Jump to content

OK gesture: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Line 71: Line 71:
[[Image:Chinese number three.jpg|thumb|left|150px|One version of "three" in [[Chinese number gestures]].]]
[[Image:Chinese number three.jpg|thumb|left|150px|One version of "three" in [[Chinese number gestures]].]]


In American Sign Language the OK gesture represents the [[9|number nine]].<ref name="Penilla and Taylor, 2016">{{cite book |last1=Penilla |first1=Adan R. Penilla |last2=Taylor |first2=Angela Lee |title=American Sign Language For Dummies |date=2016 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781119286097 |language=en |chapter=4. Getting Your Numbers and Times Straight}}</ref> Similar to Plains Indian Sign Language, regional forms of [[Chinese number gestures|finger counting used in China]] employ the raised middle, ring and pinky fingers to express [[3|the number three]], either with thumb and index fingers joined as they are in the OK gesture or otherwise.<ref name="Xinyu, 2009">{{cite news |last1=Xinyu |first1=Weng |title=#5: 数字手势 {{!}} 慢速中文 Slow Chinese |url=https://www.slow-chinese.com/podcast/5-shu-zi-shou-shi/ |accessdate=17 November 2018 |work=慢速中文 Slow Chinese |date=June 27. 2009 |language=zh}}</ref> This number gesture is primarily used in China's southern provinces, while in the north "three" may also be expressed by the raised index, middle and ring fingers as it is in English-speaking countries.<ref name="Beijing Time, 2016">{{cite news |title=漫画《名侦探柯南》引发中国人数字手势大讨论-北京时间 |url=https://item.btime.com/337uc2judej820bfoogdr7kuh5v |accessdate=17 November 2018 |work=Beijine Time |publisher=Beijing New Media Group |date=September 4, 2016 |language=zh}}</ref> Both methods are distinct from having the thumb, index and middle fingers extended as is used to denote "three" in much of mainland Europe,<ref name="Willett, 2014">{{cite news |last1=Willett |first1=Megan |title=How To Order A Beer Like A True German |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/order-a-beer-like-a-german-2014-3 |accessdate=17 November 2018 |work=Business Insider |date=March 31, 2014}}</ref> because this represents [[8|the number eight]] in both [[Taiwan]] and parts of mainland [[China]].<ref name="Online Mandarin Tutor, 2016">{{cite news |title=Chinese Number Gestures {{!}} Counting in Chinese and Learning Numbers with Hands |url=https://www.tutormandarin.net/en/chinese-hand-counting/ |accessdate=17 November 2018 |work=Learn Chinese Online {{!}} TutorMandarin: Online Mandarin Tutor |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref>
In American Sign Language the OK gesture represents the [[9|number nine]] when held in a stationary position with the palm facing away from the signer.<ref name="Penilla and Taylor, 2016">{{cite book |last1=Penilla |first1=Adan R. Penilla |last2=Taylor |first2=Angela Lee |title=American Sign Language For Dummies |date=2016 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781119286097 |language=en |chapter=4. Getting Your Numbers and Times Straight}}</ref> This ASL numerical sign is the last in a sequence of single-digit [[integer]]s where quantities of fingers denote the numbers one through five, and then the thumb touches each finger in turn to denote six (pinky finger), seven (ring finger), eight (middle finger), and finally nine (index finger). When shaken from left to right the sign for the number nine becomes the number [[19]].<ref name="Berke, 2018">{{cite news |last1=Berke |first1=Jamie |title=How You Can Learn the First 20 Numbers in ASL |url=https://www.verywellhealth.com/sign-language-numbers-4020299 |accessdate=20 November 2018 |work=Verywell Health |date=October 1, 2018}}</ref>
Regional forms of [[Chinese number gestures|finger counting used in China]] employ the raised middle, ring and pinky fingers to express [[3|the number three]], either with thumb and index fingers joined as they are in the OK gesture or otherwise.<ref name="Xinyu, 2009">{{cite news |last1=Xinyu |first1=Weng |title=#5: 数字手势 {{!}} 慢速中文 Slow Chinese |url=https://www.slow-chinese.com/podcast/5-shu-zi-shou-shi/ |accessdate=17 November 2018 |work=慢速中文 Slow Chinese |date=June 27. 2009 |language=zh}}</ref> This number gesture is primarily used in China's southern provinces, while in the north "three" may also be expressed by the raised index, middle and ring fingers as it is in English-speaking countries.<ref name="Beijing Time, 2016">{{cite news |title=漫画《名侦探柯南》引发中国人数字手势大讨论-北京时间 |url=https://item.btime.com/337uc2judej820bfoogdr7kuh5v |accessdate=17 November 2018 |work=Beijine Time |publisher=Beijing New Media Group |date=September 4, 2016 |language=zh}}</ref> Both methods are distinct from having the thumb, index and middle fingers extended as is used to denote "three" in much of mainland Europe,<ref name="Willett, 2014">{{cite news |last1=Willett |first1=Megan |title=How To Order A Beer Like A True German |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/order-a-beer-like-a-german-2014-3 |accessdate=17 November 2018 |work=Business Insider |date=March 31, 2014}}</ref> because this represents [[8|the number eight]] in both [[Taiwan]] and parts of mainland [[China]].<ref name="Online Mandarin Tutor, 2016">{{cite news |title=Chinese Number Gestures {{!}} Counting in Chinese and Learning Numbers with Hands |url=https://www.tutormandarin.net/en/chinese-hand-counting/ |accessdate=17 November 2018 |work=Learn Chinese Online {{!}} TutorMandarin: Online Mandarin Tutor |date=December 12, 2016}}</ref>


