Tír Eoghain

For other uses, see Tír Eoghain (disambiguation).

Tyrone Tír Eoghain (Irish)
5th century – 1607
Coat of arms
The Great O'Neill of Tyrone c. 15th century.
Status	Túatha of Ailech (until 1185)
Common languages	Irish
Government	Monarchy
King
• c. 465	Eógan mac Néill (first)
• 1593-1607	Aodh Mór Ó Néill (last)
History
• Established	5th century
• Disestablished	1607
Preceded by Succeeded by Ailech Clandeboye Kingdom of Ireland
Today part of	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Tyrone (Irish: Tír Eoghain, meaning 'Land of Eoghan') was a kingdom of Gaelic Ireland, associated geographically with present-day County Tyrone, County Armagh and parts of County Londonderry. The kingdom represented the core homeland of the Cenél nEógain people of the Northern Uí Néill and although they ruled, there were smaller groups of other Gaels in the area. Also known as the guidance of Land. One part of the realm to the north-east broke away and expanded, becoming Clandeboye, ruled by a scion branch of the Ó Néill.

History

From the 5th century founding of Cenél nEógain, the tuatha was a sub-unit of the larger kingdom of Ailech (which they typically held the kingship to), along with their Cenél Conaill cousins, fellow descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages. The initial ascent of Ailech had coincided with the decline of the Ulaid, whose kingdom of Ulster receded to the north-east coast.

Following the Norman invasion of Ulster in 1177, Tír Eoghain had become the predominant power in the north of Ireland, a position it regained upon the collapse of the Norman Earldom of Ulster in the 14th century. During the reign of Tudor monarch Elizabeth I it would become an earldom within the kingdom of Ireland, however the extent and power of Tyrone would be eventually curtailed and it was shired into the counties of Armagh and Tyrone, and subdivided into baronies.

During the reign of Stuart monarch James I, Tyrone would be reduced further with the barony of Loughinsholin in its north-east being transferred to the new county of Londonderry. The Ó Néill rebelled several times, attempts to reassert sovereignty. The last attempt of substance was under Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, who fled in 1607 in what became known as the Flight of the Earls, where he and many of his allies (particularly among Ulster Gaeldom) fled Ireland.

Kings of Tyrone

Main article: List of rulers of Tír Eoghain

Bibliography

• Bardon, Jonathan (2005). A History of Ulster. The Blackstaff Press. ISBN 0-85640-764-X.
• Canny, Nicholas (2001). Making Ireland British, 1580-1650. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199259052. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Connolly, S. J. (2009). Contested Island: Ireland 1460-1630. OUP Oxford. ISBN 0199563713. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ellis, Peter Berresford (2002). Erin's Blood Royal: The Gaelic Noble Dynasties of Ireland. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0312230494. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ó Muraíle, Nollaig (2004). The Great Book of Irish Genealogies. De Burca Books. ISBN 0946130361. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• The Ancient and Royal Family of O'Neill, by Desmond O'Neill
• The Great O'Neill, by E. Boyd Barret, Hale Cushman, Flint, Boston, 1939.
• Shane O'Neill, by Ciaran Brady, Dundalk 1996

External links

• Gaelic lordship and Tudor conquest: Tír Eoghain, 1541–1603 at History Ireland
• Death in the lakelands: Tyrone’s proxy war, 1593–4 at History Ireland