Cinderella: Difference between revisions
Wildpinapple (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
ClueBot NG (talk | contribs) m Reverting possible vandalism by Wildpinapple to version by EdgarST. False positive? Report it. Thanks, ClueBot NG. (2022854) (Bot) |
||
Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
|Folk_Tale_Name = Cinderella |
|Folk_Tale_Name = Cinderella |
||
|Image_Name = File:Cinderella - Anne Anderson.jpg |
|Image_Name = File:Cinderella - Anne Anderson.jpg |
||
[[File:Brother grimms.jpg|thumbnail|Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm]] |
|||
|Image_Caption = by A. Andersson |
|Image_Caption = by A. Andersson |
||
|Aarne-Thompson Grouping = AT 510 A ("the persecuted heroine") |
|Aarne-Thompson Grouping = AT 510 A ("the persecuted heroine") |
||
Line 12: | Line 11: | ||
|Related = |
|Related = |
||
}} |
}} |
||
:Cinderella was written by Wilhelm Grimm and along side with his brother Jacob Grimm they published Cinderella in the second volume 1815. This story was the original story of Cinderella. Only a few people know this story because they think Walt Diseny was the first person to invent all the stories. These stories aren't shown to kids even if it's for them. Cinderella story like all are, lets say scary for kids mostly with toddlers. If you want to see the story it will be down below it also is long. |
|||
'''''Cinderella''''', or '''''The Little Glass Slipper''''' ({{lang-fr|Cendrillon, ou La petite Pantoufle de Verre}}, {{lang-it|Cenerentola}}, {{lang-de|Aschenputtel}}), is a European [[Folklore|folk tale]] embodying a [[myth]]-element of unjust oppression in ''[[Histoires ou contes du temps passé]]'' published by [[Charles Perrault]] in 1697,<ref>Bottigheimer, Ruth. (2008). "Before ''Contes du temps passe'' (1697): Charles Perrault's ''Griselidis'', ''Souhaits'' and ''Peau''". ''The Romantic Review'', Volume 99, Number 3. pp. 175–89</ref> and by the [[Brothers Grimm]] in their folk tale collection ''[[Grimms' Fairy Tales]]''. |
|||
Although both the story's title and the character's name change in different languages, in English-language folklore "Cinderella" is the archetypal name. The word "[[wikt:Cinderella|Cinderella]]" has, by analogy, come to mean one whose attributes were unrecognized, or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect. The still-popular story of "Cinderella" continues to influence popular culture internationally, lending plot elements, [[allusions]], and [[trope (literature)|tropes]] to a wide variety of media. |
|||
The [[Aarne–Thompson classification system|Aarne–Thompson]] system classifies Cinderella as "the persecuted heroine". The story of [[Rhodopis]] about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt is considered the earliest known variant of the "Cinderella" story and many variants are known throughout the world.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm|last=Zipes|first=Jack|authorlink=Jack Zipes|year=2001|publisher=W. W. Norton & Co|isbn= 978-0-393-97636-6|page= 444}}</ref><ref>Dundes, Alan. Cinderella, a Casebook. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.</ref><ref name="Green 2011, chapter '''The Land of Egypt'''">Roger Lancelyn Green: ''Tales of Ancient Egypt'', Penguin UK, 2011, ISBN 978-0-14-133822-4, chapter ''The Land of Egypt''</ref> |
|||
== Plot == |
== Plot == |
||
=== '' |
=== ''Cenerentola'', by Basile === |
||
[[Giambattista Basile]], a Neapolitan soldier and government official, wrote ''Lo cunto de li cunti'' (The Story of Stories), or ''[[Pentamerone]]''. It featured the tale of Cenerentola, which features a wicked and evil stepmother and two evil stepsisters, magical transformations, a missing slipper, and a hunt by a prince for the owner of the slipper. It was published posthumously in 1634. |
|||
It featured the tale of Cinderella, Witch a step-mother and her beautiful daughters that are vile. Cinderella want to go to the ball but when her step-mother doesn't want to let her go so she makes her clean. this story is way diff for the diseny story. |
|||
'''Plot:''' |
|||
:A widowed prince has a daughter, Zezolla (the Cinderella figure), who is tended by a beloved governess. The governess, with Zezolla's help, persuades the prince to marry her. The governess then brings forward six daughters of her own, who abuse Zezolla, and send her into the kitchen to work as a servant. The prince goes into the island of Sardinia, meets a fairy who gives presents to his daughter, and brings back for her, a golden spade, a golden bucket, a silken napkin, and a date seedling. The girl cultivates the tree, and when the king gives a ball, Zezolla appears dressed richly by a fairy living in the date tree. The king falls in love with her, but Zezolla runs away before he can find out who she is. Twice Zezolla escapes the king and his servants. The third time, the king's servant captures one of her slippers. The king invites all of the maidens in the land to a feast with a shoe-test, identifies Zezolla after the shoe jumps from his hand to her foot, and eventually marries her.<ref>Basile, Giambattista (1911). ''Stories from Pentamerone'', London: Macmillan & Co., translated by John Edward Taylor. [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2198/2198-h/2198-h.htm#chap06 Chapter 6]. See also [http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/pentamerone/6cenerentola1911.html "Il Pentamerone: Cenerentola"]</ref> |
|||
=== ''Cendrillon'', by Perrault === |
|||
[[File:Cinderella - Project Gutenberg etext 19993.jpg|thumb|right|[[Oliver Herford]] illustrated the fairy godmother inspired by the Perrault version]] |
|||
[[File:Cindarella illustration by Charles Robinson 1900.jpg|thumb|Cindarella illustration by Charles Robinson, 1900. From "Tales of Passed Times" with stories by Charles Perrault.]] |
|||
One of the most popular versions of Cinderella was written in French by [[Charles Perrault]] in 1697, under the name ''Cendrillon''. The popularity of his tale was due to his additions to the story, including the pumpkin, the fairy-godmother and the introduction of glass slippers.<ref>A modern edition of the original French text by Perrault is found in Charles Perrault, ''Contes'', ed. Marc Soriano (Paris: Flammarion, 1989), pp. 274–79.</ref> |
|||
'''Plot:''' |
|||
:Once upon a time, there was a widower who married a proud and haughty woman as his second wife. She had two [[false hero|daughters]], who were equally vain and selfish. By his first wife, he'd had a beautiful young daughter, a girl of unparalleled goodness and sweet temper. The [[stepmother]] and her daughters forced the first daughter into servitude, where she was made to work day and night doing menial chores. After the girl's chores were done for the day, she would retire to the barren and cold room given to her, and would curl up near the fireplace in an effort to stay warm. She would often arise covered in cinders, giving rise to the mocking nickname "Cinderella". Cinderella bore the abuse patiently and dared not tell her father, since his wife controlled him entirely. |
|||
:One day, the Prince invited all the young ladies in the land to a [[ball (dance)|ball]], planning to choose a wife from amongst them. The two [[step family|stepsisters]] gleefully planned their wardrobes for the ball, and taunted Cinderella by telling her that maids were not invited to the ball. |
|||
:As the sisters departed to the ball, Cinderella cried in despair. Her [[Fairy Godmother]] magically appeared and immediately began to transform Cinderella from house servant to the young lady she was by birth, all in the effort to get Cinderella to the ball. She turned a [[pumpkin]] into a golden carriage, mice into horses, a rat into a coachman, and lizards into [[footman|footmen]]. She then turned Cinderella's rags into a beautiful jewelled gown, complete with a delicate pair of glass slippers. The Godmother told her to enjoy the ball, but warned that she had to return before midnight, when the [[magic (paranormal)|spells]] would be broken. |
|||
:At the ball, the entire [[noble court|court]] was entranced by Cinderella, especially the Prince. At this first ball, Cinderella remembers to leave before midnight. Back home, Cinderella graciously thanked her Godmother. She then greeted the stepsisters, who had not recognized her earlier and talked of nothing but the beautiful girl at the ball. |
|||
