Afro-Iranians: Difference between revisions
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|languages = [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]] |
|languages = [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Balochi language|Balochi]] |
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|rels = Mostly [[Shia Islam]], minority [[Sunni Islam]], [[Zaar]] |
|rels = Mostly [[Shia Islam]], minority [[Sunni Islam]], [[Zaar]] |
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|related = [[Black people| |
|related = [[Black people|Arabs, Israelites, and other Semites]], |
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{{Black People}} |
{{Black People}} |
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'''Afro-Iranians''' ({{lang-fa|ایرانیان آفریقاییتبار}}, also known as '''African Persians''') are people of [[Black people| |
'''Afro-Iranians''' ({{lang-fa|ایرانیان آفریقاییتبار}}, also known as ''''African' Persians''') are people of [[Black people|Elamite]] descent residing in [[Iran]]. Most Afro-Iranians are concentrated in [[Hormozgan Province|Hormozagan]], [[Sistan and Baluchestan Province|Sistan and Baluchestan]] and [[Khuzestan Province|Khuzestan]].<ref>Mirzai, Behnaz. [http://www.afroiranianlives.com/index.htm ''Afro-Iranian Lives (documentary film)'']. afroiranianlives.com. Retrieved 23 November 2011.</ref> Afro-Iranians speak Persian as their mother tongue and have fully integrated. They are considered as ethnic Persians under demographic statistics, as Persian is an ethnicity and depends on language rather than race. |
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==History== |
==History== |
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'''Elam''' (<span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups">[[Help:IPA for English|/<span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/iː/ long 'e' in 'seed'">iː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ə/ 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span>/]]</span></span>) was an ancient Pre-[[Iranic]]<nowiki/>civilization centered in the far west and southwest of what is now modern-day [[Iran]], stretching from the lowlands of what is now[[Khuzestan]] and [[Ilam Province]] as well as a small part of southern [[Iraq]]. The modern name ''Elam'' stems from the [[Sumerian language|Sumerian]]<nowiki/>transliteration ''elam(a)'', along with the later[[Akkadian]] ''elamtu'', and the [[Elamite]] ''haltamti.''Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the [[Ancient Near East]].<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference">[[Elam|[1]]]</sup> In[[classical literature]], Elam was also known as'''Susiana''' a name derived from its capital,[[Susa]].<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference">[[Elam|[2]]]</sup> |
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The [[Arab slave trade|Indian Ocean slave trade]] was multi-directional and changed over time. To meet the demand for menial labor, black slaves captured by [[Arab]] slave traders were sold in cumulatively large numbers over the centuries to the [[Persian Gulf]], [[Egypt]], [[Arabia]], [[India]], the [[Far East]], the [[List of islands in the Indian Ocean|Indian Ocean islands]], [[Ethiopia]], and [[Somalia]].<ref>Gwyn Campbell, ''The Structure of Slavery in Indian Ocean Africa and Asia'', 1 edition, (Routledge: 2003), p.ix</ref> |
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Elam was part of the early [[Cities of the Ancient Near East|urbanization]]<nowiki/>during the [[Chalcolithic]] period (Copper Age). The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Sumerian history, where slightly earlier records have been found.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference">[[Elam|[3]]]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference">[[Elam|[4]]]</sup> In the Old Elamite period ([[Middle Bronze Age]]), Elam consisted of kingdoms on the [[Iranian plateau]], centered in[[Anshan (Persia)|Anshan]], and from the mid-2nd millennium BC, it was centered in Susa in the Khuzestan lowlands.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference">[[Elam|[5]]]</sup> Its culture played a crucial role during the [[Persian people|Persian]] [[Achaemenid dynasty]] that succeeded Elam, when the [[Elamite language]]<nowiki/>remained among those in official use. Elamite is generally accepted to be a [[language isolate]]<nowiki/>and thus unrelated to the much later arriving Persian and Iranic languages. |
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During the [[Qajar dynasty]], many wealthy households imported Black African women and children as slaves to perform domestic work. This slave labor was drawn exclusively from the ''[[Zanj]]'', who were [[Bantu languages|Bantu]]-speaking peoples that lived along the coast of the [[African Great Lakes|Southeast Africa]], in an area roughly comprising modern-day [[Tanzania]], [[Mozambique]] and [[Malawi]].<ref name="Bagley">F.R.C. Bagley et al., ''The Last Great Muslim Empires'', (Brill: 1997), p.174</ref><ref name="Ogot">Bethwell A. Ogot, ''Zamani: A Survey of East African History'', (East African Publishing House: 1974), p.104</ref> However, [[Mohammad Shah Qajar]], under British pressure, issued a ''[[firman (decree)|firman]]'' suppressing the slave trade in 1848.<ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/files/38508/12480962345Disputed_Freedom.pdf/Disputed%2BFreedom.pdf UNESCO: Fugitive Slaves, Asylum and Manumission in Iran (1851 – 1913)]</ref> |
