2021 Haiti earthquake: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 18°24′29″N 73°28′30″W / 18.408°N 73.475°W / 18.408; -73.475
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== Tectonic setting ==
== Tectonic setting ==
Haiti lies within the complex plate boundary zone between the [[North American Plate]] to the north and the [[Caribbean Plate]] to the south. This zone is interpreted to contain a number of microplates, particularly the [[Gonâve Microplate]], which is bounded to the north by the [[Septentrional-Oriente fault zone]] and to the south by the [[Walton fault zone]] and the [[Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone]], all of which are active left lateral [[transform fault]]s. Although dominated by lateral motion the plate boundary zone also accommodates a component of north-south shortening.<ref name="DeMets">{{cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03236.x|last=DeMets|first=C.|author2=Wiggins-Grandison W.|year=2007|title=Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gonâve microplate from GPS and seismic data|journal=[[Geophysical Journal International]]|volume=168|issue=1|pages=362–378|url=http://www.mona.uwi.edu/earthquake/files/DeformJaGPS2007.pdf|access-date=7 December 2011|bibcode = 2007GeoJI.168..362D |doi-access=free}}</ref> This has led to overall [[transpression]] along the main strike-slip faults.
The earthquake occurred as the result of oblique reverse motion along the [[Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone]], {{convert|125|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} west of the Haitian capital [[Port-au-Prince]]. It occurred at shallow depths on either a reverse fault striking west and dipping to the north with a component of left-lateral slip, or a fault striking southeast and dipping to the southwest with a component of right-lateral slip. At the location of the earthquake, the local [[Plate tectonics|plate boundary]] is dominated by left-lateral strike slip motion and compression. The plate boundary in this location accommodates eastward, left-lateral motion of the [[Caribbean plate]] relative to the [[North American Plate|North America plate]]. As such, the earthquake likely occurred on the east–west striking, north dipping fault plane with a component of left-lateral slip.<ref name=":0" />


In the Tiburon Peninsula the main structure is the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, which runs along its length. This fault zone carries almost half of the left lateral displacement between the North American and Caribbean plates, with a displacement rate of about 7 mm per year.<ref name=":0"/> The epicentre of the 2010 Haiti earthquake was located at the eastern end of the peninsula and was caused by movement on previously unknown [[thrust fault]]s that form part of the overall fault zone, without rupturing the main strike-slip fault strand.<ref name="Hayes">{{cite journal|last1=Hayes|first1=G.P.|last2=Briggs |first2=R.W.|last3=Sladen |first3=A.|last4=Fielding|first4=E.J.|last5=Prentice|first5=C.|last6=Hudnut|first6=K.|last7=Mann|first7=P.|last8=Taylor|first8=F.W.|last9=Crone|first9=A.J.|last10=Gold|first10=R.|last11=Ito|first11=T.|last12=Simons|first12=M.|year=2010|title=Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake|journal=Nature Geoscience|doi=10.1038/ngeo977|volume=3|issue=11|pages=800–805|bibcode = 2010NatGe...3..800H |url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/21200/2/ngeo977-s1.pdf}}</ref> The same fault zone is thought to have been the source of the [[1751 Port-au-Prince earthquake|1751]] and [[1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake|1770]] earthquakes which destroyed the capital [[Port-au-Prince]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ben Finley |title=Why Haiti Is Prone to Devastating Earthquakes |url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/national-international/explainer-why-haiti-is-prone-devastating-earthquakes/2773880/ |access-date=16 August 2021 |agency=[[WRC-TV]] |date=16 August 2021}}</ref>
The location and [[Focal mechanism|focal mechanism solutions]] of the earthquake are consistent with the event resulting from primarily reverse faulting with a component of left-lateral strike slip faulting on the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone (EPGFZ). Overall, the EPGFZ accommodates about 7&nbsp;mm/yr of motion, nearly half the total oblique convergence between the Caribbean and North America plates (~20&nbsp;mm/yr). Haiti occupies the western part of the island of [[Hispaniola]], one of the [[Greater Antilles|Greater Antilles Islands]], situated between [[Puerto Rico]] and [[Cuba]]. At the location of the earthquake, motion between the Caribbean and North America plates is partitioned between two major east–west-trending, strike slip fault systems—the [[Septentrional-Oriente fault zone|Septentrional fault system]] in northern Haiti and the EPGFZ in southern Haiti.<ref name=":0" />


