2016 in paleontology: Difference between revisions

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2016.

Plants

Cnidarians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Bsokolovia^[2]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Tsyganko	Late Devonian		Russia	A tabulate coral. The type species is Bsokolovia pershinae.
Calceola collini^[3]	Sp. nov	In press	Wright, Plusquellec & Gourvennec	Devonian (Eifelian)	Saint-Fiacre Formation	France	An operculate coral belonging to the family Calceolidae; a species of Calceola.
Caninophyllum charli^[4]	Sp. nov	Valid	Denayer	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Yılanlı Formation	Turkey	A rugose coral belonging to the family Bothrophyllidae; a species of Caninophyllum.
Eosiderastrea^[5]	Gen. et comb. nov	In press	Löser	Cretaceous (late Valanginian to Santonian)		United States	A stony coral belonging to the family Siderastreidae; a new genus for the Cretaceous species formerly assigned to the extant genus Diploastrea. The type species is "Siderastrea" cuyleri Wells (1932)
Fungiaphyllia^[6]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Melnikova & Roniewicz	Early Jurassic		Afghanistan	A stony coral. The type species is Fungiaphyllia communis.
Gerviphyllum^[3]	Gen. et comb. nov	In press	Wright, Plusquellec & Gourvennec	Early Devonian (likely late Lochkovian to early Pragian)		France	An operculate coral belonging to the family Calceolidae; a new genus for "Calceola" gervillei Bayle (1878).
Guembelastraea dronovi^[6]	Sp. nov	In press	Melnikova & Roniewicz	Early Jurassic		Afghanistan	A stony coral, a species of Guembelastraea.
Oppelismilia spectabilis^[6]	Sp. nov	In press	Melnikova & Roniewicz	Early Jurassic		Afghanistan	A stony coral, a species of Oppelismilia.
Palaeosiderofungia^[5]	Gen. et comb. nov	In press	Löser	Cretaceous (Aptian to Santonian)		Austria Czech Republic France Romania Spain	A stony coral belonging to the family Siderastreidae; a new genus for "Thamnasteria" exigua Reuss (1854).
Parepismilia dolichostoma^[6]	Sp. nov	In press	Melnikova & Roniewicz	Early Jurassic		Afghanistan	A stony coral, a species of Parepismilia.
Parepismilia dronovi^[6]	Sp. nov	In press	Melnikova & Roniewicz	Early Jurassic		Afghanistan	A stony coral, a species of Parepismilia.
Potyphyllum^[7]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Coen-Aubert	Devonian (late Frasnian)		Belgium Czech Republic France Germany Poland Russia United Kingdom	A rugose coral belonging to the family Phillipsastreidae. The type species is "Cyathophyllum" ananas Goldfuss (1826); genus also includes "Pseudoacervularia" dybowskii Różkowska (1953), "Pseudoacervularia" intercellulosa (Phillips, 1841) sensu Pickett (1967), "Schlüteria" lyskovensis Ermakova (1957), "Acervularia" macrommata Roemer (1855), "Phillipsastrea" plantana Różkowska (1979), "Cyathophyllum" profundum Michelin (1845), "Phillipsastrea" rozkowskae Scrutton (1968), "Pseudoacervularia" cf. smithi (Różkowska, 1953) sensu Pickett (1967), "Phillipsastrea" ananas veserensis Coen-Aubert (1974) and "Phillipsastrea" zerda Galle, 1992 in Hladil et al. (1992).
Talfania^[8]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Peel & McDermott	Ordovician (Katian)	Sholeshook Limestone Formation	United Kingdom	A solitary coral. The type species is Talfania calicula.