===Occult===
===Occult===

Revision as of 02:31, 20 November 2018

The gesture

The OK or ring gesture (Unicode symbol U+1F44C "👌") is performed by connecting the thumb and index finger into a circle, and holding the other fingers straight or relaxed away from the palm. Commonly used by divers, it signifies "I am OK" or "Are you OK" when underwater. In most English-speaking countries it denotes approval, agreement, that all is well or "okay". In other contexts or cultures, this same gesture may have different meanings or connotations, including many that are negative, offensive, financial, or devotional.

Positive connotations

"OK"

Diving signal for "I'm OK" or "Are you OK?"

Though it is not known whether the OK gesture is derived from the verbal expression, or if the gesture appeared first, it gained popularity in United States in 1836 as a symbol of support for then Presidential candidate Martin Van Buren, whose nickname, Old Kinderhook, had the initials "O.K."[1] The gesture has been widely used since to mean "all is well" or "good" in the United States.[2][3] As a gesture, its connotation is more positive than the word "OK," which may mean a thing is merely satisfactory or mediocre, as in, "The food was OK." The gesture is commonly understood as a signal of approval,[1] and is sometimes used synonymously with the Western "thumbs up" gesture.

Underwater diving

Diver's signal meaning "Everything OK," used both as a question and as a response to that question.

In the communication used by scuba divers, the OK sign is specific in its meaning that "everything is OK" as regulated by the Recreational Scuba Training Council. Divers are taught to always use this sign and not the thumbs up gesture because the latter means that a diver needs to ascend.[4] The gesture is also used as a means of checking in, with one diver using it to ask another, "Everything OK?" and the response meaning, "Yes, everything is OK." At distances where the standard OK gesture may be hard to see, divers use larger signals as an alternative, either with one hand atop the head and the elbow bent out to the side, or both hands touching above the head so that the arms form an "O" for "OK".[5] This full-body gesture is also used as "OK" in Japan,[6] and was added to Unicode in 2010 under the name “Face With OK Gesture” (U+1F646 "🙆"). The symbol was incorporated into Emoji 1.0 in 2015.[7]

Money

In Japan the gesture is used to symbolize money.[8] Sometimes the sign is used to avoid the verbal awkwardness in talking about or asking for money.[9] In other contexts, it can be used to imply a bribe or other illicit financial transactions.[10][11]

Mudra

Vitarka mudra, Tarim Basin, 9th century

A similar gesture, the Vitarka mudra ("mudra of discussion") is the gesture of discussion and communication (for the number 0) of Buddhist teaching.[12]

