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New York State Route 22

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"NY 22" redirects here. The term may also refer to New York's 22nd congressional district.
New York State Route 22 marker
New York State Route 22
Map
NY 22 highlighted in red
Route information
Maintained by NYSDOT, NYCDOT, Clinton County, Westchester County, and the cities of Mount Vernon and Plattsburgh
Length337.26 mi[1] (542.77 km)
Existed1924[2]–present
Tourist
routes		 Lakes to Locks Passage (from Whitehall to Keeseville)
Major junctions
South end US 1 in The Bronx
Major intersections
North end US 11 in Mooers
Location
CountryUnited States
StateNew York
CountiesBronx, Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess, Columbia, Rensselaer, Washington, Essex, Clinton
Highway system
← NY 21A→ NY 22A

New York State Route 22 (NY 22) is a north–south state highway that parallels the eastern border of the U.S. state of New York, from the outskirts of New York City to the hamlet of Mooers in Clinton County near the Canadian border. At 337 miles (542 km), it is the state's longest north–south route and the third longest state route overall, after NY 5 and NY 17.[a] Many of the state's major east–west roads intersect with, and often join, Route 22 just before crossing into the neighboring New England states, where U.S. Route 7 (US 7), which originally partially followed NY 22's alignment, similarly parallels the New York state line.

Almost all of Route 22 is a two-lane rural road through small villages and hamlets. The exceptions are its southern end in the heavily populated Bronx and lower Westchester County, and a section that runs through the city of Plattsburgh near the northern end. The rural landscape that the road passes through varies from horse country and views of the reservoirs of the New York City watershed in the northern suburbs of the city, to dairy farms further upstate in the Taconic and Berkshire mountains, to the undeveloped, heavily forested Adirondack Park along the shores of Lake Champlain. An 86-mile (138 km) section from Fort Ann to Keeseville is part of the All-American Road known as the Lakes to Locks Passage.

The oldest portions of today's Route 22, in Westchester County and along the Lake Champlain shoreline, were Native American trails. Dutch, and after them English, settlers continued to use the road to get their farm products to market, with the southernmost portion eventually becoming the White Plains Post Road in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the early 20th century, as automobile use became widespread, the state paved the more heavily used sections and built new roads to create the current highway, first designated as Route 22 in 1930. In its early years the highway began in Manhattan; until 2008 its northern end was the Canadian border.

Route description

Route 22 starts as an urban arterial road, passing through the most populous communities along its route within its first 15 miles (24 km). After running northerly from its origin in the Bronx it veers slightly to the northeast in the vicinity of a traffic circle near Kensico Dam before heading northward for good as a mostly two-lane rural route all the way to the state's North Country.[5]

The majority of NY 22's 337-mile (542 km) routing is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT); however, several sections are maintained by other jurisdictions. The southernmost of these is in the Bronx, where the entirety of the highway within the borough is maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT).[6] In Westchester County, Route 22 is mostly locally maintained within the city of Mount Vernon and is county-maintained within the city of White Plains.[7] In Clinton County, the route is locally maintained within the city of Plattsburgh.[8][b]

During its course, NY 22 intersects or runs concurrently with 46 other designated routes: one state parkway, five Interstate Highways, and seven U.S. Highways not counting its own termini. Of the surface road intersections, 18 terminate at Route 22 and 15 are concurrencies shared with the crossing routes, accounting for 72.6 miles (116.8 km), or 21.5% of the highway's total length.[10]

The Bronx to Kensico Dam

A sign with the number "22" in black on a white shield, itself on a black background, on a slightly skewed metal post stands at front right. Across a road are some low multistory urban buildings
NY 22 northbound in Mount Vernon, just north of the East 233rd Street intersection in the Bronx

Route 22 starts as Provost Avenue at an intersection with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in the Eastchester section of the Bronx, intersecting with East 233rd Street about 0.2 miles (320 m) to the north.[11] It soon crosses the Westchester county line into Mount Vernon and becomes South Third Avenue, beginning a 30-mile (48 km) section in that county.[5] Shortly after the county line, Route 22 makes a sharp turn to the east at the South Columbus Avenue intersection, soon passing St. Paul's Church National Historic Site on its north, then curving back to that direction. It parallels the nearby Hutchinson River Parkway as it passes through the suburbs of Bronxville and Tuckahoe. At Wilson Woods Lake, it crosses under a railroad bridge on the Metro-North New Haven Line and becomes North Columbus Avenue, then has its first interchange with a limited-access road at the Cross County Parkway.[7]

Country clubs on either side bracket NY 22's entry into Eastchester.[5] It makes a turn to the northeast, passing the Vernon Hills Shopping Center to the right. After leaving Eastchester, NY 22 continues north into the village of Scarsdale.[5] Paralleling the Bronx River Parkway (BRP), enters Westchester's county seat, White Plains.[5][c] NY 22 also intersects NY 125 and NY 119 in downtown White Plains, then bends to the northwest along North Broadway, eventually intersecting the Cross-Westchester Expressway (Interstate 287 or I-287). The White Plains Rural Cemetery is visible to the west as Route 22 continues northward out of the city.[5] In North White Plains, the surrounding area becomes less developed as it goes over a gentle rise from which a short connector runs downhill to the traffic circle where the BRP ends and the Taconic State Parkway begins, just south of Kensico Dam.[5]

Kensico Reservoir to Brewster

While the Taconic State Parkway continues along the northwest heading Route 22 had been following, Route 22 itself veers to the northeast along the reservoir's south shore. After crossing a small bridge over one of the reservoir's bays, NY 22 becomes a four-lane divided highway and begins a thousand-foot ((300 m) concurrency, the first of 15 along its length, with NY 120.[5] The combined roads pass just west of IBM's Armonk headquarters and the "Duke's Trees angle", the westernmost point in Connecticut.[12] For the first time, NY 22 runs parallel to New York's eastern border, intersecting I-684 for the first of several times just north of the short portion of that highway in Connecticut, after which NY 22 reverts to two lanes. A short distance later, NY 433, one of the state's shortest highways,[d] heads south from NY 22 into Greenwich.[5]