Arthropods

Brachiopods

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Harperoides^[9]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Pragian)	Soda Creek Limestone	United States ( Alaska)	A member of Strophomenida belonging to the subfamily Mesodouvillininae. The type species is Harperoides alaskensis.
Kjaerina (Kjaerina) gondwanensis^[10]	Sp. nov	In press	Colmenar	Ordovician (late Sandbian–Katian)	Gabian Formation Glauzy Formation Louredo Formation Portixeddu Formation	France Italy Portugal	A rafinesquinid strophomenid brachiopod, a species of Kjaerina.
Kjaerina (Villasina)^[10]	Subgen. et 3 sp. et comb. nov	In press	Colmenar	Ordovician (Katian)	Cavá Formation Gabian Formation Portilla de Luna Limestones Portixeddu Formation Porto de Santa Anna Formation Punta Serpeddi Formation Rosan Formation	France Italy Portugal Spain	A rafinesquinid strophomenid brachiopod, a subgenus of Kjaerina. The type species of the subgenus is Kjaerina (Villasina) pedronaensis; the subgenus also contains "Hedstroemina" almadenensis Villas (1995), as well as new species Kjaerina (Villasina) meloui and Kjaerina (Villasina) pyrenaica.
Mesoleptostrophia belli^[11]	Sp. nov	In press	Earp	Early Devonian	Montys Hut Formation	Australia
Nasakia^[12]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Streng et al.	Cambrian	Henson Gletscher Formation	Greenland	A member of Rhynchonelliformea belonging to the class Obolellata and the order Naukatida. The type species is Nasakia thulensis.
Pedderia^[9]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Baranov & Blodgett	Devonian (Pragian)	Soda Creek Limestone	United States ( Alaska)	A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Pygmaellidae. The type species is Pedderia fragosa.
Rafinesquina (Mesogeina)^[10]	Subgen. et comb. et 2 sp. nov	In press	Colmenar	Ordovician (Katian)	Bohdalec Formation Fombuena Formation Gabian Formation Lower Ktaoua Formation Porto de Santa Anna Formation Upper Tiouririne Formation Zahorany Formation	Czech Republic France Germany Morocco Portugal Spain	A rafinesquinid strophomenid brachiopod, a subgenus of Rafinesquina. The type species of the subgenus is "Leptaena" pseudoloricata Barrande (1848); the subgenus also includes Rafinesquina pomoides Havlíček (1971), as well as new species Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) gabianensis and Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) loredensis.
Spinobolus^[13]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Zhang et al.	Cambrian	Shuijingtuo Formation	China	A linguloid brachiopod. The type species is Spinobolus popovi.
Tapongaspirifer^[11]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Earp	Early Devonian	Montys Hut Formation	Australia	A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Filispiriferidae. The type species is Tapongaspirifer melodiae.
Taungurungetes^[11]	Gen. et comb. nov	In press	Earp	Early Devonian	Montys Hut Formation Norton Gully Sandstone	Australia	A possible member of Devonochonetinae. The type species is "Chonetes" taggertyensis Gill (1945) from the Montys Hut Formation; genus also contains second, unnamed species from the Norton Gully Sandstone.
Thulatrypa^[14]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Huang et al.	Silurian		China Norway	An atrypoid brachiopod. The type species is Thulatrypa gregaria; genus also contains "Meifodia" orientalis Rong, Xu & Yang (1974).
Tomteluva^[12]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Streng et al.	Cambrian	Stephen Formation	Canada ( British Columbia)	A member of Rhynchonelliformea belonging to the class Obolellata and the order Naukatida. The type species is Tomteluva perturbata.

Molluscs

Echinoderms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Apsidocrinus doreckae^[15]	Sp. nov	Valid	Konieczyński, Pisera & Fózy	Early Cretaceous		Hungary	A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Apsidocrinus.
Arabicodiadema^[16]	Gen. et comb. et sp. nov	Valid	Abdelhamid, El Qot & Abdelghany	Cretaceous (Albian to Cenomanian)		Oman United Arab Emirates	A heterodiadematid sea urchin. The type species is "Trochodiadema" dhofarense Roman (1991); genus also includes new species Arabicodiadema alii.
Ateleocystites? lansae^[17]	Sp. nov	In press	McDermott & Paul	Ordovician (Katian)	Slade and Redhill Beds	United Kingdom	A mitrate belonging to the family Anomalocystitidae, possibly a species of Ateleocystites.
Loriolidiadema^[16]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Abdelhamid, El Qot & Abdelghany	Cretaceous (Aptian-Cenomanian)		Egypt Portugal Border region between Syria and Lebanon	A heterodiadematid sea urchin. The type species is "Pseudodiadema" libanoticum de Loriol (1887); genus also includes Loriolidiadema sculptile (de Loriol, 1887).
Mariania comaschicariae^[18]	Sp. nov	In press	Stara, Borghi & Kroh	Miocene (Aquitanian to early Burdigalian)	Nurallao Formation	Italy	A heart urchin belonging to the superfamily Spatangoidea, a species of Mariania.
Mariania stefaninii^[18]	Sp. nov	In press	Stara, Borghi & Kroh	Miocene (late Burdigalian to early Langhian)	Pantano Formation	Italy	A heart urchin belonging to the superfamily Spatangoidea, a species of Mariania.
Phyllocrinus bersekensis^[15]	Sp. nov	Valid	Konieczyński, Pisera & Fózy	Early Cretaceous		Hungary	A cyrtocrinid crinoid, a species of Phyllocrinus.