:Another ball was held the next evening, and Cinderella again attended with her Godmother's help. The Prince had become even more infatuated, and Cinderella in turn became so enchanted by him she lost track of time and left only at the final stroke of midnight, losing one of her glass slippers on the steps of the palace in her haste. The Prince chased her, but outside the palace, the guards saw only a simple country girl leave. The Prince pocketed the slipper and vows to find and marry the girl to whom it belonged. Meanwhile, Cinderella kept the other slipper, which did not disappear when the spell was broken. |
|||
:The Prince tried the slipper on all the women in the kingdom. When the Prince arrives at Cinderella's villa, the stepsisters tried in vain to win over the prince. Cinderella asked if she might try, while the stepsisters taunted her. Naturally, the slipper fitted perfectly, and Cinderella produced the other slipper for good measure. The stepsisters both pleaded for forgiveness, and Cinderella agreed to let bygones be bygones. |
|||
:Cinderella married the Prince, and the stepsisters also married two lords. |
|||
The first moral of the story is that beauty is a treasure, but graciousness is priceless. Without it, nothing is possible; with it, one can do anything.<ref name="pitt.edu">{{cite web|url=http://www.pitt.edu/~dash/perrault06.html |title=Perrault: Cinderella; or, The Little Glass Slipper |publisher=Pitt.edu |date=2003-10-08 |accessdate=2014-06-17}}</ref> |
|||
However, the second moral of the story mitigates the first one and reveals the criticism that Perrault is aiming at: |
|||
"Another moral: Without doubt it is a great advantage to have intelligence, courage, good breeding, and common sense. These, and similar talents come only from heaven, and it is good to have them. However, even these may fail to bring you success, without the blessing of a godfather or a godmother."<ref name="pitt.edu"/> |
|||
=== ''Aschenputtel'', by the Brothers Grimm === |
|||
[[File:Aschenputtel.jpg|right|thumb|Aschenputtel with the doves]] |
|||
Another well-known version was recorded by the German brothers [[Brothers Grimm|Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm]] in the 19th century. The tale is called ''"Aschenputtel"'' (''"Cinderella"'' in English translations) and the help comes not from a fairy-godmother but the wishing tree that grows on her mother's grave. |
|||
'''Plot:''' |
|||
:A wealthy gentleman's wife lay on her deathbed, and called her only daughter to her bedside. She asked her to remain good and kind, and told her that God would protect her. She then died and was buried. A year went by and the widower married another woman, who had two daughters of her own. They had beautiful faces and fair skin, but their hearts were cruel and wicked. The stepsisters stole the girl's fine clothes and jewels and forced her to wear rags. They banished her into the kitchen to do the worst chores, and gave her the nickname "Aschenputtel" ("Ashfool".) Despite all of this the girl remained good and kind, and would always go to her mother's grave to cry and pray to God that she would see her circumstances improve. |
|||
:One day, the gentleman visited a fair, promising his stepdaughters gifts of luxury. The eldest asked for beautiful dresses, while the younger for pearls and diamonds. His own daughter merely asked for the first twig to knock his hat off on the way. The gentleman went on his way, and acquires presents for his stepdaughters. While passing a forest he got a hazel twig, and gave it to his daughter. She planted the twig over her mother's grave, watered it with her tears and over the years, it grew into a glowing hazel tree. The girl would pray under it three times a day, and a white bird would always come to comfort her. |
|||
:The king decided to give a festival that would last for three whole days and nights, and invited all the beautiful maidens in the land to attend so that the prince could select one of them as his bride. The two sisters were also invited, but when Aschenputtel begged them to allow her to go with them into the celebration, the stepmother refused because she had no dress nor shoes to wear. When the girl insisted, the woman threw a dish of lentils into the ashes for her to pick up, guaranteeing her permission to attend the festival, and when the girl accomplished the task in less than an hour with the help of two white doves sent by her mother from Heaven, the stepmother only redoubled the task and threw down even a greater quantity of lentils. When Aschenputtel was able to accomplish it in a greater speed, not wanting to spoil her daughters' chances, the stepmother hastened away with them to the ball and left the crying stepdaughter behind. |
|||
:The girl retreated to the graveyard to ask for help. The white bird dropped a white gown and silk shoes. She went to the ball, with the warning that she must leave before midnight. The prince danced with her, but she eluded him before midnight struck. The next evening, the girl appeared in a much grander gown of silver and glass shoes. The prince fell in love with her and danced with her for the whole evening, but when midnight came, she left again. The third evening, she appeared dressed in spun gold with slippers of gold. Now the prince was determined to keep her, and had the entire stairway smeared with pitch. Aschenputtel lost track of time, and when she ran away one of her golden slippers got stuck on that pitch. The prince proclaimed that he would marry the maiden whose foot would fit the golden slipper. |
|||
:The next morning, the prince went to Aschenputtel's house and tried the slipper on the eldest stepsister. The sister was advised by her mother to cut off her toes in order to fit the slipper. While riding with the stepsister, the two doves from Heaven told the Prince that blood dripped from her foot. Appalled by her treachery, he went back again and tried the slipper on the other stepsister. She cut off part of her heel in order to get her foot in the slipper, and again the prince was fooled. While riding with her to the king's castle, the doves alerted him again about the blood on her foot. He came back to inquire about another girl. The gentleman told him that they kept a kitchen-maid in the house – omitting to mention that she was his own daughter – and the prince asked him to let her try on the slipper. The girl appeared after washing herself, and when she put on the slipper, the prince recognized her as the stranger with whom he had danced at the ball. |
|||
:In the end, during Aschenputtel's wedding, as she was walking down the aisle with her stepsisters as her bridesmaids, (they had hoped to worm their way into her favour), the doves from Heaven flew down and struck the two stepsisters' eyes, one in the left and the other in the right. When the wedding came to an end, and Aschenputtel and her prince marched out of the church, the doves flew again, striking the remaining eyes of the two evil sisters blind, a punishment they had to endure for the rest of their lives.<ref>[http://www.gutenberg.org/files/19068/19068-h/19068-h.htm#illus-135 Aschenputtel], included in ''Household Stories'' by the Brothers Grimm, translated by Lucy Crane, at [[Project Gutenberg]]</ref> |
|||
Aschenputtel's relationship with her father in this version is ambiguous; [[Charles Perrault|Perrault]]'s version states that the absent father is dominated by his second wife, explaining why he does not prevent the abuse of his daughter. However, the father in this tale plays an active role in several scenes, and it is not explained why he tolerates the mistreatment of his child. He also describes Aschenputtel as his "first wife's child" and not his own. |
|||
== Folkloristics == |
|||
[[File:Cendrillon2 crop.jpg|thumb|||Cinderella or Cendrillon in French. Detail from [[Gustave Doré]]'s illustration for ''Cendrillon'']] |
|||
Folklorists have long studied variants on this tale across cultures.<ref name="fits">"[http://www.artic.edu/webspaces/510iftheshoefits/2criteria.html If The Shoe Fits: Folklorists' criteria for #510]"</ref> In 1893, [[Marian Roalfe Cox]], commissioned by [[the Folklore Society]] of Britain, produced ''Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-Five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin and, Cap o'Rushes, Abstracted and Tabulated with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes.''<ref name="fits"/> |
