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1950 FIFA World Cup

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1950 FIFA World Cup
IV Campeonato Mundial de Futebol[1]
Brasil 1950
Official poster
Tournament details
Host countryBrazil
Dates24 June – 16 July
Teams13 (from 3 confederations)
Venue(s)6 (in 6 host cities)
Final positions
Champions Uruguay (2nd title)
Runners-up Brazil
Third place Sweden
Fourth place Spain
Tournament statistics
Matches played22
Goals scored88 (4 per match)
Attendance1,045,246 (47,511 per match)
Top scorer(s)Brazil Ademir (9 goals)
← 1938
1954 →

The 1950 FIFA World Cup was the 4th edition of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football championship for senior men's national teams. It was held in Brazil from 24 June to 16 July 1950. It was the first World Cup tournament in over twelve years, as the 1942 and 1946 World Cups were cancelled due to World War II. Italy, the two-time defending champions, were eliminated in the first round for the first time in history. Uruguay, who had won the inaugural competition in 1930, defeated the host nation, Brazil, in the deciding match of the four-team group of the final round, causing what is sometimes known as one of the biggest upsets in sports history, occasionally called the Maracanaço. This was the only tournament not decided by a one-match final. It was also the inaugural tournament where the trophy was referred to as the Jules Rimet Cup, to mark the 25th anniversary of Jules Rimet's presidency of FIFA.

Host selection

[edit]
Main article: FIFA World Cup hosts

Because of World War II, the World Cup had not been staged since 1938; the planned World Cups of 1942 and 1946 were both cancelled. After the war, FIFA were keen to resurrect the competition as soon as possible, and they began making plans for a World Cup tournament to take place. In the aftermath of the war, much of Europe lay in ruins. As a result, FIFA had difficulties finding a country interested in hosting the event, since many governments believed that their scarce resources ought to be devoted to more urgent priorities than a sporting tournament.

The World Cup was at risk of not being held for sheer lack of interest from the international community, until Brazil presented a bid at the 1946 FIFA Congress, offering to host the event on condition that the tournament take place in 1950 rather than the originally proposed year of 1949.[2] Brazil and Germany had been the leading bidders to host the cancelled 1942 World Cup; since both the 1934 and 1938 tournaments had been held in Europe, football historians generally agree that the 1942 event would most likely have been awarded to a South American host country. Brazil's new bid was very similar to the mooted 1942 bid and was quickly accepted.

Qualification

[edit]
Main article: 1950 FIFA World Cup qualification

Having secured a host nation, FIFA would dedicate some time to persuading countries to send their national teams to compete. Italy was of particular interest as the long-standing defending champions, having won the two previous tournaments in 1934 and 1938; however, Italy's national team was weakened severely as most of its starting line-up perished in the Superga air disaster one year before the start of the tournament. The Italians were eventually persuaded to attend, and travelled by boat rather than by plane.[3]

Brazil (the host country) and Italy (the defending champion) qualified automatically, leaving 14 places remaining. Of these, seven were allocated to Europe, six to the Americas, and one to Asia.

Former Axis powers

[edit]

Both Germany (still occupied and partitioned) and Japan (still occupied) were unable to participate. The Japan Football Association (suspended for failure to pay dues in 1945) and the German Football Association (disbanded in 1945 and reorganised in January 1950) were not readmitted to FIFA until September 1950, while the Deutscher Fußball-Verband der DDR in East Germany was not admitted to FIFA until 1952. The French-occupied Saarland had been accepted by FIFA two weeks before the World Cup. This is the most recent World Cup finals not to feature Germany in it.

United Kingdom nations

[edit]

The "Home" nations were invited to take part, having rejoined FIFA four years earlier, after 17 years of self-imposed exile. It was decided to use the 1949–50 British Home Championship as a qualifying group, with the top two teams qualifying. England finished first and Scotland second.

