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Shangri-La

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For other uses, see Shangri-La (disambiguation).
File:Lost horizon.jpg
Shangri-La as depicted on the first edition cover of Lost Horizon.

Shangri-La is a fictional place described in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by British author James Hilton. In the book, "Shangri-La" is a mystical, harmonious valley, gently guided from a lamasery, enclosed in the western end of the Kunlun Mountains. Shangri-La has become synonymous with any earthly paradise but particularly a mythical Himalayan utopia—a permanently happy land, isolated from the outside world. The word also evokes the imagery of exoticism of the Orient. The story of Shangri-La is based on the concept of Shambhala, a mystical city in Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

Real places

Zhongdian in Yunnan

Several locations in the Buddhist Himalaya between northern India and Tibet have claimed to be the basis for Hilton's legend, largely to attract tourism. In China, Tao Qian of the Jin Dynasty described a Shangri-La in his work Story of the Peach Blossom Valley (Chinese: 桃花源記, pinyin: Táohuā Yuán Jì)[citation needed]. The legendary Kun Lun Mountains in Tibet offer other possible Shangri-La valleys.

A popularly believed inspiration for Shangri-la is the Hunza Valley in northern Pakistan, close to the Chinese border, which Hilton visited a few years before Lost Horizon was published.[1] Being an isolated green valley surrounded by mountains, enclosed on the western end of the Himalayas, it closely matches the description in the novel. A Shangri-la resort in the nearby Skardu valley is a popular tourist attraction.

File:Hunza by jayzee.jpg
Hunza Valley in northern Pakistan

There are a number of modern Shangri-La pseudo-legends that have developed since 1933 in the wake of the novel and the film made from it. The Nazis had an enthusiasm for Shangri-La, where they hoped to find an ancient master race, similar to the Nordic race, unspoiled by Buddhism. They sent seven expeditions to Tibet; the most famous one led by Ernst Schäfer in 1938. The experience of Austrian SS member Heinrich Harrer and Peter Aufschnaiter in Tibet are now best known through the book Seven Years in Tibet, and subsequent film.

Another pseudo-legend involves the Ojai Valley as the location for the 1937 Frank Capra film Lost Horizon. The outdoor scenes of the villagers of Shangri-La and a cavorting Ronald Colman and Jane Wyatt were in fact filmed in nearby Sherwood Forest (Westlake Village) and Palm Springs. The exterior of the grand lamasery was built and later dismantled on the Columbia Ranch in Burbank, CA.[2] However, according to film historian Kendall Miller in the photodocumentary bonus feature on the "Lost Horizon" DVD, an aerial shot of Ojai Valley taken from an outlook on Highway 150 was used to represent the Shangri-La valley.

United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, being considerably fond of Hilton's novel, named the presidential retreat now known as Camp David "Shangri-La" in 1942. In that April, United States bombers secretly launched from the aircraft carrier Hornet bombed Tokyo in a daring raid led by Colonel "Jimmy" Doolittle. Since Tokyo was far out of range of any American bomber base at the time, there was intense speculation as to where the bombers had come from. President Roosevelt facetiously told a press conference that the bombers had flown from Shangri-La. In line with this pleasantry, one of the aircraft carriers used in the Pacific ocean was subsequently named USS Shangri-La.

Today, various places claim the title, such as parts of southern Kham in northwestern Yunnan province, including the tourist destinations of Lijiang and Zhongdian. Places like Sichuan and Tibet also claim the real Shangri-La was in its territory. In 2001, Tibet Autonomous Region put forward a proposal that the three regions optimise all Shangri-la tourism resources and promote them as one. After failed attempts to establish a China Shangri-la Ecological Tourism Zone in 2002 and 2003, government representatives of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces and Tibet Autonomous Region signed a declaration of cooperation in 2004. Also in 2001, Zhongdian County in northwestern Yunnan officially renamed itself Shangri-La County. Bhutan, which was until now isolated from outside world and has its unique form of Tibetan Buddhism, has been hailed as the last Shangri-La. Another place that has been thought to have inspired the concept of Shangri-La is the Yarlung Tsangpo Canyon. TV Presenter and Historian Michael Wood suggests that the abandoned city of Tsaperang and its two great temples that were once home to the Kings of Gugay is the real location of Shangri-La.

In 1937, Lutcher Stark, a prominent Texas philanthropist, started building his own Shangri-La in Orange, Texas. His Shangri-La was a beautiful azalea garden situated along a cypress/tupelo swamp. By 1950, thousands of people were traveling to Orange to visit Shangri La. Every major magazine dealing with gardens published photographs of the beautiful Shangri La in Texas. In 1958, a major snowstorm struck east Texas, destroying thousands of azaleas and closing the garden for forty years.

In 2002, the Stark Foundation began building a new Shangri La Botanical Garden on the original site. The new gardens will display the great diversity of plants found throughout the world. They will mirror Stark's Shangri-La in an area called the Garden of the Blue Moon.