|||
Further [[morphology (folkloristics)|morphology]] studies have continued on this seminal work.<ref name="fits"/> |
|||
== P.S == this story is old and i think you might have to look up some of the words to understand more the story |
|||
The [[Aarne–Thompson classification system|Aarne–Thompson]] system classifies ''Cinderella'' as type 510A, "the persecuted heroine". Others of this type include ''[[The Sharp Grey Sheep]]'', ''[[The Golden Slipper]]'', ''[[The Story of Tam and Cam]]'', ''[[Rushen Coatie]]'', ''[[The Wonderful Birch]]'', ''[[Fair, Brown and Trembling]]'' and ''[[Katie Woodencloak]]''.<ref> |
|||
'''The full story:''' |
|||
Heidi Anne Heiner, "[http://www.surlalunefairytales.com/cinderella/other.html Tales Similar to Cinderella]" |
|||
:Cinderella |
|||
</ref> |
|||
The wife of a rich man fell sick, and as she felt that her end |
|||
was drawing near, she called her only daughter to her bedside and |
|||
said, dear child, be good and pious, and then the |
|||
good God will always protect you, and I will look down on you |
|||
from heaven and be near you. Thereupon she closed her eyes and |
|||
departed. Every day the maiden went out to her mother's grave, |
|||
and wept, and she remained pious and good. When winter came |
|||
the snow spread a white sheet over the grave, and by the time the |
|||
spring sun had drawn it off again, the man had taken another wife. |
|||
The woman had brought with her into the house two daughters, |
|||
who were beautiful and fair of face, but vile and black of heart. |
|||
Now began a bad time for the poor step-child. Is the stupid goose |
|||
to sit in the parlor with us, they said. He who wants to eat bread |
|||
must earn it. Out with the kitchen-wench. They took her pretty |
|||
clothes away from her, put an old grey bedgown on her, and gave |
|||
her wooden shoes. Just look at the proud princess, how decked |
|||
out she is, they cried, and laughed, and led her into the kitchen. |
|||
There she had to do hard work from morning till night, get up |
|||
before daybreak, carry water, light fires, cook and wash. Besides |
|||
this, the sisters did her every imaginable injury - they mocked her |
|||
and emptied her peas and lentils into the ashes, so that she was |
|||
forced to sit and pick them out again. In the evening when she had |
|||
worked till she was weary she had no bed to go to, but had to sleep |
|||
by the hearth in the cinders. And as on that account she always |
|||
looked dusty and dirty, they called her cinderella. |
|||
It happened that the father was once going to the fair, and he |
|||
asked his two step-daughters what he should bring back for them. |
|||
Beautiful dresses, said one, pearls and jewels, said the second. |
|||
And you, cinderella, said he, what will you have. Father |
|||
break off for me the first branch which knocks against your hat on |
|||
your way home. So he bought beautiful dresses, pearls and jewels |
|||
for his two step-daughters, and on his way home, as he was riding |
|||
through a green thicket, a hazel twig brushed against him and |
|||
knocked off his hat. Then he broke off the branch and took it with |
|||
him. When he reached home he gave his step-daughters the things |
|||
which they had wished for, and to cinderella he gave the branch |
|||
from the hazel-bush. Cinderella thanked him, went to her mother's |
|||
grave and planted the branch on it, and wept so much that the tears |
|||
fell down on it and watered it. And it grew and became a handsome |
|||
tree. Thrice a day cinderella went and sat beneath it, and wept and |
|||
prayed, and a little white bird always came on the tree, and if |
|||
cinderella expressed a wish, the bird threw down to her what she |
|||
had wished for. |
|||
It happened, however, that the king gave orders for a festival |
|||
which was to last three days, and to which all the beautiful young |
|||
girls in the country were invited, in order that his son might choose |
|||
himself a bride. When the two step-sisters heard that they too were |
|||
to appear among the number, they were delighted, called cinderella |
|||
and said, comb our hair for us, brush our shoes and fasten our |
|||
buckles, for we are going to the wedding at the king's palace. |
|||
Cinderella obeyed, but wept, because she too would have liked to |
|||
go with them to the dance, and begged her step-mother to allow |
|||
her to do so. You go, cinderella, said she, covered in dust and |
|||
dirt as you are, and would go to the festival. You have no clothes |
|||
and shoes, and yet would dance. As, however, cinderella went on |
|||
asking, the step-mother said at last, I have emptied a dish of |
|||
lentils into the ashes for you, if you have picked them out again in |
|||
two hours, you shall go with us. The maiden went through the |
|||
back-door into the garden, and called, you tame pigeons, you |
|||
turtle-doves, and all you birds beneath the sky, come and help me |
|||
to pick |
|||
the good into the pot, |
|||
the bad into the crop. |
|||
Then two white pigeons came in by the kitchen window, and |
|||
afterwards the turtle-doves, and at last all the birds beneath the |
|||
sky, came whirring and crowding in, and alighted amongst the ashes. |
|||
And the pigeons nodded with their heads and began pick, pick, |
|||
pick, pick, and the rest began also pick, pick, pick, pick, and |
|||
gathered all the good grains into the dish. Hardly had one hour |
|||
passed before they had finished, and all flew out again. Then the |
|||
girl took the dish to her step-mother, and was glad, and believed |
|||
that now she would be allowed to go with them to the festival. |
|||
But the step-mother said, no, cinderella, you have no clothes and |
|||
you can not dance. You would only be laughed at. And as |
|||
cinderella wept at this, the step-mother said, if you can pick two |
|||
dishes of lentils out of the ashes for me in one hour, you shall go |
|||
with us. And she thought to herself, that she most certainly |
|||
cannot do again. When the step-mother had emptied the two |
|||
dishes of lentils amongst the ashes, the maiden went through the |
|||
back-door into the garden and cried, you tame pigeons, you |
|||
turtle-doves, and all you birds beneath the sky, come and help me |
|||
to pick |
|||
the good into the pot, |
|||
the bad into the crop. |
|||
Then two white pigeons came in by the kitchen-window, and |
|||
afterwards the turtle-doves, and at length all the birds beneath the |
|||
sky, came whirring and crowding in, and alighted amongst the |
|||
ashes. And the doves nodded with their heads and began pick, |
|||
pick, pick, pick, and the others began also pick, pick, pick, pick, |
|||
and gathered all the good seeds into the dishes, and before half an |
|||
hour was over they had already finished, and all flew out again. |
|||
Then the maiden was delighted, and believed that she might now go |
|||
with them to the wedding. But the step-mother said, all this will |
|||
not help. You cannot go with us, for you have no clothes and can |
|||
not dance. We should be ashamed of you. On this she turned her |
|||
back on cinderella, and hurried away with her two proud daughters. |
|||
As no one was now at home, cinderella went to her mother's |
|||
grave beneath the hazel-tree, and cried - |
|||
shiver and quiver, little tree, |
|||
silver and gold throw down over me. |
|||
Then the bird threw a gold and silver dress down to her, and |
|||
slippers embroidered with silk and silver. She put on the dress |
|||
with all speed, and went to the wedding. Her step-sisters and the |
|||
step-mother however did not know her, and thought she must be a |
|||
foreign princess, for she looked so beautiful in the golden dress. |
|||
They never once thought of cinderella, and believed that she was |
|||
sitting at home in the dirt, picking lentils out of the ashes. The |
|||
prince approached her, took her by the hand and danced with her. |
|||
He would dance with no other maiden, and never let loose of her |
|||
hand, and if any one else came to invite her, he said, this is my |
|||
partner. |
|||
She danced till it was evening, and then she wanted to go home. |
|||
But the king's son said, I will go with you and bear you company, |
|||
for he wished to see to whom the beautiful maiden belonged. |
|||
She escaped from him, however, and sprang into the |
|||
pigeon-house. The king's son waited until her father came, and |
