15_032.gif
- ^ https://archive.org/stream/panjabcastes00ibbe#page/181/mode/1up/search/khanzada
- ^ "Shaikh Muhammad Makhdum, Arzang-i Tijarah(Urdu)( Agra: Agra Akhbar 1290H)"
External links
- Hazrat Nasir Uddin Mahmud Chiragh Dehlavi Homepage
- Hazrat NasirudDin Mahmud, 'Raushan Chiragh-i-Dihli', Biography and Dargah details.
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