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At a time when the producer and writer [[Panchu Arunachalam]] was in financial crisis, director [[S. P. Muthuraman]] told actor [[Rajinikanth]] this crisis could be averted if Arunachalam made a film starring him. Rajinikanth agreed to make a film for the sake of Arunachalam and offered to give a [[Daily call sheet|call sheet]] of 10 days then told Muthuraman to prepare a story. Muthuraman objected, saying that if Rajinikanth did a "guest role", audiences would not accept it and distributors would not buy the film, meaning low chances of profit. Muthuraman asked Rajinikanth to give 25 call-sheet days and said he would finish the film within that time;<ref name="சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 81" />the average Tamil film then would take 45 days to film.<ref name="canadauthayan" />
At a time when the producer and writer [[Panchu Arunachalam]] was in financial crisis, director [[S. P. Muthuraman]] told actor [[Rajinikanth]] this crisis could be averted if Arunachalam made a film starring him. Rajinikanth agreed to make a film for the sake of Arunachalam and offered to give a [[Daily call sheet|call sheet]] of 10 days then told Muthuraman to prepare a story. Muthuraman objected, saying that if Rajinikanth did a "guest role", audiences would not accept it and distributors would not buy the film, meaning low chances of profit. Muthuraman asked Rajinikanth to give 25 call-sheet days and said he would finish the film within that time;<ref name="சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 81" />the average Tamil film then would take 45 days to film.<ref name="canadauthayan" />


Muthuraman had seen a [[Hindi]] film (1987's ''[[Insaf Ki Pukar]]''){{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=113}} which had two heroes. He decided to remake this film in [[Tamil language|Tamil]], and told Rajinikanth that 25 days was enough. Rajinikanth signed on the film, but asserted that he would not act higher than the given dates. The film was titled ''Guru Sishyan''.<ref name="சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 81" /> It was produced by Arunachalam's wife Meena under their own company P. A. Art Productions,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b495e9607dba348f015cf8 |title=Meena Panchu Arunachalam v. Sun T.V. |date=9 February 2001 |website=CaseMine |publisher=[[Madras High Court]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190808100952/https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b495e9607dba348f015cf8 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> while Arunachalam himself wrote the screenplay.<ref name="Trolly" /> Cinematography was handled by T. S. Vinayagam,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=449779 |title=ஒளிப்பதிவாளர் டி.எஸ்.விநாயகம் மரணம் |date=13 November 2018 |work=[[Dinakaran]] |access-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190729085020/http://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=449779 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |language=ta |trans-title=Cinematographer T. S. Vinayagam is dead}}</ref> editing by R. Vittal and C. Lancy, and art direction by B. Chalam.<ref name="cinemaexpress" /><ref name="movie" /> Arunachalam's son [[Subbu Panchu]] worked as an assistant production manager for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/My-First-Break-Subbu/article15411774.ece |title=My First Break: Subbu |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=12 February 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518190115/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/My-First-Break-Subbu/article15411774.ece |archive-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/050316/subbu-panchu-on-a-roll.html |title=Subbu Panchu on a roll |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=5 March 2016 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=9 August 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190809034918/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/050316/subbu-panchu-on-a-roll.html |archive-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>
Muthuraman had seen ''[[Insaf Ki Pukar]]'' (1987),{{sfn|Ramachandran|2014|p=113}} a Hindi film that has two heroes. He decided to remake this film in Tamil and told Rajinikanth 25 days was enough. Rajinikanth signed on the film but said he he would not act for longer than the given dates. The film was produced by Arunachalam's wife Meena under their own company P. A. Art Productions,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b495e9607dba348f015cf8 |title=Meena Panchu Arunachalam v. Sun T.V. |date=9 February 2001 |website=CaseMine |publisher=[[Madras High Court]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190808100952/https://www.casemine.com/judgement/in/56b495e9607dba348f015cf8 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |access-date=8 August 2019}}</ref> while Arunachalam wrote the screenplay.<ref name="Trolly" /> Cinematography was handled by T. S. Vinayagam,<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=449779 |title=ஒளிப்பதிவாளர் டி.எஸ்.விநாயகம் மரணம் |date=13 November 2018 |work=[[Dinakaran]] |access-date=29 July 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190729085020/http://www.dinakaran.com/News_Detail.asp?Nid=449779 |archive-date=29 July 2019 |language=ta |trans-title=Cinematographer T. S. Vinayagam is dead}}</ref> editing by R. Vittal and C. Lancy, and art direction was by B. Chalam.<ref name="cinemaexpress" /><ref name="movie" /> Arunachalam's son [[Subbu Panchu]] worked as an assistant production manager for the film.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/My-First-Break-Subbu/article15411774.ece |title=My First Break: Subbu |last=Ashok Kumar |first=S. R. |date=12 February 2011 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=14 October 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518190115/http://www.thehindu.com/features/cinema/My-First-Break-Subbu/article15411774.ece |archive-date=18 May 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/050316/subbu-panchu-on-a-roll.html |title=Subbu Panchu on a roll |last=Subramanian |first=Anupama |date=5 March 2016 |work=[[Deccan Chronicle]] |access-date=9 August 2019 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20190809034918/https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/050316/subbu-panchu-on-a-roll.html |archive-date=9 August 2019}}</ref>