|||
then he told him that the unknown maiden had leapt into the |
|||
pigeon-house. The old man thought, can it be cinderella. And |
|||
they had to bring him an axe and a pickaxe that he might hew |
|||
the pigeon-house to pieces, but no one was inside it. And when they |
|||
got home cinderella lay in her dirty clothes among the ashes, and |
|||
a dim little oil-lamp was burning on the mantle-piece, for |
|||
cinderella had jumped quickly down from the back of the pigeon-house |
|||
and had run to the little hazel-tree, and there she had taken off |
|||
her beautiful clothes and laid them on the grave, and the bird had |
|||
taken them away again, and then she had seated herself in the |
|||
kitchen amongst the ashes in her grey gown. |
|||
Next day when the festival began afresh, and her parents and |
|||
the step-sisters had gone once more, cinderella went to the |
|||
hazel-tree and said - |
|||
shiver and quiver, my little tree, |
|||
silver and gold throw down over me. |
|||
Then the bird threw down a much more beautiful dress than on |
|||
the preceding day. And when cinderella appeared at the wedding |
|||
in this dress, every one was astonished at her beauty. The king's |
|||
son had waited until she came, and instantly took her by the hand |
|||
and danced with no one but her. When others came and invited |
|||
her, he said, this is my partner. When evening came she wished |
|||
to leave, and the king's son followed her and wanted to see into |
|||
which house she went. But she sprang away from him, and into |
|||
the garden behind the house. Therein stood a beautiful tall tree on |
|||
which hung the most magnificent pears. She clambered so nimbly |
|||
between the branches like a squirrel that the king's son did not |
|||
know where she was gone. He waited until her father came, and |
|||
said to him, the unknown maiden has escaped from me, and I |
|||
believe she has climbed up the pear-tree. The father thought, |
|||
can it be cinderella. And had an axe brought and cut the |
|||
tree down, but no one was on it. And when they got into the |
|||
kitchen, cinderella lay there among the ashes, as usual, for she |
|||
had jumped down on the other side of the tree, had taken the |
|||
beautiful dress to the bird on the little hazel-tree, and put on her |
|||
grey gown. |
|||
On the third day, when the parents and sisters had gone away, |
|||
cinderella went once more to her mother's grave and said to the |
|||
little tree - |
|||
shiver and quiver, my little tree, |
|||
silver and gold throw down over me. |
|||
And now the bird threw down to her a dress which was more |
|||
splendid and magnificent than any she had yet had, and the |
|||
slippers were golden. And when she went to the festival in the |
|||
dress, no one knew how to speak for astonishment. The king's son |
|||
danced with her only, and if any one invited her to dance, he said |
|||
this is my partner. |
|||
When evening came, cinderella wished to leave, and the king's |
|||
son was anxious to go with her, but she escaped from him so quickly |
|||
that he could not follow her. The king's son, however, had |
|||
employed a ruse, and had caused the whole staircase to be smeared |
|||
with pitch, and there, when she ran down, had the maiden's left |
|||
slipper remained stuck. The king's son picked it up, and it was |
|||
small and dainty, and all golden. Next morning, he went with it to |
|||
the father, and said to him, no one shall be my wife but she whose |
|||
foot this golden slipper fits. Then were the two sisters glad, |
|||
for they had pretty feet. The eldest went with the shoe into her |
|||
room and wanted to try it on, and her mother stood by. But she |
|||
could not get her big toe into it, and the shoe was too small for |
|||
her. Then her mother gave her a knife and said, cut the toe off, |
|||
when you are queen you will have no more need to go on foot. The |
|||
maiden cut the toe off, forced the foot into the shoe, swallowed |
|||
the pain, and went out to the king's son. Then he took her on his |
|||
his horse as his bride and rode away with her. They were |
|||
obliged, however, to pass the grave, and there, on the hazel-tree, |
|||
sat the two pigeons and cried - |
|||
turn and peep, turn and peep, |
|||
there's blood within the shoe, |
|||
the shoe it is too small for her, |
|||
the true bride waits for you. |
|||
Then he looked at her foot and saw how the blood was trickling |
|||
from it. He turned his horse round and took the false bride |
|||
home again, and said she was not the true one, and that the |
|||
other sister was to put the shoe on. Then this one went into her |
|||
chamber and got her toes safely into the shoe, but her heel was |
|||
too large. So her mother gave her a knife and said, cut a bit |
|||
off your heel, when you are queen you will have no more need |
|||
to go on foot. The maiden cut a bit off her heel, forced |
|||
her foot into the shoe, swallowed the pain, and went out to the |
|||
king's son. He took her on his horse as his bride, and rode away |
|||
with her, but when they passed by the hazel-tree, the two pigeons |
|||
sat on it and cried - |
|||
turn and peep, turn and peep, |
|||
there's blood within the shoe, |
|||
the shoe it is too small for her, |
|||
the true bride waits for you. |
|||
He looked down at her foot and saw how the blood was running |
|||
out of her shoe, and how it had stained her white stocking quite |
|||
red. Then he turned his horse and took the false bride home |
|||
again. This also is not the right one, said he, have you no |
|||
other daughter. No, said the man, there is still a little |
|||
stunted kitchen-wench which my late wife left behind her, but |
|||
she cannot possibly be the bride. The king's son said he was |
|||
to send her up to him, but the mother answered, oh, no, she is |
|||
much too dirty, she cannot show herself. But he absolutely |
|||
insisted on it, and cinderella had to be called. She first |
|||
washed her hands and face clean, and then went and bowed down |
|||
before the king's son, who gave her the golden shoe. Then she |
|||
seated herself on a stool, drew her foot out of the heavy |
|||
wooden shoe, and put it into the slipper, which fitted like a |
|||
glove. And when she rose up and the king's son looked at her |
|||
face he recognized the beautiful maiden who had danced with |
|||
him and cried, that is the true bride. The step-mother and |
|||
the two sisters were horrified and became pale with rage, he, |
|||
however, took cinderella on his horse and rode away with her. As |
|||
they passed by the hazel-tree, the two white doves cried - |
|||
turn and peep, turn and peep, |
|||
no blood is in the shoe, |
|||
the shoe is not too small for her, |
|||
the true bride rides with you, |
|||
and when they had cried that, the two came flying down and |
|||
placed themselves on cinderella's shoulders, one on the right, |
|||
the other on the left, and remained sitting there. |
|||
When the wedding with the king's son was to be celebrated, the |
|||
two false sisters came and wanted to get into favor with |
|||
cinderella and share her good fortune. When the betrothed |
|||
couple went to church, the elder was at the right side and the |
|||
younger at the left, and the pigeons pecked out one eye from |
|||
each of them. Afterwards as they came back the elder was at |
|||
the left, and the younger at the right, and then the pigeons |
|||
pecked out the other eye from each. And thus, for their |
|||
wickedness and falsehood, they were punished with blindness |
|||
all their days.<ref>http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~spok/grimmtmp/016.txt</ref> |
|||
== Adaptations == |
== Adaptations == |
Revision as of 00:32, 10 November 2014
Cinderella | |
---|---|
File:Cinderella - Anne Anderson.jpg by A. Andersson | |
Folk tale | |
Name | Cinderella |
Also known as | French: Cendrillon, Italian: Cenerentola, German: Aschenputtel |
Aarne–Thompson grouping | AT 510 A ("the persecuted heroine") |
Region | Eurasia |
Cinderella, or The Little Glass Slipper (French: Cendrillon, ou La petite Pantoufle de Verre, Italian: Cenerentola, German: Aschenputtel), is a European folk tale embodying a myth-element of unjust oppression in Histoires ou contes du temps passé published by Charles Perrault in 1697,[1] and by the Brothers Grimm in their folk tale collection Grimms' Fairy Tales.
