Yellow Line (Washington Metro)

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Yellow Line
Yellow Line train at Huntington station
Overview
StatusOperating
LocaleFairfax County, Alexandria, and Arlington, VA
Washington, D.C.
Termini
Stations17
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemWashington Metro
Operator(s)Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
Rolling stock2000-series, 3000-series, 5000-series, 6000-series, 7000-series
History
OpenedApril 30, 1983; 41 years ago (April 30, 1983)[1]
Technical
Line length15.07 mi (24.3 km) (Includes Fort Totten extension)
Number of tracks2
CharacterAt-grade, elevated, and underground
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄4 in (1,429 mm)
ElectrificationThird rail 750 V DC
Route map
Yellow Line
Legend
to Greenbelt
to Glenmont
 Mount Vernon Square
Gallery Place
( to Shady Grove)
 Archives
to Downtown Largo
to New Carrollton
Virginia Railway Express L'Enfant
 L'Enfant Plaza
to Branch Avenue
I-395.svg
I-395
Southwest Freeway
14th Street bridges (Potomac River)
DC
VA
Up arrow via Rosslyn
 Pentagon
I-395.svg
I-395
Shirley Highway
 Pentagon City
Crystal City |
Virginia Railway Express
Crystal
City
National Airport
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
Four Mile Run
 Potomac Yard
Braddock Road
King Street–Old Town |
Virginia Railway ExpressAmtrak
Alexandria
Union Sta.
RF&P Subdivision
to Richmond
to Franconia–Springfield
 Eisenhower Avenue
I-95.svgI-495.svg I-95 /
I-495
Capital Beltway
Cameron Run
 Huntington
Multiple services sharing track
Handicapped/disabled access All stations are accessible
The WMATA system map shows the Yellow Line running from Huntington to Fort Totten.

The Yellow Line of the Washington Metro consists of 17 rapid transit stations from Huntington in Virginia to either Mount Vernon Square (where peak hours trains terminate) or Fort Totten (outside peak hours). It is the only line to not have scheduled service in Maryland. Additional Yellow Line trains may continue passenger service to Greenbelt during off-peak hours and weekends in order to stage them for Green Line service or for storage at the Greenbelt rail yard.[2][3][4][note 1] In non rush/peak hours, almost all regularly scheduled trains run to Fort Totten.

The line shares tracks with the Green Line from L'Enfant Plaza northward to Fort Totten. It is a quick link between downtown Washington and National Airport, and shares nearly all of its track with either the Green or Blue Line. The Yellow Line has only two stations that are not shared by any other lines (Eisenhower Avenue and Huntington), and only two sections of track that are not shared by any other lines – the section at the south end of the line, and the section between the Pentagon and L'Enfant Plaza stations, crossing the Potomac River.

Route

The Southern terminus of the Yellow Line is adjacent to Kings Highway (Virginia Route 241) in Fairfax County, Virginia.[6] The line heads northeast on a bridge over Hunting Creek and the Washington Beltway (Interstate 95) to a station just south of Eisenhower Avenue, which serves a number of government office buildings including the United States Patent Office. The Yellow Line then merges with the Blue Line and follows the right-of-way of the CSX Railroad through the City of Alexandria.[6] The line enters a short tunnel under U.S. Route 1. After crossing a bridge over Four Mile Run, the line enters Arlington County on an elevated structure above the National Airport parking lots.[7] At the north end of the airport, the Yellow Line enters a tunnel under 18th Street South and South Hayes Street in Crystal City.[6] The tunnel continues along the southwest face of the Pentagon which is a two level station to facilitate a fork with the Blue Line. After the Pentagon station, the Yellow Line emerges from its tunnel east of the Pentagon and crosses the Charles R. Fenwick Bridge over the George Washington Memorial Parkway, the Potomac River, and Ohio Drive.[6] At the end of the bridge, the Yellow Line re-enters a tunnel near the Jefferson Memorial and crosses under the Washington Channel.[6] The tunnel merges with the Green Line tunnel under 7th Street Southwest just south of the L'Enfant Plaza.[6] The joint Yellow Line — Green Line tunnel continues north through downtown Washington under 7th Street, turns west under Florida Avenue and U Street, and then north under 14th Street Northwest.[6] The tunnel then turns toward the northeast under Park Road and New Hampshire Avenue.[6] The tunnel then bends eastward under Rock Creek Cemetery and Fort Totten Park to emerge just before entering the lower level of the Fort Totten station. The track continues northeast as just the Green Line to the Greenbelt terminus.[6]

