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William Holden

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"Bill Holden" redirects here. For other uses, see William Holden (disambiguation).
Not to be confused with William Holden (character actor).

William Holden
Holden in a publicity photo, 1950
Born
William Franklin Beedle Jr.

(1918-04-17)April 17, 1918
O'Fallon, Illinois, U.S.
DiedNovember 12, 1981(1981-11-12) (aged 63)
Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Alma materPasadena Junior College
OccupationActor
Years active1938–1981
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1941; div. 1971)​
Partner(s)Stefanie Powers
(1972–1981; his death)
Children4
Awards
Military career
Allegiance United States
Branch United States Army
Years of service1942–1945
RankFirst lieutenant
WarsWorld War II

William Franklin Holden (né Beedle Jr.; April 17, 1918 – November 12, 1981) was an American actor and one of the biggest box-office draws of the 1950s. Holden won the Academy Award for Best Actor for the film Stalag 17 (1953) and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie for the television miniseries The Blue Knight (1973).

Holden starred in some of Hollywood's most popular and critically acclaimed films, including Sunset Boulevard (1950), Sabrina (1954), Picnic (1955), The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), The Wild Bunch (1969) and Network (1976). He was named one of the "Top 10 Stars of the Year" six times (1954–1958, 1961), and appeared as 25th on the American Film Institute's list of 25 greatest male stars of Classical Hollywood cinema.

Early life and education

[edit]
With Lee J. Cobb (right) in Holden's first starring role in a film, Golden Boy (1939)

Holden was born William Franklin Beedle Jr. on April 17, 1918, in O'Fallon, Illinois, son of Mary Blanche Beedle (née Ball), a schoolteacher, and her husband, William Franklin Beedle Sr., an industrial chemist.[1] He had two younger brothers, Robert Westfield Beedle and Richard Porter Beedle. One of his father's grandmothers, Rebecca Westfield, was born in England, while some of his mother's ancestors settled in Virginia's Lancaster County after emigrating from England in the 17th century.[1]

His family moved to South Pasadena when he was three. After graduating from South Pasadena High School, Holden attended Pasadena Junior College, where he became involved in local radio plays.[2]

Career

[edit]

Paramount

[edit]

Holden appeared uncredited in Prison Farm (1939) and Million Dollar Legs (1939) at Paramount.

A version of how he obtained his stage name "Holden" was given by George Ross of Billboard in 1939: "William Holden, the lad just signed for the coveted lead in Golden Boy, used to be Bill Beadle [sic]. And here is how he obtained his new movie tag. On the Columbia lot is an assistant director and scout named Harold Winston. Not long ago, he was divorced from the actress, Gloria Holden, but carried the torch after the marital rift. Winston was one of those who discovered the Golden Boy newcomer and who renamed him—in honor of his former spouse!"[3]

Golden Boy

[edit]
With George Raft (right) in Invisible Stripes (1939)

Holden's first starring role was in Golden Boy (1939), costarring Barbara Stanwyck, in which he played a violinist-turned-boxer.[4] The film was made for Columbia, which negotiated a sharing agreement with Paramount for Holden's services.

Holden was still an unknown actor when he made Golden Boy, while Stanwyck was already a film star. She liked Holden and went out of her way to help him succeed, devoting her personal time to coaching and encouraging him, which made them lifelong friends. When she received her Honorary Oscar at the 1982 Academy Award ceremony, Holden had died in an accident just a few months prior. At the end of her acceptance speech, she paid him a personal tribute: "I loved him very much, and I miss him. He always wished that I would get an Oscar. And so tonight, my golden boy, you got your wish".[5][6]

Next he starred with George Raft and Humphrey Bogart in the Warner Bros. gangster epic Invisible Stripes (1939), billed below Raft and above Bogart.[7]

Back at Paramount, he starred with Bonita Granville in Those Were the Days! (1940) followed by the role of George Gibbs in the film adaptation of Our Town (1940), done for Sol Lesser at United Artists.[8]

Columbia put Holden in a Western with Jean Arthur, Arizona (1940), then at Paramount he was in a hugely popular war film, I Wanted Wings (1941) with Ray Milland and Veronica Lake.

