1808–09 United States Senate elections
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12 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The United States Senate elections of 1808 and 1809 were elections that had the Federalist Party gain one seat in the United States Senate, and which coincided with the 1808 presidential election. The Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (6 out of 34, or 18%) that even if they had won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.
As these elections were prior to ratification of the seventeenth amendment, Senators were chosen by State legislatures.
Results summary
Senate Party Division, 11th Congress (1809–1811)
- Majority Party: Democratic-Republican (26)
- Minority Party: Federalist (7–8)
- Other Parties: 0
- Total Seats: 34
Change in Senate composition
Before the elections
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 | DR26 | DR25 | DR24 | DR23 | DR22 | DR21 | DR20 | DR19 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DR28 | F6 | F5 | F4 | F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
Beginning of the next Congress
| DR7 | DR6 | DR5 | DR4 | DR3 | DR2 | DR1 | |||
| DR8 | DR9 | DR10 | DR11 | DR12 | DR13 | DR14 | DR15 | DR16 | DR17 |
| Majority → | DR18 | ||||||||
| DR27 Hold |
DR26 Hold |
DR25 Hold |
DR24 Re-elected |
DR23 Re-elected |
DR22 Re-elected |
DR21 Re-elected |
DR20 Re-elected |
DR19 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F7 Gain |
F6 Hold |
F5 Re-elected |
F4 Re-elected |
F3 | F2 | F1 | |||
| Key: |
|
Race summaries
Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage.
Special elections during the preceding Congress
In these special elections, the winner was elected during 1808 or before March 4, 1809; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Massachusetts (Class 1) |
John Quincy Adams | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term. New senator elected June 9, 1808, having already won election to the next term, see below. Federalist hold. |
√ James Lloyd (Federalist) 179 William Gray 127[1] |
| Ohio (Class 1) |
John Smith | Democratic- Republican |
1803 | Incumbent resigned April 25, 1808, despite surviving an expulsion trial in the Senate. New senator elected December 12, 1808. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Return Meigs (Democratic-Republican) 43 Nathaniel Massie 22 Alexander Campbell 3 James Pritchard 2[2] |
| Pennsylvania (Class 1) |
Samuel Maclay | Democratic- Republican |
1802 | Incumbent resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election. New senator elected January 9, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner had already been elected to the next term, see below. |
√ Michael Leib (Democratic-Republican) 89 George Latimer (Federalist) 12 Joseph Hemphill (Federalist) 11 William Jones 4 John D. Coxe 4[3] |
Races leading to the next Congress
In these general elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1809; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Connecticut | James Hillhouse | Federalist | 1796 1797 1803 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1809. | √ James Hillhouse (Federalist) [data missing] |
| Delaware | Samuel White | Federalist | 1801 (Appointed) 1803 |
Incumbent re-elected January 11, 1809. | √ Samuel White (Federalist) 17 Andrew Gray Democratic-Republican 10[4] |
| Maryland | Samuel Smith | Democratic- Republican |
1802 | Incumbent re-elected November 14, 1809. | √ Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican) 53 John Eager Howard]] (Federalist) 29 John Thompson Mason (Federalist) 1 John H. Nicholson (Federalist) 1 Benjamin Stoddert (Federalist) 1 blank (Federalist) 2[5] |
| Massachusetts | John Quincy Adams | Federalist | 1803 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Democratic-Republican. New senator elected June 2, 1808. Federalist hold. Incumbent resigned and winner was elected to finish the remaining term, see above |
√ James Lloyd (Federalist) 248 John Quincy Adams (Democratic-Republican) 213 Laban Wheaton (Federalist) 1[6] |
| New Jersey | John Condit | Democratic- Republican |
1803 (Appointed) 1803 (Special) |
Incumbent lost renomination.[7] New senator elected November 3, 1808 on the second ballot.[7] Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ John Lambert (Democratic-Republican) 27 John Doughty 23 Ebenezer Elmer 3 John Condit (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated George C. Maxwell Eliminated Henry Southard Eliminated William McCullough Eliminated[7] |
| New York | Samuel L. Mitchill | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (Special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected February 7, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Obadiah German (Democratic-Republican) 52.4% David Brooks (Federalist) 34.7% Samuel L. Mitchill (Democratic-Republican) 12.9%[8] |
| Ohio | Return Meigs | Democratic- Republican |
1808 (Special) | Incumbent elected December 10, 1808. | √ Return Meigs (Democratic-Republican) 49 Alexander Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 17 James Pritchard 4[2] |
| Pennsylvania | Samuel Maclay | Democratic- Republican |
1808 (Special) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected December 13, 1808 and subsequently elected to finish the remaining term, see above. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Michael Leib (Democratic-Republican) 90 Joseph Hemphill (Federalist) 24 John D. Coxe (Constitutional) 11 Not voting 1[9] |
| Rhode Island | Benjamin Howland | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (Special) | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected November 5, 1808. Federalist gain. |
√ Francis Malbone (Federalist) Nathaniel Hazard (Democratic-Republican) "by a majority of six"[10] |
| Tennessee | Joseph Anderson | Democratic- Republican |
1797 (Special) 1799 (Resigned) 1799 (Special) 1803 |
