List of countries by research and development spending

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This is a list of countries by research and development (R&D) spending in real terms and as per latest data available.

Contents

List [edit]

Only those nations which annually spend more than 100 million dollars have been included. World's total nominal R&D spending was approximately one trillion dollars in 2010.[1]

Rank Country/Region Expenditures on R&D
(billions of US$, PPP)		  % of GDP PPP Year Source
1  United States 405.3 2.7% 2011 [2]
2  China 296.8 1.97% 2012 [3]
3  Japan 160.3 3.67% 2011 [4]
4  Germany 69.5 2.3% 2011 [2]
5  South Korea 55.8 3.74% 2011 [4]
6  France 42.2 1.9% 2011 [2]
7  United Kingdom 38.4 1.7% 2011 [2]
8  India 36.1 0.9% 2011 [2]
9  Canada 24.3 1.8% 2011 [2]
10  Russia 23.8n1 1.0% 2011 [2]
11  Brazil 19.4 0.9% 2011 [2]
12  Italy 19.0 1.1% 2011 [2]
13  Taiwan 19.0 2.3% 2011 [2]
14  Spain 17.2 1.3% 2011 [2]
15  Australia 15.9 1.7% 2011 [2]
16  Sweden 11.9 3.3% 2011 [2]
17  Netherlands 10.8 1.6% 2011 [2]
18  Israel 9.4 4.2% 2011 [2]
19  Austria 8.3 2.5% 2011 [2]
20  Switzerland 7.5 2.3% 2011 [2]
21  Belgium 6.9 1.7% 2011 [2]
22  Turkey 6.9 0.7% 2011 [2]
23  Poland 6.9 0.9% 2011 [2]
24  Mexico 6.4 0.4% 2011 [2]
25  Finland 6.3 3.1% 2011 [2]
26  Singapore 6.3 2.2% 2011 [2]
27  Denmark 5.1 2.4% 2011 [2]
28  Norway 4.2 1.6% 2011 [2]
29  Czech Republic 3.8 1.4% 2011 [2]
30  South Africa 3.7 0.7% 2011 [2]
31  Iran 3.5 0.42% 2012 [5]
32  Portugal 2.8 1.2% 2011 [2]
33  Ukraine 2.75 0.85% 2007 [6]
34  Pakistan 2.73n2 0.67% 2007 [6]
35  Argentina 2.7 0.4% 2011 [2]
36  Ireland 2.6 1.4% 2011 [2]
37  Malaysia 2.6 0.63% 2010 [7]
38  Saudi Arabia 1.8 0.25% 2012 [8]
39  Greece 1.7 0.6% 2011 [2]
40  Hungary 1.7 0.9% 2011 [2]
41  Thailand 1.46 0.25% 2010 [7]
42  New Zealand 1.4 1.2% 2011 [2]
43  Romania 1.3 0.5% 2011 [2]
44  Chile 1.22 0.53% 2007 [6]
45  Belarus 1.02 0.96% 2007 [6]
46  Egypt 0.91 0.23% 2007 [6]
47  Slovenia 0.8 1.4% 2011 [2]
48  Morocco 0.76 0.6% 2007 [6]
49  Indonesia 0.72 0.07% 2010 [7]
50  Croatia 0.7 0.81% 2007 [6]
51  Luxembourg 0.67 1.62% 2007 [6]
52  Tunisia 0.66 0.86% 2007 [9]
53  Colombia 0.6 0.16% 2007 [6]
54  Vietnam 0.52 0.19% 2010 [7]
55  Slovakia 0.5 0.4% 2011 [2]
56  Lithuania 0.47 0.82% 2007 [6]
57  Bulgaria 0.44 0.48% 2007 [6]
58  Kazakhstan 0.38 0.21% 2007 [6]
59  Estonia 0.36 1.11% 2007 [6]
60  Iceland 0.3 2.3% 2011 [2]
61  Philippines 0.29 0.09% 2007 [6]
62  Uruguay 0.272 0.42% 2007 [6]
63  Serbia 0.25 0.35% 2007 [6]
64  Peru 0.24 0.1% 2007 [6]
65  Latvia 0.23 0.59% 2007 [6]
66  Sudan 0.18 0.23% 2007 [6]
67  Algeria 0.16 0.07% 2007 [6]
68  Costa Rica 0.15 0.32% 2007 [6]
69  Uganda 0.13 0.39% 2007 [6]
70  Azerbaijan 0.11 0.17% 2007 [6]
71  Botswana 0.11 0.42% 2007 [6]
72  Ethiopia 0.1 0.17% 2007 [6]

See also [edit]

Notes [edit]

1. ^ If you use Worldbank Data which gave Russia a higher GDP instead of the Data of the IMF which was used by Royalsociety, Russia would spent 30.1 Billion instead of 23 with the 1% spending for R&D. The Worldbank counted Russias GDP in PPP terms at 3015 Billion Dollars in 2011.[10]
2. ^ Pakistan spends 0.67% of its GDP (PPP) on R&D equaling to 2.73 billion dollars excluding the R&D undertaken by its military. The combined R&D spending is 0.9% of GDP (PPP) equaling to 3.67 billion dollars.[9]

References [edit]

  1. ^ http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/Influencing_Policy/Reports/2011-03-28-Knowledge-networks-nations.pdf
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak http://www.battelle.org/media/news/2011/12/16/battelle-r-d-magazine-annual-global-funding-forecast-predicts-r-d-spending-growth-will-continue-while-globalization-accelerates
  3. ^ http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/ndtjgb/qgndtjgb/t20130221_402874525.htm
  4. ^ a b http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/i/jyjl/j/201301/20130108520271.shtml
  5. ^ http://asnanews.ir/%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%BE%DA%98%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%8C-%D8%B3%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%AF/#more-648
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001899/189958E.pdf
  7. ^ a b c d "The performance of research in Indonesia". The Jakarta Post. 2010-01-22. Retrieved 2011-11-20. 
  8. ^ http://www.rdmag.com/articles/2011/12/2012-global-r-d-funding-forecast-r-d-spending-growth-continues-while-globalization-accelerates
  9. ^ a b http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001899/189958E.pdf
  10. ^ http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2011+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc


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