He did another Western at Columbia, Texas (1941) with Glenn Ford, and a musical comedy at Paramount, The Fleet's In (1942) with Eddie Bracken, Dorothy Lamour, and Betty Hutton.[9]

He stayed at Paramount for The Remarkable Andrew (1942) with Brian Donlevy, then made Meet the Stewarts (1943) at Columbia. Paramount reunited Bracken and him in Young and Willing (1943).

World War II

[edit]

Holden served as a second and then a first lieutenant in the United States Army Air Force during World War II, where he acted in training films for the First Motion Picture Unit, including Reconnaissance Pilot (1943).

Post war

[edit]

Holden's first film back from the services was Blaze of Noon (1947), an aviator picture at Paramount directed by John Farrow. He followed it with a romantic comedy, Dear Ruth (1947) and he was one of many cameos in Variety Girl (1947).[10] RKO borrowed him for Rachel and the Stranger (1948) with Robert Mitchum and Loretta Young. Holden starred in the 20th Century Fox film Apartment for Peggy (1948). At Columbia, he starred in film noirs, The Dark Past (1948), The Man from Colorado (1949) and Father Is a Bachelor (1950). At Paramount, he did another Western, Streets of Laredo (1949). Columbia teamed him with Lucille Ball for Miss Grant Takes Richmond (1949), and the sequel to Dear Ruth, Dear Wife (1949).

Sunset Boulevard

[edit]
With Gloria Swanson in Sunset Boulevard (1950)

Holden's career took off again in 1950 when Billy Wilder tapped him to play a down-at-heel screenwriter taken in by a faded silent film actress (Gloria Swanson) in Sunset Boulevard. Holden earned his first Best Actor Oscar nomination for the role.[11]

Getting the role was a lucky break for Holden, as Montgomery Clift was initially cast but backed out of his contract.[12] Swanson later said, "Bill Holden was a man I could have fallen in love with. He was perfection on and off screen."[13] And Wilder commented "Bill was a complex guy, a totally honorable friend. He was a genuine star. Every woman was in love with him."[13] Paramount reunited him with Nancy Olson, one of his Sunset Boulevard costars, in Union Station (1950).

Holden had another good break when he was cast as Judy Holliday's love interest in the big-screen adaptation of the Broadway hit Born Yesterday (1950). He made two more films with Olson: Force of Arms (1951) at Warner Bros. and Submarine Command (1951) at Paramount. Holden did a sports film at Columbia, Boots Malone (1952), then returned to Paramount for The Turning Point (1952).

Stalag 17 and peak of stardom

[edit]

Holden was reunited with Wilder in Stalag 17 (1953), for which Holden won the Academy Award for Best Actor. His acceptance speech at the 26th Academy Awards was one of the shortest in Oscar history: "Thank you ... thank you."[14]

His success in Stalag 17 ushered in the peak years of Holden's stardom.[4] He made a sex comedy with David Niven for Otto Preminger, The Moon Is Blue (1953), which was a huge hit, in part due to controversy over its content. At Paramount, he was in a comedy with Ginger Rogers that was not particularly popular, Forever Female (1953). A Western at MGM, Escape from Fort Bravo (1953) did much better, and the all-star Executive Suite (1954) was a notable success.[15]

Sabrina

[edit]
With Audrey Hepburn in Sabrina (1954)

Holden made a third film with Wilder, Sabrina (1954), billed beneath Audrey Hepburn and Humphrey Bogart.[16] Holden and Hepburn became romantically involved during the filming, unbeknownst to Wilder: "People on the set told me later that Bill and Audrey were having an affair, and everybody knew. Well, not everybody! I didn't know."[13]: 174  The interactions between Bogart, Hepburn and Holden made shooting less than pleasant, as Bogart had wanted his wife, Lauren Bacall, to play Sabrina. Bogart was not especially friendly toward Hepburn, who had little Hollywood experience, while Holden's reaction was the opposite, wrote biographer Michelangelo Capua.[17] Holden recalls their romance:

