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Peter Grünberg

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Peter Grünberg
Born (1939-05-18) 18 May 1939 (age 85)
Pilsen, Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
Nationality Germany
Alma materDarmstadt University of Technology
Known forGiant magnetoresistive effect
AwardsWolf Prize in Physics (2006)
European Inventor of the Year (2006)
Japan Prize 2007
Nobel Prize in Physics (2007)
Scientific career
FieldsPhysics
InstitutionsCarleton University
Jülich Research Centre
University of Cologne
Doctoral advisorStefan Hüfner

Peter Grünberg (May 18, 1939) is a German physicist, and Nobel Prize in Physics laureate for his coincidental discovery with Albert Fert of giant magnetoresistance which brought about a breakthrough in gigabyte hard disk drives.[1]

Biography

Grünberg was born to a Jewish family[2] in Pilsen, which at the time was in the Nazi-occupied Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (now the Czech Republic) to the family of Fjodor Grinberg. His father changed his name from Grinberg to Grünberg in 1941. His father, an engineering graduate, died in an internment camp at the end of World War II[citation needed]. Like the rest of the German-speaking majority of Pilsen he had been expelled with the rest of his family by the Czech government by means of the Beneš decrees after World War II and came to Lauterbach, Hesse together with his mother and sister, where he attended gymnasium.[3]

Grünberg received his intermediate diploma in 1962 from the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University. He then attended the Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany, where he received his diploma in physics in 1966 and his Ph.D. in 1969. From 1969-1972, he did postdoctoral work at Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada. He later joined the Institute for Solid State Physics at the Jülich Research Centre, where he became a leading researcher in the field of thin film and multilayer magnetism until his retirement in 2004.[3]

Important work

In 1986 he discovered the antiparallel exchange coupling between ferromagnetic layers separated by a thin non-ferromagnetic layer, and in 1988 he discovered the Giant magnetoresistive effect (GMR).[4] GMR was simultaneously and independently discovered by Albert Fert from the Université de Paris Sud. It has been used extensively in read heads of modern hard drives. Another application of the GMR effect is non-volatile, magnetic random access memory.

Apart from the Nobel Prize, Grünberg's work also has been rewarded with shared prizes in the APS International Prize for New Materials, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics Magnetism Award, the Hewlett-Packard Europhysics Prize, the Wolf Prize in Physics in and the 2007 Japan Prize. He won the German Future Prize for Technology and Innovation in 1998 and was named European Inventor of the Year[5] in the category "Universities and research institutions" by the European Patent Office and European Commission in 2006.

Selected publications

  • 3820475 DE  "Magnetfeldsensor mit ferromagnetischer, dünner Schicht" filed on 16.06.1988
  • 4949039 US  "Magnetic field sensor with ferromagnetic thin layers having magnetically antiparallel polarized components"
  • Grünberg, Peter, Y. Suzuki, T. Katayama, K. Takanashi, R. Schreiber, K. Tanaka. 1997. "The magneto-optical effect of Cr(001) wedged ultrathin films grown on Fe(001)". JMMM . 165, 134.
  • P. Grünberg, J.A. Wolf, R.Schäfer. 1996. "Long Range Exchange Interactions in Epitaxial Layered Magnetic Structures". Physica B 221, 357.
  • M. Schäfer, Q. Leng, R. Schreiber, K. Takanashi, P. Grünberg, W. Zinn. 1995. "Experiments on Interlayer Exchange Coupling" (invited at 5th NEC Symp., Karuizawa, Japan). J. of Mat. Sci. and Eng. . B31, 17.
  • A. Fert, P. Grünberg, A. Barthelemy, F. Petroff, W. Zinn (invited at ICM in Warsaw, 1994). 1995. "Layered magnetic structures: interlayer exchange coupling and giant magnetoresistance". JMMM. 140-144, 1.
  • P. Grünberg, A. Fuß, Q. Leng, R. Schreiber, J.A. Wolf. 1993. "Interlayer Coupling and its Relation to Growth and Structure". Proc. of NATO workshop on "Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimension", ed. by R.F.C. Farrow et al., NATO ASI Series B: Physics Vol. 309, p. 87, Plenum Press, N.Y. 1993.
  • A. Fuß, S. Demokritov, P. Grünberg, W. Zinn. 1992. "Short- and long period oscillations in the exchange coupling of Fe across epitaxially grown Al- and Au-interlayers". JMMM. 103, L211.
  • G. Binasch, P. Grünberg, F. Saurenbach, W. Zinn. 1989. "Enhanced magnetoresistance in Fe-Cr layered structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange". Physical Review B39. 4282.
  • P. Grünberg, R. Schreiber, Y. Pang, M.B. Brodsky, H. Sowers. 1986. "Layered Magnetic Structures: Evidence for antiferromagnetic coupling of Fe-layers across Cr-interlayers". Physical Review Letters. 57, 2442.

References

  1. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007". The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
  2. ^ http://www.israel-times.com/index.php/people/2007/10/peter-grunberg-2007-nobel-prize-in-physics-3201/
  3. ^ a b "Curriculum Vitae". Jülich Research Centre. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
  4. ^ G. Binasch; P. Grünberg; F. Saurenbach; W. Zinn (1989). "Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange". Phys. Rev. B. 39 (7): 4828–4830. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.39.4828.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ European Inventor of the Year 2006 in the category "Universities and research institutions"
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