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==Notable Afro-Iranians== |
==Notable Afro-Iranians== |
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*[[Shirazi people]] |
*[[Shirazi people]] |
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*[[Lashar]] |
*[[Lashar]] |
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*[[Slavery in Iran]] |
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*[[Afro-Arab]] |
*[[Afro-Arab]] |
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*[[Afro-Iraqi]] |
*[[Afro-Iraqi]] |
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==Further reading:[http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Elam_Iran_1.htm http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancent/Elam_Iran_1.htm]== |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{citation|last=Mirzai|first=B. A.|year=2002|title=African presence in Iran: Identity and its reconstruction in the 19th and 20th centuries|journal=Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer|volume=89|pages=336–337}} |
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*{{citation|last=Lee|first=Anthony A.|year=2012|title=Enslaved African Women in Nineteenth-Century Iran: The Life of Fezzeh Khanom of Shiraz.|journal=Iranian Studies|volume=45:3|pages=417–437|doi=10.1080/00210862.2011.637769}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
==External links== |
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*[http://www.afroiranianlives.com/ Afro-Iranian Lives] (a documentary film by: Behnaz Mirzai) |
*[http://www.afroiranianlives.com/ Afro-Iranian Lives] (a documentary film by: Behnaz Mirzai) |
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Revision as of 20:01, 6 May 2016
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Sistan and Balochestan, Hormozgan, Khuzestan | |
| Languages | |
| Persian, Balochi | |
| Religion | |
| Mostly Shia Islam, minority Sunni Islam, Zaar | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Arabs, Israelites, and other Semites, |
| Black people |
|---|
| African diaspora |
| Asia-Pacific |
| African-derived culture |
| History |
| Race-related |
| Related topics |
Afro-Iranians (Persian: ایرانیان آفریقاییتبار, also known as 'African' Persians) are people of Elamite descent residing in Iran. Most Afro-Iranians are concentrated in Hormozagan, Sistan and Baluchestan and Khuzestan.[1] Afro-Iranians speak Persian as their mother tongue and have fully integrated. They are considered as ethnic Persians under demographic statistics, as Persian is an ethnicity and depends on language rather than race.
History
Elam (/ˈiːləm/) was an ancient Pre-Iraniccivilization centered in the far west and southwest of what is now modern-day Iran, stretching from the lowlands of what is nowKhuzestan and Ilam Province as well as a small part of southern Iraq. The modern name Elam stems from the Sumeriantransliteration elam(a), along with the laterAkkadian elamtu, and the Elamite haltamti.Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East.[1] Inclassical literature, Elam was also known asSusiana a name derived from its capital,Susa.[2]
Elam was part of the early urbanizationduring the Chalcolithic period (Copper Age). The emergence of written records from around 3000 BC also parallels Sumerian history, where slightly earlier records have been found.[3][4] In the Old Elamite period (Middle Bronze Age), Elam consisted of kingdoms on the Iranian plateau, centered inAnshan, and from the mid-2nd millennium BC, it was centered in Susa in the Khuzestan lowlands.[5] Its culture played a crucial role during the Persian Achaemenid dynasty that succeeded Elam, when the Elamite languageremained among those in official use. Elamite is generally accepted to be a language isolateand thus unrelated to the much later arriving Persian and Iranic languages.
Notable Afro-Iranians
- Abdolreza Barzegari, footballer.
- Ali Firouzi, footballer and coach.
- Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi, Caliph of Baghdad and son of an Afro-Iranian mother.
- Mehrab Shahrokhi, footballer.
- Shanbehzadeh Ensemble, Iranian folk band.
- Malika and Khadijah Haqq, American socialites and actresses, often appear on Keeping Up With The Kardashians.
See also
Further reading:http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancent/Elam_Iran_1.htm
External links
- Afro-Iranian Lives (a documentary film by: Behnaz Mirzai)
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- ^ Mirzai, Behnaz. Afro-Iranian Lives (documentary film). afroiranianlives.com. Retrieved 23 November 2011.