In yoga the gesture is known as chin mudra ("the seal of consciousness") when the palm is face down, or jnana mudra ("the seal of wisdom") when the palm is face up or held in other positions. Some schools of yoga use chin and jnana mudra interchangeably, while others claim that "the former produces a subtle feeling of rootedness, the latter a sense of lightness."[13] In these mudras the middle, ring, and pinky fingers represent the three gunas of rajas, tamas, and sattva which, when in harmony, unite individual and universal consciousness. The pressing together of the thumb and forefinger represents that union—or "yoga"—of consciousness.[13]

Negative connotations

Cultural contexts

While widespread use of the OK gesture has granted it an international connotation of assent, it also bears negative, vulgar, or offensive meanings in many regions of the world.[14] The gesture's "O" shape is seen as being a "zero" meaning "worth nothing" in France and Belgium.[11][15] In many Mediterranean countries such as Turkey, Tunisia, and Greece, as well as in the Middle East, parts of Germany, and several South American countries, the gesture may be interpreted as a vulgar expression resembling a human anus, either as an insult ("You are an asshole"), or an offensive reference to homosexuality and the act of sodomy.[1] In Brazil it can be synonymous with giving someone the middle finger.[16][17]

In the Arab world, this sign represents the evil eye, and is used as a curse, sometimes in conjunction with verbal cursing.[18]

In some regions of the world both the positive "OK" and the negative forms are practiced, which can lead to confusion over which meaning is intended.[1] In regions and cultures where the gesture has a historically negative connotation, its use as an "OK sign" is often the result of its appearance in media and tends to be used more by younger people.[19]

Pranks

"The Circle" positioned below the waistline as it appears in The Circle Game.

Since the 1980s the OK gesture has been the key feature of the popular school prank, "the circle game." Those playing the game make the gesture below the waistline and then try to trick others into looking at it. The maker of the gesture then punches a person who looks at it, unless that person can break the circle with their own index finger.[20][21]

As white power symbol

In 2017 the gesture was used in an online prank in meme culture. The Boston Globe reported that users on 4chan's Politically Incorrect channel were instructed to "flood Twitter and other social media websites...claiming that the OK hand sign is a symbol of white supremacy,” as part of a campaign dubbed "Operation O-KKK."[22] Reports of this specific usage of the "OK" sign as a white power symbol traced its origins to a prank on the website 4chan.[23] While some members of the white nationalist alt-right movement used the symbol after the launch of the 4chan campaign, it was initially ambiguous whether or not it was being used to communicate adherence to white nationalism, or simply as a sign of approval.[24] Later that year the Anti-Defamation League published an article asking:

Has the simple thumb-and-forefinger 'OK' hand gesture become a common white supremacist hand sign? Not quite, but it has become a popular gesture used by people across several segments of the right and far right—including some actual white supremacists—who generally use it to trigger reactions.[25]

By 2018, people in a number of contexts were coming under fire for appearing to display the gesture non-ironically to signify a commitment to white supremacy.[22][26][27]

Other connotations

Fingerspelling

The letter F in the American manual alphabet

In deaf culture, the sign of joined thumb and forefinger takes on various letters in different systems of fingerspelling. The American manual alphabet of American Sign Language (ASL) reserves it for the letter F, while in both Irish and French Sign Language it is the letter G.[28] In fingerspellings that represent Cyrillic alphabetical systems, such as the Ukrainian manual alphabet, the gesture represents the vowel O and reflects that letter's shape.[29] Similarly, the Korean manual alphabet uses the gesture for the Hangul letter "ㅇ", romanized as "ng" to reflect its pronunciation in spoken Korean.[30] In yubimoji (指文字 ), Japan's manual syllabary whose 45 signs and four diacritics represent the phonemes of the Japanese language, the gesture is the syllable "me" (め in hiragana, メ in katakana).[31] Various fingerspelling systems may call for other specific features of the gesture beyond its joined thumb-and-forefinger with remaining fingers entended. For example, the ring in yubimoji's "me" gesture is slightly tapered rather than rounded. [32]

Sign languages

1880 drawing of person displaying the sign for "sun" in Plains Indian Sign Language.