Although both the story's title and the character's name change in different languages, in English-language folklore "Cinderella" is the archetypal name. The word "Cinderella" has, by analogy, come to mean one whose attributes were unrecognized, or one who unexpectedly achieves recognition or success after a period of obscurity and neglect. The still-popular story of "Cinderella" continues to influence popular culture internationally, lending plot elements, allusions, and tropes to a wide variety of media.
The Aarne–Thompson system classifies Cinderella as "the persecuted heroine". The story of Rhodopis about a Greek slave girl who marries the king of Egypt is considered the earliest known variant of the "Cinderella" story and many variants are known throughout the world.[2][3][4]
Plot
Cenerentola, by Basile
Giambattista Basile, a Neapolitan soldier and government official, wrote Lo cunto de li cunti (The Story of Stories), or Pentamerone. It featured the tale of Cenerentola, which features a wicked and evil stepmother and two evil stepsisters, magical transformations, a missing slipper, and a hunt by a prince for the owner of the slipper. It was published posthumously in 1634.
Plot:
- A widowed prince has a daughter, Zezolla (the Cinderella figure), who is tended by a beloved governess. The governess, with Zezolla's help, persuades the prince to marry her. The governess then brings forward six daughters of her own, who abuse Zezolla, and send her into the kitchen to work as a servant. The prince goes into the island of Sardinia, meets a fairy who gives presents to his daughter, and brings back for her, a golden spade, a golden bucket, a silken napkin, and a date seedling. The girl cultivates the tree, and when the king gives a ball, Zezolla appears dressed richly by a fairy living in the date tree. The king falls in love with her, but Zezolla runs away before he can find out who she is. Twice Zezolla escapes the king and his servants. The third time, the king's servant captures one of her slippers. The king invites all of the maidens in the land to a feast with a shoe-test, identifies Zezolla after the shoe jumps from his hand to her foot, and eventually marries her.[5]
Cendrillon, by Perrault
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Cinderella_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19993.jpg/220px-Cinderella_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_19993.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Cindarella_illustration_by_Charles_Robinson_1900.jpg/220px-Cindarella_illustration_by_Charles_Robinson_1900.jpg)
One of the most popular versions of Cinderella was written in French by Charles Perrault in 1697, under the name Cendrillon. The popularity of his tale was due to his additions to the story, including the pumpkin, the fairy-godmother and the introduction of glass slippers.[6]
Plot:
- Once upon a time, there was a widower who married a proud and haughty woman as his second wife. She had two daughters, who were equally vain and selfish. By his first wife, he'd had a beautiful young daughter, a girl of unparalleled goodness and sweet temper. The stepmother and her daughters forced the first daughter into servitude, where she was made to work day and night doing menial chores. After the girl's chores were done for the day, she would retire to the barren and cold room given to her, and would curl up near the fireplace in an effort to stay warm. She would often arise covered in cinders, giving rise to the mocking nickname "Cinderella". Cinderella bore the abuse patiently and dared not tell her father, since his wife controlled him entirely.
- One day, the Prince invited all the young ladies in the land to a ball, planning to choose a wife from amongst them. The two stepsisters gleefully planned their wardrobes for the ball, and taunted Cinderella by telling her that maids were not invited to the ball.
- As the sisters departed to the ball, Cinderella cried in despair. Her Fairy Godmother magically appeared and immediately began to transform Cinderella from house servant to the young lady she was by birth, all in the effort to get Cinderella to the ball. She turned a pumpkin into a golden carriage, mice into horses, a rat into a coachman, and lizards into footmen. She then turned Cinderella's rags into a beautiful jewelled gown, complete with a delicate pair of glass slippers. The Godmother told her to enjoy the ball, but warned that she had to return before midnight, when the spells would be broken.
- At the ball, the entire court was entranced by Cinderella, especially the Prince. At this first ball, Cinderella remembers to leave before midnight. Back home, Cinderella graciously thanked her Godmother. She then greeted the stepsisters, who had not recognized her earlier and talked of nothing but the beautiful girl at the ball.
- Another ball was held the next evening, and Cinderella again attended with her Godmother's help. The Prince had become even more infatuated, and Cinderella in turn became so enchanted by him she lost track of time and left only at the final stroke of midnight, losing one of her glass slippers on the steps of the palace in her haste. The Prince chased her, but outside the palace, the guards saw only a simple country girl leave. The Prince pocketed the slipper and vows to find and marry the girl to whom it belonged. Meanwhile, Cinderella kept the other slipper, which did not disappear when the spell was broken.
- The Prince tried the slipper on all the women in the kingdom. When the Prince arrives at Cinderella's villa, the stepsisters tried in vain to win over the prince. Cinderella asked if she might try, while the stepsisters taunted her. Naturally, the slipper fitted perfectly, and Cinderella produced the other slipper for good measure. The stepsisters both pleaded for forgiveness, and Cinderella agreed to let bygones be bygones.
- Cinderella married the Prince, and the stepsisters also married two lords.
The first moral of the story is that beauty is a treasure, but graciousness is priceless. Without it, nothing is possible; with it, one can do anything.[7]
However, the second moral of the story mitigates the first one and reveals the criticism that Perrault is aiming at: "Another moral: Without doubt it is a great advantage to have intelligence, courage, good breeding, and common sense. These, and similar talents come only from heaven, and it is good to have them. However, even these may fail to bring you success, without the blessing of a godfather or a godmother."[7]
Aschenputtel, by the Brothers Grimm
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Aschenputtel.jpg/220px-Aschenputtel.jpg)
Another well-known version was recorded by the German brothers Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in the 19th century. The tale is called "Aschenputtel" ("Cinderella" in English translations) and the help comes not from a fairy-godmother but the wishing tree that grows on her mother's grave.
Plot:
- A wealthy gentleman's wife lay on her deathbed, and called her only daughter to her bedside. She asked her to remain good and kind, and told her that God would protect her. She then died and was buried. A year went by and the widower married another woman, who had two daughters of her own. They had beautiful faces and fair skin, but their hearts were cruel and wicked. The stepsisters stole the girl's fine clothes and jewels and forced her to wear rags. They banished her into the kitchen to do the worst chores, and gave her the nickname "Aschenputtel" ("Ashfool".) Despite all of this the girl remained good and kind, and would always go to her mother's grave to cry and pray to God that she would see her circumstances improve.
- One day, the gentleman visited a fair, promising his stepdaughters gifts of luxury. The eldest asked for beautiful dresses, while the younger for pearls and diamonds. His own daughter merely asked for the first twig to knock his hat off on the way. The gentleman went on his way, and acquires presents for his stepdaughters. While passing a forest he got a hazel twig, and gave it to his daughter. She planted the twig over her mother's grave, watered it with her tears and over the years, it grew into a glowing hazel tree. The girl would pray under it three times a day, and a white bird would always come to comfort her.
- The king decided to give a festival that would last for three whole days and nights, and invited all the beautiful maidens in the land to attend so that the prince could select one of them as his bride. The two sisters were also invited, but when Aschenputtel begged them to allow her to go with them into the celebration, the stepmother refused because she had no dress nor shoes to wear. When the girl insisted, the woman threw a dish of lentils into the ashes for her to pick up, guaranteeing her permission to attend the festival, and when the girl accomplished the task in less than an hour with the help of two white doves sent by her mother from Heaven, the stepmother only redoubled the task and threw down even a greater quantity of lentils. When Aschenputtel was able to accomplish it in a greater speed, not wanting to spoil her daughters' chances, the stepmother hastened away with them to the ball and left the crying stepdaughter behind.
- The girl retreated to the graveyard to ask for help. The white bird dropped a white gown and silk shoes. She went to the ball, with the warning that she must leave before midnight. The prince danced with her, but she eluded him before midnight struck. The next evening, the girl appeared in a much grander gown of silver and glass shoes. The prince fell in love with her and danced with her for the whole evening, but when midnight came, she left again. The third evening, she appeared dressed in spun gold with slippers of gold. Now the prince was determined to keep her, and had the entire stairway smeared with pitch. Aschenputtel lost track of time, and when she ran away one of her golden slippers got stuck on that pitch. The prince proclaimed that he would marry the maiden whose foot would fit the golden slipper.
