Renewable Energy Directive 2018

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Directive 2009/28/EC
European Union directive
TitleRenewable Energy Directive
Made byEuropean Parliament and Council
Journal referenceL 140, 5 June 2009, pp. 16–62
Other legislation
ReplacesDirective 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
AmendsDirective 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC
Replaced by2018/2001/EC
Renewable Energy Directive fulfillment: Share of energy consumption from renewable sources for EU and EEA countries 2020 and 2021, compared to the targets for 2020. EU27 plus United Kingdom pledged an average of 20 percent renewable energy for 2020, and EU27 reached 22 percent.[1]

The Renewable Energy Directive (RED), formally Directive 2009/28/EC, is a European Union directive that mandates levels of renewable energy use within the European Union from 2009 to 2021.[2] The directive was published on 23 April 2009 and amends and repealed Directive 2001/77/EC. The directive required that 20 percent of the energy consumed within the European Union is renewable. This target is pooled among the member states.[3] Directive (EU) 2018/2001 repeals Directive 2009/28/EC on 1 July 2021.[4]

EU leaders had already reached agreement in March 2007 that, in principle, 20% of the bloc's final energy consumption should be produced from renewable energy sources by 2020 as part of its drive to cut carbon dioxide emissions.[5] This policy later became part of the EU 2020 Energy Strategy dated 10 November 2010.[6] The key objectives of the strategy are to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 20%, to increase the share of renewable energy to 20%, and to achieve energy savings of 20% or more. The targets are mutually dependent.[7]

The draft report on the directive was published by the European Commission in January 2008. Claude Turmes served as rapporteur on the draft.

Members states were obliged to notify the European Commission by 30 June 2010 of a National Renewable Energy Action Plan which sets out the road map of the trajectory. Member states also have to submit progress reports explaining their implementation of the directive and their progress towards their targets, as is required by article 22 of the directive.

A June 2015 report from the European Commission shows that EU countries are on track to meet the aggregate 20% goal.[8][9]

The Directive was substantially changed through a 2018 recast, the Renewable Energy Directive II (RED II), with the a new objective of a minimum of 32% renewable energy by 2030. The Fit for 55 package proposed by the European Commission in July 14 proposes further changes that significantly revise this recast version of the Directive, and is currently (June 2022) making its way through the legislative process.[10]

National targets for renewable energy sources

The overall EU target for renewable energy use is 20% by the year 2020. Targets for renewable energy in each country vary from a minimum of 10% in Malta to 72% of total energy use in Iceland.

National overall targets for the share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption of energy in 2020
National overall targets 2005 share 2020 target
Austria 23.3% 34%
Belgium 2.2% 13%
Bulgaria 9.4% 16%
Cyprus 2.9% 13%
Czech Republic 6.1% 13%
Denmark 17.0% 30%
Estonia 18.0% 25%
Finland 28.5% 38%
France 10.3% 23%
Germany 5.8% 18%
Greece 6.9% 18%
Hungary 4.3% 13%
Iceland * 63.4% 72%
Ireland 3.1% 16%
Italy 5.2% 17%
Latvia 32.6% 40%
Lithuania 15.0% 23%
Luxembourg 0.9% 11%
Malta 0.0% 10%
Netherlands 2.4% 14%
Norway * 60.1% 67.5%
Poland 7.2% 15%
Portugal 20.5% 31%
Romania 17.8% 24%
Slovakia 6.7% 14%
Slovenia 16.0% 25%
Spain 8.7% 20%
Sweden 39.8% 49%
United Kingdom 1.3% 15%
* Iceland and Norway have submitted Renewable Energy Action Plans to the EU Commission with 2020 targets and details of their development steps.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Share of energy consumption from renewable sources in Europe". www.eea.europa.eu. 26 October 2022.
  2. ^ Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. Brussels, Belgium: European Council. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  3. ^ "Deal secured on ambitious EU renewables law". EurActiv. 9 December 2008. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  4. ^ "New Renewables, Energy Efficiency and Governance legislation comes into force on 24 December 2018". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 11 January 2019.
  5. ^ "EU renewable energy policy". EurActiv. 7 November 2007. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
  6. ^ Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Energy 2020: a strategy for competitive, sustainable and secure energy – COM(2010) 639 final. Brussels, Belgium. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 22 September 2016. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  7. ^ "EU 2020 Energy Strategy". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 22 September 2016.
  8. ^ "EU on track to meeting 20% renewable energy target". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. 16 June 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  9. ^ Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions – Renewable energy progress report – COM(2015) 293 final. Brussels, Belgium. 15 June 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2016. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) The URL points to a zip file.
  10. ^ "Legislative Train Schedule: Revision of the Renewable Energy Directive". European Parliament. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
  11. ^ "National action plans". European Commission. Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved 19 September 2016.

External links

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