British Rail Class 08

British Rail Class 08
08 801 at Penzance station in 1990
Type and origin Power type Diesel-electric Builder British Railways: Crewe Works Darlington Works Derby Works Doncaster Works Horwich Works Build date 1952–1962 Total produced 996
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 0-6-0  • UIC C Wheel diameter 4 ft 6 in (1.372 m) Wheelbase 11 ft 6 in (3.505 m) Length 29 ft 3 in (8.92 m) Width 8 ft 6 in (2.591 m) Height 12 ft 8+5⁄8 in (3.877 m) 11 ft 9+5⁄8 in (3.597 m) (08/9) Loco weight 49 long tons (49.8 t; 54.9 short tons) to 51 long tons (51.8 t; 57.1 short tons) Fuel capacity 668 imp gal (3,040 L; 802 US gal) Prime mover English Electric 6KT Generator DC Traction motors DC English Electric 506, 2 off Transmission Diesel-electric transmission, double reduction gearing MU working Not originally fitted, some retrofitted with type ★ Blue Star Train heating None Train brakes Vacuum, later Air & Vacuum or Air only
Performance figures Maximum speed 15 mph (24 km/h) or 20 mph (32 km/h) Power output Engine: 350 hp (261 kW) Tractive effort Maximum: 35,000 lbf (160 kN) Brakeforce 19 long tons-force (190 kN)
Career Operators British Railways InterCity Network SouthEast Rail Express Systems Freightliner Eurostar DB Cargo UK GNER National Express East Coast East Coast Virgin Trains East Coast LNER Midland Mainline East Midlands Trains East Midlands Railway Arriva Rail North Northern Trains Harry Needle Railroad Company Foster Yeoman Mendip Rail Numbers 13000–13116, 13127–13136, 13167–13365; later: D3000–D3116, D3127–D3136, D3167-D3365 (renumbered from above), D3366–D3438, D3454–D3472, D3503–D3611, D3652–D3664, D3672–D3718, D3722–D4048, D4095–D4098, D4115–D4192; later 08 001–08 958 Axle load class Route availability 5 or 6 (see text) Withdrawn 1967–present Disposition 82 preserved 10 converted to Class 09s 6 converted to Class 13s 5 exported to Liberia 100 in service Remainder scrapped

The British Rail Class 08 is a class of diesel-electric shunting locomotive built by British Railways (BR). As the standard BR general-purpose diesel shunter, the class became a familiar sight at major stations and freight yards. Since their introduction in 1952, however, the nature of rail traffic in Britain has changed considerably. Freight trains are now mostly fixed rakes of wagons, and passenger trains are mostly multiple units or have Driving Van Trailers, neither requiring the attention of a shunting locomotive. Consequently, a large proportion of the class has been withdrawn from mainline use and stored, scrapped, exported or sold to industrial or heritage railways.

As of 2020, around 100 locomotives remained working on industrial sidings and on the main British network. On heritage railways, they have become common, appearing on many of the preserved standard-gauge lines in Britain, with over 70 preserved, including the first one built.

History

08 032 at Foster Yeoman's Torr Works, 2008

The Class 08 design was based on the LMS 12033 series (later TOPS Class 11) design. There were also 26 of the near-identical but higher-geared Class 09, and 171 similar locomotives fitted with different engines and transmissions (some of which became Class 10), which together brought the total number of outwardly-similar machines to 1,193.

The pioneer locomotive, number 13000, was built in 1952 although it did not enter service until 1953. Production continued until 1962 with 996 locomotives produced, making it the most numerous of any British shunting locomotive class, and indeed, the most numerous of any British locomotive class overall.

The locomotives were built at the BR's Crewe, Darlington, Derby, Doncaster and Horwich works.

In 1985, three locomotives were reduced in height for use on the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway in southwest Wales, and became Class 08/9. The remainder of the class were reclassified as sub-class 08/0. A further two were converted to 08/9s in 1987.

The first locomotive to be withdrawn was D3193 in 1967. Four other machines were withdrawn before TOPS reclassification in 1973. Withdrawals continued in subsequent decades until by the beginning of the 1990s most of the class had been withdrawn. As part of the privatisation of British Rail in the mid-1990s most of the survivors passed to EWS with some going to passenger operators for use as depot shunters. At the same time as the withdrawals, many were purchased by heritage railways.