The Yellow Line needs 10 six-car trains (60 rail cars) to run at peak capacity.[8] Internally, the Yellow Line in Virginia was called the "Huntington Route" (C) and the route through the District of Columbia and beyond to Greenbelt as the "Greenbelt Route" (E).[9]

Crossing the Potomac River from Virginia on the Yellow Line, with the Washington Monument and Jefferson Memorial in the background

History

Planning for Metro began with the Mass Transportation Survey in 1955 which attempted to forecast both freeway and mass transit systems sufficient to meet the needs of the region projected for 1980.[10] In 1959, the study's final report included two rapid transit lines which anticipated subways in downtown Washington.[11] Because the plan called for extensive freeway construction within the District of Columbia, alarmed residents lobbied for federal legislation creating a regional transportation agency with a moratorium on freeway construction through July 1, 1962.[12] The new agency, the National Capital Transportation Administration, issued a 1962 Transportation in the National Capital Region report, which did not include the route that became the Yellow Line.[13] A central route under 7th Street in downtown was only added in 1967 primarily to serve the "inner city".[14] In March 1968, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) board approved its 98-mile (158 km) Adopted Regional System (ARS) which included the Yellow Line from Franconia and Backlick Road (in Springfield) to Greenbelt.[15]

While a cut-and-fill tunnel for Yellow Line was built under 7th Street and U Street, both street traffic and pedestrian access on those streets were difficult.[16] The result was the loss of the traditional retail businesses along the route. The downtown segment of the line was originally projected to open in September 1977.[17] Obtaining approval of the District of Columbia and Prince Georges' County of the exact alignment of the Yellow Line north of U Street delayed construction. Originally, the ARS called for the line to be placed in the median strip of the planned North Central Freeway,[17] but after that road was cancelled, the route of the replacement subway tunnel became controversial, resulting in years of expensive delays.[18]

Service on the Yellow Line began on April 30, 1983, adding Archives to the system and linking the two already-built stations of Gallery Place and Pentagon with a bridge across the Potomac River. It was extended beyond National Airport by four stations to Huntington on December 17, 1983, the first station outside the Capital Beltway.[1] When the Green Line link to U Street opened on May 11, 1991, it acted as an extension of the Yellow Line until the southern Green Line branch was completed.[1][16] When Green Line service began, the Yellow Line was truncated at Mount Vernon Square, where a pocket track exists to relay trains.[1]

The Yellow Line was originally planned to follow a slightly different route in Virginia. The plan would have sent Yellow Line trains to Franconia–Springfield, with Blue Line trains serving Huntington. This was changed due to a shortage of rail cars at the time of the completion of the line to Huntington. Because fewer rail cars were required to operate Yellow Line service than would be required to run Blue Line service out to Huntington – due to the Yellow Line's shorter route – the line designations were switched. From 1999 to 2008, the Yellow Line operated to Franconia–Springfield on July 4, as part of Metro's special service pattern on that day.[19]

One of hundreds of signs that were reworded from just "National Airport"

In 1998, Congress changed the name of the Washington National Airport to the Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport with the law specifying that no money be spent to implement the name change. As a result, WMATA did not change the name of the National Airport station (which never included the full name of the airport). In response to repeated inquiries from Republican congressmen that the station be renamed, WMATA stated that stations are renamed only at the request of the local jurisdiction. Because both Arlington County and the District of Columbia were controlled by Democrats, the name change was blocked. Finally, in 2001, Congress made changing the station's name a condition of further federal funding.[20][21][22][23]

Extensions

In 2006, Metro board member Jim Graham and D.C. Mayor Anthony A. Williams proposed re-extending Yellow Line service to Fort Totten or even to Greenbelt, which was the originally planned northern terminus for the line. Their proposal did not involve construction of any new track, because either extension would run along the same route as the existing Green Line and would thus relieve crowding on that line. Suburban members of the board initially resisted the proposal. Through a compromise that also increased service on the Red Line, on April 20, 2006 the WMATA board approved a Yellow Line extension to the Fort Totten station during off-peak hours. An 18-month pilot program began on December 31, 2006, at a cost of $5.75 million to the District of Columbia.[24][25] The pilot program was made a permanent service.[5] Starting June 18, 2012, the Yellow Line was extended as part of the Rush+ program, to Greenbelt on the northern end and several trains were diverted to Franconia-Springfield on the southern end. This was discontinued on June 25, 2017.[26]

List of stations

The following stations are along the line, from south to north.