Use as metaphor and figure of speech

Shangri-la is often used in a similar context to which "Garden of Eden" might be used, to represent a perfect paradise that exists hidden from modern man. It can sometimes be used as an analogy for a life-long quest or something elusive that is much sought. For a man who spends his life obsessively looking for a cure to a disease, such a cure could be said to be that man's "Shangri-La". It also might be used to represent perfection that is sought by man in the form of love, happiness, or Utopian ideals. It may be used in this context alongside other mythical and famous examples of somewhat similar metaphors such as The Holy Grail, El Dorado, The Fountain of Youth, and to an extent "white whale" (referring to the white whale chased by the obsessed Captain Ahab in the book Moby-Dick).

Shangri-La in popular culture

Film

File:ShangriLa.jpg
Shangri-La as featured in the 2004 film Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow.

Television

Music

  • In 2002 Insane Clown Posse released an album entitled The Wraith: Shangri-La one of two albums, this one depicting a place meaning heaven. ICP also mentions Shangri-La in many songs on other albums.
  • The Twelve Girls Band has a song called "Shangri-La" on their album Eastern Energy.
  • Shangri-La is a song written in 1946 by Carl Sigman, Matt Malneck, and Robert Maxwell. It was made popular in recordings by The Four Coins and The Lettermen.
  • Taiwanese singer-songwriter Lee-Hom Wang released an album in December 2004 entitled "Shangri-La".
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in Elton John's song The Trail We Blaze.
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in Led Zeppelin's song Kashmir.
  • Shangri-La is also mentioned in Patti Smith's song 1959.
  • The band Mother Love Bone wrote a song titled "This Is Shangri La"
  • There is a song named Shangri-La in Billy Idol's Cyberpunk album.
  • Clinic's self-titled album has a track named Dj Shangri-La (Domino Records 2000)
  • Don Henley recorded a song called Shangri-La as part of his album, The End of the Innocence
  • The Kinks recorded a track titled Shangri-La on the 1969 album Arthur (Or the Decline and Fall of the British Empire).
  • Punk rock band The Adicts released a song titled Shangri-La on their album "Twenty-Seven"
  • In 2004, Mark Knopfler released an album named Shangri-La
  • Stevie Nicks released an album in 2001 entitled Trouble in Shangri-La.
  • The line "I found a way I could navigate my boat through these troubled waters to the shores of Shangri-la" was used in the song "Eggshells" by Plastic by Nature.
  • There was a 1960s girl group called The Shangri-Las.
  • The alternative rock group Stone Temple Pilots released an album in 2001 entitled "Shangri-La Dee Da"
  • The band Electric Light Orchestra wrote a song titled "Shangri-La," which appeared on their album A New World Record.
  • The Rutles had a song called "Shangri-La" on their album Archaeology.
  • Shangri-La is mentioned on AC/DC's track titled Sin City
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in Neurotic Outsiders's song Story Of My Life
  • Shangri-La is referenced in Ry Cooder's "Poor Man's Shangri-La" (Track 01 off of the album "Chavez Ravine")
  • Shangri-La is the name of the recording studio of the 1960s Americana group The Band.
  • Shangri-La is the name of the opening theme to the anime Soukyuu no Fafner, by the Japanese pop duo angela.
  • Teena Marie recorded a song named Shangri-La for her 1986 album Emerald City
  • The British rock group Oasis released a B-side called "Idler's Dream" which contains the lines "You're an idler's dream and you're singing Shangri-La."
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in Gerard McManns' Cry Little Sister. The Theme from the film The Lost Boys
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in the Nightwish song and album "Angels Fall First", with the line "Not relieved by thoughts of Shangri-La, nor enlightened by the lessons of Christ."
  • The band Dog Fashion Disco, originated from Baltimore, MD, mentions Shangri-La in their song "Valley Girl Ventriloquist", on the "Anarchists of Good Taste" Album. Todd Smith, the vocalist, sings "Follow me to Shangri-La".
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in the track "Searching for Atlantis", by British heavy metal legends Saxon on their Lionheart album.
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in the song "Gone Fishin'," a duet with Louis Armstrong and Bing Crosby.
  • Shangri-La is the title of a song Japanese singer Matsuoka Hideaki (松岡英明) debuted in his 20th anniversary special concert.
  • Shangri-La is the title of an A*Teens single
  • Shangri-La is the title of a Grandaddy track on the Just Like the Fambly Cat album (the track covers the ending of the Electric Light Orchestra song with the same title, but with slightly changed lyrics).
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in Mötley Crüe's Song. Dr Feelgood
  • Shangri-La was the name of the disaster-ridden Malibu studio where Skinny Puppy recorded The Process.
  • SHANGRI-LA is the title of a single by Japanese singer Minako Honda, released on 1990.
  • Shangri-La is the title of a single by J-Rock group chatmonchy. It was also used as the ending theme of the 2006 anime, Hataraki-man.
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in "The Promised Land" track on the Final Fantasy Pray CD. The song is a remake of the overworld theme from Final Fantasy II.
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in The Good Life's song, "Some Bullshit Escape," from Black Out with the line: "Is it better where you are, in Xanadu or Shangri-La? Is it anything like Omaha?"
  • Shangri-La is mentioned in the song "Dawn Of A Golden Age" from the RoadRunner United compilation released by RoadRunner Records to mark their 25th anniversary. The song is sung by Dani Filth of Cradle Of Filth: "Vermillion rivers slither past Racing roads to Shangri-La."
  • Project Shangri-La is the title of a Lana Lane album.
  • Shangri-La is also mentioned in the Demis Roussos's song "Lovely lady of Arcadia", with the line "In your arms I found my Shangri-La."
  • Toxic Rock group Zug Izland mentions Shangri-La in their cover of Pink Floyd's Another Brick in the Wall.
  • Shangri-La is the title of a song of a Finnish musician/poet called Kauko Röyhkä
  • Shangri-La mentioned on "The Lost Boys" Soundtrack
  • In a Norwegian movie about Kaptein Sabeltann, Shangri-La is mentioned as Sabeltann's sacred place.
  • Shangri-La is a song by J-Rock group Siam Shade in the album SIAM SHADE VI