In mid-2008, EWS had over 40 class 08s in operation, with a greater number stored. Freightliner also had about five in operation, as did the locomotive company Wabtec. FirstGroup operated fewer than five; additionally, some work at industrial sidings – two for Foster Yeoman, one for Mendip Rail, one for Corus, one at ICI Wilton, two for English China Clays, amongst others. A few other businesses in the rail industry operated single examples.

Exported locomotives

Sixteen English Electric 0-6-0DE 350 hp locomotives, based on the Class 11/Class 08 design but modified for 1,600 mm (5 ft 3 in) gauge, were built new and exported 1951–53 to Australia, entering service on the Victorian Railways as the F class.

Five Class 08s were exported to Liberia, numbers 3047, 3092, 3094, 3098 and 3100. All five locos remain in Liberia and have been considerably robbed of parts in the intervening years.

In 2007, 08 738 and 08 939 were equipped for multiple operation at Toton TMD and repainted in Euro Cargo Rail livery before being sent to France in April 2009.

Operations

08 509 in Rail Blue livery at Chesterfield Goods Yard

As the standard general-purpose diesel shunter on BR, almost any duty requiring shunting would involve a Class 08; thus the many locations where two portions of a train were merged, or where additional stock was added to a train, were hauled (briefly) by a Class 08, thus the class was a familiar sight at many major stations and terminals.

Technical description

The Class 08 design was based on the LMS 12033 series (later TOPS Class 11) design.

The engine is an English Electric (EE) 6 cylinder, 4-stroke, 6KT. Traction motors are two EE 506 motors with double reduction gear drive. The main generator is an EE 801.

Design variations

There were variations on the basic design, which were given the following TOPS design codes:

TOPS design code	Electrical system	Max speed	Weight	Brakes	Route availability	Notes
08-0AV	90 V	20 mph (32 km/h)	49.8 long tons (50.6 t; 55.8 short tons)	vacuum	5
08-0BX	110 V		50.4 long tons (51.2 t; 56.4 short tons)	dual
08-0CA	90 V		49.6 long tons (50.4 t; 55.6 short tons)	air
08-0DV		15 mph (24 km/h)	49.8 long tons (50.6 t; 55.8 short tons)	vacuum
08-0BX			50.4 long tons (51.2 t; 56.4 short tons)	dual
08-0FA			49.6 long tons (50.4 t; 55.6 short tons)	air
08-0KX	110 V		50.4 long tons (51.2 t; 56.4 short tons)	dual
08-0LX						Scharfenberg coupler adapter fitted
08-0MA			49.8 long tons (50.6 t; 55.8 short tons)	air
08-0NA	90 V					fitted with Buckeye couplings
08-0PA			51.0 long tons (51.8 t; 57.1 short tons)		6
08-0QA
08-0RA	110 V
08-0SA			49.0 long tons (49.8 t; 54.9 short tons)

Class 08/9

08 266 (left) alongside cut-down 08 993 (right) at the Keighley & Worth Valley Railway in 2017, showing the lower height of the 08/9 subclass.

Class 08/9 locomotives were modified from the standard class by being given headlights and cut-down bodywork in which the overall height was reduced to 11’ 10" (3.61 m), for use on the Burry Port and Gwendraeth Valley Railway up to Cwm Mawr. In 2007, three were used on infrastructure trains on the Manchester Metrolink.

TOPS design code	Electrical system	Max speed	Weight	Brakes	Notes
08-9AV	90 V	15 mph (24 km/h)	49.8 long tons (50.6 t; 55.8 short tons)	vacuum brakes	08 991 converted from 08 203 08 992 converted from 08 259
08-9CX			50.4 long tons (51.2 t; 56.4 short tons)	dual brakes	08 993 converted from 08 592
08-9DA			49.6 long tons (50.4 t; 55.6 short tons)	air brakes	08 994 converted from 08 462 08 995 converted from 08 687

BR Class 13

Main article: British Rail Class 13

Six Class 08 units were adapted for a specialist role at Tinsley Marshalling Yard, where there was a requirement for more powerful shunters. These locomotives were permanently coupled together in pairs as a 'master and slave' (or 'cow and calf'), the slave unit with its cab removed and reclassified as the Class 13. All have since been scrapped.

