P-800 Oniks

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Yakhont/Onyx missile
Yakhont/Onyx missile at MAKS Airshow in Zhukovskiy, 1997.
Typeanti-ship cruise missile
Place of originSoviet Union/Russia
Service history
In service2002–present[1]
Used bySee Operators
Production history
ManufacturerNPO Mashinostroyeniya
Produced1987–present
Specifications
Mass3,000 kg (6,614 lb)
Length8.9 m (29.2 ft)
Diameter0.7 m (2.3 ft)
Wingspan1.7 m (5.6 ft)
Warhead250 kg (551 lb) semi-armour piercing HE
Detonation
mechanism
delay fuze
EngineRamjet
4 tons of thrust
Propellantkerosene liquid fuel
Operational
range
600 km (370 mi; 320 nmi) (Oniks version for Russia)
120 to 300 km (75 to 186 mi; 65 to 162 nmi) depending on altitude (Yakhont export version)
Flight ceiling14,000 m
Flight altitude10 meters or higher
Maximum speed Mach 2.5
Guidance
system
midcourse inertial guidance, active radar homing-passive radar seeker head
Launch
platform
coastal installations, naval ship, Fixed-wing aircraft

The P-800 Oniks (Russian: П-800 Оникс; English: Onyx), also known in export markets as Yakhont (Russian: Яхонт; English: ruby), is a Soviet/Russian supersonic anti-ship cruise missile developed by NPO Mashinostroyeniya as a ramjet version of P-80 Zubr. Its GRAU designation is 3M55, the air launched Kh-61 variant also exists. Development officially started in 1983, and by 2001 allowed the launch of the missile from land, sea, air and submarine. The missile has the NATO reporting codename SS-N-26 "Strobile". It is reportedly a replacement for the P-270 Moskit, but possibly also for the P-700 Granit. The P-800 was used as the basis for the joint Russian-Indian supersonic missile BrahMos.[2]

Description

The missile is carried in flight by aerodynamic lift. The solid-propellant booster is located in the ramjet's combustion chamber and is ejected by the airflow after it has burned out.

Standard batteries of the K-300 Bastion-P (Бастион-П-Подвижный):

  • 4 self-propelled launchers K-340P with 2 "Yakhont" missiles (crew of 3 persons)
  • 1–2 Command and Control vehicles (ASBU) PBRK (crew of 5 persons)
  • 1 security alert car (MOBD)
  • 4 Transportation and loading vehicles (TLV K342P)

Advantages

  • Over-the-horizon firing range
  • Full autonomy of combat use ("fire and forget")
  • A set of flexible ("low-profile sea-skimming", "high-low") trajectories
  • High supersonic speed in all phases of flight
  • Full harmonization for a wide range of platforms (surface ships, submarines and land-based launchers)
  • Possible use of the missile in electronic countermeasures environment and under enemy fire

Operational history

Syria

In 2010 Sergei Prikhodko, senior adviser to the Russian President, has said that Russia intends to deliver P-800 to Syria based on the contracts signed in 2007.[3][4] Syria received 2 Bastion missile systems with 36 missiles each (72 in total).[5] The missiles' test was broadcast by Syrian state TV.[6]

In May 2013, Russia continued the contract delivery to the Syrian government supplying missiles with an advanced radar to make them more effective to counter any future foreign military invasion.[7][8] The warehouse containing the Bastion Missile was destroyed in an Israeli air strike on Latakia on 5 July 2013, but US intelligence analysts believe that some missiles had been removed before the attack.[9]

Specifications

  • Length: 8.9 m
  • Diameter: 0.7 m
  • Wingspan: 1.7 m
  • Weight: 3,100 kg
  • Speed at altitude: 750 m/s (Mach 2.6)
  • Surface speed: Mach 2
  • Engine: ramjet, weight 200 kg, 4 tons of thrust
  • Range: 120–300 km / 600 km for Russian ship/sub deployed non-export model[10]
  • for the combined trajectory (hi-lo) – 300 km
  • for low-altitude trajectory (lo-lo) – 120 km
  • Flight altitude of 10,000–14,000 m
  • Warhead: 250 kg
  • Period of storage: 7 years[11]
  • Fuel: kerosene T-6

Radar homing head

  • all-weather monopulse active-passive, with frequency hopping
  • Immunity: high, from active spoofing, dipole clouds
  • Range: 50 km active[12]
  • Launchable sea state – up to 7 points
  • Warm-up time from power on: no more than 2 min
  • Current consumption at 27 V circuit: up to 38 A
  • Maximum angle of the target search: ± 45 °
  • Homing weight: 85 kg

Variants

  • Oniks – Base version for Russia.
  • Yakhont – Export version of Oniks.
  • Brahmos – Co-developed by Russia and India, based on Oniks, produced by BrahMos Aerospace Private Limited in India. BrahMos-II, a hypersonic version is also being developed.
  • Bastion-P – Coast mobile missile system. Officially it was entered service in 2015.[13]
  • Kh-61 - Air launched ASM AGM version.

