Timeline of Kraków
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kraków, Poland.
Prior to 20th century
| History of Poland |
|---|
 |
- 1000 - Catholic diocese of Kraków established.[1]
- 1044 - Benedictine Abbey of Tyniec established in Tyniec near Kraków.[2]
- 1142 - Cathedral built (approximate date).[2]
- 1241 - Kraków sacked by Tatars.[3]
- 1257 - The town granted Magdeburg rights, signing of Lokacja Krakowa.[3]
- 1306 - Kraków taken by Władysław Łokietek.[3]
- 1313 - Kraków Town Hall built (approximate date).[4]
- 1320 - Kraków becomes Polish capital.[5]
- 1364
- Cracow Academy founded.[6]
- Wawel Cathedral[7] and Collegium Maius built.
- 1390 - Public clock installed (approximate date).[8]
- 1395 - Kraków Cloth Hall built.[7]
- 1397 - St. Mary's Basilica built.
- 1407 - Synagogue built in Kazimierz.[9]
- 1420 - Bellmakers guild established.[2]
- 1491
- Paper mill established in Prądnik Czerwony.[10]
- Printing press in operation.[11]
- 1521 - Sigismund Bell installed in tower of Wawel Cathedral.
- 1566 - Kraków arsenal built (near St. Florian's Gate).
- 1609 - Polish capital relocated from Kraków to Warsaw by Sigismund III Vasa (approximate date).[3]
- 1610 - Bagel first mentioned.
- 1618 - Church of St. Adalbert rebuilt.
- 1619 - Saints Peter and Paul Church built.[7]
- 1643 - Obergymnasium of St. Anna (school) built on St. Anna Street, Kraków.[7]
- 1655 - Siege of Kraków (1655) by Swedish forces.[3]
- 1702 - City taken by forces of Charles XII of Sweden.[5]
- 1703 - Church of St. Anne, Kraków rebuilt.[2]
- 1768 - City taken by Russian forces.[5]
- 1781 - Theatre opens.[citation needed]
- 1783 - Botanic Garden of the Jagiellonian University founded.[12]
- 1794
- 24 March: Kościuszko's proclamation against Russian rule occurs in Main Square.[3]
- June: Prussians in power.[5]
- 1795 - City becomes part of Austria.[5]
- 1809 - City becomes part of the Duchy of Warsaw.[3]
- 1810 - Population: 23,612.
- 1815 - Republic of Krakow established per Congress of Vienna.[13]
- 1820 - Most of Kraków Town Hall demolished (except tower).
- 1831 - City occupied by Russian forces.[5]
- 1846
- February: Kraków Uprising against Austrian forces; Polish National Government (Kraków Uprising) established.
- November: City becomes part of Austria again; Grand Duchy of Cracow established.[13]
- 1847 - Kraków Główny railway station built.
- 1848 - Czas newspaper begins publication.[14]
- 1850 - 18 July: Kraków fire of 1850.[5]
- 1851 - Population: 41,086.[15]
- 1869 - July: Imprisonment of nun Barbara Ubryk discovered; unrest ensues.[5]
- 1873 - School of Fine Arts and Academy of Learning[16] active.
- 1879 - National Museum, Kraków established.
- 1885 - Park Krakowski established.[17]
- 1890 - Population: 76,025.[18]
- 1893 - Municipal Theatre opens.
- 1898 - Mickiewicz monument installed in Main Square.[7]
20th century
- 1905 - Zielony Balonik literary cabaret begins in Jama Michalika on Floriańska Street.
- 1909 - Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra founded.
- 1910 - Population: 151,781.[19]
- 1916 - Kino Sztuka (cinema) opens.[citation needed]
- 1917 - Formiści (art group) formed.[20]
- 1918 - City becomes part of Poland.[3]
- 1920 - Population: 176,463.[21]
- 1929 - Kraków Zoo opens.[22]
- 1930 - Wawel Castle museum established.
- 1931
- Kraków Philharmonic hall opens.