Dating back to the tenth century C.E. in Europe, the gesture of thumb and forefinger forming a ring with the remaining fingers extended was used in a set of standardized signs employed by Christian monks under vows of silence to represent numerous religious rites and objects.[33] Likewise, in modern-day ASL, the gesture can mean many different things depending on how it is applied. The pinching action of the thumb-and-forefinger frequently represent something small. For example, the sign for housefly is made by making the gesture mimic a fly buzzing around.[34]

In North American Plains Indian Sign Language, the gesture signifies the sun when held up in front of the face or moved in an arc following the sun's track. When held up to the sky and peered through, it is the sign for high noon.[35] When held a bit lower it signifies the number three. A more complicated series of movements with hands held in the gesture as if drawing a thread or stretching an elastic can signify death, or more specifically, "After a long time you die."[36]

In ASL the gesture also often connotes a selection of some sort. When moved from one side to the other as if picking something up and placing it down, it means "appoint." When the joined thumb and forefinger of the gesture are placed into a hole made by the opposite hand, it means "vote." The sign for "elect" is formed by making the signs for "vote" and "appoint" in succession.[37]

Counting

One version of "three" in Chinese number gestures.

In American Sign Language the OK gesture represents the number nine when held in a stationary position with the palm facing away from the signer.[38] This ASL numerical sign is the last in a sequence of single-digit integers where quantities of fingers denote the numbers one through five, and then the thumb touches each finger in turn to denote six (pinky finger), seven (ring finger), eight (middle finger), and finally nine (index finger). When shaken from left to right the sign for the number nine becomes the number 19.[39]

Regional forms of finger counting used in China employ the raised middle, ring and pinky fingers to express the number three, either with thumb and index fingers joined as they are in the OK gesture or otherwise.[40] This number gesture is primarily used in China's southern provinces, while in the north "three" may also be expressed by the raised index, middle and ring fingers as it is in English-speaking countries.[41] Both methods are distinct from having the thumb, index and middle fingers extended as is used to denote "three" in much of mainland Europe,[42] because this represents the number eight in both Taiwan and parts of mainland China.[43]

Occult

The gesture has been known as "the feminine hand" and was once associated with female genitalia.[44] It has also been used to represent the number 666 as the "Number of the Beast" with the three sixes all sharing the circle formed by the index finger and thumb while the other three fingers form their individual ascenders.[45] In Satanism the three fingers also represent the three aspects of the "Unholy Trinity" of the Sun God Lucifer, the Mother Goddess, and their offspring, the Antichrist. In Freemasonry the hand sign also signifies the deity of the sun and the Masonic pursuit for light.[46]