Conodonts

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Acodus zeballus^[19]	Sp. nov	In press	Voldman & Albanesi in Voldman et al.	Early Ordovician		Argentina
Gothodus vetus^[19]	Sp. nov	In press	Voldman & Albanesi in Voldman et al.	Early Ordovician		Argentina
Icriodus praealternatus ferus^[20]	Subsp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (Frasnian/Famennian boundary)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	A subspecies of Icriodus praealternatus.
Icriodus plurinodosus^[20]	Sp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (early Famennian)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	A species of Icriodus.
Icriodus stenoancylus junggarensis^[20]	Subsp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (early Famennian)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	A subspecies of Icriodus stenoancylus.
Idiognathodus lateralis^[21]	Sp. nov	In press	Hogancamp, Barrick & Strauss	Carboniferous (early Gzhelian)		China Russia Ukraine United States	A member of Ozarkodinida belonging to the family Idiognathodontidae, a species of Idiognathodus.
Neopolygnathus huijunae^[20]	Sp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (early Famennian)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	A species of Neopolygnathus.
Neospathodus planus^[22]	Sp. nov	In press	Chen et al.	Early Triassic		Slovenia
Platyvillosus corniger^[22]	Sp. nov	In press	Chen et al.	Early Triassic		Slovenia
“Polygnathus” pseudocommunis^[20]	Sp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Late Devonian (early Famennian)	Hongguleleng Formation	China	Possibly a species of Polygnathus.
Zentagnathus^[19]	Gen. et comb. nov	In press	Voldman & Albanesi in Voldman et al.	Early Ordovician		Argentina	A new genus for "Trapezognathus" primitivus Voldman, Albanesi & Zeballo in Voldman et al. (2013); genus also includes "Trapezognathus" argentinensis Rao et al. (1994)

Fishes

Amphibians

Temnospondyls

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Stanocephalosaurus amenasensis^[23]	Sp. nov	In press	Dahoumane et al.	Early-Middle Triassic	Zarzaïtine Series, Illizi Basin	Algeria	A mastodonsauroid temnospondyl, a species of Stanocephalosaurus.

Lissamphibians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Hyogobatrachus^[24]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Ikeda, Ota & Matsui	Early Cretaceous	Sasayama Group	Japan	A frog. The type species is Hyogobatrachus wadai.
Kiyatriton krasnolutskii^[25]	Sp. nov	In press	Skutschas	Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)	Itat Formation	Russia ( Krasnoyarsk Krai)	A salamander, a species of Kiyatriton.
Kuruleufenia^[26]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Gómez	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian)	Allen Formation	Argentina	A member of Pipidae. The type species is Kuruleufenia xenopoides.
Phosphotriton^[27]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Tissier, Rage, Boistel, Fernandez, Pollet, Garcia and Laurin	Eocene		France	A salamander. The type species is Phosphotriton sigei.
Prospea^[28]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chen et al.	Paleocene	Naranbulak Formation	Mongolia	A member of Scaphiopodidae. The type species is Prospea holoserisca.
Tambabatrachus^[24]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Ikeda, Ota & Matsui	Early Cretaceous	Sasayama Group	Japan	A frog. The type species is Tambabatrachus kawazu.

Lepidosaurs

Lizards

Research

New anatomical data on the Late Cretaceous lizard Slavoia darevskii is published by Tałanda (2016), who interprets it as a stem-amphisbaenian.^[29]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Janosikia^[30]	Gen. et comb. nov	In press	Čerňanský, Klembara & Smith	Early Miocene		Germany	A member of Lacertidae; a new genus for "Ophisaurus" ulmensis Gerhardt (1903).

Snakes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Rieppelophis^[31]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Scanferla, Smith & Schaal	Eocene	Messel pit	Germany	A member of Boidae. A new genus for "Messelophis" ermannorum Schaal & Baszio (2004).

Sauropterygians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Alexandronectes^[32]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Otero et al.	Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)	Conway Formation	New Zealand	An aristonectine elasmosaurid plesiosaur. The type species is Alexandronectes zealandiensis.
Kawanectes^[33]	Gen. et comb. nov	In press	O'Gorman	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian–early Maastrichtian)	Allen Formation	Argentina	An elasmosaurid plesiosaur. The type species is "Trinacromerum" lafquenianum Gasparini & Goñi (1985).