- Population: 219,300.
- 1933 - Grupa Krakowska (art group) formed.[23]
- 1939
- 6 September: German forces enter city.
- 4 November: City becomes seat of Nazi German General Government of occupied Poland.
- 1941 - March: Kraków Ghetto of Jews established by occupying Germans.
- 1945
- January: Russians take city; German occupation ends.[3]
- Historical Museum of Kraków established.
- 1946 - Krakow Polytechnic established.
- 1949
- Gazeta Krakowska newspaper begins publication.
- Development of Nowa Huta area begins.
- 1950
- Bunkier Sztuki Contemporary Art Gallery founded.[24]
- Population: 347,500.[13]
- 1951 - Polish Academy of Sciences' Division of Medicinal Plants established.[12]
- 1954
- Lenin Steelworks begins operating.
- Opera Krakowska founded.
- 1955
- 1959 - Krzysztofory Gallery[23] and Kino Mikro (cinema).[citation needed] open.
- 1961 - Kraków Film Festival begins.
- 1964
- Balice Airport begins operating.
- Karol Wojtyła becomes Catholic archbishop.[25]
- 1965 – Population: 520,145.
- 1967 - Kino Kijów (cinema) opens.
- 1973 - Tyniec becomes part of Kraków.
- 1974 - Population: 662,900.[26]
- 1978 - Kraków Old Town designated an UNESCO World Heritage Site.[27]
- 1988 - Jewish Culture Festival in Kraków begins.[28]
- 1990 - Czas Krakowski newspaper begins publication.[14]
- 1993 - Institute for Strategic Studies established.[1]
- 1997 - Cracow Klezmer Band formed.
- 1998 - Andrzej Maria Gołaś becomes mayor.
- 1999 - City becomes part of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
- 2000 - City designated a European Capital of Culture.[27]
21st century
- 2002 - Jacek Majchrowski becomes mayor.
- 2006 - Galeria Krakowska shopping mall in business.
- 2008
- Kraków Fast Tram begins operating.
- International Festival of Independent Cinema Off Plus Camera begins.
- 2009
- Kino Agrafka (cinema) opens.[citation needed]
- Sister city relationship established with San Francisco, USA.[29]
- 2010
- Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków,[30] Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory museum,[30] and Bernatek Footbridge[30] open.
- Paderewski monument erected in Strzelecki Park, Kraków.
- 2012 - Population: 758,300.[31]
- 2013 - Air pollution in Krakow reaches annual mean of 37 PM2.5 and 51 PM10, more than recommended.[32]
- 2014 - May: Kraków referendum, 2014 held; Kraków bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics withdrawn.
See also
- History of Kraków
- Other names of Kraków, e.g. Krakau
- List of mayors of Kraków
- List of churches of Kraków
- Synagogues of Kraków
- List of events in Kraków (currently ongoing)
- List of Polish monarchs, some crowned in Kraków
References
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Poland". Norway: Oslo katolske bispedømme (Oslo Catholic Diocese). Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ a b c d Hourihane 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lerski 1996.
- ^ Kamil Janicki (2012), Co się stało z krakowskim ratuszem? Ciekawostki turystyczne.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Haydn 1910.
- ^ Britannica 1910.
- ^ a b c d e Baedeker 1911.
- ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
{{cite book}}: Check|author=value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Kraków". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on March 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archivedate=(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Dard Hunter (1978). "Chronology". Papermaking: The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft. Dover. ISBN 978-0-486-23619-3.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Austria-Hungary: Krakau". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company – via HathiTrust.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Garden Search: Poland". London: Botanic Gardens Conservation International. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ a b c Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), "Cracow", Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 460, OL 6112221M
- ^ a b "Poland: Directory". Europa World Year Book. Taylor & Francis. 2004. ISBN 978-1-85743-255-8.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Georg Friedrich Kolb (1862). "Die europäischen Großmächte: Oesterreich". Grundriss der Statistik der Völkerzustands- und Staatenkunde (in German). Leipzig: A. Förstnersche Buchhandlung.