After that junction, NY 22 bends back to the north, paralleling I-684 as a narrow, shaded meandering two-lane rural route through the Westchester countryside of large wooded lots and houses well-screened from the road. In downtown Bedford, the first settlement since White Plains, the highway overlaps with NY 172 for a mile (1.6 km), its first concurrency with an east-west route, then veers back to the northwest at the center of town. Just to the north, NY 121, the only north–south state highway whose route is entirely east of NY 22, forks off from its southern terminus. Another mile past that, Route 22 returns to a due-north heading, passing the John Jay Homestead State Historic Site a National Historic Landmark, where it turns west briefly, and Harvey School, where it curves to the northwest again. After the Katonah Museum of Art it widens briefly at a major intersection with NY 35.[5] Two miles (3.2 km) north of that junction, NY 22 becomes parallel with I-684 into the Town of Somers and the hamlet of Goldens Bridge. On the other side of the Interstate, accessible via NY 138, is the Goldens Bridge station on Metro-North Railroad's Harlem Line, which begins a long parallel alignment with NY 22 at this point.[5]

A pair of bridges pass from left to right on tall supports that tower over the other structures in the area, such as telephone poles and single-story buildings. The two-lane NY 22 passes underneath the bridge and proceeds into the background.
I-84 overpass north of Brewster

The railroad's Purdy's station is a short distance west of the next junction, NY 116. At another traffic light 400 feet (120 m) to the north, NY 116 goes east to Titicus Reservoir at the northern intersection, the highway crosses under I-684, remaining between it and the railroad tracks. Just past the Interstate, Route 22 turns west onto Hardscrabble Road, which soon turns north again to follow the tracks to the next station, North Salem's hamlet of Croton Falls. Just north of the hamlet, Route 22 crosses under the tracks, and is joined by US 202.[e] Immediately afterward, the road crosses back under the railroad again and enters Putnam County, following the Croton River north past the spillway of East Branch Reservoir.[5]

After paralleling the reservoir for almost two miles (3.2 km), a third route, US 6, joins the concurrency just east of the village of Brewster, forming the only three-route overlap along Route 22. The three routes cross under a high, long bridge carrying I-84, then veer east to an interchange with the north end of I-684. US 6 and 202 continue east for Danbury while NY 22 uses the northbound on-ramp of the I-684 roadway. The next thousand feet (300 m) of Route 22, along the brief extension of I-684, is the highway's only expressway section; the roadways merge and narrow to two lanes after they cross the Croton's East Branch.[5]

Harlem Valley, Taconics and Berkshires

A four-lane highway descends a hill and disappears from view. In the background are large, tree-covered mountains.
NY 22 looking north into the Harlem Valley from Patterson

Route 22 continues heading northeast along a narrow strip of land between the East Branch and Bog Brook reservoirs. It then resumes its northward heading, following a much straighter course than it had up to this point, on two lanes through wooded areas of the town of Patterson, where two local state highways, NY 312 and 164, come in from the west. The highway gradually expands to three and sometimes four lanes as it passes through built-up areas of strip development. Shortly after intersecting a third state highway, NY 311, and passing another strip plaza, NY 22 crosses into Dutchess County.[5]

After another supermarket strip to the east, a long, gentle divided bend in the road almost a mile long ends with an overpass where NY 55 comes in from the west. It joins NY 22 as the two routes, returning to two lanes, pass through the eastern fringe of the village of Pawling and then by Trinity-Pawling School. Past the village, the railroad tracks edge closer to the highway as NY 22 enters the scenic Harlem Valley, near the lower end of the Taconic Mountains.[5] The road curves more gently and takes longer straightaways, with lower density of residential and commercial development. Two miles (3.2 km) from Pawling, the Appalachian Trail crosses the road next to the line's similarly named station.[5]

Routes 22 and 55 continue their long curve into the town of Dover, past the Harlem Valley–Wingdale station next to the road across from the now-closed buildings of Harlem Valley Psychiatric Center. The NY 55 concurrency ends when that road forks off east towards Connecticut at the hamlet of Wingdale. The road continues through Dover Plains and into Amenia, where an overlap with NY 343 begins. The railroad line ends at Wassaic. Route 343 remains joined with Route 22 into the hamlet of Amenia, where it separates and heads towards Sharon, Connecticut. At the same junction, US 44 comes in from Millbrook to begin an overlap with Route 22.[5] The valley opens up as the southern Taconics loom ahead. Shortly after crossing into the Town of North East, the highway passes by the large Coleman Station Historic District.[14]

After intersecting with NY 199 at its eastern end, NY 22 and US 44 veer northeast into the small village of Millerton in the northern protrusion of Dutchess County's Oblong, an area once the subject of a boundary dispute between New York and Connecticut in the late 17th century. US 44 continues eastward towards Lakeville, Connecticut, only a mile (1.6 km) east at this point, while NY 22 resumes its northward course into the shadow of the ridge ahead, where 2,311-foot (704 m) Brace Mountain, Dutchess County's highest peak,[15] dominates the view. At another gentle curve, NY 22 slips into Columbia County and the town of Ancram.[5] North of the county line, Massachusetts becomes the state behind Alander Mountain and the other peaks visible to the east. The southernmost route from New York to the Massachusetts state line, NY 344, leaves for Bashbish Falls State Park just west of the hamlet of Copake Falls.[5]

A two-lane paved road winding through countryside from just right of the camera, down the center of the frame, towards a hill covered with green trees under a blue sky with some small clouds in it. On the far side of the road there is a sign with the number 22 on it; below it is a white on blue sign with "Be Prepared to Stop" on it in capital letters. Telephone wires enter the image from top left, connecting to a wooden pole at the center
NY 22 passing the Falcon Ridge Folk Festival north of Hillsdale

The next major junction is at Hillsdale, where NY 23, the longest[f] east–west state highway not to overlap with NY 22, intersects at a traffic light just east of downtown. At Green River, NY 71, the state's shortest two-digit route,[g] begins it short eastward course into Massachusetts. NY 22 then crosses into Austerlitz, where the surrounding terrain becomes much more wooded and the valleys become narrower. In the center of town, the historic hamlet of Old Austerlitz, East Hill Road offers a short detour to Steepletop, the farm where Edna St. Vincent Millay lived, another National Historic Landmark. A short distance later, NY 22 intersects with NY 203 at its eastern end.[5]