Teams refusing to participate

[edit]

A number of teams refused to participate in the qualifying tournament, including most nations behind the Iron Curtain, such as the Soviet Union, 1934 finalists Czechoslovakia, and 1938 finalists Hungary.[3] Ultimately, Yugoslavia was the only Eastern European nation to take part in the tournament.

Withdrawals during qualification

[edit]

Argentina, Ecuador, and Peru in South America withdrew after the qualifying draw, in Argentina's case because of a dispute with the Brazilian Football Confederation. This meant that Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay qualified from South America by default.[3] In Asia, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Burma all withdrew, leaving India to qualify by default. In Europe, Austria withdrew, claiming its team was too inexperienced.[3] Belgium also withdrew from the qualification tournament.[3] These withdrawals meant that Switzerland and Turkey qualified without having to play their final round of matches.[4]

Qualified teams and withdrawals after qualification

[edit]

The following 16 teams originally qualified for the final tournament:

Participating countries after 3 of the 16 qualifying countries withdrew.

Before the qualification competition, George Graham, chairman of the Scottish Football Association (SFA), had said that Scotland would only travel to Brazil as winners of the Home Championship[5] (England, by contrast, had committed to attending, even if they finished in second place).[5] After Scotland ended up in second place behind England,[6][7] the Scottish captain George Young, encouraged by England captain Billy Wright, pleaded with the SFA to change its mind and accept the place in Brazil; however, Graham refused to change his position and so Scotland withdrew from the tournament.[5]

Turkey also withdrew, citing financial conditions that included the cost of travelling to South America.[8] FIFA invited Portugal, Republic of Ireland and France, who had been eliminated in qualifying, to fill the gaps left by Scotland and Turkey. Portugal and Republic of Ireland refused, but France initially accepted and was entered into the draw.

Draw and withdrawals after the draw

[edit]

The draw, held in Rio on 22 May 1950, allocated the fifteen remaining teams into four groups:[9][10]

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4

After the draw, the Indian football association, All India Football Federation (AIFF) decided against going to the World Cup, citing travel costs (although FIFA had agreed to bear a major part of the travel expenses),[11] lack of practice time, team selection issues, and valuing the Olympics over the FIFA World Cup.[11] Although FIFA had imposed a rule banning barefoot play following the 1948 Summer Olympics,[12] where India had played barefoot, the Indian captain at the time, Sailen Manna, claimed that this was not part of the AIFF's decision.[13] According to Indian sports journalist Jaydeep Basu, India did not participate because the AIFF did not have confidence in its players.[14]

France also withdrew, citing the amount of travel that would be required between the venues of the Group 4 matches. There was not enough time to invite further replacement teams or to reorganise the groups, so the tournament featured only thirteen teams, with just three nations in Group 3 and two nations in Group 4. Also, France withdrew means Brazil is the only team who had played in every World Cup from its inauguration in 1930 to date.

Of the thirteen teams that competed, only one, England, was making its debut. Several of the teams from the Americas teams were competing for the first time since the inaugural 1930 tournament – this included undefeated Uruguay, as well as Mexico, Chile, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Yugoslavia was also making its first appearance since 1930. Spain and the United States qualified for the first time since 1934. This would be the United States' last appearance at the World Cup finals until 1990, and Bolivia's last until 1994.

Format

[edit]

A new playing format was proposed by the Brazilian organisers of the tournament to maximise matches and ticket sales since the stadium and infrastructure were so costly. The 13 teams were divided into four first-round groups (or "pools" as they were then called) of four teams, with the winner of each group advancing to a final group stage, playing in round-robin format to determine the cup winner. A straight knockout tournament, as had been used in 1934 and 1938, would have featured only sixteen games (including the third-place playoff), while the proposed two rounds of the group format would guarantee thirty games, and thus more ticket revenue.[15] In addition, this format would guarantee each team at least three games, and thus provide more incentive for European teams to make the journey to South America and compete.[15] FIFA originally resisted this proposal, but reconsidered when Brazil threatened to back out of hosting the tournament if this format was not used.[15]

In each group, teams were awarded 2 points for a win and 1 point for a draw. Had there been a tie on points for first place in a group, a playoff would have been held to determine the group winner.[16]

The entire tournament was arranged in such a way that the four first-round groups had no geographical basis. Hence, several teams were obliged to cover large distances to complete their programme, although Brazil was allowed to play two of its three group matches in Rio de Janeiro while its other group game was held in the relatively nearby city of São Paulo.