Before I even met her, I had a crush on her, and after I met her, just a day later, I felt as if we were old friends, and I was rather fiercely protective of her, though not in a possessive way.[18]

Their relationship did not last much beyond the completion of the film. Holden, who was at this point dependent on alcohol, said, "I really was in love with Audrey, but she wouldn't marry me."[19] Rumors at the time had it that Hepburn wanted a family, but when Holden told her that he had had a vasectomy and having children was impossible, she moved on. (A few months later, Hepburn met Mel Ferrer, whom she later married and with whom she had a son Sean Hepburn Ferrer.)[20]

He took third billing for The Country Girl (1954) with Bing Crosby and Grace Kelly, directed by George Seaton from a play by Clifford Odets. It was a big hit, as was The Bridges at Toko-Ri (1954), a Korean War drama with Kelly.[21][22]

In 1954, Holden was featured on the cover of Life. On February 7, 1955, Holden appeared as a guest star on I Love Lucy as himself.[23] The golden run at the box office continued with Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (1955), from a bestselling novel, with Jennifer Jones, and Picnic (1955), as a drifter, in an adaptation of the William Inge play with Kim Novak.[24][25] Picnic was his last film under the contract with Columbia.

A second film with Seaton did not do as well, The Proud and Profane (1956), where Holden played the role with a moustache. Neither did Toward the Unknown (1957), the one film Holden produced himself.

The Bridge on the River Kwai

[edit]
Holden and Chandran Rutnam during shooting

Holden had his most widely recognized role as "Commander" Shears in David Lean's The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) with Alec Guinness,[26] a huge commercial success. His deal was considered one of the best ever for an actor at the time, with him receiving 10% of the gross, which earned him over $2.5 million. He stipulated that he only receive a maximum of $50,000 of this per year ($542,417 in 2023 dollars [27]).[28]

With Donna Reed at the 1954 Academy Awards show

He made another war film for a British director, The Key (1958) with Trevor Howard and Sophia Loren for director Carol Reed.[29] He played an American Civil War military surgeon in John Ford's The Horse Soldiers (1959) opposite John Wayne, which was a box-office disappointment.[30] Columbia would not meet Holden's asking price of $750,000 and 10% of the gross for The Guns of Navarone (1961); the amount he wanted exceeded the combined salaries of stars Gregory Peck, David Niven, and Anthony Quinn.[31]

Holden had another hit with The World of Suzie Wong (1960) with Nancy Kwan, which was shot in Hong Kong. Less popular was Satan Never Sleeps (1961), the last film of Clifton Webb and Leo McCarey; The Counterfeit Traitor (1962), his third film with Seaton; or The Lion (1962), with Trevor Howard and Capucine. The latter was shot in Africa and sparked Holden's fascination with the continent that was to last for the rest of his life.

Holden's films continued to struggle at the box office: Paris When It Sizzles (1964) with Hepburn was shot in 1962 but given a much delayed release; The 7th Dawn (1964) with Capucine and Susannah York, a romantic adventure set during the Malayan Emergency produced by Charles K. Feldman; Alvarez Kelly (1966), a Western; and The Devil's Brigade (1968). He was also one of many stars in Feldman's Casino Royale (1967).

The Wild Bunch

[edit]
Holden in The Revengers (1972)

In 1969, Holden made a comeback when he starred in director Sam Peckinpah's graphically violent Western The Wild Bunch,[4] winning much acclaim. Also in 1969, Holden starred in director Terence Young's family film L'Arbre de Noël, co-starring Italian actress Virna Lisi and French actor Bourvil, based on the novel of the same name by Michel Bataille. This film was originally released in the United States as The Christmas Tree and on home video as When Wolves Cry.[32] Holden made a Western with Ryan O'Neal and Blake Edwards, Wild Rovers (1971). It was not particularly successful. Neither was The Revengers (1972), another Western.