Route 22 then veers sharply to the northeast, resuming a northward direction within 150 feet (46 m) of the state line, the highway's closest approach to it along its entire length. It then rounds a mountain and heads west, paralleling the New York State Thruway's Berkshire section (I-90) for a mile. NY 980D (an unsigned reference route) leaves to the east, where it becomes Massachusetts Route 102 at the state line. After Thruway exit B3, NY 22 resumes its northerly heading. From here it intersects NY 295, then passes Queechy Lake. NY 22 then straightens out to reach New Lebanon, where it intersects US 20. Ending a 41.8-mile (67.3 km) stretch with no concurrencies, the longest on Route 22, New York's longest east–west route (US 20)[h] overlaps with its longest north–south route (NY 22) for a mile before the former continues to Pittsfield and the latter returns to the border-paralleling course, which takes it into Rensselaer County.[5]

A view of an urban street at dusk with brick buildings on either side and a brown building with a large arched window in the distance at dusk, with the street lamps lit
The historic district along Route 22 in downtown Hoosick Falls

As NY 22 continues north, it remains, at first, within a mile of Massachusetts, moving to the east to intersect with NY 43 in Stephentown. North of that junction, it begins to run through a deep, isolated, lightly populated valley in the New York section of the Berkshires.[i] Wide curves take the road through the town of Berlin. Route 22 trends further west, then back east to where NY 2 crosses via an overpass at Petersburgh on its way to Petersburg Pass, the northernmost crossing of the New York–Massachusetts state line. The next road to head east from NY 22, NY 346 at North Petersburgh, enters Vermont.[5]

Shortly afterward, the highway descends gently from the Berkshires to meet another major east–west state road, NY 7. After turning northeast to join it at a traffic light, NY 22 overlaps with Route 7 for 1,500 feet (460 m), then forks off to the north just before crossing the Hoosic River. NY 22 follows the river for 2 miles (3.2 km) to Hoosick Falls, the first village it has passed through since Millerton. There are no other state routes here, but after another two miles (3.2 km), at North Hoosick, NY 67 comes in from the east and the two roads overlap as they leave Rensselaer County.[5]

Washington County

The next 73 miles (117 km) of Route 22 traverse Washington County, the longest portion of the highway in a single county.[19] Almost immediately after the joined roads cross the line, NY 67 splits off to the west, crossing the Hoosick back into Rensselaer County, while NY 22 straightens out again to go due north. After four miles (6.4 km), it reaches Cambridge, where NY 313 forks off to the east. In the middle of town, NY 372, a local connector to Greenwich, ends.[5] North of Cambridge, the highway continues through a rolling landscape of fields and farms, the low transitional country between the Appalachians and the Adirondacks. Beyond NY 29's eastern terminus at Greenwich Junction, Route 22 heads eastward again through 18 miles (29 km) of countryside until, just before reaching Granville, it comes within 0.5 miles (800 m) of the state line, the closest it has come to that boundary since Austerlitz. At the village's south end, NY 22 intersects NY 149 and the two routes overlap for 400 feet (120 m) until Route 149 begins its short journey to Vermont. Just north of Granville, the first of NY 22's two suffixed routes, NY 22A, begins its route running closely parallel to the state line and then into Vermont, where it becomes Vermont Route 22A (VT 22A), paralleling the parent route for some distance on the other side of the state line.[5]

In the foreground is a small cluster of trees that has built up alongside NY 22. Beyond those is a large cultivated field; even farther out is a dense forest. In the distance is an area of lowlands surrounded by forests and bisected by a narrow, winding waterway. Two large mountain ranges are barely visible in the far-off distance.
View to the Drowned Lands at the south end of Lake Champlain from near Whitehall

Immediately after this junction, NY 22 begins a long curve away from the state line that has it running due west at the end of NY 40 in North Granville. It heads northwest a little further until, after passing between Great Meadows and Washington state prisons, it reaches US 4 and turns right to join it, resuming its northward course. At this point the highway is 8 miles (13 km) from the state line, the farthest west it has gotten from it since southern Westchester County. The overlap with US 4, the first to pair Route 22 with another north–south route[j] since the short concurrency with NY 120, lasts for seven miles (11 km) along the base of the Adirondack foothills between the low country and Lake George, before ending in Whitehall, where US 4 leaves to assume the east–west course it takes across northern New England.[5]

Adirondack Park and Lake Champlain

As NY 22 bends westward after leaving Whitehall, it rounds the north end of the ridge to the west, offering views into Vermont. Once again the Vermont state line is very near NY 22, but now it is separated from New York by water instead of land. The stream at the bottom of this valley, surrounded by the low lying Drowned Lands flood plain, is the inflow for Lake Champlain. The lake's South Bay, which the road crosses immediately after this turn, is also the Blue Line. Route 22 has now entered the Adirondack Park, the 6.1-million-acre (25,000 km2) Forest Preserve and National Historic Landmark, and the largest publicly protected area in the contiguous United States.[20] Within the park, NY 22 mainly follows the lakeshore, closer to some of its more populated areas.[5]

A two-lane paved road curves rightward away from the viewer toward a rise in the center of the image amid a snowy landscape of fields and woodlots under mostly cloudy skies, with a ridge of hills on the left
NY 22 in Washington County north of Whitehall

It climbs through rock cuts as it meanders north on the narrowing isthmus between Lakes Champlain and George. Near the northern end, it crosses the Essex County line. Two miles (3.2 km) into the county, it reaches the first settlement along its length within the Adirondack Park, Ticonderoga. The highway skirts the northeastern edge of the village, the site of key battles in both the French and Indian and Revolutionary Wars, as NY 74 comes in from the ferry to the east, the first intersecting state route since Whitehall, ending the longest such break on NY 22 at 24.9 miles (40.1 km). The two routes overlap for almost two miles (3.2 km) until NY 74 goes straight ahead at the intersection with NY 9N, while NY 22 turns right to join NY 9N, the longest suffixed route in the state, and return to its northbound orientation for the longest of its concurrencies, at 25.5 miles (41.0 km).[5]