Summary

[edit]
Ticket for the 1950 World Cup's decisive match between Brazil and Uruguay.

A combined Great Britain team had recently beaten the rest of Europe 6–1 in an exhibition match and England went into the competition as one of the favourites; however, they went crashing out after a shock 1–0 defeat by the United States and a 1–0 defeat by Spain. Italy, the defending champions, lost their unbeaten record at the World Cup finals with a 3–2 defeat by Sweden in its opening match and failed to progress to the second round.

The final match in Group 1 between Switzerland and Mexico was the second time a national team did not play in their own kit, the first being 1934 match between Austria and Germany when both teams arrived with white kits, and the Austrians borrowed blue kits from club side Napoli. Both teams arrived with only their red kits, so the Brazilian Football Confederation tossed a coin, with Mexico thus earning the right to play in their own kit, a right they waived as a friendly gesture, allowing the Swiss to wear their own kit while Mexico changed. The local team that lent their shirts was Esporte Clube Cruzeiro from Porto Alegre. The shirts had vertical blue and white stripes.[17]

The opening game of the Maracanã Stadium, shortly before the 1950 FIFA World Cup

The final group stage involved the teams that had won their groups: Brazil, Spain, Sweden and 1930 FIFA World Cup champions Uruguay, who were making their first World Cup appearance since winning the inaugural tournament. The World Cup winner would be the team that finished on top of this group. The final group's six matches were shared between Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Brazil played all its final group matches at the Estádio do Maracanã in Rio while the games that did not involve the host nation were played in São Paulo.

Brazil won their first two matches with a 7–1 thrashing of Sweden and 6–1 rout of Spain, putting them on top of the group with one game left to play against Uruguay; in second and only a point behind. Brazil had scored 23 goals in the tournament and only conceded four, and so were strong favourites. The two teams had played three matches against each other in the Copa Río Branco, played in Brazil two months previously, with one match won by Uruguay 4–3 and two by Brazil (2–1 and 1–0), who won the tournament. Thus the difference in quality between the teams was not excessive; unlike Spain and Sweden the Uruguayans were used to the challenges in the big South American stadiums.[18]

On 16 July, before a huge home crowd of 199,954 (some estimated as 205,000) in the Estádio do Maracanã, the host nation only had to draw against Uruguay and the trophy would be theirs. After such crushing victories over Spain and Sweden, it looked certain they would take the title, and the home nation duly went ahead in the second minute of the second half, thanks to a goal from Friaça. However, Uruguay equalised and then, with just over 11 minutes left to play, went ahead 2–1 when Alcides Ghiggia squeaked a goal past Moacyr Barbosa, so Uruguay was crowned World Cup champions for a second time. This stunning defeat surprised Brazil to the point of shock and is known as the Maracanazo ("Maracanã blow"). Barbosa was blamed for the defeat, for which he suffered for the rest of his life as the match became part of Brazilian Tragedy. In 2000, shortly before his death, he said in an interview:

"The maximum punishment in Brazil is 30 years' imprisonment, but I have been paying, for something I am not even responsible for, by now, for 50 years."[19]

The average attendance of nearly 61,000 per game, aided greatly by eight matches (including five featuring hosts Brazil) held in the newly built Maracanã, set a record that would not be broken until 1994. Not counting the Maracanã matches, the average attendance was a still-impressive 37,500; however, the only venues that saw crowds comparable to or greater than those in recent World Cups were the Maracanã and São Paulo. Other venues saw considerably smaller crowds.

Antonio Carbajal from Mexico was the last living player from this World Cup, he died in 2023.