== Earthquake ==
== Earthquake ==
According to the [[United States Geological Survey]], the earthquake occurred as a result of [[Fault (geology)|oblique-reverse]] faulting on the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone {{convert|125|km|mi nmi|abbr=on}} west of the Haitian capital [[Port-au-Prince]], consistent with its location and the observed [[focal mechanism]]. It had an estimated [[hypocenter|hypocentral depth]] of {{convert|10.0|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0" />
According to the [[United States Geological Survey]], the earthquake occurred as a result of oblique-reverse faulting on the [[Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone]]. The fault is a [[transform plate boundary]] that separates the [[Caribbean Plate]] from the [[Gonave Microplate]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Magnitude 7.2 Earthquake in Haiti |url=https://www.usgs.gov/news/magnitude-72-earthquake-haiti |website=usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=15 August 2021 |archive-date=14 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814205407/https://www.usgs.gov/news/magnitude-72-earthquake-haiti |url-status=live }}</ref> The same left-lateral strike-slip fault is thought to have been the source of the [[1751 Port-au-Prince earthquake|1751]] and [[1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake|1770]] earthquakes which destroyed the capital [[Port-au-Prince]].<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ben Finley |title=Why Haiti Is Prone to Devastating Earthquakes |url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/national-international/explainer-why-haiti-is-prone-devastating-earthquakes/2773880/ |access-date=16 August 2021 |agency=[[WRC-TV]] |date=16 August 2021}}</ref> More recently, the same geological feature also caused the [[2010 Haiti earthquake|2010 earthquake]] which killed between 100,000 and 316,000.


The intensity of the earthquake reached [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale]] (MMI) IX (''Violent'') in [[Les Cayes]] and MMI VI (''Strong'') in Port-au-Prince.<ref name="USGS_DYFI_RESPONSES">{{Cite web|title=M 7.2 – 13 km SSE of Petit Trou de Nippes, Haiti|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00qxtxcn/dyfi/responses|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-14|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|archive-date=15 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815114521/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00qxtxcn/dyfi/responses}}</ref> The epicenter of the 2010 quake was much closer to Port-au-Prince (25 km), and its MMI rating was VII (''Very strong'').<ref name="M7.0">{{cite web |title=M 7.0 – 10 km SE of Léogâne, Haiti |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem14226221/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS–ANSS |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>
The intensity of the earthquake reached [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale]] (MMI) IX (''Violent'') in [[Les Cayes]] and MMI VI (''Strong'') in Port-au-Prince.<ref name="USGS_DYFI_RESPONSES">{{Cite web|title=M 7.2 – 13 km SSE of Petit Trou de Nippes, Haiti|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00qxtxcn/dyfi/responses|url-status=live|access-date=2021-08-14|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|archive-date=15 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815114521/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/at00qxtxcn/dyfi/responses}}</ref> The epicenter of the 2010 quake was much closer to Port-au-Prince (25 km), and its MMI rating was VII (''Very strong'').<ref name="M7.0">{{cite web |title=M 7.0 – 10 km SE of Léogâne, Haiti |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem14226221/executive |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS–ANSS |access-date=20 August 2021}}</ref>