For television roles in 1974, Holden won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for his portrayal of a cynical, tough veteran LAPD street cop in the television film The Blue Knight, based upon the bestselling Joseph Wambaugh novel of the same name.[33][4]

In 1973, Holden starred with Kay Lenz in a movie directed by Clint Eastwood called Breezy, which was considered a box-office flop.[34] Also in 1974, Holden starred with Paul Newman and Steve McQueen in the critically acclaimed disaster film The Towering Inferno,[35] which became a box-office smash and one of the highest-grossing films of Holden's career.

Two years later, he was praised for his Oscar-nominated leading performance in Sidney Lumet's classic Network (1976),[36] an examination of the media written by Paddy Chayefsky, playing an older version of the character type for which he had become iconic in the 1950s, only now more jaded and aware of his own mortality. Around this time he also appeared in 21 Hours at Munich (1976).

Final roles

[edit]

Holden made a fourth and final film for Wilder with Fedora (1978). He followed it with Damien - Omen II (1978) and had a cameo in Escape to Athena (1978), which co-starred his real-life love interest Stefanie Powers. Holden had a supporting role in Ashanti (1979) and was third-billed in another disaster film, When Time Ran Out... (1980), which was a flop.[37] Holden starred in The Earthling,[38] as a loner dying of cancer at the Australian outback and accompanying an orphan boy (Ricky Schroder). After his final film Blake Edwards' S.O.B., with Julie Andrews, Holden declined to star in Jason Miller's film That Championship Season.[39]

Personal life

[edit]
Matron of honor Brenda Marshall (left) and best man William Holden were the only guests at the 1952 wedding of Ronald and Nancy Reagan

Holden was best man at the wedding of his friend Ronald Reagan to actress Nancy Davis in 1952. Although a registered Republican, he never involved himself in politics.

While in Italy in 1966, Holden killed another driver in a drunk-driving incident near Pisa. He received an eight-month suspended sentence for vehicular manslaughter.[40]

Holden maintained a home in Switzerland and also spent much of his time working for wildlife conservation as a managing partner in an animal preserve in Africa. His Mount Kenya Safari Club in Nanyuki (founded 1959) was popular with the international jet set.[41] On a trip to Africa, he fell in love with the wildlife and became increasingly concerned with the animal species that were beginning to decrease in population. With the help of his partners, he created the Mount Kenya Game Ranch and inspired the creation of the William Holden Wildlife Foundation.[42]

Marriage and relationships

[edit]

Holden had a daughter born in 1937 from his relationship with actress Eva May Hoffman.[43]

Holden was married to actress Brenda Marshall from 1941 until their divorce in 1971.[4] They had two sons, Peter and Scott.[44][45]

Holden met French actress Capucine in the early 1960s. The two starred in the films The Lion (1962) and The 7th Dawn (1964). They reportedly began a two-year affair, which is alleged to have ended due to Holden's alcoholism.[46] Capucine and Holden remained friends until his death in 1981.

In 1972, Holden began a nine-year relationship with actress Stefanie Powers and sparked her interest in animal welfare.[47] After his death, Powers set up the William Holden Wildlife Foundation at Holden's Mount Kenya Game Ranch.[48]

Death

[edit]

According to the Los Angeles County Coroner's autopsy report, Holden bled to death in his apartment in Santa Monica, California, on November 12, 1981, after lacerating his forehead by slipping on a rug while intoxicated and hitting a bedside table. Forensic evidence recovered at the scene suggested that he was conscious for at least half an hour after the fall. His body was found four days later.[49] Rumors existed that he was suffering from lung cancer, which Holden had denied at a 1980 press conference. His death certificate makes no mention of cancer.[41][49] He dictated in his will that the Neptune Society cremate him and scatter his ashes in the Pacific Ocean. In accordance with his wishes, no funeral or memorial services were conducted.[50]

President Ronald Reagan released a statement: "I have a great feeling of grief. We were close friends for many years. What do you say about a longtime friend – a sense of personal loss, a fine man. Our friendship never waned."[4]

