Anthomyzidae: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Family of flies}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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{{Automatic taxobox |
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| image = Stiphrosoma.sabulosum.short.winged.jpg |
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| oldest_fossil = Eocene |
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| image_caption = Short-winged form of ''[[Stiphrosoma sabulosum]]'' from Germany |
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| image = Anthomyza gracilis 02.JPG |
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| image_width = 240px |
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| image_caption = ''[[Anthomyza gracilis]]'' |
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| phylum = [[Arthropod]]a |
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| display_parents = 3 |
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| classis = [[Insect]]a |
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| authority = Czerny, 1903 |
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| ordo = [[Fly|Diptera]] |
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| superfamilia = [[Opomyzoidea]] |
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| subdivision_ranks = Genera |
| subdivision_ranks = Genera |
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| subdivision = * |
| subdivision = *See text |
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⚫ | '''Anthomyzidae''' is small, slender, yellow to black [[Fly|flies]] with narrow and elongated wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from [[Europe]]. Although they occur in all [[Ecoregion|major regions]], they seem to be most varied in the [[Holarctic]] region. |
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⚫ | Around 20 diverse [[Genus|genera]] have been placed in the family. Two, ''Teratomyza'' and ''Teratoptera'', are now in the [[Teratomyzidae]], and ''Cyamops'' and ''Stenomicra'' are in the [[Stenomicridae]]. ''Melanthomyza'' Malloch from [[Chile]] should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another. |
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⚫ | Around 20 diverse [[Genus|genera]] have been placed in the family. Two, ''Teratomyza'' and ''Teratoptera'', are now in the [[Teratomyzidae]], and ''Cyamops'' and ''Stenomicra'' are in the [[Stenomicridae]]. ''Melanthomyza'' Malloch from [[Chile]] should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another. |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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For terms see [[Morphology of Diptera]] |
For terms see [[Morphology of Diptera]] |
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These are |
These are minute to small (1.3-4.5 mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel, and rarely absent. Two or three pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward, are present and usually preceded by one or more weaker bristles. Interfrontal bristles are absent or present. Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") are present. In the more common ''Anthomyza'' and ''Paranthomyza'', the lower side of femur 1 has a well-developed spine in apical third. Wings are usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked). Some species are brachypterous. The costa has a subcostal break and the subcosta is incomplete. |
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==Biology== |
==Biology== |
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Adults are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs, and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of'' Anthomyza'' and the brachypterous ''Stiphrosoma sabulosum''). |
Adults are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs, and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of'' Anthomyza'' and the brachypterous ''Stiphrosoma sabulosum''). |
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{{clade |
{{clade |
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|label1= [[Opomyzoidea]] |
|label1= [[Opomyzoidea]] |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|1= [[Fergusoninidae]] |
|1= [[Fergusoninidae]] |
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|2= |
|2= [[Agromyzidae]] |
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}} |
}} |
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}} |
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|2={{clade |
|2={{clade |
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|label1= Opomyzoinea |
|label1= Opomyzoinea |
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|1= [[Opomyzidae]]+Anthomyzidae |
|1= [[Opomyzidae]]+'''Anthomyzidae''' |
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|2= Asteioinea |
|2= Asteioinea |
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[[file:Baltic amber fossil Anthomyzidae Fig5 Lacrimyza lacrimosa.png|thumb|right|upright|''[[Lacrimyza lacrimosa]]'' in [[Baltic Amber]]]] |
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[[file:Protanthomyza grimaldii holotype male fig1.jpg|thumb|right|upright|''[[Protanthomyza grimaldii]]'' in [[Baltic amber]]]] |
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[[File:Baltic amber fossil Anthomyzidae Fig4 Reliquantha eocena.png|thumb|right|upright|''[[Reliquantha eocena]]'' in [[Baltic amber]]]] |
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The family includes a number of genera in two subfamilies.<ref name="Roháček2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Roháček |first61=J. |year=2020 |title=''Protanthomyza grimaldii'' sp. nov., a further member of the extinct subfamily Protanthomyzinae (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) from Baltic amber |journal=ZooKeys |issue=973 |pages=1–15 |doi=10.3897/zookeys.973.51435 |pmid=33110370 |pmc=7550391 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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*Subfamily [[Anthomyzinae]] {{small|Czerny, 1903}} |
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**''[[Amnonthomyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 1993}} |
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**''[[Carexomyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2009}} |
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**†''[[Grimalantha]]'' {{small|Roháček, 1998}} ([[Burdigalian]], [[Dominican amber]]) |
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**†''[[Lacrimyza]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2013}} ([[Lutetian]], [[Baltic Amber]]) |
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**''[[Reliquantha]]'' {{small|Roháček, 2014}} ([[Lutetian]], [[Baltic amber]]) |
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*Subfamily †[[Protanthomyzinae]] {{small|Roháček, 1998}} |
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**†''[[Protanthomyza]]'' {{small|Hennig, 1965}} ([[Lutetian]], [[Baltic Amber]], [[Bitterfeld amber]]) |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
==Further reading== |
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*Przemysław Trojan, 1962 Odiniidae, Clusiidae, Anthomyzidae, Opomyzidae, Tethinidae in (series) ''Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski'', 28,54/58; Muchowki = Diptera, 54/58 Publisher Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (in Polish) |
*Przemysław Trojan, 1962 Odiniidae, Clusiidae, Anthomyzidae, Opomyzidae, Tethinidae in (series) ''Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski'', 28,54/58; Muchowki = Diptera, 54/58 Publisher Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (in Polish) |
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*Jindřich Roháček, 1996. Revision of Palaearctic ''Stiphrosoma'', including the ''Anthomyza-laeta'' group (Diptera, Anthomyzidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 93:89-120, ISSN 1210-5759 [http://www.eje.cz/pdfarticles/624/eje_093_1_089_Rohacek.pdf European Journal of Entomology] |
*Jindřich Roháček, 1996. Revision of Palaearctic ''Stiphrosoma'', including the ''Anthomyza-laeta'' group (Diptera, Anthomyzidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 93:89-120, ISSN 1210-5759 [http://www.eje.cz/pdfarticles/624/eje_093_1_089_Rohacek.pdf European Journal of Entomology] |
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*Jindřich Roháček, 1998. Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record. Eur. J. Entomol. 95:141-177, ISSN 1210-5759 [http://www.eje.cz/pdfarticles/394/eje_095_1_141_Rohacek.pdf European Journal of Entomology] |
*Jindřich Roháček, 1998. Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record. Eur. J. Entomol. 95:141-177, ISSN 1210-5759 [http://www.eje.cz/pdfarticles/394/eje_095_1_141_Rohacek.pdf European Journal of Entomology] |
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*Jindřich Roháček, 2006. ''A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae'' (Diptera), Part 1.published as supplement 1 of the Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Vol. 55 (2006) 326 pages, 661 black-and-white illustrations. ISSN 1211-3026, ISBN |
*Jindřich Roháček, 2006. ''A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae'' (Diptera), Part 1.published as supplement 1 of the Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Vol. 55 (2006) 326 pages, 661 black-and-white illustrations. ISSN 1211-3026, {{ISBN|80-86224-57-0}} |
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*Jindřich Roháček, 2007. ''Zealantha thorpei'' gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1576: 1–13 [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01576p013.pdf Zootaxa] |
*Jindřich Roháček, 2007. ''Zealantha thorpei'' gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1576: 1–13 [http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2007f/zt01576p013.pdf Zootaxa] |
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===Species lists=== |
===Species lists=== |
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*[http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10883 West Palaearctic including Russia] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20051015232652/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=10883 West Palaearctic including Russia] |
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*[http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/anthomyzidae.html Australasian/Oceanian] |
*[http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/aocat/anthomyzidae.html Australasian/Oceanian] |
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*[http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm Nearctic] |
*[http://www.nearctica.com/nomina/main.htm Nearctic] |
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*[http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mokuroku/ Japan] |
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20190527005729/http://konchudb.agr.agr.kyushu-u.ac.jp/mokuroku/ Japan] |
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*[http://eol.org/pages/512/overview World list] |
*[http://eol.org/pages/512/overview World list] |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[[Encyclopedia of Life]] - [http://eol.org/pages/512/media Family Anthomyzidae at EOL] |
*[[Encyclopedia of Life]] - [http://eol.org/pages/512/media Family Anthomyzidae at EOL] |
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*[http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=63 Diptera.info] images |
*[http://www.diptera.info/photogallery.php?album_id=63 Diptera.info] images |
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{{Diptera|2}} |
{{Diptera|2}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q1617278}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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[[Category:Brachycera families]] |
[[Category:Brachycera families]] |
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[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]] |
Revision as of 17:51, 15 October 2023
Anthomyzidae Temporal range:
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Anthomyza gracilis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Diptera |
Section: | Schizophora |
Subsection: | Acalyptratae |
Superfamily: | Opomyzoidea |
Family: | Anthomyzidae Czerny, 1903 |
Genera | |
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Anthomyzidae is small, slender, yellow to black flies with narrow and elongated wings, which may have distinct markings. Some species have greatly reduced wings. Fewer than 100 species are known, mostly from Europe. Although they occur in all major regions, they seem to be most varied in the Holarctic region.
Around 20 diverse genera have been placed in the family. Two, Teratomyza and Teratoptera, are now in the Teratomyzidae, and Cyamops and Stenomicra are in the Stenomicridae. Melanthomyza Malloch from Chile should probably not be retained in the family. The remaining genera are very similar to one another.
Description
For terms see Morphology of Diptera
These are minute to small (1.3-4.5 mm), slender flies. They are yellow (sometimes with dark spots or stripes) to black in colour. The postverticals on the head are small, convergent or parallel, and rarely absent. Two or three pairs of frontal bristles, which curve backward, are present and usually preceded by one or more weaker bristles. Interfrontal bristles are absent or present. Peristomal bristles ("false vibrissae") are present. In the more common Anthomyza and Paranthomyza, the lower side of femur 1 has a well-developed spine in apical third. Wings are usually long and narrow and immaculate (sometimes marked). Some species are brachypterous. The costa has a subcostal break and the subcosta is incomplete.
Biology
Larvae have been reported from decaying dicotyledonous plants, from fungi, and in Europe from leaf sheaths of various grasses and of Typha, Scirpus, and Juncus, from Lipara galls on Phragmites. They may be either phytophagous or saprophagous, but damage to cereals or other plants has not been reported.
Adults are usually found in moist habitats such as damp meadows, marshes, bogs, and damp deciduous or mixed forests with rich undergrowth. Some species inhabit dry grasslands (some species of Anthomyza and the brachypterous Stiphrosoma sabulosum).
Phylogeny and taxa
Opomyzoidea |
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The family includes a number of genera in two subfamilies.[2]
- Subfamily Anthomyzinae Czerny, 1903
- Amnonthomyza Roháček, 1993
- Amygdalops Lamb, 1914
- Anagnota Becker, 1902
- Anthomyza Fallén, 1810
- Apterosepsis Richards, 1962
- Barbarista Roháček, 1993
- Carexomyza Roháček, 2009
- Cercagnota Roháček & Freidberg, 1993
- Epischnomyia Roháček, 2006
- Fungomyza Roháček, 1999
- †Grimalantha Roháček, 1998 (Burdigalian, Dominican amber)
- Ischnomyia Loew, 1863
- †Lacrimyza Roháček, 2013 (Lutetian, Baltic Amber)
- Margdalops Roháček & Barraclough, 2003
- Mumetopia Melander, 1913
- Paranthomyza Czerny, 1902
- Receptrixa Roháček, 2006
- Reliquantha Roháček, 2014 (Lutetian, Baltic amber)
- Santhomyza Roháček, 1984
- Stiphrosoma Czerny, 1928
- Typhamyza Roháček, 1992
- Zealantha Roháček, 2007
- Subfamily †Protanthomyzinae Roháček, 1998
- †Protanthomyza Hennig, 1965 (Lutetian, Baltic Amber, Bitterfeld amber)
References
- ^ Nello schema di McAlpine, i Clusiidae sono in relazione con il genere Acartophthalmus, che secondo l'analisi cladistica di Buck (2006) va collocato nel clade dei Carnoidea. Vedi Acartophthalmidae.
- ^ Roháček (2020). "Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., a further member of the extinct subfamily Protanthomyzinae (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) from Baltic amber". ZooKeys (973): 1–15. doi:10.3897/zookeys.973.51435. PMC 7550391. PMID 33110370.
Further reading
- Przemysław Trojan, 1962 Odiniidae, Clusiidae, Anthomyzidae, Opomyzidae, Tethinidae in (series) Klucze do oznaczania owadów Polski, 28,54/58; Muchowki = Diptera, 54/58 Publisher Warszawa : Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (in Polish)
- Jindřich Roháček, 1996. Revision of Palaearctic Stiphrosoma, including the Anthomyza-laeta group (Diptera, Anthomyzidae). Eur. J. Entomol. 93:89-120, ISSN 1210-5759 European Journal of Entomology
- Jindřich Roháček, 1998. Taxonomic limits, phylogeny and higher classification of Anthomyzidae (Diptera), with special regard to fossil record. Eur. J. Entomol. 95:141-177, ISSN 1210-5759 European Journal of Entomology
- Jindřich Roháček, 2006. A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera), Part 1.published as supplement 1 of the Časopis Slezského zemského muzea, Vol. 55 (2006) 326 pages, 661 black-and-white illustrations. ISSN 1211-3026, ISBN 80-86224-57-0
- Jindřich Roháček, 2007. Zealantha thorpei gen. et sp. nov. (Diptera: Anthomyzidae), first family representative from New Zealand. Zootaxa 1576: 1–13 Zootaxa