=== Casting ===
=== Casting ===

Revision as of 23:55, 11 October 2019

Guru Sishyan
File:Guru Sishyan.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed byS. P. Muthuraman
Screenplay byPanchu Arunachalam
Based onInsaf Ki Pukar
Produced byMeena Panchu Arunachalam
StarringRajinikanth
Prabhu
Seetha
Gautami
CinematographyT. S. Vinayagam
Edited byR. Vittal
C. Lancy
Music byIlaiyaraaja
Production
company
P. A. Art Productions
Distributed byMangaadu Amman Films
Release date
  • 13 April 1988 (1988-04-13)
Running time
144 minutes[1]
CountryIndia
LanguageTamil

Guru Sishyan (transl. Teacher, Student; Tamil pronunciation: [ɡuɾ̪u siʂjan]) is a 1988 Indian Tamil-language action comedy film that was directed by S. P. Muthuraman. It is a remake of the Hindi film Insaf Ki Pukar (1987) that stars Rajinikanth, Prabhu, Seetha and Gautami in the lead roles with Pandiyan, Cho Ramaswamy, Ravichandran, Radha Ravi, Senthamarai, Vinu Chakravarthy, Manorama, LIC Narasimhan and Sudha in supporting roles. The film is about two ex-convicts who set out to prove the innocence of their wrongfully imprisoned fellow convict.

Meena Panchu Arunachalam produced Guru Sishyan under the production company P. A. Art Productions. The screenplay was written by her husband Panchu Arunachalam. Cinematography was handled by T. S. Vinayagam, the editing was by R. Vittal and C. Lancy, and the art direction was by B. Chalam. The film is Gautami's debut role in Tamil cinema, and the first film in which Rajinikanth and Prabhu co-starred. Filming took place primarily in Mysore and Chennai, and was completed in 25 days.

Guru Sishyan was released on 13 April 1988 during the Puthandu (Tamil New Year) holiday. Despite being released at a time of political turmoil in Tamil Nadu after the death of chief minister M. G. Ramachandran months earlier, Guru Sishyan, which includes many political references, became a commercial success, running in theatres for over 175 days.

Plot

Soon-to-be-released convicts Raja and Babu meet Manohar, who is on death row. He tells them his sister Sumathi was kidnapped by a taxi driver and taken to Muthuraaj, a playboy who raped and killed her. Muthuraaj murdered the taxi driver and with his elder brother Rajamanickam, ally Jayaram and a corrupt police inspector Nallasivam, framed Manohar. Raja and Babu believe Manohar; Raja stalls his execution by fracturing his left arm. Once released, the two men initiate an elaborate plan.

Posing as CBI officers, Raja and Babu perform a fake income tax raid in Nallasivam's house and discover his abundance of illegally earned wealth then force his wife Kalyani to sign a confirmation paper. Nallasivam soon realises the truth but Raja and Babu have created numerous copies of the paper. Raja later falls in love Geetha, another inspector. He tells Babu to "romance" Rajamanickam's daughter Chithra as part of the plan but Babu's initial attempt backfires. Raja discovers that Geetha is Nallasivam's daughter and lies to her about being a CBI officer. Raja blackmails Nallasivam into helping him infiltrate Muthuraaj's services as a new bodyguard. Babu later genuinely falls in love with Chithra, who reciprocates.

Raja tells Geetha he is a wastrel and about Nallasivam's corrupt nature. Pressured by Raja, Nallasivam introduces Babu to Rajamanickam as a millionaire who is in love with Chitha; Rajamanickam arranges their marriage. During the ceremony, Babu tells Rajamanickam he knows of the group's crimes and says he will only marry Chithra if the group confess in writing but Rajamanickam refuses. Babu then reveals his true identity to Rajamanickam and cancels the marriage, telling Chithra Rajamanickam refused to give him the requested dowry. Rajamanickam, Jayaram and Muthuraaj realise Nallasivam lied to them, that Babu is trying to help Manohar, and plan revenge.

For over 20 years, Rajamanickam has been trying to uncover a secret that is only known to Kandhasamy, a prisoner in his basement. Kandhasamy has amnesia so a rope is used to jolt his memory. It succeeds but Kandhasamy refuses to tell Rajamanickam. Jayaram believes Kandhasamy will only tell Babu because he is Manohar's father so Rajamanickam lets Babu be taken to the basement. Raja follows to watch over Babu, and they secretly rescue Kandhasamy and his wife Padma and escape.