At first, Routes 22 and 9N veer west, away from the lake, but then return to its shoreline to avoid a nearby mountain, just before Crown Point. NY 185, a small connector road, runs from 9N and 22 along the peninsula to become VT 17. The road remains close to the widening lake for the next 15 miles (24 km), with the tracks of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, used today by CSX for freight and Amtrak for passenger service between New York and Montreal, sometimes immediately to the east. After passing through Port Henry to Westport, where 9N leaves heading west for Elizabethtown. Beyond that junction, Route 22 again turns inland, going through the easy pass around Split Rock Mountain, going northwest to Wadhams where it turns northeast to Whallonsburg, then north. At Boquet, it makes an abrupt turn to go 3 miles (4.8 km) due east back to the lakeshore and ferry landing at Essex, where it connects to the Charlotte–Essex Ferry via Dock Street, leading to VT F-5 on the opposite side of Lake Champlain.[5]

A two-lane highway in a wooded area during autumn. It drops away in the center, with a view toward a distant landscape with a body of water and mountains beyond. On the right is a sign with the number 22
View of Vermont and Lake Champlain near Essex

The highway again follows the lakeshore to Willsboro, where Route 22 heads to the northwest again, inland, through dense forest, until it heads west and intersects US 9 in the town of Chesterfield, the other major north–south surface route up the state's eastern side. Routes 22 and 9 join together, closely parallel to the Adirondack Northway (I-87), the only other route in the state to directly connect New York City with Canada. The three routes, spread over many miles in the southern part of the state, run through a narrow corridor for two miles (3.2 km) until Routes 9 and 22 veer east again toward Keeseville.[5]

Here, Route 9N ends and Routes 9 and 22 separate, ending the last concurrency along the latter. The two will exchange corridors, with US 9 following the lake shore line while NY 22 remains mostly inland. NY 22 enters Clinton County just north of Keeseville, and then leaves Adirondack Park two miles (3.2 km) beyond at the Peru town line.[5]

Clinton County

Just south of the hamlet of Peru, the short NY 442 terminates at Route 22. In the hamlet itself, after the Little Au Sable River crossing, NY 22's other suffixed route, NY 22B, branches off further inland. NY 22 continues north of Peru, and returns to the Northway's side again in a mile. After another five miles (8.0 km), it has its first exit on the Northway near the now-closed Plattsburgh Air Force Base. It continues northeastward, crossing the Saranac River into Plattsburgh,[5] the first city and most populous community NY 22 has passed through since White Plains.[k]

Northern terminus of NY 22 at US 11 in Mooers

NY 22 runs along South Catherine Street for a few blocks, then divides into one-way couplets for the first time since Westchester County, with northbound traffic moving a block to the east to follow Oak Street, while southbound traffic comes down North Catherine Street. It parallels US 9 for a couple of blocks, intersecting NY 3 (Cornelia Street) just a block west of its eastern terminus at that highway. After Boynton Avenue, the separate streets reunite and turns northwest just before it has its second and final exit with the Northway. Just after the exit, NY 374 begins along the westbound route as NY 22 turns to the north once again.[5]

The highway follows the railroad tracks into Beekmantown until it bears left at a fork, trending further west to Beekmantown Corners, where another short local road, County Route 58, formerly NY 456, comes to its western end. After crossing into the next town, Chazy, NY 22 bears left again at another fork to drift further to the west.[5] The terrain around the road becomes increasingly wooded, with long unbroken stretches of pine, in the northern portion of the town. This is briefly broken at another western terminus of a short local road, County Route 23, formerly NY 191, in the hamlet of Sciota.[22]

NY 22 continues past Sciota in a fairly straight north-northwesterly course through more woods with small home and farm clearings. Those yield to mostly fields just before the Great Chazy River, after which NY 22 enters the hamlet of Mooers.[23][24] NY 22 comes to an end upon intersecting US 11.[25]

History

Old roads

The road from the modern-day Bronx (then part of Westchester County) through White Plains to Bedford and points north was originally an old Native American path.[26] This path was later used and widened by the first European settlers. During colonial times, the road was known as "the road to Bedford and Vermont".[26] Further north, near Lake Champlain, the route now used by Route 22 was used by the St. Francis Indians of Canada as they went south to find warmer fishing areas.[27] The old road was also used heavily during the American Revolution to transport iron south from the mines in the Adirondacks.[27]

Once White Plains became the county seat of Westchester in 1759, the road between the village and the city of New York (then encompassing only Manhattan) became an important route and was established as the White Plains Post Road. Before 1797, the main road heading to points north and east out of Manhattan went via Kingsbridge along the old Boston Post Road.[28] A new bridge over the Harlem River (the original Harlem Bridge) was opened in 1797, shortening the route out of Manhattan. This also relocated the Boston and White Plains Post roads to a new alignment along Third Avenue and Boston Road. The White Plains Post Road separated from the Boston Post Road in Bronxdale, with the road to Boston heading east and the road to White Plains heading north. The old White Plains Post Road roughly followed the alignment of modern-day White Plains Road, which was laid out in 1863.[28] (The original post road was to the east of the modern-day avenue). The White Plains Post Road continued north through Olinville, Wakefield, and Mount Vernon, where the route shifted east to modern-day White Plains Post Road, going through Bronxville and Scarsdale to White Plains.[29]

The stretch from Salem to the Vermont border in Granville was part of the old Northern Turnpike, which began in Lansingburgh and went along modern-day NY 40. The Northern Turnpike was chartered on April 1, 1799.[30]

Public ownership

A black and white illustration of an unpaved highway flanked on both sides by fence and trees proceeds through mostly open land. A caption at the bottom reads "Picture of State Road, Patterson, N.Y."
A picture of State Road in Patterson, which would later become part of 22

In 1868, the New York State Legislature formed a commission "to regulate, grade, widen, gravel, and improve the old White Plains Post Road", which was amended in 1870 to "macadamize the road"[31] between Mount Vernon and White Plains. The post road south of Mount Vernon, which was part of New York City, was later widened between 1902 and 1908.[28]

State highways were first formally defined by the state legislature in 1909 and given numeric designations,[32] although these initial designations were not publicly signed. Portions of modern Route 22 were defined as part of legislative routes 1 and 22. Legislative route 1 went from the New York City line north along the White Plains Post Road to White Plains, then detoured to Harrison (via Westchester Avenue), before proceeding north to Armonk (via modern NY 120). Legislative route 1 continued north along modern NY 22 to Austerlitz, where it then turned northwest to Valatie (via modern NY 203 and NY 980B), then followed US 9 to Albany. Legislative route 22 had two segments. The southern segment began in Troy, following NY 7 to Hoosick, then went north along modern NY 22 up to Putnam Station (south of Ticonderoga).