Games

Other

  • Shangri-La is the name of one of the last songs in the play Forever Plaid.
  • The United States navy named one of its aircraft carriers after the fictional location, USS Shangri-La. The name was a reference to the recently lost Hornet (CV-8): after the Doolittle Raid, launched from the Hornet, President Roosevelt answered a reporter's question by saying that the raid had come from "Shangri-La".
  • Shangri-La is a non-profit organization providing homes, jobs, and supports to Oregonians with developmental disabilities and economic disadvantages. Shangri-La delivers services in over 80 locations and operates 6 subsidiary businesses. Service sites include individual apartments, family homes, small classrooms, commercial businesses, and community learning centers.
  • "Shangri La" is repeatedly alluded to in the Kurt Vonnegut novel "Deadeye Dick."
  • The name is said to have inspired Carl Barks when he wrote and drew the Uncle Scrooge comic book "The Land of Tralla La" published in 1954. Half a century later, Don Rosa later wrote and drew "Return to Tralla La."
  • Shangri La (Doris Duke) is a mansion outside Honolulu, Hawaii that now hoses the Islamic art collection of the Honolulu Academy of Arts.
  • Seth Roberts named his weight loss plan The Shangri-La Diet because the diet seemed to allow weight loss without suffering, and thus was a sort of dieter's paradise
  • Shangri-La is the name of a popular strip club in Tampa, FL, located near the world famous Mons Venus and 2001 Space Odyssey.
  • A version of Shangri-La called Nanda Parbat can be found in DC Comics. It was created by a deity called Rama Kushna, who also created Deadman.
  • Shangri-La is an international chain of luxury hotels.
  • Allan Quatermain and Mina Murray meet Orlando during a visit to Shangri-la in The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen: The New Traveller's Almanac
  • Shangri-La is the nickname for room MB2, also known as "The Newcombe Kingdom".
  • Shangrila Furniture, Inc - Heshan, China based furniture manufacturer selling from warehouses located in Ontario, California and in Prusice, Southern Poland
  • The characters of Urusei Yatsura visit a place claiming to be Shangri-La in one of the manga chapters.
  • Shangri-La Healing Center is a healing practice for Reiki, massage and 5 tibetan rites located in Hyvinkaa Finland.[2]
  • ShaneGrayLa is a play on words used by Shane Gray on his website www.shanegrayla.com :[3]. Shane publishes content of urban adventures and television broadcasts covered by city, national and international news stations. Shane is best known for his mockery of the SARS virus scare and his proposal to Darce de la Roche on the 11th of September.
  • Shangri-La and the novel are spoofed in the Goon Show episode "Shangri-La Again". Script: [4]
  • Shangri-L.A. is a nickname for Los Angeles (L.A.) in the Weetzie Bat series by Francesca Lia Block.
  • 'Lush Cosmetics' makes a facial moisterizer called 'Skin's Shangri-La'.

References

  1. ^ "Shangri-la Valley". Adventure Tours Pakistan. June 20, 2006. Retrieved July 29, 2006.
  2. ^ http://maroon.uchicago.edu/voices/articles/2002/04/23/doc_spotlight.php

External links

  • Liisa Berg, Shangri-La.
  • Shangri-La. Lutcher Stark, a prominent Texas philanthropist, started building his own Shangri La in Orange, Texas. His Shangri La was a beautiful azalea garden situated along a cypress/tupelo swamp.
  • Shangri-La is a non-profit organization providing homes, jobs, and supports to Oregonians with developmental disabilities and economic disadvantages. Shangri-La delivers services in over 80 locations and operates 6 subsidiary businesses. Service sites include individual apartments, family homes, small classrooms, commercial businesses, and community learning centers.
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