Venues

[edit]

Six venues in six cities around Brazil hosted the 22 matches played for this tournament. The Maracanã in the then-capital of Rio de Janeiro hosted eight matches, including all but one of the host's matches, including the Maracanazo match in the second round-robin group that decided the winners of the tournament. The Pacaembu stadium in São Paulo hosted six matches; these two stadiums in São Paulo and Rio were the only venues that hosted the second round-robin matches. The Estádio Sete de Setembro in Belo Horizonte hosted three matches, the Durival de Britto stadium in Curitiba and the Eucaliptos stadium in Porto Alegre each hosted two matches, and the Ilha do Retiro stadium in far-away Recife only hosted one match. In order to present itself as a modern country, Brazil invested a today's equivalent of 290 million US-Dollars into new stadiums. The newly built Maracanã cost around 275 million US-Dollars alone.[20]

Rio de Janeiro São Paulo Belo Horizonte
Estádio do Maracanã Estádio do Pacaembu Estádio Sete de Setembro
22°54′43.8″S 43°13′48.59″W / 22.912167°S 43.2301639°W / -22.912167; -43.2301639 (Estádio do Maracanã) 23°32′55.1″S 46°39′54.4″W / 23.548639°S 46.665111°W / -23.548639; -46.665111 (Estádio do Pacaembu) 19°54′30″S 43°55′4″W / 19.90833°S 43.91778°W / -19.90833; -43.91778 (Estádio Independência)
Capacity: 200,000 Capacity: 60,000 Capacity: 30,000
Porto Alegre Recife Curitiba
Estádio dos Eucaliptos Estádio Ilha do Retiro Estádio Vila Capanema
30°3′42″S 51°13′38″W / 30.06167°S 51.22722°W / -30.06167; -51.22722 (Estádio dos Eucaliptos) 8°3′46.63″S 34°54′10.73″W / 8.0629528°S 34.9029806°W / -8.0629528; -34.9029806 (Estádio Ilha do Retiro) 25°26′22″S 49°15′21″W / 25.43944°S 49.25583°W / -25.43944; -49.25583 (Estádio Vila Capanema)
Capacity: 20,000 Capacity: 20,000 Capacity: 10,000

Squads

[edit]
Main article: 1950 FIFA World Cup squads

Match officials

[edit]
Europe
North America
South America

Group stage

[edit]

Group 1

[edit]
Main article: 1950 FIFA World Cup Group 1
Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Brazil 3 2 1 0 8 2 +6 5 Advance to final round
2  Yugoslavia 3 2 0 1 7 3 +4 4
3   Switzerland 3 1 1 1 4 6 −2 3
4  Mexico 3 0 0 3 2 10 −8 0
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
Brazil 4–0 Mexico
Ademir 30', 79'
Jair 65'
Baltazar 71'		 Report
Attendance: 81,649
Yugoslavia 3–0  Switzerland
Mitić 59'
Tomašević 70'
Ognjanov 84'		 Report
Attendance: 7,336
Brazil 2–2  Switzerland
Alfredo 3'
Baltazar 32'		 Report Fatton 17', 88'
Attendance: 42,032
Yugoslavia 4–1 Mexico
Bobek 20'
Ž. Čajkovski 23', 51'
Tomašević 81'		 Report Ortiz 89' (pen.)
Attendance: 11,078
Brazil 2–0 Yugoslavia
Ademir 4'
Zizinho 69'		 Report
Attendance: 142,429
Switzerland 2–1 Mexico
Bader 10'
Antenen 44'		 Report Casarín 89'
Attendance: 3,580
Referee: Ivan Eklind (Sweden)

Group 2

[edit]
Main article: 1950 FIFA World Cup Group 2
Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Spain 3 3 0 0 6 1 +5 6 Advance to final round
2  England 3 1 0 2 2 2 0 2
3  Chile 3 1 0 2 5 6 −1 2
4  United States 3 1 0 2 4 8 −4 2
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers


England 2–0 Chile
Mortensen 39'
Mannion 51'		 Report
Attendance: 29,703
Spain 3–1 United States
Igoa 81'
Basora 83'
Zarra 89'		 Report Pariani 17'
Attendance: 9,511
Spain 2–0 Chile
Basora 17'
Zarra 30'		 Report
Attendance: 19,790
Main article: United States v England (1950 FIFA World Cup)
United States 1–0 England
Gaetjens 38' Report
Attendance: 10,151
Spain 1–0 England
Zarra 48' Report
Attendance: 74,462
Chile 5–2 United States
Robledo 16'
Cremaschi 32', 60'
Prieto 54'
Riera 82'		 Report Wallace 47'
Maca 48' (pen.)
Attendance: 8,501

Group 3

[edit]
Main article: 1950 FIFA World Cup Group 3
Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Sweden 2 1 1 0 5 4 +1 3 Advance to final round
2  Italy 2 1 0 1 4 3 +1 2
3  Paraguay 2 0 1 1 2 4 −2 1
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

 India was also drawn into this group, but withdrew before playing.

Sweden 3–2 Italy
Jeppson 25', 68'
Andersson 33'		 Report Carapellese 7'
Muccinelli 75'
Attendance: 36,502
Sweden 2–2 Paraguay
Sundqvist 17'
Palmér 26'		 Report López 35'
López Fretes 74'
Attendance: 7,903
Italy 2–0 Paraguay
Carapellese 12'
Pandolfini 62'		 Report
Attendance: 25,811

Group 4

[edit]
Main article: 1950 FIFA World Cup Group 4
Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Qualification
1  Uruguay 1 1 0 0 8 0 +8 2 Advance to final round
2  Bolivia 1 0 0 1 0 8 −8 0
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers

 France was also drawn into this group, but withdrew before playing.

Uruguay 8–0 Bolivia
Míguez 14', 40', 51'
Vidal 18'
Schiaffino 23', 54'
Pérez 83'
Ghiggia 87'		 Report
Attendance: 5,284

Final round

[edit]
Main article: 1950 FIFA World Cup final round
Pos Team
 Pld W D L GF GA GD Pts Final result
1  Uruguay (C) 3 2 1 0 7 5 +2 5 Champions
2  Brazil 3 2 0 1 14 4 +10 4
3  Sweden 3 1 0 2 6 11 −5 2
4  Spain 3 0 1 2 4 11 −7 1
Source: FIFA
Rules for classification: Tiebreakers
(C) Champions
Uruguay 2–2 Spain
Ghiggia 29'
Varela 73'		 Report Basora 37', 39'
Attendance: 44,802
Brazil 7–1 Sweden
Ademir 17', 36', 52', 58'
Chico 39', 88'
Maneca 85'		 Report Andersson 67' (pen.)
Attendance: 138,886
Brazil 6–1 Spain
Ademir 15', 57'
Jair 21'
Chico 31', 55'
Zizinho 67'		 Report Igoa 71'
Attendance: 152,772
Uruguay 3–2 Sweden
Ghiggia 39'
Míguez 77', 85'		 Report Palmér 5'
Sundqvist 40'
Attendance: 7,987
Sweden 3–1 Spain
Sundqvist 15'
Mellberg 33'
Palmér 80'		 Report Zarra 82'
Attendance: 11,227
Main article: Uruguay v Brazil (1950 FIFA World Cup)
Uruguay 2–1 Brazil
Schiaffino 66'
Ghiggia 79'		 Report Friaça 47'
Attendance: 173,850[21]

Goalscorers

[edit]

With nine goals, Brazil's Ademir was the tournament's top scorer. In total, 88 goals were scored by 47 players.