Route 22 designation

A sign with the number 22 on it, similar to the one at the top of the article and in other pictures but with an additional black border, the letters "NY" above the numbers, and a different typeface for the numbers themselves
Original NY 22 shield, adopted in 1927

In 1924, New York signed several major state roads with route numbers. Most of Legislative Route 1 was designated as NY 22, but with a direct route between White Plains and Armonk. Also, instead of continuing to Valatie, NY 22 initially ended at the NY 23 intersection in Hillsdale.[2] By 1929, the road to Valatie had been improved and NY 22 was extended to US 9, with a length of 139 miles (224 km).[33] The middle section of modern NY 22 was designated in 1924 as NY 24, running for 75 miles (121 km) from Stephentown to Comstock. The portion of modern NY 22 north of Whitehall remained unnumbered in 1924 but the next year NY 30, a route assigned in 1924 that linked Mechanicville to Whitehall, was extended north from Whitehall to the Canadian border north of Mooers.[2][34] In the 1930 renumbering, the NY 24 and NY 30 designations were both reassigned elsewhere. NY 22 was then extended north along their former routes,[35] incorporating newly improved roads between Austerlitz and Stephentown, creating the 370-mile (600 km) route that existed until 2008.[33] The segment of old NY 22 between Austerlitz and Valatie was renumbered to NY 203.[35]

A two-lane street passes through a city neighborhood composed of a line of three-story buildings and a large church. The street is lined with decorative lampposts and small trees.
View down Lenox Avenue from West 124th Street and Malcolm X Boulevard. This was once part of NY 22 in Manhattan

In 1934, at the insistence of the Automobile Club of New York, several numbered routes were extended and signed within New York City, with NY 22 among them. It was extended south from the Mount Vernon line in the Bronx along White Plains Road, then following East 233rd Street to Webster Avenue until Fordham Road (US 1). From there, it continued south along the Grand Concourse (then overlapped with NY 100), crossing into Manhattan via East 149th Street to the 145th Street Bridge. In Manhattan, the NY 22/100 concurrency continued south along Lenox Avenue, 110th Street, Fifth Avenue, 96th Street, and Park Avenue, ending at Houston Street (NY 1A).[36] By 1941, the alignment within Mount Vernon was shifted east to use Columbus Avenue and South 3rd Avenue (current NY 22), continuing its route to New York City via East 233rd Street as before.[37] On January 1, 1970, the NY 22 designation was removed from Manhattan and most of the Bronx, and the short piece remaining in the city was realigned to meet US 1 at Route 22's current southern terminus.[38]

U.S. Route 7

In the original plan for the U.S. Highway System, as approved by the Bureau of Public Roads in November 1926,[39] US 7 was defined as beginning in New York City and designated on the alignment of NY 22 to Amenia, where it shifted northeast into Sharon, Connecticut, to use old New England Route 4 through Massachusetts and Vermont all the way to the Canadian border. Apparently New York did not approve this plan, and by mid-1927 the official route log published by the American Association of State Highway Officials had relocated the southern end of US 7 to Norwalk, Connecticut.[40]

State Route 9N concurrency

In the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York, the stretch from Ticonderoga to Keeseville now concurrent with NY 9N was designated solely as Route 22. The north end of NY 47 was also located at an intersection with Route 22 in Ticonderoga. At Westport, NY 22 connected to NY 195, an east–west highway leading to Elizabethtown. At the time, Route 9N only extended from there to Keeseville.[35] NY 9N was extended southward to Lake George c. 1936, supplanting Routes 47 and 195 and becoming concurrent with NY 22 between Ticonderoga and Westport.[41][42]

NY 8 originally extended eastward from Hague to a ferry across Lake Champlain at Putnam when it was assigned as part of the renumbering. In between the two locations, the route utilized modern NY 9N, Montcalm Street, NY 22, and Wrights Ferry and Wrights roads.[33][43] It was realigned in the early 1930s to continue east from Ticonderoga on what is now NY 74 to another ferry across the lake.[33][43][44] NY 8 was altered again c. 1934 to follow NY 22 north from Ticonderoga to Crown Point, where it turned off the highway onto Bridge Road (now NY 185).[44][45] Route 8 remained intact along this routing until c. 1968, when Route 8 was truncated southwestward to NY 9N at Hague.[46][47]

Realignments

A rural, narrow two-lane highway passes through an area composed of trees, fields, and small brush. There is a snow berm at the side, and a pentagonal orange-on-blue sign with the number 81 at right.
Dutchess CR 81, a realigned section of NY 22

Over the course of many years, several sections of NY 22 were straightened, realigned to new roads, or both. Some old alignments are still either county-maintained or state-maintained. Several of these are in Dutchess County. In Dover Plains, the southern leg of NY 22's junction with NY 343 is maintained by the state as NY 980G, a reference route.[42][48] To the north in the town of Amenia, a 4.03-mile-long (6.49 km)[49] loop off NY 22 between Wassaic and Amenia is designated as CR 81. Another former routing of NY 22 in the town of Dover exists as CR 6, a loop route between the hamlets of Wingdale and Dover Plains that runs along the west bank of the Ten Mile River.[42][48] Within the 44/22 concurrency, part of CR 5 (and its short spur 5S), a mile-long (1.6 km) loop west of the highway south of Millerton, is also a former alignment of Route 22.[50]