Revision as of 15:44, 24 August 2021

2021 Haiti earthquake
Destruction from the earthquake
2021 Haiti earthquake is located in Haiti
2021 Haiti earthquake
Port-au-Prince
Port-au-Prince
Léogâne
Léogâne
Les Cayes
Les Cayes
class=notpageimage|
Interactive map
UTC time2021-08-14 12:29:09
ISC event620986707
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date14 August 2021
Local time08:29:09
Magnitude7.2 Mw
Depth10.0 km (6.2 mi)
Epicenter18°24′29″N 73°28′30″W / 18.408°N 73.475°W / 18.408; -73.475[1]
FaultEnriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone
TypeOblique-reverse
Total damage136,800 buildings damaged or destroyed
Max. intensityMMI IX (Violent)[1]
CasualtiesAt least 2,207 dead, 12,268 injured, 344 missing[2]
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At 08:29:09 EDT on 14 August 2021, a magnitude 7.2 earthquake struck the Tiburon Peninsula in the Caribbean nation of Haiti.[1] It had a 10-kilometre-deep (6.2 mi) hypocenter near Petit-Trou-de-Nippes, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) west of the capital, Port-au-Prince.[3][4] Tsunami warnings were briefly issued for the Haitian coast.[4] At least 136,800 buildings were damaged or destroyed[5][6] and fatalities were estimated at 2,207 as of 22 August 2021.[2][7] The deadliest earthquake and deadliest natural disaster of 2021, it is the worst disaster to strike Haiti since the 2010 earthquake. UNICEF estimates over half a million children were affected.[8] The Haitian Civil Protection General Directorate (DGPC) warned of a possible large humanitarian crisis resulting from the earthquake.[9]

Tectonic setting

Haiti lies within the complex plate boundary zone between the North American Plate to the north and the Caribbean Plate to the south. This zone is interpreted to contain a number of microplates, particularly the Gonâve Microplate, which is bounded to the north by the Septentrional-Oriente fault zone and to the south by the Walton fault zone and the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, all of which are active left lateral transform faults. Although dominated by lateral motion the plate boundary zone also accommodates a component of north-south shortening.[10] This has led to overall transpression along the main strike-slip faults.

In the Tiburon Peninsula the main structure is the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, which runs along its length. This fault zone carries almost half of the left lateral displacement between the North American and Caribbean plates, with a displacement rate of about 7 mm per year.[1] The epicentre of the 2010 Haiti earthquake was located at the eastern end of the peninsula and was caused by movement on previously unknown thrust faults that form part of the overall fault zone, without rupturing the main strike-slip fault strand.[11] The same fault zone is thought to have been the source of the 1751 and 1770 earthquakes which destroyed the capital Port-au-Prince.[12]

Earthquake

According to the United States Geological Survey, the earthquake occurred as a result of oblique-reverse faulting on the Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone 125 km (78 mi; 67 nmi) west of the Haitian capital Port-au-Prince, consistent with its location and the observed focal mechanism. It had an estimated hypocentral depth of 10.0 km (6.2 mi).[1]

The intensity of the earthquake reached Modified Mercalli intensity scale (MMI) IX (Violent) in Les Cayes and MMI VI (Strong) in Port-au-Prince.[13] The epicenter of the 2010 quake was much closer to Port-au-Prince (25 km), and its MMI rating was VII (Very strong).[14]

The earthquake was also strongly felt in Jamaica, where the intensity reached MMI IV (Light) in Kingston.[15][13]

Tsunami warnings were issued for the country, which were cancelled later that day.[16]

Aftershocks

Multiple aftershocks have been recorded following the mainshock, the strongest being Mw 5.8 in magnitude and centered approximately 65 kilometers further west on the Tiburon Peninsula. Fresh tremors shook Les Cayes city on August 19, 2021.[17] Several casualties were recorded.

2021 Haiti earthquake sequence (only earthquakes with magnitudes 5.0 or greater)
Date and time (UTC) Location M MMI Ref
2021-08-14 12:29:08 13 km SSE of Petit Trou de Nippes 7.2 IX [1]
2021-08-14 12:49:33 20 km WNW of Cavaillon 5.2 V [18]
2021-08-14 16:08:03 10 km NW of Baradères 5.1 VII [19]
2021-08-14 18:11:10 12 km NNE of Baradères 5.1 III [20]
2021-08-15 02:37:53 11 km NW of Petit Trou de Nippes 5.0 III [21]
2021-08-15 03:20:45 12 km NNE of Chardonnière 5.8 VII [22]