Größere Städte ... in Galizien
{{cite book}}: Check|author=value (help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Maria Kocojowa (1994). "Poland". In Wayne A. Wiegand and Donald G. Davis, Jr. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Library History.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Rostafiński 1891.
- ^ "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1899.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Austria-Hungary: Austria". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1913.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
- ^ "Poland". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921 – via Hathi Trust.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ Vernon N. Kisling, ed. (2000). Zoo and Aquarium History. USA: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-3924-5.
- ^ a b c "Central Europe, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ "Poland". Art Spaces Directory. New York: New Museum. Retrieved 30 April 2015.
- ^ Ring 1995.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b Hughes 2003.
- ^ Steven Saxonberg; Magdalena Waligórska (2006). "Klezmer in Kraków: Kitsch, or Catharsis for Poles?". Ethnomusicology. 50. JSTOR 20174469.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|lastauthoramp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ "San Francisco Sister Cities". USA: City & County of San Francisco. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ a b c "36 Hours in Krakow", New York Times, 29 September 2011
- ^ "Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2014". Central Statistical Office of Poland.
Review Tables: Cities
- ^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
This article incorporates information from the Polish Wikipedia and German Wikipedia.
Bibliography
- Published in 18th-19th centuries
- William Coxe (1784), "Cracow", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark, London: T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Abraham Rees (1819), "Cracow", The Cyclopaedia, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - John Russell (1828), "Cracow", A Tour in Germany, and Some of the Southern Provinces of the Austrian Empire, in 1820, 1821, 1822, Edinburgh: Constable, OCLC 614379840
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Cracow". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Vol. 7. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Charles Knight, ed. (1866). "Cracow". Geography. English Cyclopaedia. Vol. 2. London: Bradbury, Evans, & Co.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - William Henry Overall, ed. (1870). "Cracow". Dictionary of Chronology. London: William Tegg.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - George Henry Townsend (1877), "Cracow", Manual of Dates (5th ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co.
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - David Kay (1880), "Principal Towns: Cracow", Austria-Hungary, Foreign Countries and British Colonies, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Józef Rostafiński (1891). Przewodnik po Krakowie i okolicy (in Polish). Kraków.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|trans_title=ignored (|trans-title=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Norddeutscher Lloyd (1896), "Cracow", Guide through Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, France, Belgium, Holland and England, Berlin: J. Reichmann & Cantor, OCLC 8395555
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- Published in 20th century
- "Cracow", Chambers's Encyclopaedia, London: W. & R. Chambers, 1901
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Cracow". Handbook for Travellers in South Germany and Austria (15th ed.). London: J. Murray. 1903 – via Google Books.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Cracow". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York. 1908.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Cracow", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Cracow", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Cracow". Austria-Hungary (11th ed.). Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1911.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Leonard Lepszy (1912), Cracow, the royal capital of ancient Poland, London: T.F. Unwin
{{citation}}: Check|author=value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - K.Z. Sowa (1984). "The development of Kraków in the nineteenth century against the background of the historic role of the city." (in) B. Hamm and B. Jaowiecki (eds.), Urbanism and human values. Bonn: BFLR, pp. 101–128.
- Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Kraków". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Northern Europe. Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 386. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- George Lerski (1996). "Cracow". Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966-1945. Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-26007-0.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
- Published in 21st century
- Howard Hughes; et al. (2003). "Significance of European 'Capital of Culture' for Tourism and Culture: The Case of Kraków 2000". International Journal of Arts Management. 5. JSTOR 41064794.
- Laurențiu Rădvan [in Romanian] (2010), "Towns in the Kingdom of Poland: Wroclaw and Krakow", At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities, Translated by Valentin Cîrdei, Leiden: Brill, p. 47+, ISBN 9789004180109
- Colum Hourihane, ed. (2012). "Krakow". Grove Encyclopedia of Medieval Art and Architecture. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539536-5.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)
External links
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