Before the construction of I-684, NY 22 continued northeast along Sodom Road north of Brewster on what is now CR 50, a dead-end road maintained by Putnam County.[51] Modern NY 22 joins the I-684 roadway at exit 10 (the northern terminus of I-684) and connects to the surface road on the opposite side of the Croton River via the NY 981B connector. South of Copake Falls, the state also still maintains an old alignment designated as NY 980F. North of Copake Falls, the northern half of the original alignment was designated as an extension of NY 344.[52][53]

Mooers area

The segment of NY 22 north of US 11, named Hemmingford Road, was state-maintained until 1988, when ownership and maintenance of that part of the route was transferred to Clinton County as part of a highway maintenance swap between the county and the state of New York.[54] Following the swap, it was co-designated as CR 34 by Clinton County.[8] In 2008, the signed northern terminus of NY 22 was moved to the east end of its overlap with US 11 in Mooers.[25][55] The official alignment of NY 22 was not changed, however, as the New York State Department of Transportation still considered the Canadian border to be NY 22's northern terminus[8] until 2014.[1]

The road is celebrated and described in Benjamin Swett's 2007 photographic travelogue, Route 22.[56]

Suffixed routes

NY 22 has two suffixed routes, both in the North Country.

Major intersections

CountyLocationmi[10]kmDestinationsNotes
The BronxEastchester0.000.00 US 1 (Boston Post Road)
WestchesterMount Vernon2.794.49 Cross County ParkwayExit 8 on the Cross County Parkway
White Plains11.1517.94
 NY 125 south (Mamaroneck Avenue)		Northern terminus of NY 125
11.5718.62
 NY 119 west (Hamilton Avenue)		Eastern terminus of NY 119
12.3019.79 I-287 – Tappan Zee BridgeExit 6 on I-287
North White Plains13.2821.37 Central Westchester Parkway south to I-287 – Port Chester, Tappan Zee BridgeNorthern terminus of the Central Westchester Parkway
North Castle13.8122.23



 To Bronx River Parkway south / Taconic State Parkway north		Southbound exit and northbound entrance to Kensico Circle
Bridge over the Kensico Reservoir
17.4728.12
 NY 120 south – Rye		Southern end of NY 120 concurrency
17.7928.63
 NY 120 north – Chappaqua		Northern end of NY 120 concurrency
18.9430.48
 NY 128 north – Armonk		Southern terminus of NY 128
19.5731.49 I-684 – White Plains, BrewsterExit 3 on I-684
19.9732.14
 NY 433 south		Northern terminus of NY 433
Town of Bedford25.8041.52

 NY 172 west to I-684 – Mount Kisco		Western end of NY 172 concurrency
26.8343.18
 NY 172 east – Pound Ridge, Stamford, CT		Eastern end of NY 172 concurrency
27.2143.79
 NY 121 north – Cross River		Southern terminus of NY 121
32.1051.66
 NY 35 to I-684 – Katonah, Cross River
Lewisboro34.2555.12
 To NY 138		Grade-separated interchange
North Salem36.7659.16


 NY 116 west to I-684 south – Somers		Southern end of NY 116 concurrency
36.8359.27
 NY 116 east – North Salem		Northern end of NY 116 concurrency
38.1361.36
 Hardscrabble Road (CR 138) to I-684
Somers38.8462.51
 US 202 west – Mahopac		Southern end of US 202 concurrency
PutnamBrewster43.2969.67
 US 6 west – Carmel		Southern end of US 6 concurrency
Southeast44.2071.13

 I-684 south to I-84 – White Plains, Newburgh, Danbury, CT		Exit 10 on I-684; northern terminus of I-684
44.2071.13

 US 6 east / US 202 eastModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated		Northern end of US 6/US 202 concurrency
47.1875.93
 NY 312 west		Eastern terminus of NY 312
Patterson50.3681.05
 NY 164 west		Eastern terminus of NY 164
53.5386.15
 NY 311 south		Northern terminus of NY 311
DutchessTown of Pawling56.0290.16
 NY 55 west – Poughkeepsie		Interchange; southern end of NY 55 concurrency
Wingdale62.90101.23
 NY 55 east – Gaylordsville, CT		Northern end of NY 55 concurrency
Dover Plains71.32114.78
 NY 343 west		Southern end of NY 343 concurrency
Hamlet of Amenia78.71126.67

 US 44 west / NY 343 east – Millbrook, Sharon, CT		Northern end of NY 343 concurrency; southern end of US 44 concurrency
North East85.71137.94
 NY 199 west – Pine Plains		Eastern terminus of NY 199
Millerton87.30140.50
 US 44 east – Lakeville, CT		Northern end of US 44 concurrency
ColumbiaCopake100.12161.13
 NY 344 east – Copake Falls, Taconic State Park		Western terminus of NY 344
Hillsdale104.16167.63
 NY 23 to Taconic State Parkway – Great Barrington, MA
111.42179.31
 NY 71 east – Great Barrington, MA		Western terminus of NY 71
Austerlitz115.07185.19
 NY 203 north – Spencertown, Chatham		Southern terminus of NY 203
Canaan
 To Route 102 (via Albany Street/NY 980D)
120.33193.65 Berkshire Connector / I-90 – Albany, Mass Pike, BostonExit B3 on I-90/Thruway
123.18198.24
 NY 295 to Taconic State Parkway – Chatham, Pittsfield, MA
New Lebanon128.12206.19
 US 20 west – Albany		Southern end of US 20 concurrency
128.86207.38
 US 20 east – Pittsfield, MA		Northern end of US 20 concurrency
RensselaerStephentown134.86217.04 NY 43
Petersburgh150.26241.82 NY 2 – PetersburghGrade-separated; access via local roads
155.55250.33
 NY 346 east		Western terminus of NY 346
Hoosick157.78253.92
 NY 7 west – Troy		Western end of NY 7 concurrency
158.11254.45
 NY 7 east – Bennington, VT		Eastern end of NY 7 concurrency
164.16264.19
 NY 67 east – North Bennington, VT		Southern end of NY 67 concurrency
WashingtonWhite Creek166.65268.20
 NY 67 west – Valley Falls		Northern end of NY 67 concurrency
Village of Cambridge171.65276.24
 NY 313 east – Arlington, VT		Western terminus of NY 313
171.98276.77
 NY 372 west – Greenwich		Eastern terminus of NY 372
Town of Salem181.00291.29
 NY 29 west – Greenwich		Eastern terminus of NY 29
Town of Granville199.49321.05
 NY 149 west – Hartford		Southern end of NY 149 concurrency
199.56321.16
 NY 149 east – Granville		Northern end of NY 149 concurrency
202.27325.52
 NY 22A north – Middle Granville		Southern terminus of NY 22A
206.71332.67
 NY 40 south – Hartford		Northern terminus of NY 40
Town of Fort Ann210.96339.51
 US 4 south – Fort Ann		Southern end of US 4 concurrency
Village of Whitehall217.67350.31
 US 4 north – Rutland, VT		Northern end of US 4 concurrency
Bridge over South Bay
EssexHamlet of Ticonderoga242.52390.30
 NY 74 east – Fort Ticonderoga, Ferry to Vermont		Southern end of NY 74 concurrency
Town of Ticonderoga244.12392.87