Fictional uses

The gesture was given prominence in the 1967 British television series The Prisoner, in which a number of unnamed characters are held captive in a village.[47] Whenever these residents take leave of each other, they do so with the phrase, "Be seeing you," accompanied by the gesture held up in front of their own eye as a reminder that despite any pretenses of freedom, they were all prisoners.[48] The gesture is also used as a greeting without the "be seeing you" phrase. The series' lead actor Patrick McGoohan stated that the show had adopted the gesture from the sign of the fish used by early Christians.[49][50]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Armstrong, Nancy; Wagner, Melissa (2003). Field Guide to Gestures – How to Identify and Interpret Virtually Every Gesture Known to Man. Quirk Books. ISBN 978-1-931686-20-4.
  2. ^ Knapp, Mark L.; Hall, Judith A. (2009). Nonverbal Communication in Human Interaction. Cengage Learning. p. 225. ISBN 0495568694.
  3. ^ Manusov, Valerie; Patterson, Miles L. (10 August 2006). "The SAGE Handbook of Nonverbal Communication". SAGE. p. 221 – via Google Books.
  4. ^ Llewellyn, Stevan (April 7, 2017). "Scuba Diving Hand Signals Every Diver Should Know". Sport Diver. Retrieved 19 September 2018.
  5. ^ "Minimum Course Content for Common Hand Signals for Scuba Diving" (PDF). Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. (RSTC) (Jacksonville, FL., USA). 1 December 2005. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  6. ^ Lewis, Philip (February 2, 2016). "6 Emojis That You've Been Using Wrong, And What They Actually Mean". Retrieved 19 November 2018. This emoji, which some assumed to be a ballerina performing a dance move, was intended to be used to signify an 'OK' gesture. 'It's supposed to be an OK symbol...The girl's arms are above her head because she's making an OK sign with her whole body (i.e. a circle, or large 'O'), which is a Japanese gesture.' Unicode lists the emoji as face with OK gesture.
  7. ^ "Face With OK Gesture Emoji". Emojipedia. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
  8. ^ Parhizgar, Kamal Dean (2002). Multicultural Behavior and Global Business Environments. New York: Routledge. p. 382. ISBN 9781135187132.
  9. ^ Kasschau, Anne; Eguchi, Susumu (2015). Using Japanese Slang: This Japanese Phrasebook, Dictionary and Language Guide Gives You Everything You Need To Speak Like a Native!. 192: Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 9781462910953.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  10. ^ Nafziger, James A. R.; Paterson, Robert Kirkwood; Renteln, Alison Dundes (2010). Cultural Law: International, Comparative, and Indigenous. Cambridge University Press. p. 133. ISBN 9781139489324.
  11. ^ a b "What's A-O.K. in the U.S.A. Is Lewd and Worthless Beyond". New York Times. August 18, 1996. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  12. ^ Gertrud Hirschi (2000). Mudras: yoga in your hands (illustrated ed.). Weiser Books. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-57863-139-1.
  13. ^ a b Carroll, Cain; Carroll, Revital (2013). Mudras of India : a Comprehensive Guide to the Hand Gestures of Yoga and Indian Dance (Expanded edition. ed.). Singing Dragon. ISBN 184819109X.
  14. ^ Dangerous Body Language Abroad, by Matthew Link. Posted Jul 26th 2010 01:00 PM. Retrieved on July 26, 2017
  15. ^ Merritt, Anne (September 22, 2010). "10 common gestures easily misunderstood abroad". Matador Network. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  16. ^ Cameron, Tim (June 4, 2008). "7 Innocent Gestures That Can Get You Killed Overseas". Cracked.com. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  17. ^ Freny (5 July 2016). "4 weird unspoken laws in foreign lands! | Chill Feel". ChillFeel. Retrieved 15 November 2018.
  18. ^ "Gestures, Arab Culture" (PDF).. GlobalSecurity.org
  19. ^ "The That means of the OK Hand Gesture Across the World – Study the That means of Hand Gestures | Turkey To Travel Tour". Turkey To Travel. September 27, 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  20. ^ Bish, Joe (29 June 2017). "Searching for the Man Behind 'The Circle Game'". Vice. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
  21. ^ Rohnke, Karl (1984). Silver Bullets: A Guide to Initiative Problems, Adventure Games, Stunts and Trust Activities (PDF). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. pp. 54–55. ISBN 9780840356826. Indexed at ERIC
  22. ^ a b Brodeur, Michael Andor (September 20, 2018). "That hand symbol you're seeing everywhere? Not OK - The Boston Globe". BostonGlobe.com. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
