Outline of Colombia
The Republic of Colombia is a sovereign country located in northwestern South America.[1] Colombia is bordered to the east by Venezuela[2] and Brazil;[3] to the south by Ecuador and Peru;[4] to the north by the Atlantic Ocean, through the Caribbean Sea; to the north-west by Panama; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. Colombia also shares maritime borders with the Caribbean countries of Jamaica, Haiti and the Dominican Republic and the Central American countries of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.[5][6]
Colombia is the 26th most extensive nation in the world and the fourth most extensive in South America (after Brazil, Argentina, and Peru), with an area more than twice that of France. It also has the third-largest population in Latin America after Brazil and Mexico.[7]
The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous tribes which had migrated from North and Central America, including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and Tairona. To the south lay the Inca Empire.[8] The Spanish arrived in 1499, and initiated a period of conquest and colonisation which ultimately led to the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Granada (comprising what is now Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama) with its capital at Bogotá.[9] Independence from Spain was won in 1819, but by 1830 "Gran Colombia" had collapsed with the secession of Venezuela and Ecuador. Modern day Colombia, with Panama, emerged as the Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation (1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886.[1] Panama seceded in 1903.
Colombia has a long tradition of constitutional government, and the Conservative and Liberal parties, founded in 1843 and 1848 respectively, are two of the oldest surviving political parties in the Americas. However, tensions between the two have frequently erupted into violence, most notably in the Thousand Days War (1899–1902) and La Violencia, beginning in 1948. Since the 1960s, government forces have been engaged in conflict with left-wing insurgents and illegal right-wing paramilitaries. Fuelled by the cocaine trade, this escalated dramatically in the 1990s. However, the insurgents lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the government, and in recent years the violence has been decreasing. Insurgents continue attacks against civilians, and large swathes of the countryside remain under guerrilla influence, but the Colombian government has stepped up efforts to reassert government control throughout the country, and now has a presence in every one of its municipalities.[1]
Colombia is a standing middle power[10] with the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico.[7] It is also one of the largest manufacturers in South America. Colombia is very ethnically diverse, and the interaction between descendents of the original native inhabitants, Spanish colonisers, African slaves and twentieth-century immigrants from Europe and the Middle East has produced a rich cultural heritage. This has also been influenced by Colombia's incredibly varied geography. The majority of the urban centres are located in the highlands of the Andes mountains, but Colombian territory also encompasses Amazon rainforest, tropical grassland and both Caribbean and Pacific coastlines. Ecologically, Colombia is considered to be among 17 of the most megadiverse countries in the world.[11]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Colombia:
[edit] General reference
- Pronunciation: /kəˈlʌm.bi.ə/ (
listen)
- Spanish: [koˈlom.bja]
- Common English country name: Colombia
- Official English country name: The Republic of Colombia
- Common endonym(s): Colombia
- Official endonym(s): República de Colombia
- Adjectival(s): Colombian
- Demonym(s): Colombian
- Etymology: Name of Colombia
- International rankings of Colombia
- ISO country codes: CO, COL, 170
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CO
- Internet country code top-level domain: .co
[edit] Geography of Colombia
- Colombia is: a country
- Location:
- Western Hemisphere, on the Equator
- Time in Colombia
- Extreme points of Colombia
- High: Pico Cristóbal Colón 5,700 m (18,701 ft) or Pico Simón Bolívar 5,700 m (18,701 ft)
- Low: North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea 0 m
- Land boundaries: 6,309 km
-
- Coastline: 3,208 km
- Caribbean Sea 1,760 km
- North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km
- Coastline: 3,208 km
- Population of Colombia: 44,603,000 (October 13, 2008) - 29th most populous country
- Area of Colombia: 1,141,748 km2
- Atlas of Colombia
[edit] Environment of Colombia
- Climate of Colombia
- Environmental issues in Colombia
- Ecoregions in Colombia
- Renewable energy in Colombia
- Geology of Colombia
- Protected areas of Colombia
- Wildlife of Colombia
[edit] Natural geographic features of Colombia
- Fjords of Colombia
- Glaciers of Colombia
- Islands of Colombia
- Lakes of Colombia
- Mountains of Colombia
- Rivers of Colombia
- Valleys of Colombia
- World Heritage Sites in Colombia
[edit] Regions of Colombia
- Main article: Regions of Colombia
[edit] Ecoregions of Colombia
- Main article: Ecoregions in Colombia
[edit] Administrative divisions of Colombia
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Colombia
[edit] Districts of Colombia
[edit] Municipalities of Colombia
- Capital of Colombia: Bogotá
- Cities of Colombia
[edit] Demography of Colombia
- Main article: Demographics of Colombia
[edit] Government and politics of Colombia
- Main article: Government of Colombia and Politics of Colombia
- Form of government: unitary presidential welfare state
- Capital of Colombia: Bogotá
- Elections in Colombia
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Colombia
- Political scandals of Colombia
- Security issues in Colombia
- Taxation in Colombia
- Trade unions in Colombia
[edit] Branches of government
[edit] Executive branch of the government of Colombia
- Head of state & Head of government: President of Colombia, Vice President of Colombia
- Entities in the executive branch of Colombia
- Cabinet of Colombia
- Control Institutions in Colombia
[edit] Legislative branch of the government of Colombia
[edit] Judicial branch of the government of Colombia
- Supreme Court of Colombia
- Constitutional Court of Colombia
- Superior Council of Judicature
- Attorney General of Colombia
[edit] Foreign relations of Colombia