Turtles

Research

Fossils of Plesiochelys etalloni and Tropidemys langii, otherwise known from the Kimmeridgian of the Swiss and French Jura Mountains, are described from the British Kimmeridge Clay by Anquetin & Chapman (2016).^[34]

Archosauriformes

Pseudosuchians

Research

New fossil material from the Triassic (Ladinian or earliest Carnian) Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence of the Santa Maria Supersequence in Brazil attributed to the rauisuchian species Prestosuchus chiniquensis is described by Lacerda et al. (2016).^[35]
Description of postcranial skeletons of three specimens of the sphagesaurid Caipirasuchus (representing Caipirasuchus montealtensis, Caipirasuchus paulistanus and Caipirasuchus sp.) is published by Iori, Carvalho & Marinho (2016).^[36]
Fossils of the dyrosaurid crocodylomorph Hyposaurus are described from the Late Cretaceous Shendi Formation of Sudan by Salih et al. (2016).^[37]
The first unambiguous Middle Jurassic atoposaurid fossil (a dentary from the Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom, referred to Theriosuchus sp.) is described by Young et al. (2016).^[38]
New fossil material of Allodaposuchus precedens is described from the Late Cretaceous of France by Martin et al. (2016).^[39]
Fossil mekosuchine vertebrae, tentatively assigned to Mekosuchus whitehunterensis, are described from Riversleigh (Australia) by Stein, Archer & Hand (2016), who interpret them as confirming that even adult specimens of this species were smaller in snout-vent length than adults of extant small crocodilian species belonging to the genera Paleosuchus and Osteolaemus, and indicating that this species employed feeding behaviours that were unusual for crocodilians.^[40]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Bayomesasuchus^[41]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Barrios, Paulina-Carabajal & Bona	Late Cretaceous	Cerro Lisandro Formation	Argentina	A peirosaurid crocodyliform. The type species is Bayomesasuchus hernandezi.
Llanosuchus^[42]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Fiorelli et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian?)	Los Llanos Formation	Argentina	A notosuchian crocodyliform. The type species is Llanosuchus tamaensis.
Machimosaurus rex^[43]	Sp. nov	In press	Fanti et al.	Early Cretaceous		Tunisia	A teleosaurid crocodylomorph, a species of Machimosaurus.
Patagosuchus^[44]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Lio et al.	Late Cretaceous (Turonian–Coniacian)	Portezuelo Formation	Argentina	A peirosaurid crocodylomorph. The type species is Patagosuchus anielensis.
Scutarx^[45]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Parker	Late Triassic (middle Norian)	Chinle Formation Cooper Canyon Formation	United States ( Arizona, Texas)	An aetosaur. The type species is Scutarx deltatylus.

Basal dinosauromorphs

Research

Marsicano et al. (2016) date the Chañares Formation, containing fossils of non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs Lagerpeton, Lewisuchus, Marasuchus and Pseudolagosuchus, to early Carnian (236–234 Ma), 5–10 million years younger than previously thought. On this basis the authors postulate that the origin of dinosaurs was a relatively rapid event, as the transition from vertebrate communities containing only non-dinosaurian dinosauromorphs to communities containing the first dinosaurs occurred in less than a 5-million year interval.^[46]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Dromomeron gigas^[47]	Sp. nov	Valid	Martínez et al.	Late Triassic (Norian)	Quebrada del Barro Formation	Argentina	A lagerpetid dinosauromorph, a species of Dromomeron.