  23. ^ Simkins, J.D. (16 September 2018). "Coastie allegedly flashes white power gesture on live TV, gets kicked off hurricane response team". Navy Times. Retrieved 30 September 2018. The origins of using the "OK" hand gesture as a symbol of white supremacy can be traced back to a 2017 troll campaign on the popular 4chan board "/pol/ — Politically Incorrect," an effort aimed at inciting outrage on the part of liberals and media.
  24. ^ Lybrand, Holmes (17 July 2018). "Fact Check: Were Four Police Officers Suspended for Alleged White-Power Gesture?". The Weekly Standard.
  25. ^ "How the "OK" Symbol Became a Popular Trolling Gesture". Anti-Defamation League. 1 May 2017.
  26. ^ Shugerman, Emily (29 April 2017). "Two members of alt-right accused of making white supremacist hand signs in White House after receiving press passes". The Independent.
  27. ^ Meckler, Laura (12 November 2018). "Apparent Nazi salute in Wisconsin prom photo prompts outrage". The Seattle Times.
  28. ^ Stokoe, William C. (1972). Semiotics and Human Sign Languages. Walter de Gruyter. p. 31. ISBN 9789027920966.
  29. ^ Кульбіда, C.B. Ukrainian Dactylology: Scientific and Methodical Manual (in Ukrainian). Kiev: Pedagogical Thought. p. 2007.
  30. ^ Oh Youung-Joon; Jung Kee-Chul (August 9, 2009). "A Study on the Development of a Korean Manual Alphabet Learning Game with Avatar". Journal of Korea Game Society: 67–80.
  31. ^ Stainbrook, Kaitlin (2 March 2016). "Japanese Sign Language and Being Deaf in Japan". Tofugu. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  32. ^ Shin shuwa kyōshitsu : kōsei rōdōshō shuwa hōshiin yōsei kōza nyūmon katei taiō Niyūmo. Zenkokushuwakenshūsentā. 2004. ISBN 978-4-902158-11-3.
  33. ^ Sherlock, David; Zajac, William. "A Fourteenth-Century Monastic Sign List From Bury St Edmunds Abbey". Proceedings of the Suffolk Institure of Archaeology and History. 36 (4). Gloucester: Alan Sutton Publishing. ISSN 0262-6004.
  34. ^ Briant, Monta Z. (2018). "Fly (insect)". Baby Sign Language Basics: Early Communication for Hearing Babies and Toddlers, 3rd Edition. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 9781401955632.
  35. ^ Heikkinen, Megan (2008). "Hand Talk: American Indian Sign Language - Illustrations Index". www.pislresearch.com. University of Tennessee. Retrieved 17 September 2018.
  36. ^ Mallery, Garrick (1880). Introduction to the Study of Sign Language Among the North American Indians: As Illustrating the Gesture Speech of Mankind. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 20–47.
  37. ^ Fay, Edward Allen (1908). "American Annals of the Deaf". 53. Washington, DC: Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf and Dumb.: 148. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  38. ^ Penilla, Adan R. Penilla; Taylor, Angela Lee (2016). "4. Getting Your Numbers and Times Straight". American Sign Language For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781119286097.
  39. ^ Berke, Jamie (October 1, 2018). "How You Can Learn the First 20 Numbers in ASL". Verywell Health. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  40. ^ Xinyu, Weng (June 27. 2009). "#5: 数字手势 | 慢速中文 Slow Chinese". 慢速中文 Slow Chinese (in Chinese). Retrieved 17 November 2018. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ "漫画《名侦探柯南》引发中国人数字手势大讨论-北京时间". Beijine Time (in Chinese). Beijing New Media Group. September 4, 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  42. ^ Willett, Megan (March 31, 2014). "How To Order A Beer Like A True German". Business Insider. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  43. ^ "Chinese Number Gestures | Counting in Chinese and Learning Numbers with Hands". Learn Chinese Online | TutorMandarin: Online Mandarin Tutor. December 12, 2016. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  44. ^ Robert Campbell (1887). "24 - Ok 666 Hand Sign explained". Phallic Worship. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ T. Mars. "Chapter 24: OK—Sign of the Divine King". Codex Magica. Archived from the original on Jul 3, 2007. Retrieved Sep 7, 2018. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ Richmond, Michael (2013). "6. Illuminati Symbolism: "The OK Sign"". The Spirit Behind the Music: Exposing the Hidden Agenda to Distort the Minds of Today's Generation. BookBaby. ISBN 9780985081324.
  47. ^ Gregory, Chris (1997). Be Seeing You: Decoding The Prisoner. Indiana University Press. p. 43. ISBN 9781860205217. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  48. ^ Cornell, Paul; Day, Martin; Topping, Keith (2015). The Classic British Telefantasy Guide. Orion Publishing Group. p. 17. ISBN 9780575133525. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  49. ^ White, Matthew; Ali, Jaffer (2009). Official Prisoner Companion. Grand Central Publishing. ISBN 9780446569262. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  50. ^ The Prisoner Video Companion. Maljack Productions. 1990. {{cite book}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=OK_gesture&oldid=869742656"