Service routes Station Code Opened Other Metro
Line(s) 		Notes
Peak Off-Peak
● ● Huntington C15 1983 Southern terminus
● ● Eisenhower Avenue C14 1983
● ● King Street – Old Town C13 1983 Amtrak Virginia Railway Express at Alexandria Union Station
Transfer station for the Blue Line (southern)
● ● Braddock Road C12 1983
| | Potomac Yard C11 2020 (projected)
● ● Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport C10 1977
● ● Crystal City C09 1977 Virginia Railway Express
● ● Pentagon City C08 1977
● ● Pentagon C07 1977 Transfer station for the Blue Line (northern); crosses Potomac River via Fenwick Bridge
● ● L'Enfant Plaza F03 1977 Virginia Railway Express at L'Enfant
Transfer station for the Blue, Orange, Green, and Silver Lines.
● ● Archives – Navy Memorial – Penn Quarter F02 1983
● ● Gallery Place F01 1976 transfer station for the Red Line
● ● Mount Vernon Square E01 1991 Terminus for peak hour trains
● Shaw – Howard University E02 1991
● U Street / African-American Civil War Memorial / Cardozo E03 1991
● Columbia Heights E04 1999
● Georgia Avenue – Petworth E05 1999
● Fort Totten E06 1993 Terminus in off-peak hours. Transfer station for the Red Line (full-time) and Green Line .

Future

On November 16, 1995, WMATA and the developer of the Potomac Yards area of Alexandria, Virginia, signed an agreement to construct a new station that will be financed by the developer.[1] As of February 2017, the station site has been selected, and the project is entering the design phase.[27]

A second improvement project involves building a pedestrian tunnel to interconnect the Gallery Place station with Metro Center. A July 2005 study proposed connecting the eastern mezzanine of Metro Center with the western mezzanine of Gallery Place that are only one block apart. The proposed connection would reduce the number of passengers that use the Red Line to transfer between the Yellow Line and the Blue and Orange lines at Metro Center. As of 2011, the project remains unfunded.[28]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Peak hours are 5 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and 3 p.m. to 7 p.m.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "WMATA History" (PDF). WMATA. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 14, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Metrorail Timetable: Weekend" (PDF). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. May 26, 2007. Retrieved June 22, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ "Metrorail Timetable: Weekday Evening" (PDF). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. April 14, 2008. Retrieved June 22, 2009. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. ^ http://greatergreaterwashington.org/post/15099/how-will-rush-plus-affect-the-yellow-line
  5. ^ a b "Metro Pocket Guide 50.532 (REV.3/11)" (PDF). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i Metro Washington D.C. Beltway (Map) (2000-2001 ed.). American Automobile Association. 2000.
  7. ^ "Potomac Yards Metrorail Station EIS". Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Retrieved April 6, 2011.
  8. ^ "Approved Fiscal 2009 Annual Budget" (PDF). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. 2009. p. 80. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Schrag at p. 188.
  10. ^ Schrag at p. 33-38.
  11. ^ Schrag at p. 39.
  12. ^ Schrag at p. 42.
  13. ^ Schrag at p. 55.
  14. ^ Schrag at p. 112.
  15. ^ Schrag at p. 117.
  16. ^ a b Schrag at p. 217.
  17. ^ a b Schrag at p. 214.
  18. ^ Schrag at p. 214-16.
  19. ^ The Schumin Web Transit Center. "July 4 Service". Archived from the original on May 24, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Schrag at p. 258.
  21. ^ Layton, Lyndsey (April 20, 2001). "GOP Ups Pressure on Metro". Washington Post.
  22. ^ Layton, Lyndsey (December 1, 2001). "House Votes to Require 'Reagan' at Metro Stop". Washington Post.
  23. ^ 2002 Transportation Appropriations Act, Public Law 107-87, section 343, Statutes at Large 115 (2001) 833.
  24. ^ "Yellow Line to extend to Fort Totten; off-peak Red Line turn backs at Grosvenor to end" (Press release). Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. April 20, 2006. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved March 22, 2007. {{cite press release}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ "Yellow Line to Fort Totten expected to be approved". Washington Examiner. April 20, 2006. Retrieved March 30, 2011.
  26. ^ "Metro announces June 25 effective date for new hours, fares, schedules". WMATA. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
  27. ^ "Potomac Yard Metrorail Station Planning". City of Alexandria, VA. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  28. ^ "Gallery Place/Chinatown - Metro Center Pedestrian Passageway" (PDF). Washington Metropolitan Area Transity Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 6, 2011. Retrieved April 4, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Further reading

  • Schrag, Zachary (2006). The Great Society Subway: A History of the Washington Metro. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8246-X.

External links

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