Non-avian dinosaurs

Research

Six isolated spinosaurid quadrates, most likely coming from the Kem Kem Beds, are described by Hendrickx, Mateus & Buffetaut (2016), who interpret the differences in their anatomy as confirming the presence of two spinosaurine taxa in the Cenomanian of North Africa, rather than only one (Spinosaurus aegyptiacus).^[48]
A study of the phylogenetic relationships of tyrannosauroid theropods is published by Brusatte and Carr (2016).^[49]
New specimens of Elmisaurus rarus are described from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia by Currie, Funston & Osmólska (2016).^[50]
New specimens of Leptorhynchos elegans and Leptorhynchos sp. are described from the Late Cretaceous of Canada by Funston, Currie & Burns (2016).^[51]
Isolated teeth of large-bodied iguanodontians are described from the Early Cretaceous (Albian) of Tunisia by Fanti et al. (2016).^[52]
A study of the frill bones of Protoceratops andrewsi, indicating that its frill increased in length and width during the ontogeny of the animal and that the growth of the frill was greater than the overall growth of the animal, is published by Hone, Wood & Knell (2016), who interpret these findings as indicating that Protoceratops most likely used its frill for sexual and social dominance signaling.^[53]
A revision of the species assigned to the genus Chasmosaurus is published by Campbell et al. (2016).^[54]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Alcovasaurus^[55]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Galton & Carpenter	Late Jurassic	Morrison Formation	United States ( Wyoming)	A stegosaur; a new genus for "Stegosaurus" longispinus Gilmore (1914). This species was previously made the type species of the new genus Natronasaurus by Ulansky (2014); however, Galton & Carpenter (2016) claim it did not meet the requirements of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.^[55]
Datonglong^[56]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Xu et al.	Late Cretaceous	Huiquanpu Formation	China	A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid ornithopod. The type species is Datonglong tianzhenensis.
Dracoraptor^[57]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martill et al.	Early Jurassic (Hettangian)	Blue Lias Formation	United Kingdom	A basal member of Neotheropoda. The type species is Dracoraptor hanigani.
Eotrachodon^[58]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Prieto-Marquez, Erickson & Ebersole	Late Cretaceous (latest Santonian)		United States ( Alabama)	A hadrosaurid ornithopod. The type species is Eotrachodon orientalis.
Meroktenos^[59]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Peyre de Fabrègues & Allain	Late Triassic	Lower Elliot Formation	Lesotho	A non-sauropod sauropodomorph. The type species is "Melanorosaurus" thabanensis Gauffre (1993).
Morrosaurus^[60]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Rozadilla et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	López de Bertodano Formation	Antarctica	An iguanodontian ornithopod. The type species is Morrosaurus antarcticus.
Notocolossus^[61]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	González Riga et al.	Late Cretaceous (late Coniacian–early Santonian)	Plottier Formation	Argentina	A titanosaur sauropod. The type species is Notocolossus gonzalezparejasi.
Tototlmimus^[62]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Serrano-Brañas et al.	Late Cretaceous	Packard Shale Formation	Mexico	An ornithomimid theropod. The type species is Tototlmimus packardensis.
Viavenator^[63]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Filippi et al.	Late Cretaceous (Santonian)	Bajo de la Carpa Formation	Argentina	A brachyrostran abelisaurid theropod. The type species is Viavenator exxoni.
Zuoyunlong^[64]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Zhumapu Formation	China	A basal member of Hadrosauroidea. The type species is Zuoyunlong huangi.

Birds

Research

A new specimen of the Early Cretaceous species Archaeorhynchus spathula is described by Wang and Zhou (2016).^[65]
A specimen of Hesperornis with a healed wound is described from the Late Cretaceous Pierre Shale (South Dakota, United States) by Martin, Rothschild & Burnham (2016), who interpret the wound as caused by an unsuccessful attack of a polycotylid plesiosaur.^[66]
Zelenkov, Boev & Lazaridis (2016) reinterpret Otis hellenica from the Miocene of Greece, originally thought to be a bustard, as a member of Gruiformes belonging to the family Eogruidae and the subfamily Ergilornithinae; the authors classify it as a possible member of the genus Amphipelargus of uncertain specific assignment ("?Amphipelargus sp.").^[67]
Zelenkov, Volkova and Gorobets (2016) describe buttonquail fossils from the late Miocene of Hungary, southern Ukraine and northern Kazakhstan, and transfer the species Calidris janossyi Kessler (2009) to the genus Ortyxelos.^[68]
Agnolin, Tomassini and Contreras (2016) describe a distal end of tarsometatarsus from the late Miocene levels of the Loma de Las Tapias Formation (San Juan Province, Argentina), identified as the oldest seedsnipe fossil discovered so far.^[69]
Body mass estimates for 25 extinct pan-alcids and a study of body mass evolution in Pan-Alcidae are published by Smith (2016).^[70]
A study of eggshell fragments from the Pleistocene of Australia putatively referred to Genyornis newtoni is published by Grellet-Tinner, Spooner & Worthy (2016), who argue that these fossils are more likely to be remains of eggs laid by megapodes. Based on the similarities in the structure of eggshells of megapodes and dromornithids, the authors also hypothezise that dromornithids might be a sister group to galliforms rather than to or within anseriforms.^[71]
A study of burnt putative Genyornis eggshell fragments from the Pleistocene of Australia is published by Miller et al. (2016), who interpret them as confirming that eggs of Genyornis newtoni were harvested by humans.^[72]
Gastornithid and presbyornithid fossils are described from the early Eocene of Ellesmere Island (Canada) by Stidham & Eberle (2016).^[73]
A new tracksite with bird footprints (attributed to the ichnospecies Uvaichnites riojana), preserved in the early Miocene Lerín Formation (Bardenas Reales de Navarra Natural Park, Navarre, Spain), is described by Díaz-Martínez et al. (2016).^[74]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Antarctoboenus ^[75]	Gen. et sp. nov.	In press	Cenizo, Noriega & Reguero	Early Eocene	La Meseta Formation	Antarctica (Seymour Island)	A stem-falconid. The type species is Antarctoboenus carlinii.
Bellulia ^[76]	Gen. et sp. nov	Junior homonym	Wang, Zhou & Zhou	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A basal member of Ornithuromorpha. The type species is Bellulia rectusunguis. The generic name is preoccupied by Bellulia Fibiger (2008).
Chiappeavis ^[77]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	O’Connor et al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member of Enantiornithes, probably belonging to the family Pengornithidae. The type species is Chiappeavis magnapremaxillo.
Chongmingia ^[78]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Wang et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member of Avialae of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a member of Avebrevicauda that didn't belong to Omnivoropterygidae, Confuciusornithidae or Ornithothoraces, or one of the basalmost known avialans, more closely related to Jeholornis and Euavialae than Archaeopteryx was. The type species is Chongmingia zhengi.
Daphoenositta trevorworthyi ^[79]	Sp. nov	Valid	Nguyen	Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area	Australia	A sittella (a member of the family Neosittidae), a species of Daphoenositta.
Dingavis ^[80]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[81]	O'Connor, Wang & Hu	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A basal member of Ornithuromorpha. The type species is Dingavis longimaxilla.
Galligeranoides ^[82]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Bourdon, Mourer-Chauviré, & Laurent	Eocene (middle Ypresian)		France	A member of the family Geranoididae. The type species is G. boriensis.
Linyiornis ^[83]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Wang et al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member of Enantiornithes. The type species is Linyiornis amoena.