Fleet

Numbers	Operators	Number operated	Comments
08 571, 08 596, 08 615, 08 788	Wabtec	4	08 788 on long-term lease to Abellio Scotrail
08 389, 08 428, 08 500, 08 578, 08 623, 08 653, 08 706, 08 714, 08 630, 08 802, 08 804, 08 865, 08 879, 08 904, 08 905, 08 924, 08 943, 08 994	Harry Needle Railroad Company	18 (10 stored)	08 428, 500, 578, 653, 706, 714, 802, 804, 865, 879, stored
08 525, 08 690, 08 908, 08 950	East Midlands Railway	4
08 530, 08 531, 08 575, 08 585, 08 624, 08 691, 08 764, 08 785, 08 891	Freightliner	9 (1 stored)	08 575 stored
08 948	Eurostar	1
08 641, 08 644, 08 645 "St Piran", 08 822, 08 836	Great Western Railway	5
08 616, 08 805	West Midlands Trains	2	Both are rarely used
08 417	Network Rail	1
08 788	Abellio ScotRail	1	on long-term lease from Wabtec
08 451, 08 454, 08 611, 08 696, 08 721, 08 790, 08 887	Alstom	7
08 418, 08 485, 08 678	West Coast Railways	3
08 682	Derby Litchurch Lane Works	1
08 220, 08 405, 08 441, 08 484, 08 511, 08 593, 08 580, 08 632, 08 683, 08 703, 08 709, 08 752	Rail Support Services	12	08 703 was named Jermaine in September 2021 and will operate at Willesden Logistics Hub.
08 737	Locomotive Services Limited	1
08 567	Arlington Fleet Services	1
08 410	A V Dawson	1
08 735	Arriva Traincare	1
08 649; unknown	Meteor Power Ltd	2	08 649 under conversion to an experimental low-energy battery-hybrid locomotive; other locomotive to be used as a 'control' during testing
08 308, 08 423, 08 523, 08 573, 08 588, 08 613, 08 622, 08 648, 08 754, 08 756, 08 762, 08 788, 08 809, 08 847, 08 871, 08 874, 08 885, 08 936	Rail Management Services	18
08 870	Eastern Rail Services	1
08 359, 08 888	The Diesel Electric Shunter Company	2

Preservation

08 915 at the North Tyneside Steam Railway

Main article: List of preserved British Rail Class 08 locomotives

Continuing in its designed-for role as a shunter, the Class 08 has been found useful by numerous heritage railways in the UK. With over 70 examples preserved, they are the second most numerous class of preserved locomotive in the UK.

Models

Several manufacturers have produced models of Class 08 shunters. In OO scale, Wrenn, Tri-ang, Hornby Railways and Bachmann Branchline all produced models. Lima also produced a model in several different liveries, but it was of the near-identical Class 09.

Since 2000, both Bachmann Branchline and Hornby have released much more detailed models, in a variety of liveries and with a variety of appropriate detail variations.

In British N Gauge, Graham Farish produced a relatively crude all-metal version, made in England, lacking outside frames and with a too-wide bonnet that was discontinued in 2007. A more detailed version with outside frames and a scale-width diecast bonnet was unveiled 2008 under the brand Graham Farish by Bachmann following the sale of the company.

Further reading

• Lund, E (1980). To the last drop. Chesterfield: Longden technical Publications. ISBN 0-9507063-0-2.
• Vehicle Diagram Book No. 120 for Shunting Diesel Locomotives (PDF). Derby: British Railways Board. April 1974. 08-a, 08-b, 08-c, 08-d, 08-e, 08-f, 08-0k, 08-9d. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• Williams, Alan; Percival, David (1977). British Railways Locomotives and Multiple Units including Preserved Locomotives 1977. Shepperton: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7110-0751-2. OL 15153791M. Wikidata Q105978228.
• "D3002 saved". Rail Enthusiast. EMAP National Publications. September 1982. p. 58. ISSN 0262-561X. OCLC 49957965.
• Cooper, Basil (March 1983). "What's in an 08?". Rail Enthusiast. EMAP National Publications. pp. 12–13. ISSN 0262-561X. OCLC 49957965.

External links

• Restoration work on Class 08 – 08220