Alcides Ghiggia of Uruguay became the first player ever to score in every game: Just Fontaine would be the second in 1958 and Jairzinho the third (and, as of 2024, the last) in 1970.[22]

9 goals
5 goals
4 goals
3 goals
2 goals
1 goal

FIFA retrospective ranking

[edit]

In 1986, FIFA published a report that ranked all teams in each World Cup up to and including 1986, based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[23][24] The rankings for the 1950 tournament were as follows:

R Team G P W D L GF GA GD Pts.
1  Uruguay 4 4 3 1 0 15 5 +10 7
2  Brazil 1 6 4 1 1 22 6 +16 9
3  Sweden 3 5 2 1 2 11 15 −4 5
4  Spain 2 6 3 1 2 10 12 −2 7
Eliminated in the first round
5  Yugoslavia 1 3 2 0 1 7 3 +4 4
6   Switzerland 1 3 1 1 1 4 6 −2 3
7  Italy 3 2 1 0 1 4 3 +1 2
8  England 2 3 1 0 2 2 2 0 2
9  Chile 2 3 1 0 2 5 6 −1 2
10  United States 2 3 1 0 2 4 8 −4 2
11  Paraguay 3 2 0 1 1 2 4 −2 1
12  Mexico 1 3 0 0 3 2 10 −8 0
13  Bolivia 4 1 0 0 1 0 8 −8 0

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ The Portuguese pronunciation is [ˈkwaʁtu kɐ̃pjoˈnatu mũdʒiˈaw dʒi futʃiˈbɔw], in today's standard Brazilian pronunciation.
  2. ^ Alsos, Jan. "Planet World Cup - 1950 - Overview". www.planetworldcup.com.
  3. ^ a b c d e Lisi (2007), p. 47
  4. ^ "World Cup 1950 qualifications". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation.
  5. ^ a b c "Scotland and the 1950 World Cup". BBC.
  6. ^ Official Blundering Leads To Scottish Defeat, The Glasgow Herald, 17 April 1950
  7. ^ Scots May Yet Take Part In World Cup Series | Strong Pressure On Selectors To Change Decision, The Scotsman, 17 April 1950, via London Hearts Supports Club
  8. ^ "History TFF". Archived from the original on 13 September 2012.
  9. ^ Lisi (2007), pp. 48–49
  10. ^ "Brazil's first World Cup draw". FIFA. 3 December 2013. Archived from the original on 14 June 2014.
  11. ^ a b Fit to Post: Yahoo! India News "Blog Archive Barefoot in Bengal and Other Stories"
  12. ^ Lisi (2007), p. 49
  13. ^ Cronin, Brian (19 July 2011). "Did India withdraw from the 1950 World Cup because they were not allowed to play barefoot?". Los Angeles Times.
  14. ^ "why India did not compete in the 1950 football world cup and no it wasn't because they didnt have boots". www.indianexpress.com. 10 November 2022.
  15. ^ a b c Lisi (2007), p. 45
  16. ^ Fansworth, Ed (29 April 2010). "The US and the 1950 World Cup". The Philly Soccer Page. Archived from the original on 13 May 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  17. ^ "Histórias Incríveis: México veste camisa de time gaúcho na Copa de 50" (in Portuguese). 5 February 2013.
  18. ^ Massimo di Terlizzi (2014). Stadi da leggenda: Viaggio nelle grandi arene che hanno fatto la storia del calcio (in Italian). SEM. p. 65. ISBN 978-88-97093-31-2.
  19. ^ Garganese, Carlo. "Top 10 World Cup Goalkeeping Blunders". Goal.com. Archived from the original on 28 June 2022.
  20. ^ Fett, Matthias (2020). "The game has changed - a systematic approach to classify FIFA World Cups". International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics. 12 (3): 455–470. doi:10.1080/19406940.2020.1784978. S2CID 221714908.
  21. ^ Janela, Mike (12 June 2018). "World Cup Rewind: Largest attendance at a match in the 1950 Brazil final". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  22. ^ "Brazil Legends: Jairzinho". Football Whispers. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  23. ^ page 45
  24. ^ "FIFA World Cup: Milestones, facts & figures. Statistical Kit 7" (PDF). FIFA. 26 March 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 May 2013.

Bibliography

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[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1950 FIFA World Cup.
Wikiquote has quotations related to 1950 FIFA World Cup.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for 1950 FIFA World Cup.
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