Pterosaurs

Research

New information on the braincase anatomy of Pterodaustro guinazui is published by Codorniú, Paulina-Carabajal & Gianechini (2016).^[84]

Other reptiles

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Langeronyx^[85]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Ezcurra, Montefeltro & Butler	Middle Triassic (Anisian)	Bromsgrove Sandstone Formation	United Kingdom	A rhynchosaur; a new genus for "Rhynchosaurus" brodiei Benton (1990).

Synapsids

Non-mammalian synapsids

Research

A revision of the systematics of the gorgonopsian subfamily Rubidgeinae is published by Kammerer (2016).^[86]

Non-eutherian mammals

Research

A partial mandible of the amphitheriid Palaeoxonodon ooliticus, previously known only from isolated teeth, is described from the Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) Kilmaluag Formation (Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom) by Close et al. (2016).^[87]

New taxa

Metatherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Kutjamarcoot^[88]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Chamberlain et al.	Early Miocene	Wipajiri Formation	Australia	A bandicoot. The type species is Kutjamarcoot brevirostrum.
Minusculodelphis modicum^[89]	Sp. nov	Valid	Oliveira, Zimicz & Goin	Itaboraian	Itaboraí Quarry	Brazil	A member of Jaskhadelphyidae, a species of Minusculodelphis.

Eutherian mammals

Research

A study of the phylogenetic relationships of the Paleocene placental mammals is published by Halliday, Upchurch and Goswami (2016).^[90]
New fossil material of the Pleistocene wildebeest-like bovid Rusingoryx atopocranion is described from the Rusinga Island (Kenya) by O’Brien et al. (2016), who note the presence of large, hollow, bony nasal crests in this mammal, similar to crests present in hadrosaurid dinosaurs.^[91]
A revision of the systematics of the North American members of Nimravidae is published by Barrett (2016).^[92]
Virtual cranial endocasts of the Eocene rodents Paramys copei and Paramys delicatus are described by Bertrand, Amador-Mughal and Silcox (2016).^[93]
Fossils of the probable relative of the gorillas, Chororapithecus abyssinicus, are dated to ~8.0 Myr by Katoh et al. (2016).^[94]

New taxa

Afrotherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Location	Notes
Prototherium ausetanum^[95]	Sp. nov	In press	Balaguer & Alba	Eocene	Spain	A member of Dugongidae, a species of Prototherium.
Sinomammut^[96]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mothé et al.	Late Miocene	China	A member of Mammutidae. The type species is Sinomammut tobieni.
Sinomastodon praeintermedius^[97]	Sp. nov	In press	Wang et al.	Late Miocene	China	A gomphothere, a species of Sinomastodon.

Odd-toed ungulates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Hipparion philippus^[98]	Sp. nov	In press	Koufos & Vlachou	Miocene (Turolian)		Greece	A member of Equidae, a species of Hipparion.
Hipparion sithonis^[98]	Sp. nov	In press	Koufos & Vlachou	Miocene (Turolian)		Greece	A member of Equidae, a species of Hipparion.

