Pakanha language

Pakanha
Pakanha
Native to	Australia
Region	Cape York Peninsula, Queensland
Extinct	10 reported 1981; not reported since
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Paman North Cape York Wik Pakanha; ; ; ;
Dialects	Western Ayapathu;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	pkn
Glottolog	paka1251
AIATSIS	Y64 Pakanh, Y181* Western Ayapathu
ELP	Pakanh
	Coordinates: 14°30′S 142°25′E / 14.500°S 142.417°E
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Pakanha (Bakanha), or Ayabakan, is a nearly extinct Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland, Australia. In 1981, there were 10 speakers of the language, originally spoken by the aboriginal Pakanha people in the central part of the Cape York Peninsula.^[1]

Phonology

Vowels

Pakanha has 5 vowel qualities:^[3]

	Short			Long
	Front	Central	Back	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/		u /u ~ ʊ/	ii /iː/		uu /uː/
Mid	e /e ~ e̞/		o /o ~ ɔ/	ee /ɛː/		oo /oː/
Open		a /a ~ ə/			aa /aː/

Consonants

Pakanha has 15 consonants:^[3]

	Peripheral		Laminal		Apical		Glottal
	Bilabial	Velar	Palatal	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Glottal
Plosive	p /p/	k /k/	ch /c/	th /t̪/	t /t/		' /ʔ/
Nasal	m /m/	ng /ŋ/	ny /ɲ/	nh /n̪/	n /n/
Trill					rr /r/
Approximant	w /w/		y /j/		l /l/	r /ɻ /

Vocabulary/Topical Index

The following is a sample of words from a comparative wordlist/topical index produced by Philip Hamilton.^[4] The Pakanha words are accompanied by corresponding words from the distantly related Uw Olkola and Uw Oykangand languages:

(P) = Pakanha, (Olk) = Uw Olkola, (Oyk) = Uw Oykangand.

The Body:

Body
- nhangka (P)
- idnhan (Olk, Oyk)
- elpan (Olk)
Head
- wele (P)
- eka (Olk)
- e.g. (Oyk)
Fontanel
- wele ngangka (P)
- ek ulpar (Olk)
- e.g. ulbar (Oyk)
Skull
- yenkan (P)
- ek obher (Olk)
- e.g. opher (Oyk)

References

^ ^a ^b Pakanha at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)
^ ^a ^b Y64 Pakanh at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)
^ ^a ^b Hamilton, Philip (1998), Uw Oykangand and Uw Olkola Multimedia Dictionary, retrieved 20 January 2011
^ Hamilton, Philip (1998), Uw Oykangand and Uw Olkola Multimedia Dictionary, retrieved 22 February 2011

[e16-1] Pakanha at Ethnologue (16th ed., 2009)

[AIATSIS-2] Y64 Pakanh at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)

[Hamilton-3] Hamilton, Philip (1998), Uw Oykangand and Uw Olkola Multimedia Dictionary, retrieved 20 January 2011

[Hamilton2-4] Hamilton, Philip (1998), Uw Oykangand and Uw Olkola Multimedia Dictionary, retrieved 22 February 2011

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