Little Blue Lake
| Little Blue Lake | |
|---|---|
| Baby Blue, 5L9 | |
  | |
| Location | Mount Salt Road, Mount Schank South Australia, 5291, Australia |
| Coordinates | 37°55′45″S 140°40′42″E / 37.9292°S 140.678297°E[1] |
| Depth | 45 metres (148 feet) |
| Geology | Miocene limestone[2] |
| Difficulty | Above water - no stated difficulty Underwater - CDAA Deep Cavern grade |
| Hazards | Deep freshwater |
| Access | Above water - public (no disabled access). Underwater - CDAA members only. |
| Visitors | Yes |
| Cave survey | Lewis, Reardon and Stace, 1980 CDAA, 1990s |
Little Blue Lake is a water-filled doline in the Australian state of South Australia located in the state's south-east in the locality of Mount Schank about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the municipal seat of Mount Gambier. It is notable locally as a swimming hole and nationally as a cave diving site. It is managed by the District Council of Grant and has been developed as a recreational and tourism venue.
Naming
The sinkhole's name is attributed to the property of its water to turn blue in colour on an annual basis in a similar manner to the Blue Lake. However in more recent times the sinkhole generally remains green in colour throughout most of the year. This is believed by some to be due to groundwater pollution from agricultural fertilizers increasing the nutrient levels.[3] The lake is also known as Baby Blue and is referenced in caving literature by its Cave Exploration Group of South Australia (CEGSA) Inc. identification number, 5L9.[4][5]
Description
The lake is located on the north side of Mount Salt Road, Mount Schank about 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi) west of the Riddoch Highway, the main road between Mount Gambier and Port MacDonnell and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the municipal seat of Mount Gambier.[6][7]
The lake is located on crown land in section 963 in the cadastral unit of the Hundred of MacDonnell.[7][1][8]
The lake has a diameter of about 40 metres (130 ft), cliffs approaching a height of about 8 metres (26 ft) above water level and a maximum depth of about 47 metres (154 ft). Access to the water’s edge is via an artificial cutting in the south side of the sinkhole.[9]
The bottom of the lake is at an average depth of about 36 metres (118 ft) with the shallowest point at a depth of about 25 metres (82 ft), being the top of the rubble pile resulting from the excavation of the cutting. An undercut ledge reaches a maximum depth of approximately 45 metres (148 ft) along the full extent of both the south (i.e. under Mount Salt Road) and the west sides of the sinkhole’s bottom.[10]
The underwater visibility is normally poor, but can at times improve below a depth of about 20 metres (66 ft). A notable feature of the lake is the accumulation of rubbish dumped in the lake over a period of several decades including a 1966 Morris 1100, a bowser, traffic signs and ’witches hats’.[11]
Geological origins
The Little Blue Lake is one of a number of similar landforms occurring in the area to the south of the dormant volcano in Mount Gambier including the area around the dormant volcano at Mount Schank. These cenotes are similar in form as they all have collapse dolines with circular plans, cliffs, lakes filled to the water table, large rubble cones on their floors and clustered together in several groups along in the flat coastal plain composed of a Miocene limestone known as Gambier Limestone. These cenotes differ from other karst landforms in the south east of South Australia by their relative depth (i.e. as deep as 125 metres (410 ft) in one cenote), the absence of any underwater phreatic passages and a different water chemistry. It is theorised that these cenotes were formed by the collapse of large underground water-filled chambers following the lowering of sea levels at the most recent Glacial Maximum about 20,000 years ago. The chambers themselves are likely to have been formed by groundwater acidified by gaseous Carbon Dioxide (CO2) rising up through fractures from the magma chambers during the volcanic eruptions occurring during the Pleistocene and the Holocene rather than by the usual acidification process involving the absorption of atmospheric CO2 by water prior to entering the water table. The cenotes then filled with freshwater as the sea level started to rise at about 8,000 years ago. The presence of stromatolites in at least eight cenotes including the Little Blue Lake is suggested as being an indicator of the recent formation of these landforms.[12][13][14][15]
Exploration
Exploration of the lake's underwater environment commenced in the 1950s.[9] The lake’s submerged extent was surveyed by Lewis and Stace in 1980[4] and by the Cave Divers Association of Australia (CDAA) during the 1990s.[9]
Present day
The lake is a popular venue for swimming and cave diving.[7]
The land which includes the sinkhole was dedicated as a reserve "for the purposes of a Public Pleasure Resort" under the Crown Lands Act 1929 on 19 March 1986 and placed under "the Care, Control and Management" of the former District Council of Port MacDonnell.[8]
The District Council of Grant installed stairs and a floating pontoon in 2002 to improve the lake’s amenity for both residents and visitors after a review of public safety.[7] A parking area also exists on the lake's east side.[16] Access for cave diving is limited to holders of the CDAA Deep Cavern grade.[5]
See also
- List of sinkholes of Australia – Links to Wikipedia articles on sinkholes, blue holes, dolines, cenotes, and pit caves
- Ice age – Period of long-term reduction in temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere
References
- ^ a b "Search result for "Little Blue Lake" with the following datasets selected - 'Suburbs and Localities', 'Gazetteer', 'Parcel Cadastre' and 'Roads'". Location SA Map Viewer. South Australian Government. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ "Mount Gambier Geological History". Aquifer Tours - Mount Gambier. Aquifer Tours. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ Gerritsen, Tim. "Mount Gambier's (sic) Little Blue Lake turns green". ABC South East SA. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ a b Lewis, I; Stace, P. (1982). Cave Diving in Australia (Revised ed.). Adelaide: Ian Lewis & Peter Stace. pp. 63–64. ISBN 978-0959496307.
- ^ a b "Little Blue Lake". Cave Divers Association of Australia. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ "Local Tourism". Bellum Hotel. Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Risk Management Plan, Little Blue Lake" (PDF). District Council of Grant. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ a b Abbott, Roy Kitto (19 March 1986). "CROWN LANDS ACT, 1929: SECTION 5" (PDF). The South Australian Government Gazette. South Australian Government. p. 765. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
- ^ a b c Horne, Peter (2007). A Brief History of South Australian Cave Diving. Adelaide: Peter Horne. pp. 4, 8–9, 12–13, 41 & 64.
- ^ Horne, Peter (2009). "Mount Gambier cave and sinkhole maps". Peter Horne. p. 4. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ "Little Blue Lake". Waves n Caves (dive club). Archived from the original on 19 April 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
- ^ Webb, John A; Grimes, Ken G.; Lewis, Ian D (15 June 2010). "Volcanogenic origin of cenotes near Mt Gambier, southeastern Australia". Geomorphology. 119 (1): 23. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.02.015.
- ^ "Gambier Limestone ( Australian Stratigraphic Names Database)". Geoscience Australia. Retrieved 14 March 2014.
- ^ Hamilton-Smith, Elery; Finlayson, Brian (2003), Beneath the surface : a natural history of Australian caves, University of New South Wales Press, p. 39, ISBN 978-0-86840-595-7
- ^ Thurgate, Mia E. (1996). "The Stromatolites of the Cenote Lakes of the Lower South East of South Australia" (PDF). HELICTITE, Journal of Australasian Cave Research. 34 (1). Speleological Research Council Limited: 17. ISSN 0017-9973.
- ^ "Little Blue Lake Rest Area". Clyde and Charmaine Camel. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