- The next morning, the prince went to Aschenputtel's house and tried the slipper on the eldest stepsister. The sister was advised by her mother to cut off her toes in order to fit the slipper. While riding with the stepsister, the two doves from Heaven told the Prince that blood dripped from her foot. Appalled by her treachery, he went back again and tried the slipper on the other stepsister. She cut off part of her heel in order to get her foot in the slipper, and again the prince was fooled. While riding with her to the king's castle, the doves alerted him again about the blood on her foot. He came back to inquire about another girl. The gentleman told him that they kept a kitchen-maid in the house – omitting to mention that she was his own daughter – and the prince asked him to let her try on the slipper. The girl appeared after washing herself, and when she put on the slipper, the prince recognized her as the stranger with whom he had danced at the ball.
- In the end, during Aschenputtel's wedding, as she was walking down the aisle with her stepsisters as her bridesmaids, (they had hoped to worm their way into her favour), the doves from Heaven flew down and struck the two stepsisters' eyes, one in the left and the other in the right. When the wedding came to an end, and Aschenputtel and her prince marched out of the church, the doves flew again, striking the remaining eyes of the two evil sisters blind, a punishment they had to endure for the rest of their lives.[8]
Aschenputtel's relationship with her father in this version is ambiguous; Perrault's version states that the absent father is dominated by his second wife, explaining why he does not prevent the abuse of his daughter. However, the father in this tale plays an active role in several scenes, and it is not explained why he tolerates the mistreatment of his child. He also describes Aschenputtel as his "first wife's child" and not his own.
Folkloristics
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Cendrillon2_crop.jpg/220px-Cendrillon2_crop.jpg)
Folklorists have long studied variants on this tale across cultures.[9] In 1893, Marian Roalfe Cox, commissioned by the Folklore Society of Britain, produced Cinderella: Three Hundred and Forty-Five Variants of Cinderella, Catskin and, Cap o'Rushes, Abstracted and Tabulated with a Discussion of Medieval Analogues and Notes.[9]
Further morphology studies have continued on this seminal work.[9]
The Aarne–Thompson system classifies Cinderella as type 510A, "the persecuted heroine". Others of this type include The Sharp Grey Sheep, The Golden Slipper, The Story of Tam and Cam, Rushen Coatie, The Wonderful Birch, Fair, Brown and Trembling and Katie Woodencloak.[10]
Adaptations
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%C3%89mile_Bertrand_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Cendrillon_poster.jpg/220px-%C3%89mile_Bertrand_-_Jules_Massenet_-_Cendrillon_poster.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/CinderAdelphi.jpg/220px-CinderAdelphi.jpg)
The story of Cinderella has formed the basis of many notable works:
Opera and ballet
- Cendrillon (1749) by Jean-Louis Laruette
- Cendrillon (1810) by Nicolas Isouard, libretto by Charles-Guillaume Étienne
- Agatina o La virtù premiata (1814) by Stefano Pavesi
- La Cenerentola (1817) by Gioachino Rossini
- Aschenbrödel (1845) by Gustav Köckert
- Aschenbrödel (1878) by Ferdinand Langer
- Cendrillon (1894–5) by Jules Massenet, libretto by Henri Caïn
- Cinderella (1901–2) by Gustav Holst
- La Cenerentola (1902) by Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
- Cendrillon (1904) by Pauline García-Viardot
- Aschenbrödel (1905) by Leo Blech, libretto by Richard Batka
- La Cenicienta (1966) by Jorge Peña Hen
- Cinderella, a "pantomime opera" (1979) by Peter Maxwell Davies
- Cinderella (1893) by Baron Boris Vietinghoff-Scheel
- Aschenbrödel (1901) by Johann Strauss II, adapted and completed by Josef Bayer
- Das Märchen vom Aschenbrödel (1941) by Frank Martin
- Soluschka or Cinderella (1945) by Sergei Prokofiev
- Cinderella (1980) by Paul Reade
- My First Cinderella (2013) directed by George Williamson and Loipa Araújo
- Cinderella (2013), adapted by Christopher Wheeldon, with puppetry by Basil Twist, set to the Prokofiev score[11]
Theatre
- Cinderella debuted as a pantomime on stage at the Drury Lane Theatre, London in 1904 and at the Adelphi Theatre in London in 1905. Phyllis Dare, aged 14 or 15, starred in the latter. In the traditional pantomime version the opening scene takes place in a forest with a hunt in progress; here Cinderella first meets Prince Charming and his "right-hand man" Dandini, whose name and character come from Gioachino Rossini's opera (La Cenerentola). Cinderella mistakes Dandini for the Prince and the Prince for Dandini. Her father, Baron Hardup, is under the thumb of his two stepdaughters, the Ugly sisters, and has a servant, Cinderella's friend Buttons. (Throughout the pantomime, the Baron is continually harassed by the Broker's Men (often named after current politicians) for outstanding rent.) The Fairy Godmother must magically create a coach (from a pumpkin), footmen (from mice), a coach driver (from a frog), and a beautiful dress (from rags) for Cinderella to go to the ball. However, she must return by midnight, as it is then that the spell ceases.
- Cinderella by Rodgers and Hammerstein was produced for television three times and staged live. A version ran in 1958 at the London Coliseum with a cast including Tommy Steele, Yana, Jimmy Edwards, Kenneth Williams and Betty Marsden. This version was augmented with several other Rodgers and Hammerstein's songs plus a song written by Tommy Steele, "You and Me". In 2013, the musical debuted its first Broadway production with a new book by Douglas Carter Beane.
- Mr. Cinders, a musical which opened at the Adelphi Theatre, London in 1929. Filmed in 1934
- Into the Woods by Stephen Sondheim (1988), in which Cinderella is one of many fairy-tale characters who take part in the plot. This is partly based on the Grimm Brothers' version of "Cinderella", including the enchanted birds, mother's grave, three balls, and mutilation and blinding of the stepsisters.
- Cindy, a 1964 Off-Broadway musical composed by Johnny Brandon
- Cinderella; book by Norman Robbins; lyrics by Amy Powers and Dan Levy; music by Dan Levy; opened Off Broadway December 19, 1991 at Playhouse 91[12]
Films and television
Over the decades, hundreds of films have been made that are either direct adaptations from Cinderella or have plots loosely based on the story.
- Cinderella (1899), the first film version, produced in France by Georges Méliès, as "Cendrillon".
- Cinderella (1911), a silent film starring Florence La Badie
- Cinderella, the Glass Slipper (1912) [Cendrillon, ou la pantoufle merveilleuse], another silent film made by Georges Méliès.
- Cinderella (1914), a silent film starring Mary Pickford
- Aschenputtel (1922), a silhouette shadow play short by Lotte Reiniger. [13] The short silent film uses exaggerated figures and has no background, which creates a stark look. The film shows Aschenputtel's step-sisters graphically hacking their feet off in order to fit into the glass slipper.
- Cinderella (1922), an animated Laugh-O-Gram produced by Walt Disney, first released on December 6, 1922. This film was about 7.5 minutes long.
- Ella Cinders (1926), a modern tale starring Colleen Moore, based on a comic strip by William M. Conselman and Charles Plumb, inspired by Charles Perrault's version.
- Cinderella Blues (1931), a Van Beuren animated short film featuring a feline version of the Cinderella character.
- Poor Cinderella (1934), Fleischer Studios' first color cartoon and only appearance of Betty Boop in color during the Fleischer era.