 NY 9N south / NY 74 west – Ticonderoga, Schroon Lake		Northern end of NY 74 concurrency; southern end of NY 9N concurrency
Crown Point255.43411.07

 NY 185 north to VT 17 – Bridge to Vermont		Southern terminus of NY 185
Westport269.60433.88

 NY 9N north to I-87		Northern end of NY 9N concurrency
Chesterfield295.80476.04
 I-87 south / US 9 – Elizabethtown		Southern end of US 9 concurrency; exit 33 on I-87
ClintonAu Sable300.37483.40
 US 9 north / NY 9N – Ausable Chasm, Plattsburgh		Hamlet of Keeseville; northern end of US 9 concurrency; southern end of NY 9N concurrency; northern terminus of NY 9N
300.64483.83


 NY 9N south to I-87 / A-15 – Ausable Forks, Whiteface Mountain		Northern end of NY 9N concurrency
Town of Peru306.22492.81

 NY 442 east to I-87		Western terminus of NY 442
Community of Peru306.45493.18
 NY 22B north		Southern terminus of NY 22B
Town of Plattsburgh312.58503.05 I-87Exit 36 on I-87
City of Plattsburgh316.98510.13 NY 3 (Cornelia Street)
Town of Plattsburgh318.17512.04 I-87 – AlbanyExit 38 on I-87
318.50512.58
 NY 374 west – Dannemora, Saranac LakeModule:Jct warning: "road" parameter is deprecated		Eastern terminus of NY 374
Beekmantown323.17520.09

 CR 58 east to I-87		Formerly NY 456
Chazy332.39534.93

 CR 23 east to I-87		Formerly NY 191
Community of Mooers337.26542.77
 US 11 north – Champlain
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

See also

County route systems containing a former alignment

Notes

  1. ^ Route 5 is 371 miles (597 km) long;[3] and Route 17 397 miles (639 km).[4] When the latter is fully converted to I-86, NY 22 will replace it as the second longest state route.
  2. ^ New York law delegates the maintenance of all state highways within the boundaries of incorporated cities in the state, other than New York City, to those cities.[9]
  3. ^ Within that city, the highway is maintained by the county under the unsigned designations of County Route 53 (CR 53) from the Scarsdale line to NY 125, CR 108 between NY 125 and Westchester Avenue, and CR 87 from Broadway to the North Castle line.[7]
  4. ^ At 0.7 miles (1.1 km)[13]
  5. ^ US 202, signed as north–south in the other six states it traverses, is an east–west route in New York
  6. ^ At 156.2 miles (251.4 km)[16]
  7. ^ At 2.3 miles (3.7 km),[17] after which it continues into Massachusetts as that state's Route 71.
  8. ^ At 372.3 miles (599.2 km)[18]
  9. ^ Geologically these are still the Taconics, but due to their adjacency often commingled with the Berkshires to their east.
  10. ^ US 4 is signed as east–west through Vermont and New Hampshire since those segments are oriented that way.
  11. ^ Plattsburgh's population is estimated to be 19,696 as of 2017.[21]