Even-toed ungulates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Diplobunops kardoula^[99]	Sp. nov	Valid	Emery, Davis & Hopkins	Eocene (Duchesnean)		United States ( Oregon)	An agriochoerid oreodont, a species of Diplobunops.
Magwetherium^[100]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Ducrocq et al.	Eocene	Pondaung Formation	Myanmar	A diacodexeid dichobunoid. The type species is Magwetherium burmense.
Megaloceros stavropolensis^[101]	Sp. nov	Valid	Titov & Shvyreva	Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian)		Russia ( Stavropol Krai)	A species of Megaloceros.
Prolibytherium fusus^[102]	Sp. nov	In press	Danowitz, Domalski & Solounias	Early Miocene		Pakistan	A member of Ruminantia, a species of Prolibytherium.

Cetaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Mesoplodon posti^[103]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lambert & Louwye	Pliocene (Zanclean)		Belgium	A mesoplodont whale.
Metopocetus hunteri^[104]	Sp. nov	Valid	Marx, Bosselaers & Louwye	Miocene (late Tortonian)	Breda Formation	Netherlands	A member of Cetotheriidae, a species of Metopocetus.

Carnivorans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Actiocyon parverratis^[105]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation	United States ( Nevada)	A simocyonine ailurid (a relative of the red panda), a species of Actiocyon.
Alagtsavbaatar^[106]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Egi et al.	Late Eocene	Ergilin Dzo Formation	Mongolia	A member of Feliformia. The type species is "Stenoplesictis" indigenus Dashzeveg (1996).
Brevimalictis^[105]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation	United States ( Nevada)	A member of Mustelidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Brevimalictis chikasha.
Lutraeximia^[107]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cherin et al.	Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian)		Italy	An otter. The type species is Lutraeximia umbra.
Megantereon microta^[108]	Sp. nov	In press	Zhu et al.	Early Pleistocene		China	A machairodontine felid, a species of Megantereon.
Negodiaetictis^[105]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation	United States ( Nevada)	A member of Mustelidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Negodiaetictis rugatrulleum.

Rodents

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Brachyscirtetes tomidai^[109]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li	Late Miocene		China	A member of Dipodidae, a species of Brachyscirtetes.
Gliruloides^[110]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	In press	Wu et al.	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Junggar Basin	China Turkey	A dormouse related to the forest dormouse. The type species is Gliruloides zhoui; genus also includes "Vasseuromys" duplex Ünay (1994).
Megacricetodon hellenicus^[111]	Sp. nov	Valid	Oliver & Peláez-Campomanes	Early Miocene		Greece	A cricetid rodent, a species of Megacricetodon.
Mimomys chandolensis^[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tiunov, Golenishchev & Voyta	Late Pleistocene		Russia ( Primorsky Krai)	An arvicoline cricetid, a species of Mimomys.
Minocastor^[113]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff	Early Miocene	Nakamura Formation	Japan	A member of Castoridae. The type species is Minocastor godai.
Myocricetodon tomidai^[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Early Miocene	Chitarwata Formation Vihowa Formation	Pakistan	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Myocricetodon.
Paciculus walshi^[115]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay et al.	Oligocene	Otay Formation	United States ( California)	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Paciculus.
Potamarchus adamiae^[116]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kerber et al.	Late Miocene	Solimões Formation	Brazil	A potamarchine dinomyid, a species of Potamarchus.
Potwarmus mahmoodi^[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Early Miocene	Vihowa Formation	Pakistan	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Potwarmus.
Primus cheemai^[114]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Late Oligocene to Early Miocene	Chitarwata Formation Vihowa Formation	Pakistan	A member of Cricetidae, a species of Primus.
Pseudopotamarchus^[116]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Kerber et al.	Late Miocene	Solimões Formation	Brazil	A potamarchine dinomyid. The type species is Pseudopotamarchus villanuevai.

Primates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Apidium zuetina^[117]	Sp. nov	Valid	Beard et al.	Early Oligocene		Libya	A species of Apidium.
Semnopithecus gwebinensis^[118]	Sp. nov	Valid	Takai et al.	Late Pliocene		Myanmar	A gray langur.

Other eutherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Amphilagus tomidai^[119]	Sp. nov	Valid	Erbajeva, Angelone & Alexeeva	Miocene		Russia ( Irkutsk Oblast)	A lagomorph, a species of Amphilagus.
Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) amenhotepos^[120]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell et al.	Miocene		Egypt	A roundleaf bat.
Ounalashkastylus^[121]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chiba et al.	Miocene		United States ( Alaska)	A desmostylian. The type species is Ounalashkastylus tomidai.
Ptilocercus kylin^[122]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li & Ni	Earliest Oligocene	Lijiawa Mammalian Fossil locality	China	A treeshrew related to the pen-tailed treeshrew.
Rzebikia^[123]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Sansalone, Kotsakis & Piras	Pliocene to Pleistocene (Villanyian)		Bulgaria Poland	A relative of the American shrew mole. A new genus for "Neurotrichus" polonicus Skoczeń (1980) and "Neurotrichus" skoczeni Zijlstra (2010).
Sanshuilophus^[124]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Mao et al.	Early Eocene	Huayong Formation	China	A member of Phenacolophidae (a group of archaic ungulate mammals of uncertain phylogenetic placement). The type species is Sanshuilophus zhaoi.