- Cinderella Meets Fella (1938), a Merrie Melodies animated short film featuring Egghead, the character who would eventually evolve into Elmer Fudd, as Prince Charming.[14]
- First Love (1939), a musical modernization with Deanna Durbin and Robert Stack.
- Cinderella (1950), a Disney animated feature released on February 15, 1950, now considered one of Disney's classics as well as the most well known film adaptation.
- Ancient Fistory (1953), an animation short in which "cinderfella" Popeye courts princess Olive Oyl.
- Aschenputtel (1955), a West German film, dubbed into English and released in the USA in 1966 as Cinderella.
- The Glass Slipper (1955), feature film with Leslie Caron and Michael Wilding
- Cinderella Rodgers and Hammerstein (1957), starring Julie Andrews as Cinderella, featuring Jon Cypher, Kaye Ballard, Alice Ghostley, and Edie Adams (broadcast in color, but only black-and-white kinescopes exist today).
- Cinderella Rodgers and Hammerstein was produced for TV again in (1965) starring 18-year-old Lesley Ann Warren in the leading role, and also featuring Stuart Damon as the Prince, with Ginger Rogers, Walter Pidgeon, and Celeste Holm. (filmed in color and broadcast annually for 10 years)
- Hey, Cinderella! (1969), a television adaptation featuring The Muppets.
- Three Wishes for Cinderella (Tři oříšky pro Popelku) (1973), a Czechoslovakian/East German fairy tale film starring Libuše Šafránková as Cinderella and Pavel Trávníček as Prince.[15] A cult film in several European countries.
- The Slipper and the Rose (1976), a British Sherman Brothers musical film starring Gemma Craven and Richard Chamberlain.
- A loose adaptation of the Grimm Brothers' version appears in the 1987 anime Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics.
- Cindy (1978), This version of the Cinderella tale with an all-black cast has Cinderella, who wants to marry a dashing army officer, finding out out that her father, who she thought had an important job at a big hotel, is actually the men's room attendant. Her wicked stepmother finds out, too, and complications ensue. Charlayne Woodard.
- In 1985, Shelley Duvall produced a version of the story for Faerie Tale Theatre.
- Aschenputtel (1989), a television adaptation based on the Grimm Brothers' version.[16]
- If The Shoe Fits (1990), a modern Cinderella in Paris.[17]
- Cinderella Monogatari (1996), anime TV series co-produced by Mondo TV and Tatsunoko Production
- Cinderella (1997), Rodgers and Hammerstein musical starring Brandy Norwood as Cinderella, Whitney Houston as the Fairy Godmother, Bernadette Peters as the Stepmother, Jason Alexander as Lionel the valet and Whoopi Goldberg as the Queen. Remake of the 1957 and 1965 TV films.
- Ever After (1998), starring Drew Barrymore, a post-feminist take on the Cinderella story.
- Cinderella (2000), a British modernization featuring Marcella Plunkett as Cinderella, Kathleen Turner as the stepmother and Jane Birkin as the fairy godmother.
- A Cinderella Story (2004), a modernization featuring Hilary Duff and Chad Michael Murray
- Another Cinderella Story (2008), a modernization featuring Selena Gomez and Drew Seeley
- Elle: A Modern Cinderella Tale (2010), a modernization featuring Ashlee Hewitt and Sterling Knight
- Aschenputtel (2010 film), a German film
- A Cinderella Story: Once Upon a Song (2011), a modernization featuring Lucy Hale and Freddie Stroma
Contrary to popular belief, the 2004 film Ella Enchanted is based on a book of the same name, and not a retelling of Cinderella. However, the said book is an imaginative retelling of the classic tale.
- Once Upon a Time (2011), played by Jessy Schram.
- Rags (film) (2012), a musical gender switched inversion of the Cinderella story that stars Keke Palmer and Max Schneider.
- A Princess for Christmas is a loose version that takes place over the holiday. Katie McGrath's character is like Cinderella
- Aik Nayee Cinderella (2013), a Pakistani serial aired on Geo TV.
- "The Royal Flip-Flop" (2014), a Jordanian film adaptation set in the 16th Century.
- Cinderella (2015), a live action film starring Lily James and for release on March 13, 2015.
- Cinderella was spoofed in the Family Guy episode "Grimm Job."
- The fairytale was retold the Pretty Cure series of magical girl anime twice.
- Cinderella adaptations on TV and in cinema are not just limited to female protagonists. The Sesame Street special "Cinderelmo" and the Magic Adventures of Mumfie episode "Scarecrowella" both feature a male protagonist playing the Cinderella role.
Songs
- "Cinderella Stay Awhile" a song by Michael Jackson from his 1975 album Forever, Michael.
- "Cinderella Man" by Rush from their 1977 album "A Fairwell to Kings".
- Cinderella by Firefall, released 1977.
- Cinderella by Vince Gill, released 1987.
- Hey Cinderella (1993) by Suzy Bogguss.
- It's Midnight Cinderella by Garth Brooks from his 1996 album "Fresh Horses".
- Cinderella a song by Britney Spears from her 2001 album Britney.
- Cinderella, a 2001 single by Sweetbox.
- Cinderella by Shakaya, released 2002.
- Cinderella a 2002 single by Play and covered by The Cheetah Girls in 2003.
- A Cinderella Story by Mudvayne's fourth album The New Game (2008).
- Cinderella by Steven Curtis Chapman
- Cinderella from the Broadway musical 110 in the Shade by Tom Jones and Harvey Schmidt
- Cinderella's Eyes a song by Nicola Roberts from her debut homonymous album Cinderella's Eyes
- Stealing Cinderella by Chuck Wicks from Starting Now album January 22, 2008
- Cendrellion written by Signal-P and Orange sung by Hatsune Miku and Kaito(2008)
- The theme song to the anime series Himitsu no Akko-chan, as well as the opening animation sequence, makes reference to the fairy tale as well
- "Cinderella Man" by Eminem
Translations
Language | Name | Romanisation |
---|---|---|
Afrikaans | Aspoestertjie | |
Albanian | Hirushja | |
Arabic | سندريلا | Sinderella |
Belarusian | Папялушка | Papyalushka |
Bulgarian | Пепеляшка | Pepelyashka (from Пепел – Ashes) |
Catalan | Ventafocs | |
Chinese | 灰姑娘 | Huīgūniang |
Croatian | Pepeljuga | |
Czech | Popelka | |
Danish | Askepot | |
Dutch | Assepoester | |
Estonian | Tuhkatriinu | |
Filipino | Sinderela/Cinderella | |
Finnish | Tuhkimo | |
French | Cendrillon | |
Georgian | კონკია | Konkia |
German | Aschenputtel (or Aschenbrödel) | |
Greek | Σταχτοπούτα | Stachtopoúta (from Στάχτη – Ashes) |
Hebrew | סינדרלה\לכלוכית | Sinderelaa\Lichluchit |
Hindi | सिंडिरेल्ला | Sindirēllā |
Hungarian | Hamupipőke | |
Indonesian | Cinderella/Upik Abu | |
Irish | Cinderella | |
Icelandic | Öskubuska | |
Italian | Cenerentola | |
Japanese | シンデレラ | Shinderera |
Korean | 신데렐라 | Sinderella |
Lao | ຊັງດຣີຢົງ or ຊັງດີຢົງ | Sangdriyong |
Latvian | Pelnrušķīte | |
Lithuanian | Pelenė | |
Macedonian | Пепелашка | Pepelashka |
Malay | bawang merah | |
Norwegian (bokmål) | Askepott (Originally the name of Askeladden) | |
Norwegian (nynorsk) | Oskepott (Originally the name of Oskeladden) | |
Persian | سیندرلا | Sinderela |
Polish | Kopciuszek | |
Portuguese | Cinderela | |
Romanian | Cenuşăreasă | |
Russian | Золушка | Zolushka (from Зола – Ashes) |
Serbian | Пепeљуга | Pepeljuga |
Slovak | Popoluška | |
Slovenian | Pepelka | |
Soqotri | Meḥazelo | |
Swedish | Askungen | |
Spanish | Cenicienta | |
Thai | ซินเดอเรลล่า | Cinderella |
Turkish | Külkedisi | |
Ukrainian | Попелюшка | Popelyushka (from Попіл – Ashes) |
Vietnamese | Lọ Lem | |
West Frisian | Jiskepûster |
Cinderella theme
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Edward_Burne-Jones_Cinderella.jpg/220px-Edward_Burne-Jones_Cinderella.jpg)
The Aarne–Thompson system classifies Cinderella as type 510A, "the persecuted heroine". Variants of the theme are known throughout the world.