[edit] International organization membership
The Republic of Colombia is a member of:[1]
[edit] Law and order in Colombia
- Main article: Law of Colombia
- Animal rights in Colombia
- Capital punishment in Colombia
- Constitution of Colombia
- Crime in Colombia
- Human rights in Colombia
- National Police of Colombia
[edit] Military of Colombia
- Main article: Military of Colombia
- Command
- Forces
- Military history of Colombia
- Military ranks of Colombia
[edit] Local government in Colombia
[edit] History of Colombia
- Main article: History of Colombia, Timeline of Colombian history, and Current events of Colombia
[edit] By period
[edit] By region
[edit] By subject
- CIA activities in Colombia
- Constitutional history of Colombia
- History of the Colombian National Police
- History of Internet in Colombia
- Postage stamps and postal history of Colombia
- Economic history of Colombia
- Massacres in Colombia
- Military history of Colombia
[edit] Culture of Colombia
- Main article: Culture of Colombia
- Architecture of Colombia
- Carnival in Colombia
- Cuisine of Colombia
- Festivals in Colombia
- Humor in Colombia
- Languages of Colombia
- Media in Colombia
- National symbols of Colombia
- People of Colombia
- Prostitution in Colombia
- Public holidays in Colombia
- Records of Colombia
- Scouting and guiding in Colombia
- Smoking in Colombia
- World Heritage Sites in Colombia
[edit] Art in Colombia
- Artists of Colombia
- Cinema of Colombia
- Literature of Colombia
- Music of Colombia
- Television in Colombia
- Theatre in Colombia
[edit] Religion in Colombia
[edit] Sports in Colombia
- Main article: Sports in Colombia
[edit] Economy and infrastructure of Colombia
- Main article: Economy of Colombia
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 40th (fortieth)
- Currency of Colombia: Peso
- ISO 4217: COP
- Economic history of Colombia
- Energy in Colombia
- Health in Colombia
- Mining in Colombia
- Poverty in Colombia
- Science and technology in Colombia
- Tourism in Colombia
- Transport in Colombia
- Colombian Stock Exchange
- Water supply and sanitation in Colombia
[edit] Education in Colombia
- Main article: Education in Colombia
[edit] See also
 |
Spanish language edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
- All pages beginning with "Colombia"
- All pages with titles containing "Colombia"
- All pages beginning with "Colombian"
- All pages with titles containing "Colombian"
- Index of Colombia-related articles
- List of Colombia-related topics
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of geography
- Outline of South America
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d "Colombia". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/co.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ Gerhar Sandner, Beate Ratter, Wolf Dietrich Sahr and Karsten Horsx (1993). "Conflictos Territoriales en el Mar Caribe: El conflicto fronterizo en el Golfo de Venezuela" (in Spanish). Biblioteca Luis Angel Arango. http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/geografia/ctemc/ctemc03.htm. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
- ^ The Geographer Office of the Geographer Bureau of Intelligence and Research (1985-04-15). "Brazil-Colombia boundary". International Boundary Study. http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS174.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
- ^ CIA (2007-12-13). "Ecuador". World Fact Book. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ec.html. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
- ^ (Spanish) Tratados Internacionales limítrofes de Colombia
- ^ (Spanish) Colombia - Limites territoriales
- ^ a b Michael Baron (2007-05-10). "On Novak's Book and Colombia". US News. http://www.usnews.com/blogs/barone/2007/5/10/on-novaks-book-and-colombia.html. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
- ^ [1] Colombia. By Krzysztof Dydynski, Published 2003 Lonely Planet Kolumbie ISBN 0864426747
- ^ Nicolás del Castillo Mathieu (March, 1992). "LA PRIMERA VISION DE LAS COSTAS COLOMBIANAS, Repaso de Historia" (in Spanish). Revista Credencial. http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/marzo1992/marzo3.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-29.
- ^ David R. Davis, Brett Ashley Leeds and Will H. Moore (1998-11-21). "Measuring Dissident and state behaviour: The Intranational Political Interactions (IPI) Project". Florida State University. http://garnet.acns.fsu.edu/~whmoore/ipi/harmel.conf.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
- ^ "South America Banks on Regional Strategy to Safeguard Quarter of Earth's Biodiversity". Conservation International. http://www.conservation.org/xp/news/press_releases/2003/091603_andean_eng.xml. Retrieved 2007-06-29.[dead link]
[edit] External links
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Learning resources from Wikiversity |
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Quotations from Wikiquote |
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Source texts from Wikisource |
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- Government
- (Spanish) Portal del Estado - Colombia Online Government web site
- (Spanish) Presidencia de la República de Colombia - Official Presidential web site
- (Spanish) Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo - Commerce, Industry and Tourism Boreau
- National System of Cultural Information
- (Spanish) UNICEF en Colombia
- Banco de la República - Central Bank
- (Spanish) Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica - National Statistics Administrative Dept.
- (Spanish) Instituto Nacional de Vías - Transport and Road Agency
- (Spanish) Senate of Colombia
- (Spanish) Colombia's House of representatives
- (Spanish) Colombia's Judicial branch
- (Spanish) Policia Nacional - Police
- Armada Nacional de Colombia - Navy
- Ejército Nacional de Colombia - Army
- (Spanish) Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad - Homeland Security
- (Spanish) - Agustin Codazzi Geographic Institute - Maps of Colombia
- Other
- Outline of Colombia travel guide from Wikitravel
- Encyclopaedia Britannica Colombia Country Page
- CIA World Factbook - Colombia
- US-Colombia Free Trade Deal Costly for Poor People - Oxfam
- A U.S.-Colombia Free Trade Agreement: Strengthening Democracy and Progress in Latin America - Cato Institute
- Breaking the Grip? Obstacles to Justice for Paramilitary Mafias in Colombia - Human Rights Watch
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