References

  1. ^ a b New York State Department of Transportation (July 22, 2015). 2014 Traffic Data Report for New York State (PDF). Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. p. 313. Retrieved May 2, 2016. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  2. ^ a b c "New York's Main Highways Designated by Numbers". The New York Times. December 21, 1924. p. XX9.
  3. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (2015), pp. 85–92.
  4. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (June 16, 2009). 2008 Traffic Volume Report for New York State (PDF). Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. pp. 50–57. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2018. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah "Overview Map of NY 22" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  6. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (March 2, 2010). "Bronx County Inventory Listing" (CSV). Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  7. ^ a b c Westchester County Department of Public Works (2006). Westchester County and State Road Map (PDF) (Map). c. 1:72,400. White Plains, NY: Westchester County Department of Public Works. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 29, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2007. {{cite map}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ a b c New York State Department of Transportation (March 2, 2010). "Clinton County Inventory Listing" (CSV). Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved December 19, 2010.
  9. ^ New York State Highway Law, Section 349-c-2.2: "Such sidewalks, facilities and appurtenances shall be maintained or shall be continued to be maintained, as the case may be, by the city in which they are located, or by the agency or unit owning or having control and jurisdiction thereof." Retrieved August 5, 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d New York State Department of Transportation (2009), pp. 68–71.
  11. ^ American Automobile Association (2007). New York City, New York (Map). [c. 1:90,000]. Heathrow, FL: American Automobile Association.[full citation needed]
  12. ^ New York State Legislature. "New York State State Law § 2". Retrieved February 4, 2010.
  13. ^ "2008 Traffic Data Report for New York State" (PDF). New York State Department of Transportation. June 16, 2009. p. 314. Retrieved January 10, 2010. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  14. ^ Case, Daniel (October 18, 2008). Coleman Station Historic District sign (Digital photo). Retrieved August 7, 2018 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  15. ^ "Taconic State Park – Copake Falls Area". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  16. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (2009), pp. 71–74.
  17. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (2009), p. 209.
  18. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (2009), pp. 139–44.
  19. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (2015), p. 157
  20. ^ "The Adirondack Park". Adirondack Park Agency. Retrieved August 8, 2018.
  21. ^ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017, for New York" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. August 8, 2018. p. 19. Retrieved August 8, 2018. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  22. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (1979). Beekmantown Digital Raster Quadrangle (Map). 1:24,000. Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  23. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (1979). West Chazy Digital Raster Quadrangle (Map). 1:24,000. Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  24. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (1979). Mooers Digital Raster Quadrangle (Map). 1:24,000. Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  25. ^ a b New York State Department of Economic Development, Division of Tourism; Map Works (2008). New York State map: I [love] NY (Map). [c. 1:775,000]. Albany: New York State Department of Economic Development, Division of Tourism. OCLC 231653690.[full citation needed]
  26. ^ a b Hershenson, Roberta (August 21, 1983). "Old Indian Trail Called Route 22". The New York Times. p. WC1.
  27. ^ a b "Topics of the Times". The New York Times. July 23, 1950. p. E8.
  28. ^ a b c Jenkins, S. (1912). The Story of the Bronx. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Chap. X. Retrieved November 30, 2007. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ Comstock, S. (1915). Old Roads from the Heart of New York. G.P. Putnam's Sons. Chap. 19. Retrieved November 30, 2007. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |nopp= ignored (|no-pp= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ State of New York (1829). The Revised Statutes of the State of New-York, 1827–1828. Vol. Vol. III. Packard and Van Benthuysen. pp. 587–624. Retrieved November 30, 2007. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help)
  31. ^ State of New York (1870). Statutes at Large of the State of New York, 1867. Weed, Parsons & Co. p. 568. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
  32. ^ State of New York (1919). New York State, Laws of 1909, Chap. 30 (The Highway Law). J. B. Lyon. Retrieved November 30, 2007.
  33. ^ a b c d Automobile Legal Association (1930). Automobile Green Book (1930–31 ed.). Boston: Scarborough Motor Guide Co.[page needed]
  34. ^ Automobile Legal Association (1925). Automobile Green Book (1925 ed.). Boston: Scarborough Motor Guide Co.[page needed]
  35. ^ a b c d Dickinson, Leon A. (January 12, 1930). "New Signs for State Highways". The New York Times. p. 136.
  36. ^ "Mark Ways in the City". The New York Times. December 16, 1934. p. XX12.
  37. ^ H.M. Gousha (1941). New York metropolitan area (Map). H.M. Gousha. Retrieved November 30, 2007.[full citation needed]
  38. ^ State of New York Department of Transportation (January 1, 1970). Official Description of Touring Routes in New York State (PDF). Retrieved July 16, 2009.
  39. ^ Bureau of Public Roads; American Association of State Highway Officials (November 11, 1926). United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials (Map). 1:7,000,000. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. OCLC 32889555. Retrieved November 7, 2013 – via Wikimedia Commons.
  40. ^ American Association of State Highway Officials (1927). United States Numbered Highways.
  41. ^ Sun Oil Company; Rand McNally and Company (1935). Road Map & Historical Guide: New York (Map). Scale not given. Chicago: Rand McNally. OCLC 956448064.[full citation needed]
  42. ^ a b c Standard Oil Company; General Drafting (1936). New York (Map). New York: General Drafting.[full citation needed]
  43. ^ a b Automobile Legal Association (1931). Automobile Green Book (1931–32 ed.). Boston: Scarborough Motor Guide Co.[page needed]
  44. ^ a b Texas Oil Company; Rand McNally and Company (1933). Texaco Road Map: New England (Map). Texas Oil Company.[full citation needed]
  45. ^ Texas Oil Company; Rand McNally and Company (1934). Road Map of New York (Map). [c. 1:792,000]. Chicago: Rand McNally and Company.[full citation needed]
  46. ^ United States Geological Survey (1967). Glens Falls, NY Quadrangle (Topographic map). 1:250,000. Eastern United States 1:250,000. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Retrieved December 7, 2007.
  47. ^ Esso; General Drafting (1968). New York (Map) (1969–70 ed.). 1:1,687,000. Convent Garden, NJ: General Drafting.[full citation needed]
  48. ^ a b New York State Department of Transportation (1989). Dover Plains Digital Raster Quadrangle (Topographic map). 1:24,000. Albany: New York State Department of Transportation. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  49. ^ "County Road 81, Wassaic" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
  50. ^ "Overview Map of Dutchess CR 5 (Old Route 22)" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  51. ^ "Overview Map of Putnam County Road 50" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  52. ^ New York State Department of Transportation (January 2017). Official Description of Highway Touring Routes, Bicycling Touring Routes, Scenic Byways, & Commemorative/Memorial Designations in New York State (PDF). Retrieved January 9, 2017.
  53. ^ United States Geological Survey (1953). Copake Quadrangle: New York–Massachusetts (Topographic map). 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 11, 2008.
  54. ^ New York State Legislature. "New York State Highway Law § 341". Retrieved March 29, 2010.
  55. ^ New York State Department of Economic Development, Division of Tourism; Map Works (2007). I Love New York's 30th Anniversary Map (Map). [c. 1:775,000]. Albany: New York State Department of Economic Development, Division of Tourism. OCLC 123904093.[full citation needed]
  56. ^ Ross, Rita (November 2007). "Road Trip: Scenic Route 22—which traverses the Valley's eastern border—is the subject of a new book". Hudson Valley Magazine. Retrieved January 19, 2016. {{cite news}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |1= (help)
  57. ^ New York State Department of Economic Development, Division of Tourism; Map Works (2009). New York State Map (Map). [c. 1:775,000]. Albany: New York State Department of Economic Development, Division of Tourism. OCLC 505217389.[full citation needed]
  58. ^ Esso; General Drafting (1942). New York with Pictorial Guide (Map). Esso.[full citation needed]
  59. ^ United States Army Corps of Engineers; United States Geological Survey (1944). New York–Vermont: Granville Quadrangle (Topographic map). 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
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