Incumbent lost re-election. Legislature failed to elect. Democratic-Republican loss. Incumbent was appointed to begin the term and was later elected to finish the term. |
Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican) [data missing] |
| Vermont | Jonathan Robinson | Democratic- Republican |
1807 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1808. | √ Jonathan Robinson (Democratic-Republican) 109 Daniel Chipman (Federalist) 97 scattering 3[11] |
| Virginia | Andrew Moore | Democratic- Republican |
1804 (Appointed) 1804 (Resigned) 1804 (Special) |
Incumbent retired.[12] New senator elected in 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Richard Brent (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed[12] |
Special elections during the next Congress
In this special election, the winner was elected in 1809 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Joseph Anderson | Democratic- Republican |
1797 (Special) 1799 (Resigned) 1799 (Special) 1803 1809 (Appointed) |
Interim appointee elected April 11, 1809. | √ Joseph Anderson (Democratic-Republican) 23 John Sevier 16[13] |
| Tennessee (Class 2) |
Daniel Smith | Democratic- Republican |
1798 (Special) 1799 (Resigned) 1803 |
Incumbent resigned March 31, 1809. New senator elected April 11, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. Winner was subsequently re-elected early to the following Congress, see below. |
√ Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) 22 James Winchester 16 John Sevier 1[14] |
| Rhode Island (Class 1) |
Francis Malbone | Federalist | 1808 | Newly seated incumbent died. New senator elected June 26, 1809. Federalist hold. |
√ Christopher G. Champlin (Federalist) Unanimous[15] |
| Ohio (Class 3) |
Stanley Griswold | Democratic- Republican |
1809 (Appointed) | Incumbent appointee retired. New senator elected December 12, 1809. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Alexander Campbell (Democratic-Republican) Richard S. Thompson 29 James Pritchard Thomas Worthington 1 David Findlay 1[16] |
| Georgia (Class 3) |
John Milledge | Democratic- Republican |
1806 (Special) 1806 |
Incumbent resigned November 14, 1809. New senator elected November 27, 1809 on the third ballot. Democratic-Republican hold. |
√ Charles Tait (Democratic-Republican) 40 Elijah Clarke 32 Thomas Flournoy 31[17] |
| New Jersey (Class 2) |
John Condit | Democratic- Republican |
1803 (Appointed) 1803 (Special) 1809 (Lost) 1809 (Appointed) |
Incumbent appointee elected November 2, 1809. | √ John Condit (Democratic-Republican) Unanimous[18] |
Early race leading to the Congress-after-next
In this general election, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811; ordered by state.
This election involved a Class 2 seat.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee | Jenkin Whiteside | Democratic- Republican |
1809 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected early October 28, 1809. | √ Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) 39 Unopposed.[19] |
See also
Notes
- ^ "Massachusetts 1808 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing The Freeman's Journal and Philadelphia Mercantile Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). June 13, 1808.
- ^ a b Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901. Columbus, Ohio: Century Publishing Co. p. 97 – via Google books.
- ^ "Pennsylvania 1809 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 3, 2018., citing Journal of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 1808. 174-176.
- ^ "Delaware 1809 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing United States' Gazette (Philadelphia, PA). January 14, 1809.
- ^ "Maryland 1809 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing The Hornet (Fredericktown, Md.). November 29, 1809.
- ^ "Massachusetts 1808 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 3, 2018., citing The Pittsfield Sun (Pittsfield, MA). June 11, 1808.
- ^ a b c "New Jersey 1808 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 6, 2018., citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 9, 1808.
- ^ "NY US Senate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Senate Election - 13 December 1808" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ "Rhode Island 1808 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing United States' Gazette (Philadelphia, PA). January 14, 1809.
- ^ "Vermont 1808 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing Weekly Wanderer (Randolph, VT). November 7, 1808.
- ^ a b "Virginia 1809 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing United States' Gazette (Philadelphia, PA). January 16, 1809.
- ^ "Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018.
- ^ "Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 30, 2018., citing The Minerva (Raleigh, NC). May 4, 1809. The Star (Raleigh, NC). May 4, 1809. National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). May 5, 1809. The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). May 10, 1809. Norwich Courier (Norwich, CT). May 17, 1809. White, Robert Hiram. Messages of the Governors of Tennessee, 1796-1821. Vol. 1. Nashville: The Tennessee Historical Commission, 1952.
- ^ "Rhode Island 1809 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 19, 2018., citing Newport Mercury (Newport, RI). July 1, 1809.
- ^ Taylor, William A. (1900). Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901. Columbus, Ohio: Century Publishing Co. pp. 97–98 – via Google books.
- ^ "Georgia 1809 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing The Republican and Savannah Evening Ledger (Savannah, GA). December 5, 1809.
- ^ "New Jersey 1809 U.S. Senate, Special". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved February 18, 2018., citing New Jersey Privy Council Records, 1809. 176.
- ^ "Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University. Retrieved January 29, 2018., citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1809. 115.
External links
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov