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==Singapore==
==Singapore==
{{bar box
{{Empty section|date=June 2014}}
|title=Native languages (mother tongues) of Singaporeans<ref name="singstat1" />
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Language
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|Mandarin Chinese|yellow|50}}
{{bar percent|English|blue|32}}
{{bar percent|Malay|gray|12}}
{{bar percent|Tamil|green|3}}}}
Singapore has four official languages.<ref name="statutes.agc.gov.sg">{{cite web |url=http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/aol/search/display/view.w3p;ident=7655e14f-c579-47a2-b7a9-fffc9fea4815;page=0;query=DocId%3A%222cc15e67-cf27-44b1-a736-f28ab8190454%22%20Status%3Apublished%20Depth%3A0;rec=0 |title=Republic of Singapore Independence Act, s.7}}</ref> The four languages that are recognised by the [[Singapore]] Government are: [[English language|English]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]], and [[Tamil language|Tamil]].<ref name="autogenerated1999">{{cite web | title = Official languages and national language | url = http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/non_version/cgi-bin/cgi_getdata.pl?actno=1999-REVED-CONST&doctitle=CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20REPUBLIC%20OF%20SINGAPORE%0A&date=latest&method=part&sl=1&segid=931158661-003585#931158661-003601 | work=Constitution of the Republic of Singapore | accessdate=2010-11-11 }}</ref> They were chosen to correspond with the major ethnic groups present in Singapore at the time as well as for the following reasons: Mandarin had gained status since the introduction of Chinese-medium schools; Malay was deemed the "most obvious choice" for the Malay community; and Tamil for the largest Indian ethnic group in Singapore, in addition to being "the language with the longest history of education in Malaysia and Singapore".<ref name="Dixon (2009)" /> In 2009, more than 20 languages were identified as being spoken in Singapore, reflecting a rich linguistic diversity in the city.<ref>{{cite web | title = Language Policies Impact on Language Maintenance and Teaching Focus on Malaysia Singapore and The Philippines | author = David, Maya Esther | year = 2008 | url = http://www.scribd.com/doc/17081287/Language-Policies-Impact-on-Language | format = PDF | publisher = University of Malaya Angel David Malaysia }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Languages of Singapore | url = http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=SG | work=Ethnologue: Languages of the World | author=Lewis, M. Paul (ed.) | year=2009 }}</ref> Singapore's historical roots as a [[Early history of Singapore|trading settlement]] gave rise to an influx of foreign traders,<ref name="Lee (2013)" /> and their languages were slowly embedded in Singapore's modern day linguistic repertoire.


==Slovakia==
==Slovakia==

Revision as of 16:15, 2 November 2014

Many countries and national censuses currently enumerate or have previously enumerated their populations by languages, native language, home language, level of knowing language or a combination of these characteristics.

Abkhazia

Afghanistan

Albania

Algeria

Andorra

Angola

Argentina

Armenia

Australia

Austria

Azerbaijan

Native language according to the census in 2009 [1]

Language Both genders Male Female
Total 8 922 447 4 414 398 4 508 049
Azerbaijani 8 253 196 4 101 575 4 151 621
Russian 122 449 45 538 76 911
Armenian 120 237 57 912 62 325
Talish 68 689 34 154 34 535
Avar 46 610 23 107 23 503
Turkish 32 064 16 465 15 599
Tatar 24 146 10 614 13 532
Tat 22 803 11 485 11 318
Ukrainian 20 988 9 456 11 532
Tsakhur 11 734 5 915 5 819
Georgian 10 356 4 978 5 378
Hebrew 8 493 4 046 4 447
Udi 3 795 1 839 1 956
Other[2] 176 887 87 314 89 573

Bahamas

Bahrain

Bangladesh

Barbados

Belarus

Belgium

Further information: Language legislation in Belgium

In the past, Belgium held a census each ten years, including a language census (nl/fr). Since 1932, the results of this census defined to which official language a municipality belonged (Dutch, French or German). However, this caused a lot of conflicts along the language border, in Brussels and its periphery (due to the Francization of Brussels). The territory of Belgium was consequently divided into four definitive official language areas[3] and the language census was abolished, effective 1 September 1963. No national language censuses have been held since then.

Belize

Benin

Bermuda

Bhutan

Bolivia

According to the last census in 2012 [4]

Language People
Spanish 6,097,122
Quechua 2,124,040
Aymara 1,462,286
Foreign 241,417
Guarani 57,218
Another Native 43,953
No talking 14,960

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Botswana

Brazil

Brunei

>

Bulgaria

In the Bulgarian census, the question about the mother tongue and the ethnic group is an optional one. The results among the people that have answered both questions according to the latest census in 2011 are:[5]

Language People
Bulgarian 5,631,759
Turkish 604,246
Romani 280,979
Armenian 5,567
Russian 15,211
Romanian 5,454
Greek 3,182
Aromanian 1,815
Ukrainian 1,691
Macedonian 1,376
Tatar 1,367
Arabic 1,321
Hebrew 141
Other 9,946
Does not self-identify 47,458
Did not answer 753,057
Population 7,364,570

Burkina Faso

Burma

Burundi

Cambodia

Cameroon

Canada

Cape Verde

Central African Republic

Chad

Chile

China

Colombia

Democratic Republic of Congo

Republic of Congo

Costa Rica

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Republic

The first official censuses for the Czech lands (then part Austria-Hungary) in the years 1869-1910 recorded each person's "language of communication" ("obcovací řeč"). This used to be criticised by linguistic minorities as representing the language of a person's surroundings rather than his or her own. The Czechoslovak censuses (1921, 1930, 1950, 1961, 1980) did not register respondents' language but "národnost" (ethnicity) which was to be assessed primarily, but not exclusively, on the basis of the person's "maternal tongue" ("mateřská řeč"). The 1970 census as well as modern censuses (1990, 2001, 2011) register both "ethnicity" and "maternal tongue" (which was, for example in the 2001 census, defined as "the language in which your mother or the persons having raised you spoke with you during your childhood"[6]).[7] The 2011 census form was the first to allow a person to claim two native languages. While certain options are habitually suggested in the form (in 2011: Czech, Slovak, Romani, Polish, German, sign language), the possibility "Other" can be chosen together with completing one's own specification. Unlike "ethnicity", this is an obligatory field in the form.[8]

As the 2011 census introduced the possibility to state two native languages, the table below includes the number in both languages’ rows.

Language 2001 census[9] 2011 census[10]
Czech¹ 9,707,397 9,530,518
Slovak 208,723 235,475
Polish 50,738 50,877
German 41,328 40,790
Romani 23,211 40,370
English 3,791 7,202
Arabic — 2,671
Belarussian — 826
Bosnian — 726
Bulgarian — 5,405
Chinese — 3,422
French — 2,056
Croatian — 1,392
Italian — 1,418
Hungarian — 9,286
Moldavian — 2,211
Mongolian — 3,333
Romanian — 2,711
Rusyn — 777
Russian 18,746 31,622
Greek — 1,362
Serbian — 1,931
Spanish — 1,916
Ukrainian — 48,250
Vietnamese — 30,830
Signing — 7,216
Others, unknown 176,126 464,056

¹ Including Moravian language (62,908 in 2011)

Denmark

Danish censuses did not include inquires on languages. The last one was in 1970.

Djibouti

Dominica

Dominican Republic

East Timor

Biggest language groups in sucos of East Timor.
Further information: Languages of East Timor

Speakers by mother tongue in census 2010.[11]

  • National languages:
    • Atauro (Wetarese, including Dadu'a, Rahesuk, Raklungu and Resuk): 8,400
    • Bekais (Becais, Welaun): 3,887
    • Bunak (Bunaq, Búnaque, Buna`, Bunake, Mgai, Gai, Marae): 55,837
    • Fataluku (Fataluco, Fatalukunu, Dagaga, Dagoda, Dagada): 37,779
    • Galoli (Galóli, Lo'ok, Galole, Galolen, Glolen): 13,066
    • Habun (Habo): 2,741
    • Idalaka (Idalaca, including Idaté, Lakalei, Isní und Lolein): 18,854
    • Kawaimina (Cauaimina, including Kairui, Waimaha, Midiki, Naueti): 49,096
    • Kemak (Ema, Quémaque): 61,969
    • Makuva (Makuwa, Maku'a, Lovaia, Lovaea): 56
    • Makalero (Macalero, Maklere): 7,802
    • Makasae (Macasae, Makasai, Makassai, Makassae, Macassai, Ma'asae, including Sa'ane): 101,854
    • Mambai (Mambae, Manbae): 131,361
    • Tokodede (Tocodede, Tukude, Tokodé, Tocod): 39,483
    • Baikeno (Dawan): 62,201
  • Other languages:

Ecuador

Egypt

Equatorial Guinea

El Salvador

Eritrea

Estonia

Further information: Languages of Estonia

According to the 2011 Population and Housing Census (PHC 2011) 157 (up from 109 in 2000) different languages are spoken as native language in Estonia. Of those 25 have more than 100 speakers.[12]

Estonian is the official language of Estonia and 886,859 or 68.5% of permanent residents spoke it as native language.[12] Russian is spoken by 383,062 (29.6%), Ukrainian by 8,012 (0.6%), Finnish by 2,617 (0.17%) and Belorussian by 1,663 (0.13%). Other languages have less than thousand speakers.

Ethiopia

Faroe Islands

Further information: Languages of Denmark

There are two official languages in the Faroe Islands, Danish and Faroese.[13] According to the public census Hagstova Føroya in 2014, more than 90 percent had Faroese as their first language.[14] The entire list of spoken languages in 2014 is:[15]

Faroese 45 361 (90.8%)
Danish 1546 (3.1%)
Icelandic 201 (0.4%)
English 190 (0.3%)
Filipino 103 (0.2%)
Norwegian 99 (0.2%)
Thai 86 (0.1%)
Romanian 67 (0.1%)
Greenlandic 62 (0.1%)
Serbian 57 (0.1%)
Russian 55 (0.1%)
Spanish 49 (0.1%)
Swedish 45 (0.09%)
Polish 40 (0.08%)
Chinese 29 (0.06%)

Fiji

Finland

France

Further information: Languages of France

France recognizes but one language, French, declared national language. Other indigenous languages have no official status, although their teaching is tolerated in some places under specific conditions, and there has never been any question about languages in a French national census.

However, the March 1999 census was associated with an INSEE survey "Study of family history" for 380 thousand people, including questions about language transmission.[16][17]

Gabon

Georgia

Germany

The census 2011 and the West-German census 1987 did not inquire about language.

Ghana

Greece

Guatemala

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Guyana

Haiti

Honduras

Hungary

Starting from 1880 the Hungarian census system was based on native language (the language spoken at home in the early life of the person and at the time of the survey), vulgar language (the most frequently used language in the family), and other spoken languages.

Native language according to the last census in 2011[18]

Language 1930 census 1970 census 1980 census 1990 census 2001 census 2011 census
Hungarian 8,000,335 10,152,366 10,579,898 10,222,529 9,546,374 8,409,049
Romani, beas 7,841 34,692 27,915 48,072 48,438 54,339
German 477,153 33,653 31,231 37,511 33,774 38,248
Romanian 16,221 12,356 10,141 8,730 8,482 13,886
Croatian 47,332 21,855 20,484 17,577 14,326 13,716
Slovakian 104,786 21,086 16,054 12,745 11,817 9,888
Serbian 7,031 11,177 3,426 2,953 3,388 3,708
Ukrainian ... ... ... 674 4,885 3,384
Polish 5,161 ... ... 3,788 2,580 3,049
Bulgarian 2,816 ... ... 1,370 1,299 2,899
Greek 82 ... ... 1,640 1,921 1,872
Slovenian 5,464 3,791 3,142 2,627 3,180 1,723
Rusin 996 ... ... ... 1,113 999
Armenian 122 ... ... 37 294 444
Russian ... ... ... 3,902 3,257 7,382
Chinese 15 ... ... 204 2,414 5,819
Arabian ... ... ... 1,456 1,438 2,929
Vietnamese ... ... ... 1,258 1,085 2,674
Other languages ... 15,083 17,172 8,944 36,270 21,657
Unknown - - - - 541,106 1,443,840
Population 8,685,109 10,300,996 10,709,463 10,374,823 10,198,315 9,937,628

Iceland

India

Indonesia

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Questions relating to the ability to speak the Irish Language are included in the census. The figures obtained have been criticised as inflated by cognitive biases, such as response bias or wishful thinking. [citation needed] The 2006 census included an additional question on frequency of speaking Irish.

Israel

Italy

Censuses in Italy do not inquire about language.

Ivory Coast

Jamaica

Japan

Kazakhstan

Kenya

Kosovo

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Laos

Latvia

Lesotho

Liberia

Libya

Liechtenstein

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Some figures from the 2011 census:

Main language spoken as of 1 Febrary 2011 (in %)

Main language %
Luxembourgish 55,8
Portuguese 15,7
French 12,1
German 3,1
Italian 2,9
Other languages 8,4
Total 100

Source: STATEC - RP2011, Langue principale parlée au 1er février 2011, en %

Languages spoken at work, at school and/or at home on 1 February 2011 (multiple answers possible)

Languages Number op people %
Luxembourgish 323.557 70,5
French 255.669 55,7
German 140.590 30,6
English 96.427 21,0
Portuguese 91.872 20,0
Italian 28.561 6,2
other languages 55.298 12,1
Total 458.900 100,0

Source : STATEC - RP2011: Langues parlées au travail, à l’école et/ou à la maison au 1er février 2011 (réponses multiples possibles)

Number of languages spoken at work, at school and/or at home, as of 1 February 2011

Number of languages number of persons percentage
1 182.609 39,79
2 119.103 25,95
3 79.651 17,36
4 58.642 12,78
5 16.212 3,53
6 2.203 0,48
7 480 0,10
Average 2,2

Source : STATEC - RP2011: Nombre de langues parlées au 1er février 2011

Macedonia

Further information: Languages of the Republic of Macedonia

As of the last national census in 2002, of the republic's 2,022,547 people, 67% speak Macedonian as their mother tongue. The next most common mother tongue is Albanian with 25% of the population. Other minority languages include Turkish (3.6%), Romani (1.9%), and the Serbo-croatian languages (1.6%).[19]

Madagascar

Malawi

Malaysia

Further information: Languages of Malaysia

The national or official language is Malay which is the mother tongue of the majority Malay ethnic group. The main ethnic groups within Malaysia comprise the Malays, Chinese and Indians, with many other ethnic groups represented in smaller numbers, each with its own languages. The largest native languages spoken in East Malaysia are the Iban, Dusunic and the Kadazan languages. English is widely understood in service industries and is a compulsory subject in primary and secondary school. It is also the main language spoken in most private colleges and universities. Beside that, English may take precedence over Malay in certain official contexts as provided for by the National Language Act, especially in the states of Sabah and Sarawak, where it may be the official working language.

Malaysia contains speakers of 137 living languages,[20] 41 of which are found in Peninsula Malaysia.[21] The government provides schooling at the primary level in each of the three major languages, Malay, Chinese (Mandarin), and Tamil. Within these three there are a number of dialectal differences.[22]

Mali

Malta

Mauritania

Mauritius

Mexico

Moldova

Monaco

Mongolia

Montenegro

Morocco

Mozambique

Nagorno Karabakh

Namibia

Nauru

Nepal

Netherlands

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Niger

Nigeria

North Korea

Norway

In the Norwegian census of 1970, in limited areas in Northern Norway, people were identified by ethnicity and language. Such information has not been included in any census since then.[23]

Oman

Pakistan

Palau

Palestine

Panama

Papua New Guinea

Paraguay

Peru

Philippines

Poland

In the 2002 census and 2011 census was the possibility to state more than one home languages, while in 2011 census was also possibility to state native languages; the table below includes the number in all languages’ rows.

Language 2002 census
(home language)[24]		 2011 census
(home language)[25]		 2011 census
(native language)[26]
Polish 37,405,335 37,815,606 37,656,090
English 89,874 103,541 5,624
Belarussian 40,650 26,448 17,480
French 15,282 10,677 3,488
Kashubian 52,665 108,140 13,799
German 204,573 96,461 58,170
Romani 15,788 14,468 8,612
Russian 15,299 19,805 17,048
Silesian 56,643 529,377 140,012
Ukrainian 22,698 24,539 28,172
Italian 12,001 10,295 2,207
Unknown 772,223 519,698 521,842
Population 38,230,080 38,511,824 38,511,824

Portugal

Puerto Rico

Qatar

Romania

According to the last census in 2011 [27]

Language People
Total 20,121,641
Romanian 17,176,544
Hungarian 1,259,914
Romani 245,677
Ukrainian 48,910
German 26,557
Turkish 25,302
Russian 18,946
Tatar 17,677
Serbian 16,805
Slovak 12,802
Bulgarian 6,518
Croatian 5,167
Italian 2,949
Greek 2,561
Czech 2,174
Polish 2,079
Chinese 2,039
Macedonian 769
Armenian 739
Hebrew 643
Other 16,841
Information not available 1,230,028

Russia/Soviet Union

Rwanda

San Marino

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Serbia

Seychelles

Sierra Leone

Singapore

Native languages (mother tongues) of Singaporeans[28]
Language Percent
Mandarin Chinese
 
 50%
English
 
 32%
Malay
 
 12%
Tamil
 
 3%

Singapore has four official languages.[29] The four languages that are recognised by the Singapore Government are: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil.[30] They were chosen to correspond with the major ethnic groups present in Singapore at the time as well as for the following reasons: Mandarin had gained status since the introduction of Chinese-medium schools; Malay was deemed the "most obvious choice" for the Malay community; and Tamil for the largest Indian ethnic group in Singapore, in addition to being "the language with the longest history of education in Malaysia and Singapore".[31] In 2009, more than 20 languages were identified as being spoken in Singapore, reflecting a rich linguistic diversity in the city.[32][33] Singapore's historical roots as a trading settlement gave rise to an influx of foreign traders,[34] and their languages were slowly embedded in Singapore's modern day linguistic repertoire.

Slovakia

Slovenia

Somalia

South Africa

See also: Languages of South Africa

Thirteen options are provided in response to the question "Which two languages does (name) speak most often in this household?", namely the eleven official languages, sign language and "Other".[35]

South Korea

Spain

Sri Lanka

Sudan

Suriname

Swaziland

Sweden

Switzerland

Languages of Switzerland, red German, blue French, green Italian, yellow Romansh
See also: Languages of Switzerland

From 1850 until 2000, Switzerland had a census every 10 years. Beginning in 2010, they switched to a yearly system which used a combination of municipal citizen records and a limited number of surveys.[36] Data on the main language spoken by citizens and non-citizen residents has been collected since at least 1970. Of the four official languages, German is the most commonly spoken, with 64.94% of the total population speaking it in 1970 and 63.67% in 2000. French was spoken by 18.09% in 1970 and 20.38% in 2000, while Italian was 11.86% in 1970 and 6.46% in 2000. The fourth national language, Romansh was spoken by just 0.8% in 1970 and 0.48% in 2000. In the 2000 census, English (1.01%), Spanish (1.06%), Portuguese (1.23%), Serbian and Croatian (1.42%) and Albanian (1.30%) were all spoken by significantly more residents than Romansh.[37]

Selected languages from the 1970 to 2000 census are given in the following table:[37]

Census German French Italian Romansh English Dutch Spanish Slavic
(Except
Czech and
Slovak)		 Czech and
Slovak
1970 4,071,289 1,134,010 743,760 50,339 32,509 11,935 123,708 30,429 13,028
1980 4,140,901 1,172,502 622,226 51,128 38,494 13,228 118,169 65,779 14,570
1990 4,374,694 1,321,695 524,116 39,632 60,786 11,895 116,818 119,541 8,552
2000 4,640,359 1,485,056 470,961 35,095 73,425 11,840 77,506 120,853 7,462

Syria

Tajikistan

Tanzania

Thailand

Togo

Transnistria

Tunisia

Turkey

Main article: Languages of Turkey
Mother Tongue in Turkey[38]
Mother Tongue Percentage
Turkish 84.54
Kurmanji 11.97
Arabic 1.38
Zazaki 1.01
Other Turkic languages 0.28
Balkan languages 0.23
Laz 0.12
Circassian 0.11
Armenian 0.07
Caucasian languages 0.07
Greek 0.06
Nordic Languages 0.04
West European languages 0.03
Jewish languages 0.01
Other 0.09

Turkmenistan

People in Turkmenistan (when it was still a part of the Russian Empire) were enumerated by native tongue in the 1897 Russian Empire Census.[citation needed] In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,[citation needed] Turkmenistan also enumerated people by ethnicity in its only post-Soviet census in 1995.[39]

Uganda

Ukraine

Ethnolinguistic composition of Ukraine.
See also: Censuses in Ukraine, Legislation on languages in Ukraine, and Languages of Ukraine

People in Ukraine (when it was still a part of the Russian Empire) were enumerated by native tongue in the 1897 Russian Empire Census.[40] In addition to the Soviet Union enumerating people by ethnicity for its entire existence,[41] Ukraine also enumerated people by ethnicity and native language in its only post-Soviet census in 2001.[42]

Native language of the population of Ukraine according to the 2001 census.[43]
Language Number of speakers Percent of population
Ukrainian 32,577,468 67.53%
Russian 14,273,670 29.59%
Crimean Tatar 231,382 0.48%
Moldovan 185,032 0.38%
Hungarian 161,618 0.34%
Romanian 142,671 0.30%
Bulgarian 134,396 0.28%
Belarusian 56,249 0.12%
Armenian 51,847 0.11%
Gagauz 23,765 0.05%
Romani 22,603 0.05%
Other language 178,764 0.38%
Did not answer 201,437 0.42%

United Kingdom

United States

Uruguay

Uzbekistan

People in Uzbekistan (when it was still a part of the Russian Empire) were enumerated by native tongue in the 1897 Russian Empire Census.[citation needed] The Soviet Union (to which Uzbekistan also belonged) enumerated people by ethnicity for its entire existence.[citation needed] Uzbekistan has not conducted any censuses at all since 1989.[44]

Vatican City

Vatican City enumerated people by ethnicity in 1948.[citation needed]

Venezuela

Vietnam

People in Vietnam were enumerated by ethnicity in 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009 and 2014.[45]

Yemen

Ethnoreligious composition of Yemen in 2002.

Yemen enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1994.[citation needed] The British Colony of Aden (which is within Yemen's current borders) enumerated its population by ethnicity in 1946 and 1955.[citation needed]

Zambia

Zimbabwe

See also

References

  1. ^ United Nations Statistics Division: Demographic and Social Topics: Population: Statistics: Demographic Yearbook: Introduction: United Nations Demographic Yearbook: Statistics: Population Censuses' Datasets (1995 - Present): Ethnocultural characteristics: Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence. Select filters: Country or Area—>Azerbaijan, Year—>2009, Area—>Total+Urban+Rural, Sex—>Both Sexes+Male+Female, Apply Filters.
  2. ^ mostly Lezgian and also Kurdish, Kryts, Khinalug, and a few other
  3. ^ Article 4 of the Constitution.
  4. ^ "Census in Bolivia".>
  5. ^ "Население по етническа група и майчин език" (in Bulgarian).
  6. ^ "Sheet for the 2001 census" (PDF).
  7. ^ For historical practice of recording nationality and language in censuses see "Historie sčítání (History of censuses)". on the Czech Statistical Office website.
  8. ^ "Sheet for the 2011 census" (PDF).
  9. ^ 2001 Census Results – Tab. 616 Population by age, nationality, native language, religion, education, citizenship, and gender, Czech Statistical Office
  10. ^ 2011 Census results – Tab. 614b Population by age, native language, and gender, Czech Statistical Office
  11. ^ Direcção Nacional de Estatística: Population Distribution by Administrative Areas Volume 2 English (Census 2010; PDF; 22,6 MB)
  12. ^ a b PHC 2011: 157 native languages spoken in Estonia
  13. ^ https://snl.no/F%C3%A6r%C3%B8yene
  14. ^ http://aktuelt.fo/filipinskt+er+5storsta+mal+i+foroyum.html
  15. ^ http://www.hagstova.fo/fo/folkateljing/folkid-111111/filipinsk-og-teilenskt-vunnu-fram-sum-modurmal
  16. ^ Cassan, Francine; Héran, François; Toulemon, Laurent (March 2000). "Étude de l'histoire familiale: l'édition 1999 de l'enquête Famille" (PDF). Courrier des Statistiques (in French). 93. INSEE: 25–37.
  17. ^ Clanché, François (February 2002). "Langues régionales, langues étrangères: de l'héritage à la pratique" (PDF). Insee Première (in French). 830. INSEE.
  18. ^ "1.1.6.1 A népesség anyanyelv, nemzetiség és nemek szerint p.65" (PDF) (in Hungarian). Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Retrieved 2014-11-01.
  19. ^ Macedonian census, language and religion
  20. ^ "Ethnologue report for Malaysia". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
  21. ^ "Ethnologue report for Malaysia (Peninsular)". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 18 October 2010.
  22. ^ Kamila Ghazali. "National Identity and Minority Languages". UN Chronicle. Retrieved 4 September 2013.
  23. ^ "Norwegian National Archives". 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  24. ^ Wyniki Narodowego Spisu Powszechnego Ludności i Mieszkań 2002 w zakresie deklarowanej narodowości oraz języka używanego w domu
  25. ^ GUS: Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna – Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011, p. 96
  26. ^ GUS: Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna – Narodowy Spis Powszechny Ludności i Mieszkań 2011, p. 98
  27. ^ "Recensământul populației și al locuințelor din România" (in Romanian).>
  28. ^ Cite error: The named reference singstat1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  29. ^ "Republic of Singapore Independence Act, s.7".
  30. ^ "Official languages and national language". Constitution of the Republic of Singapore. Retrieved 2010-11-11.
  31. ^ Cite error: The named reference Dixon (2009) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  32. ^ David, Maya Esther (2008). "Language Policies Impact on Language Maintenance and Teaching Focus on Malaysia Singapore and The Philippines" (PDF). University of Malaya Angel David Malaysia.
  33. ^ Lewis, M. Paul (ed.) (2009). "Languages of Singapore". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  34. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lee (2013) was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  35. ^ Census 2011 Household Questionnaire A
  36. ^ Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Die neue Volkszählung - Das System Template:De icon Template:Fr icon accessed 14 August 2014
  37. ^ a b STAT-TAB: The interactive statistics database Template:De icon accessed 14 August 2014
  38. ^ KONDA 2007
  39. ^ http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/171762.pdf
  40. ^ Thomas K. Edlund. The Russian National Census of 1897
  41. ^ Grenoble, L.A. (2003). Language Policy in the Soviet Union. Language Policy. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 27. ISBN 9781402012983.
  42. ^ "Ethnic composition of Ukraine 2001". Pop-stat.mashke.org. Retrieved 2013-03-21.
  43. ^ Розподіл населення регіонів України за рідною мовою (0,1) Template:Uk icon
  44. ^ http://www.nps.edu/programs/ccs/Docs/Central_Asia/Uzbekistan_Overview_June09.pdf
  45. ^ "Sẵn sàng thực hiện điều tra dân số, nhà ở giữa kỳ" (in Vietnamese). Online Newspaper of the Government of Vietnam. 31 March 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
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