Interactive map of 2021 Haiti earthquake

Damage

Debris from a building strewn on the ground following the earthquake

The city of Les Cayes, Haiti's third largest, was the closest to the epicenter of the earthquake. The city suffered extensive damage including many collapsed homes, places of worship and commercial buildings.[23] According to the Haitian Civil Protection Agency, at least 37,300 or more homes were destroyed and 46,000 others were damaged as of August 16.[24][25] The Haitian Civil Protection General Directorate later reported that more than 60,700 homes have been destroyed and 76,100 others have sustained damages as of August 18.[26] There were also a number of hotels that were severely damaged or collapsed.[27]

Places of worship

The Immaculee Conception Church of Les Anglais, a historical landmark constructed in 1907, collapsed when the quake struck during a mass service.[28] The collapse of the facade of the church killed 17 people aged 24 and younger. Two individuals trapped under the rubble were rescued by nearby construction workers.[29]

At Toirac village, just outside Les Cayes, 20 people died in the collapse of the St. Famille du Toirac church during a funeral session.[30]

Casualties

Haitian prime minister Ariel Henry declared a state of emergency due to the high number of casualties and the severe damage.[31] At least 2,207 people died due to the deadly earthquake.[2] The Hôtel Le Manguier in Les Cayes collapsed in the earthquake, killing several people, including Gabriel Fortuné, the former senator and former mayor of Les Cayes.[32][33] Portions of the Catholic bishop's residence in Les Cayes collapsed, killing a priest and two employees and injuring Cardinal Chibly Langlois.[34] In addition to the deaths, at least 12,268 people have been injured and 344 are still missing.[2]

Aftermath

Search and rescue teams of Haitian police and Haitian health department workers were joined by volunteers.[35] Foreign charities, nongovernmental organizations and other volunteer groups sent workers, supplies and equipment to help in the recovery and search and rescue.[36]

On August 23, rescue workers found 24 people, 20 adults and four children, alive under the rubble of a collapsed building near the mountain Pic Macaya. The survivors were then transported to Camp-Perrin, where they received further treatment for their injuries.[37] Just a few days before, on August 17, 16 people were rescued from a former United Nations occupied building in Les Cayes. Rescuers also recovered nine bodies from the building.[38]

Hurricane Grace

Main article: Hurricane Grace

Rescue efforts were hindered due to rain from Tropical Depression Grace on 16 August.[39] The National Hurricane Center forecasted Tropical Depression Grace to produce up to 15 inches (38 cm) of rainfall in Haiti, threatening rescue and recovery efforts in the affected area.[40] Torrential rain and flood brought by the storm threatened the affected area with the potential for mudslides.[41]

As a direct result, many villages were left disconnected and the villagers started voluntary rebuilding. The trust towards the government is low in the areas as the citizens do not expect help due to the great complications, further mobilising the voluntary project.[42]

Response

National

According to Prime Minister and acting President Ariel Henry, local hospitals have been overrun by the large inflow of injured victims after the earthquake. Henry declared a month-long state of emergency for the country after the quake.[23]

International

Additionally, Mexico, Peru, Argentina, Chile and Venezuela have offered assistance in the search for survivors.[47] A group of 34 firefighters from Ecuador were dispatched to assist in search and rescue efforts.[47]

Japanese professional tennis player Naomi Osaka, who is of Haitian descent, stated in a tweet that she would donate all her prize money at the Cincinnati Masters to support rescue and recovery efforts ongoing in Haiti.[48][49]

American sportswear brand Skechers announced on August 19 that they would be contributing US $1 million in donations to support ongoing rescue and recovery efforts. The brand said they would be donating to three organizations; CORE (Community Organized Relief Effort), Hope for Haiti and World Central Kitchen.[50]