Other animals

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Annulitubus^[125]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Vinn et al.	Devonian (late Emsian)	Ponta Grossa Formation	Brazil	An annelid, possibly a polychaete. The type species is Annulitubus mutveii.
Bolidium bertii^[126]	Sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Bolidium.
Camerospongia tuberculata^[126]	Sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Camerospongia.
Camerospongia visentinae^[126]	Sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Camerospongia.
Cavispongia scarpai^[126]	Sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Cavispongia.
Corallistes multiosculata^[126]	Sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Corallistes.
Coronispongia^[126]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge. The type species is Coronispongia confossa.
Hexactinella clampensis^[126]	Sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Hexactinella.
Ottoia guizhouensis^[128]	Sp. nov	In press	Yang, Zhao & Zhang	Cambrian	Kaili Formation	China	A stem-group priapulid, a species of Ottoia.
Rigonia^[126]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge. The type species is Rigonia plicata.
Sarmentofascis zamparelliae^[129]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schlagintweit, Frijia & Parente	Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Sarmentofascis.
Stauractinella eocenica^[126]	Sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Stauractinella.
Toulminia italica^[126]	Sp. nov	Valid^[127]	Frisone, Pisera & Preto	Eocene (early Lutetian)		Italy	A sponge, a species of Toulminia.
Wronascolex geyiensis^[130]	Sp. nov	In press	Peng et al.	Cambrian		China	A palaeoscolecid worm, a species of Wronascolex.

Other organisms

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Bianchina^[131]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Schiøler	Cretaceous (late Aptian–middle Cenomanian)	East Coast Basin	New Zealand	A dinoflagellate. The type species is Bianchina hieroglyphica.
Eohalothece^[132]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Strother & Wellman	Precambrian	Cailleach Head Formation Diabaig Formation Kinloch Formation Nonesuch Formation	United Kingdom United States ( Michigan)	A member of Cyanobacteria belonging to the family Chroococcaceae. The type species is Eohalothece lacustrina.
Perissothallus dekovensis^[133]	Sp. nov	In press	Pšenička & Krings	Carboniferous (Gzhelian)	Slaný Formation	Czech Republic	An alga of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Perissothallus.
Trewinomyces^[134]	Gen. et sp. nov	In press	Krings, Taylor & Martin	Early Devonian	Rhynie chert	United Kingdom	A fungus of uncertain phylogenetic placement, showing similarities to members of the genera Macrochytrium (Chytridiomycota) and Blastocladiella (Blastocladiomycota). The type species is Trewinomyces annulifer.

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[52] Federico Fanti, Andrea Cau, Lukas Panzarin and Luigi Cantelli (2016). "Evidence of iguanodontian dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of Tunisia". Cretaceous Research. 60: 267–274. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2015.12.008.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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[56] Shi-Chao Xu, Hai-Lu You, Jia-Wei Wang, Suo-Zhu Wang, Jian Yi and Lei Yia (2016). "A new hadrosauroid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, China". Vertebrata PalAsiatica. in press.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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[66] Larry D. Martin, Bruce M. Rothschild and David A. Burnham (2016). "Hesperornis escapes plesiosaur attack". Cretaceous Research. in press. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2016.02.005.

[67] Nikita Zelenkov, Zlatozar Boev and Georgios Lazaridis (2016). "A large ergilornithine (Aves, Gruiformes) from the Late Miocene of the Balkan Peninsula". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. in press. doi:10.1007/s12542-015-0279-z.

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@@ Line 931: / Line 931: @@
 |
 A [[frog]]. The type species is ''Hyogobatrachus wadai''.
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+''[[Kiyatriton|Kiyatriton krasnolutskii]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Pavel P. Skutschas |year=2016 |title=A new crown-group salamander from the Middle Jurassic of Western Siberia, Russia |journal=Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments |volume=in press |issue= |pages= |doi=10.1007/s12549-015-0216-x }}</ref>
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+Sp. nov
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+In press
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+Skutschas
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+Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)
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+[[Itat Formation]]
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+{{Flag|Russia}}<br>({{Flag|Krasnoyarsk Krai}})
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+A [[salamander]], a species of ''Kiyatriton''.
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