Operators

Map with P-800 operators in blue

Current operators

  • Hezbollah – with diverse launching platforms.[14]
  •  Indonesia – 4 VLS (vertical launching system) mounted on Ahmad Yani class frigate KRI Oswald Siahaan (354), 50 missiles.[15]
  •  Russia – 3 "Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2010, all the complexes taken into service with the Russian Black Sea Fleet's 11th Independent Coastal Missile-Artillery Brigade stationed near Anapa[16] and the Project 1234.7 Nakat, a one-off Nanuchka IV-class corvette commissioned in 1987 with 2x6 Oniks.[17] In the 1990s the antiship missile Onyx was tested on the ship. In 2002 the missile passed the whole range of trials and was commissioned.[18] "Bastion-P" is deployed by Russian forces in Crimea.[19] One more Bastion-P was delivered in 2015.[20] 2 Bastion systems are in service with the Northern Fleet and at least one with Western Military District (Baltic Fleet).[21][22] One more system entered service in 2016 with Pacific Fleet.[23] Newest class of Russian nuclear-powered attack submarines, Yasen-class submarine, can also launch the missile.[24]
  •  Syria – 2 "Bastion-P" complexes delivered in 2011, 72 missiles,[25][26]
  •  Vietnam – 2 "Bastion-P" land-based coastal defense systems delivered, 40 missiles.[27][28]

References

  1. ^ "MIC "NPO mashinostroyenia" - History". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  2. ^ "Brahmos Missiles - The Hans India". www.thehansindia.com. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
  3. ^ "BBC News - Syria crisis: Russia 'sends sophisticated weapons'". BBC News. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  4. ^ "Despite Israeli protests, Russia won't halt arms sale to Syria". Haaretz.com. 30 August 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  5. ^ "Bastion missile systems to protect Russian naval base in Syria". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  6. ^ "Syria Navy with Yakhont missile.flv". YouTube. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  7. ^ "BBC News - Syria crisis: US rues Russian missiles sent to Damascus". BBC News. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  8. ^ Russia Sends More Advanced Missiles to Aid Assad in Syria
  9. ^ Gordon, Michael R. (31 July 2013). "Some Syria Missiles Eluded Israeli Strike, Officials Say". New York Times.
  10. ^ http://rbth.co.uk/science_and_tech/2013/08/08/russian_supersonic_missiles_behave_like_wolves_28781.html
  11. ^ http://inbsite.com/missiles.html
  12. ^ http://www.granit-electron.ru/products/mil/complex/yahont_head/
  13. ^ http://www.npomash.ru/press/ru/podrobnee020915.htm?l=0
  14. ^ Amos Harel and Gili Cohen: Hezbollah: From terror group to army, Haaretz, 12 July 2016. Quote: "Hezbollah now [as compared to 2006] has Yakhont missiles with a longer range, better precision and diverse launching options." [1]. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  15. ^ Koh Swee Lean Collin (31 May 2011). "Indonesia's Anti-ship Missiles: New Development In Naval Capabilities – Analysis". Eurasia Review. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
  16. ^ "Ракетный комплекс "Бастион" будет защищать берега Анапы". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  17. ^ Wertheim, Eric (2007). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems. Naval Institute Press. p. 625. ISBN 9781591149552.
  18. ^ "Nakat". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  19. ^ "Russia parades Bastion-P in Crimea". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  20. ^ http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2015/1009/145031589/detail.shtml
  21. ^ http://sputniknews.com/russia/20160221/1035124038/russia-northern-fleet-bastion.html
  22. ^ http://tass.com/defense/907916
  23. ^ http://sputnikimages.com/en/site/feature/527850/
  24. ^ http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/russias-first-yasen-class-submarine-is-combat-ready
  25. ^ "Lenta.ru: Наука и техника: Россия поставила Сирии противокорабельные комплексы "Бастион"". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  26. ^ Haaretz (1 December 2011). "Report: Russia delivers supersonic cruise missiles to Syria". Haaretz. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  27. ^ "/ / «»". 24 October 2011. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  28. ^ "Indonesia's Anti-ship Missiles: New Development In Naval Capabilities - Analysis". Eurasia Review. Retrieved 23 December 2014.

External links

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