International aid

The Mexican government sent a C-295 and a C-130 from the Mexican Air Force, loading 15,400 kg of medicine and supplies for the people affected.[51] On August 16, three aircraft from Mexico's Secretariat of National Defense and Navy arrived in Haiti, carrying aid. The first two aircraft which arrived transported food supplies, sanitation items, and medical supplies. Additional food and survival items arrived on the third aircraft. Rescue and recovery equipment such as forklifts, water filtration devices, lamps, blankets and shovels were also sent to Haiti.[52]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f "M 7.2 – 12 km NE of Saint-Louis du Sud, Haiti". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d "Haiti raises earthquake death toll, passes 2,200". Port-au-Prince, Haiti: Associated Press. Associated Press. 19 August 2021. Retrieved 22 August 2021.
  3. ^ European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre. "Earthquake, Magnitude 7.2 – HAITI REGION – 2021 August 14, 12:29:09 UTC". EMSC-CSEM. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  4. ^ a b "Quake kills hundreds in Haiti, worsening Caribbean nation's plight". Reuters. 14 August 2021. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  5. ^ "Haiti: Earthquake – Flash Update No. 2 (16 August 2021) – Haiti". ReliefWeb. 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "Business Guide: Haiti Earthquake Humanitarian Response, August 2021 – Haiti". ReliefWeb. 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ "Haiti: Earthquake – Flash Update No. 2 (16 August 2021) – Haiti". ReliefWeb. 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ "Over half a million children affected by Haiti earthquake". www.unicef.org. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  9. ^ "Haiti: Earthquake - Aug 2021". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  10. ^ DeMets, C.; Wiggins-Grandison W. (2007). "Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gonâve microplate from GPS and seismic data" (PDF). Geophysical Journal International. 168 (1): 362–378. Bibcode:2007GeoJI.168..362D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03236.x. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
  11. ^ Hayes, G.P.; Briggs, R.W.; Sladen, A.; Fielding, E.J.; Prentice, C.; Hudnut, K.; Mann, P.; Taylor, F.W.; Crone, A.J.; Gold, R.; Ito, T.; Simons, M. (2010). "Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 3 (11): 800–805. Bibcode:2010NatGe...3..800H. doi:10.1038/ngeo977.
  12. ^ Ben Finley (16 August 2021). "Why Haiti Is Prone to Devastating Earthquakes". WRC-TV. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  13. ^ a b "M 7.2 – 13 km SSE of Petit Trou de Nippes, Haiti". earthquake.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  14. ^ "M 7.0 – 10 km SE of Léogâne, Haiti". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS–ANSS. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  15. ^ "'The longest ever': Jamaicans react after quake rattles island". Jamaicaobserver.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  16. ^ Paz, Isabella Grullón (14 August 2021). "Haiti quake prompted tsunami warning that was later rescinded". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  17. ^ https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2021/8/19/haiti-earthquake-deaths-aid-victims-les-cayes
  18. ^ "M 5.2 – 20 km WNW of Cavaillon, Haiti". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  19. ^ "M 5.1 – 10 km NW of Baradères, Haiti". USGS. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  20. ^ "M 5.1 – 12 km NNE of Baradères, Haiti". USGS. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  21. ^ "M 5.0 – 11 km NW of Petit Trou de Nippes, Haiti". USGS. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  22. ^ "M 5.8 – 12 km NNE of Chardonnière, Haiti". earthquake.usgs.gov. USGS. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  23. ^ a b VOA News (14 August 2021). "Haiti Earthquake Death Toll Climbs Past 300". Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Voice of America. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  24. ^ "Death toll of powerful earthquake in Haiti soars to 1,297". Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  25. ^ "Haiti: Earthquake – Flash Update No. 2 (16 August 2021) – Haiti". ReliefWeb. 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  26. ^ "Business Guide: Haiti Earthquake Humanitarian Response, August 2021 – Haiti". ReliefWeb. 