For his contribution to the film industry, Holden has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 1651 Vine Street.[51] He also has a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame.[52]

His death was noted by singer-songwriter Suzanne Vega, whose 1987 song "Tom's Diner", about a sequence of events one morning in 1981, included a mention of reading a newspaper article about "an actor who had died while he was drinking". Vega subsequently confirmed that this was a reference to Holden.[53]

Filmography

[edit]

Film

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
1938 Prison Farm Prisoner film debut
uncredited
1939 Million Dollar Legs Graduate who says 'Thank You' uncredited
Golden Boy Joe Bonaparte
Invisible Stripes Tim Taylor
1940 Those Were the Days! P.J. "Petey" Simmons
Our Town George Gibbs
Arizona Peter Muncie
1941 I Wanted Wings Al Ludlow
Texas Dan Thomas
1942 The Fleet's In Casey Kirby
The Remarkable Andrew Andrew Long
Meet the Stewarts Michael Stewart
1943 Young and Willing Norman Reese
1947 Blaze of Noon Colin McDonald
Dear Ruth Lt. William Seacroft
Variety Girl himself
1948 Rachel and the Stranger Big Davey
Apartment for Peggy Jason Taylor
The Dark Past Al Walker
The Man from Colorado Del Stewart
1949 Streets of Laredo Jim Dawkins
Miss Grant Takes Richmond Dick Richmond
Dear Wife Bill Seacroft
1950 Father Is a Bachelor Johnny Rutledge
Sunset Boulevard Joe Gillis Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor
Union Station Lt. William Calhoun
Born Yesterday Paul Verrall
1951 Force of Arms Sgt. Joe "Pete" Peterson
Submarine Command LCDR Ken White
1952 Boots Malone Boots Malone
The Turning Point Jerry McKibbon
1953 Stalag 17 Sgt. J. J. Sefton Won - Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated – New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
The Moon Is Blue Donald Gresham
Forever Female Stanley Krown
Escape from Fort Bravo Capt. Roper
1954 Executive Suite McDonald Walling Venice Film Festival Special Award for Ensemble Acting
Sabrina David Larrabee
The Bridges at Toko-Ri LT Harry Brubaker, USNR
The Country Girl Bernie Dodd
1955 Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing Mark Elliott
Picnic Hal Carter Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor
1956 The Proud and Profane Lt. Col. Colin Black
Toward the Unknown Maj. Lincoln Bond
1957 The Bridge on the River Kwai Cmdr. Shears
1958 The Key Capt. David Ross
1959 The Horse Soldiers Major Henry Kendall
1960 The World of Suzie Wong Robert Lomax Nominated – Laurel Award for Top Male Dramatic Performance
1962 Satan Never Sleeps Father O'Banion
The Counterfeit Traitor Eric Erickson
The Lion Robert Hayward
1964 Paris When It Sizzles Richard Benson/Rick shot in 1962, given delayed release
The 7th Dawn Major Ferris
1966 Alvarez Kelly Alvarez Kelly
1967 Casino Royale Ransome cameo role
1968 The Devil's Brigade Lt. Col. Robert T. Frederick
1969 The Wild Bunch Pike Bishop
The Christmas Tree Laurent Ségur
1971 Wild Rovers Ross Bodine
1972 The Revengers John Benedict
1973 Breezy Frank Harmon
1974 Open Season Hal Wolkowski cameo role
The Towering Inferno Jim Duncan
1976 Network Max Schumacher Nominated – Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Nominated – National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor
1978 Fedora Barry "Dutch" Detweiler
Damien - Omen II Richard Thorn
1979 Escape to Athena Prisoner smoking a cigar in prison camp uncredited
Ashanti Jim Sandell
1980 When Time Ran Out Shelby Gilmore
The Earthling Patrick Foley
1981 S.O.B. Tim Culley final film role
1986 Bring Me the Head of Charlie Brown Charlie Brown archive audio recordings

Television

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes
1955 Lux Video Theatre Intermission Guest episode: "Love Letters"
1955 I Love Lucy Himself episode: "L.A. at Last!"
1956 The Jack Benny Program Himself episode: "William Holden/Frances Bergen Show"
1973 The Blue Knight Bumper Morgan Television film
Won - Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie
1976 21 Hours at Munich Chief of Police Manfred Schreiber Television film

Radio

[edit]
Year Program Episode/source
1940 Lux Radio Theatre Our Town
1942 I Wanted Wings
1945 Christmas Holiday
1946 Miss Susie Slagle's[54]
1948 Dear Ruth
1949 Apartment for Peggy
Dear Ruth
1951 Dear Wife
Love Letters
Sunset Boulevard
The Men
1952 Union Station
Submarine Command[55]
Hollywood Star Playhouse The Joyful Beggar[55]
1953 Lux Radio Theatre Appointment with Danger[56]
Lux Summer Theatre High Tor[57]

Box-office ranking

[edit]

For a number of years, exhibitors voted Holden among the most popular stars in the country:

  • 1954 – 7th (US)
  • 1955 – 4th (US)
  • 1956 – 1st (US)
  • 1957 – 7th (US)
  • 1958 – 6th (US), 6th (UK)
  • 1959 – 12th (US)
  • 1960 – 14th (US)
  • 1961 – 8th (US)
  • 1962 – 15th (US)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Ancestry of William Holden" Archived February 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Genealogy.com; retrieved November 13, 2011.
  2. ^ Noguchi, Thomas T.; DiMona, Joseph (November 28, 2017). The Coroner Series: America's Most Controversial Medical Examiner Tells All. Open Road Media. ISBN 978-1-5040-4967-2.
  3. ^ Ross, George. "Broadway: Golden Boy", The Pittsburgh Press, April 12, 1939, p. 23.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Charlton, Linda (November 17, 1981). "William Holden Dead at 63; Won Oscar for 'Stalag 17'". The New York Times.
  5. ^ video: "Barbara Stanwyck's Honorary Award: 1982 Oscars", Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences via Youtube.com; accessed November 12, 2016.
  6. ^ Robert Osborne, "TCM – Golden Boy" via Youtube.com; accessed November 12, 2016.
  7. ^ Nigent, Frank S. (January 13, 1940). "The Screen ... Strand Shows 'Invisible Stripes'". The New York Times. p. 16. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  8. ^ Capua 2010, pp. 16–17.
  9. ^ "101 Pix Gross in Millions" Variety, January 6, 1943 p 58
  10. ^ Richard B. Jewell, Slow Fade to Black: The Decline of RKO Radio Pictures, Uni of California, 2016
  11. ^ Capua 2010, pp. 54–55.
  12. ^ Monush, Barry. The Encyclopedia of Hollywood Film Actors, Applause (2003) pp. 335–336
  13. ^ a b c Chandler, Charlotte. Nobody's Perfect: Billy Wilder: a Personal Biography, Simon & Schuster (2002) p. 147
  14. ^ William Holden Academy Awards Acceptance Speech, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
  15. ^ "Forever Female (1954) – Overview". Turner Classic Movies. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  16. ^ "30 Days, 30 Classics – Day 17: Sabrina (1954) starring Audrey Hepburn, William Holden and Humphrey Bogart". Writer Loves Movies. October 19, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  17. ^ Capua 2010, p. 78
  18. ^ Capua 2010 p. 79
  19. ^ Capua 2010 p. 77
  20. ^ Capua 2010 p. 82
  21. ^ Crowther, Bosley (December 16, 1954). "Screen: Crosby Acts in 'Country Girl'; Film Based on Odets Drama Makes Bow". The New York Times. p. 51. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  22. ^ Crowther, Bosley (January 21, 1955). "The Screen in Review; 'Bridges at Toko-ri' Is Fine Film of War". The New York Times. p. 20. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  23. ^ Hernandez, Greg (May 4, 2012). ""I Love Lucy" Friday: When Lucy comes face-to-face with William Holden at the Brown Derby". Greg in Hollywood.com. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  24. ^ Shaffer, Bill (Spring 2005). "The Summer of Picninc" (PDF). Kansas Heritage: 6–12. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  25. ^ Woo, Elaine (November 11, 2012). "Han Suyin dies at 95; wrote 'Many-Splendored Thing'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  26. ^ "13 Fascinating Facts About 'The Bridge on the River Kwai'". Mental Floss. July 7, 2016. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  27. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  28. ^ "Columbia Earns as It Holds Coin Due Bill Holden on 10% of 'Kwai'". Variety. May 21, 1958. p. 2. Retrieved January 23, 2021 – via Archive.org.