The Cinderella motif may well have originated in classical antiquity. The Greek geographer Strabo recorded in the 1st century BC in his Geographica (book 17, 33) the tale of the Greek slave girl Rhodopis, "Rosey-Eyes", who lived in the colony of Naucratis in Ancient Egypt. It is often considered the oldest known version of the story:
They tell the fabulous story that, when she was bathing, an eagle snatched one of her sandals from her maid and carried it to Memphis; and while the king was administering justice in the open air, the eagle, when it arrived above his head, flung the sandal into his lap; and the king, stirred both by the beautiful shape of the sandal and by the strangeness of the occurrence, sent men in all directions into the country in quest of the woman who wore the sandal; and when she was found in the city of Naucratis, she was brought up to Memphis, became the wife of the king ...[18]
Herodotus, some five centuries before Strabo, supplied information about the real-life Rhodopis in his Histories. He wrote that Rhodopis came from Thrace, and was the slave of Iadmon of Samos, and a fellow-slave of the story-teller Aesop. She was taken to Egypt in the time of Pharaoh Amasis, and freed there for a large sum by Charaxus of Mytilene, brother of Sappho the lyric poet.[19][20]
Another synopsis is given by the Roman author Aelian (ca. 175–ca. 235),[21] showing that the Cinderella theme remained popular throughout antiquity.
Aspects of Cinderella may be derived from the story of Cordelia in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae. Cordelia is the youngest and most virtuous of King Leir of Britain's three daughters, however her virtue is such that it will not allow her to lie in flattering her father when he asks, so that he divides up the kingdom between the elder daughters and leaves Cordelia with nothing. Cordelia marries her love, Aganippus, King of the Franks, and flees to Gaul where she and her husband raise an army and depose her wicked sisters who have been misusing their father. Cordelia is finally crowned Queen of Britain. However her reign only lasts five years. The story is famously retold in Shakespeare's King Lear, but given a tragic ending.
Another version of the story, Ye Xian, appeared in Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang by Duan Chengshi around 860. Here, the hardworking and lovely girl befriends a fish, the reincarnation of her mother, who was killed by her stepmother and sister. Ye Xian saves the bones, which are magic, and they help her dress appropriately for a festival. When she loses her slipper after being recognized by her stepfamily, the king finds her slipper and made her his first wife (eventually rescuing her from her cruel stepmother).
The Indonesian and Malaysian story Bawang Merah Bawang Putih, are about two girls named Bawang Putih (literally "White Onion", meaning "garlic") and Bawang Merah ("Red Onion"). While the two country's respective versions differ in the exact relationship of the girls and the identity of the protagonist, they have highly similar plot elements. Both have a magical fish as the "fairy godmother" to her daughter, which the antagonist cooks. The heroine then finds the bones and buries them, and over the grave a magical swing appears. The protagonist sits on the swing and sings to make it sway, her song reaching the ears of a passing Prince. The swing is akin to the slipper test, which distinguishes the heroine from her evil sister, and the Prince weds her in the end.
In the Vietnamese version Tam Cam, Tam is mistreated by both her father's co-wife and half-sister, who stole her birthright by winning a wager of fishing unjustly proposed by the stepmother. The only fish that was left to her was killed and eaten by her step-family, but its bones served as her protector and guardian, eventually leading her to be the king's bride during a festival. The protagonist however, turns into the antagonist in part two of the story, by boiling her stepsister alive and then fooling her stepmother into cannibalism by feeding her her own daughter's flesh.
There is a Korean version named Kongji and Patzzi. It deals a story about a kind girl Kongji who was constantly abused by her stepmother and stepsister Patzzi. The step-family forces Kongjwi to stay at home while they attend the king's ball, but a fairy appears and gives her an attire more beautiful than everyone else. The motif is same as in Perrault, concerning a king falling in love with her. However, the story goes on with Patzzi drowning Kongji in a river and disguising herself as Kongji to live with the King. After the king finds out he puts Patzzi to death and feeds her to the unknowing stepmother.
Several different variants of the story appear in the medieval One Thousand and One Nights, also known as the Arabian Nights, including "The Second Shaykh's Story", "The Eldest Lady's Tale" and "Abdallah ibn Fadil and His Brothers", all dealing with the theme of a younger sibling harassed by two jealous elders. In some of these, the siblings are female, while in others, they are male. One of the tales, "Judar and His Brethren", departs from the happy endings of previous variants and reworks the plot to give it a tragic ending instead, with the younger brother being poisoned by his elder brothers.[22]
See also
References
Notes
- ^ Bottigheimer, Ruth. (2008). "Before Contes du temps passe (1697): Charles Perrault's Griselidis, Souhaits and Peau". The Romantic Review, Volume 99, Number 3. pp. 175–89
- ^ Zipes, Jack (2001). The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm. W. W. Norton & Co. p. 444. ISBN 978-0-393-97636-6.
- ^ Dundes, Alan. Cinderella, a Casebook. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988.
- ^ Roger Lancelyn Green: Tales of Ancient Egypt, Penguin UK, 2011, ISBN 978-0-14-133822-4, chapter The Land of Egypt
- ^ Basile, Giambattista (1911). Stories from Pentamerone, London: Macmillan & Co., translated by John Edward Taylor. Chapter 6. See also "Il Pentamerone: Cenerentola"
- ^ A modern edition of the original French text by Perrault is found in Charles Perrault, Contes, ed. Marc Soriano (Paris: Flammarion, 1989), pp. 274–79.
- ^ a b "Perrault: Cinderella; or, The Little Glass Slipper". Pitt.edu. 2003-10-08. Retrieved 2014-06-17.
- ^ Aschenputtel, included in Household Stories by the Brothers Grimm, translated by Lucy Crane, at Project Gutenberg
- ^ a b c "If The Shoe Fits: Folklorists' criteria for #510"
- ^ Heidi Anne Heiner, "Tales Similar to Cinderella"
- ^ Kourlas, Gia (October 24, 2013). "A Fairy Tale Heroine Finds Her Magic Tree." New York Times.
- ^ Off Broadway Musicals 1910-2007, by Dan Dietz
- ^ "Aschenputtel". YouTube.com.
- ^ "YouTube". YouTube. Retrieved 2013-09-23.
- ^ "Three wishes for Cinderella (1973)". Imdb.com.
- ^ "Aschenputtel". Imdb.com.
- ^ "If the Shoe Fits". Imdb.com.
- ^ Strabo: "The Geography", book 17, 33
- ^ Anderson, Graham (2000). Fairytale in the ancient world. Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-415-23702-4. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
- ^ Herodot, "The Histories", book 2, chapters 134-135
- ^ Aelian: "Various History", book 13, chapter 33
- ^ Ulrich Marzolph, Richard van Leeuwen, Hassan Wassouf (2004). The Arabian Nights Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 4. ISBN 1-57607-204-5.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link)
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png)