2021. Retrieved 18 August 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  27. ^ Press Association 2021. "Hunt for survivors goes on after earthquake leaves at least 304 dead in Haiti". Enfield Independent. Retrieved 15 August 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  28. ^ "Parishoners killed in quake-damaged historic Haiti church". France 24. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  29. ^ Amelie Baron (16 August 2021). "Parishioners Killed In Quake-damaged Historic Haiti Church". Barron's. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  30. ^ Laura Gottesdiener (17 August 2021). "Haiti mourners tell of church collapse horror during quake". Reuters. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  31. ^ "Haiti earthquake causes several deaths, 'enormous damage': PM". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  32. ^ "Haïti-Séïsme: Jean Gabriel Fortuné est mort" [Earthquake in Haiti: Jean Gabriel Fortuné is dead] (in French). Cayes, Haiti. Vant Bèf Info. 14 August 2021. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  33. ^ "Tremblement de terre: l'ancien sénateur Gabriel Fortuné parmi les personnes tuées" [Earthquake: former senator Gabriel Fortuné among those killed] (in French). Le Nouvelliste. 15 September 2020. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  34. ^ "Cardinal injured, priest dead after earthquake in Haiti". Catholic News Agency. 14 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  35. ^ "Death toll from massive Haiti earthquake soars". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  36. ^ Arnesen, Ingrid (15 August 2021). "Death toll from massive Haiti earthquake soars past 700". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  37. ^ "Twenty-four, including 4 children, found alive in rubble". The Haitian Times. 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  38. ^ "Sixteen people found alive, 9 dead from building that once housed UN". The Haitian Times. 17 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  39. ^ "Haiti quake death toll climbs to 1,419 as heavy rain complicates rescue efforts". Axios. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  40. ^ "Haiti braces for Tropical Depression Grace as Fred takes aim at Florida". CBS News. The Associated Press. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  41. ^ Stevenson, Mark; Sanson, Evans (17 August 2021). "Tropical storm drenching earthquake-stricken Haiti". Miami Herald. Associated Press. Retrieved 17 August 2021.
  42. ^ Kurmanaev, Anatoly (20 August 2021). "'We're on Our Own': Many Earthquake Survivors Expect No Help From Haitian Officials". nytimes.com. New York Times. Retrieved 21 August 2021.
  43. ^ Celine Castronuovo (14 August 2021). "Biden authorizes US response to Haiti after earthquake". The Hill. Archived from the original on 14 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  44. ^ a b "Bolsonaro diz que ONU pediu ajuda de tropas brasileiras no Haiti". Veja (in Portuguese). 16 August 2021.
  45. ^ Helen Moka et Stéphane Blais (14 August 2021). "Prime Minister Justin Trudeau offers help in deadly Haiti earthquake". Global News. The Canadian Press. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  46. ^ "Tras el terremoto, la Cancillería argentina organiza ayuda humanitaria en Haití" [After the earthquake, the Argentine Foreign Ministry organizes humanitarian aid in Haiti]. www.cancilleria.gob.ar (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship. 16 August 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
  47. ^ a b "Séisme en Haïti : les recherches se poursuivent pour retrouver des survivants". France 24. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021.
  48. ^ "Naomi Osaka to donate prize money to Haitian earthquake relief efforts". Reuters. 15 August 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2021 – via CNN.
  49. ^ NaomiOsaka大坂なおみ [@naomiosaka] (14 August 2021). "Really hurts to see all the devastation that's going on in Haiti, and I feel like we really can't catch a break. I'm about to play a tournament this week and I'll give all the prize money to relief efforts for Haiti. I know our ancestors blood is strong we'll keep rising 🇭🇹❤️🙏🏾" (Tweet). Retrieved 15 August 2021 – via Twitter.
  50. ^ Nikara Johns (19 August 2021). "Skechers Donates $1 Million to Haiti Earthquake Relief Efforts". Footwear News. Retrieved 20 August 2021.
  51. ^ "México al rescate, envía ayuda humanitaria a Haití" on YouTube
  52. ^ El Financiero; AP News; The Washington Post (16 August 2021). "Mexico sends planeloads of humanitarian aid to Haiti". Mexico News Daily. Retrieved 17 August 2021.

External links

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