  29. ^ "Detail view of Movies Page". www.afi.com. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  30. ^ Longley York, Neil (May 2001). Fiction as Fact: "The Horse Soldiers" and Popular Memory. The Kent State University Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0873386883. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  31. ^ p. 120 Capua, Michelangelo William Holden: A Biography McFarland (2016)
  32. ^ Capua 2010, pp. 135–36, 141.
  33. ^ "Nominations Search". Television Academy. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  34. ^ "'Breezy' (1973): Clint Eastwood's little-known romance". The Same Cinema Every Night. May 24, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  35. ^ Ebert, Roger. "The Towering Inferno Movie Review (1974)". www.rogerebert.com. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  36. ^ Ebert, Roger. "Network Movie Review & Film Summary (1976)". www.rogerebert.com. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  37. ^ "William Holden Gave His All Even "When Time Ran Out..."". hillplace.blogspot.ca. April 18, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  38. ^ Canby, Vincent (February 8, 1981). "Screen: A Final Journey In 'Earthling'". The New York Times. Retrieved January 3, 2017.
  39. ^ Capua 2010, pp. 162–63.
  40. ^ Brown, Andrew M. "When Alcoholics drink themselves to death", The Daily Telegraph, London, April 7, 2011. [dead link‍]
  41. ^ a b Bennett, Bruce. "William Holden's Unscripted Fall From Grace" Archived September 23, 2013, at the Wayback Machine, The New York Sun, July 2, 2008.
  42. ^ The William Holden Wildlife Education Center Archived November 29, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, Mount Kenya Wilderness Conservancy, 2015; retrieved January 24, 2015.
  43. ^ "Arlene Holden". geni_family_tree. Retrieved November 27, 2021.
  44. ^ Fessier, Bruce (September 29, 2014). "West Holden: More than just the son of William Holden". The Desert Sun. Palm Springs, California.
  45. ^ Miller, Frank (September 28, 2006). Leading Men: The 50 Most Unforgettable Actors of the Studio Era. Chronicle Books. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-8118-5467-2.
  46. ^ Osborne, Robert (host). "The Lion", Turner Classic Movies, November 4, 2012.
  47. ^ Capua 2010, p. 165.
  48. ^ Bacon, Doris Klein. "For Love of Bill", People, Vol. 17, No. 21, May 31, 1982.
  49. ^ a b Death Certificate of William Holden, autopsyfiles.org; accessed September 28, 2016.
  50. ^ Capua 2010, p. 164
  51. ^ "Hollywood Star Walk: William Holden", Los Angeles Times, March 26, 2013.
  52. ^ "St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees" Archived October 31, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, St. Louis Walk of Fame; retrieved January 24, 2015.
  53. ^ Suzanne Vega, Tom's Essay, The New York Times, September 23, 2008; retrieved September 27, 2016.
  54. ^ "Lux Star". Harrisburg Telegraph. October 19, 1946. p. 17. Retrieved September 29, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. ^ a b Kirby, Walter (November 23, 1952). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 48. Retrieved June 16, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  56. ^ Kirby, Walter (January 18, 1953). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 40. Retrieved June 20, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.
  57. ^ Kirby, Walter (May 31, 1953). "Better Radio Programs for the Week". The Decatur Daily Review. p. 40. Retrieved June 30, 2015 – via Newspapers.com.

Bibliography

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