Raja realises he is Kandhasamy's first son who went missing years ago. Babu identifies Kandhasamy as the murderer of his parents. Kandhasamy reveals the truth: he had learned the location of a treasure cave but wanted to tell only Babu's father, IG Sriram. Rajamanickam imprisoned Kandhasamy, Padma, Manohar and Sumathi then murdered Babu's parents while disguised as Kandhasamy, sparing Babu so he could blame Kandhasamy. The family escaped and Padma reveals that while Manohar was arrested, they were recaptured by Rajamanickam. Raja plans revenge for his family's fracture.

Geetha and Chithra join Raja and Babu in their crusade. Rajamanickam meets with the two men and at the instigation of Jayaram, agrees to sign a paper incriminating Muthuraaj in exchange for the location to the cave, which will be the condition for Chithra to marry Babu. Chithra records Rajamanickam's and Jayaram's conversation on tape; she gives it to Muthuraaj, who plans revenge along with Nallasivam.

Kandhasamy, Rajamanickam, Jayaram, Babu and Raja reach the cave and find many gold bars. Rajamanickam signs the paper as promised but Raja and Babu intend to have him arrested for his crimes, and Jayaram ends his partnership with Rajamanickam. Soon after, Muthuraaj and Nallasivam arrive and create chaos with thugs and bombs; Rajamanickam and Jayaram are killed while Raja, Babu and Kandhasamy escape. Muthuraaj and Nallasivam drive away with many gold bars but are stopped by Raja and Babu, and arrested by Geetha. Manohar, now fully healed, is exonerated.

Cast

Production

Development

At a time when the producer and writer Panchu Arunachalam was in financial crisis, director S. P. Muthuraman told actor Rajinikanth this crisis could be averted if Arunachalam made a film starring him. Rajinikanth agreed to make a film for the sake of Arunachalam and offered to give a call sheet of 10 days then told Muthuraman to prepare a story. Muthuraman objected, saying that if Rajinikanth did a "guest role", audiences would not accept it and distributors would not buy the film, meaning low chances of profit. Muthuraman asked Rajinikanth to give 25 call-sheet days and said he would finish the film within that time;[2]the average Tamil film then would take 45 days to film.[3]

Muthuraman had seen Insaf Ki Pukar (1987),[4] a Hindi film that has two heroes. He decided to remake this film in Tamil and told Rajinikanth 25 days was enough. Rajinikanth signed on the film but said he he would not act for longer than the given dates. The film was produced by Arunachalam's wife Meena under their own company P. A. Art Productions,[5] while Arunachalam wrote the screenplay.[6] Cinematography was handled by T. S. Vinayagam,[7] editing by R. Vittal and C. Lancy, and art direction was by B. Chalam.[8][9] Arunachalam's son Subbu Panchu worked as an assistant production manager for the film.[10][11]

Casting

Muthuraman said he did Guru Sishyan to exploit Rajinikanth's flair for comedy.[12][13] Rajinikanth was cast as the first hero Raja, and Prabhu as the second hero Babu.[14] This was the first film where the two actors, who were leading stars of Tamil cinema, were seen together onscreen; they actually first acted together in Dharmathin Thalaivan, which released later in 1988.[15] Gautami was cast as the police officer Geetha,[1][16] one of the two female leads. This was her debut in Tamil cinema.[17][18] Seetha played Chithra, the other female lead.[14][19]

Pandiyan portrayed Raja's brother Manohar.[8][20] Ravichandran played the antagonist Rajamanickam,[1] deviating from the heroic roles he was previously known for.[21] Cho Ramaswamy portrayed Rajamanickam's advisor Jayaram,[22] and Radha Ravi portrayed Rajamanickam's brother Muthuraaj.[20][1] Senthamarai appeared as Raja and Manohar's father Kandhasamy,[20] Vinu Chakravarthy as the corrupt police officer Nallasivam,[8][23] and Manorama as his wife Kalyani.[24] K. Natraj, LIC Narasimhan, Nagaraja Chozhan and Sudha appeared in minor roles as the criminal Solomon, Babu's father Sriram, the taxi driver, Padmasri as Kandhasamy's wife Padma, and Manohar's sister Sumathi, respectively.[9]

Filming

Principal photography began with the filming of the song "Jingidi Jingidi" at VGP Universal Kingdom, Madras (now Chennai),[2] Gautami was initially nervous dancing with Rajinikanth in "Jingidi Jingidi" since it was the first time they were acting together, so it was decided to take non-dancing scenes for two days then go to the dance. Choreographer Puliyur Saroja strictly trained Gauthami and she was able to dance convincingly.[19] Many scenes of the film were shot at Mysore,[25] due to the hassles of shooting in Madras.[3][8] Initially, the script did not have a fight scene for Prabhu.[6] At Rajinikanth's insistence, the fight scene intended for him was later given to Prabhu.[19][26] The song "Kandu Pudichen", picturised on Rajinikanth and Gauthami, was shot in a day.[27]

The climax fight sequence was planned to be filmed in the Borra Caves at Araku Valley, but since Rajinikanth's call sheet dates were nearing the end and going to Araku Valley and returning would take longer, Chalam designed an identical cave set in Madras, and the sequence was shot there successfully.[19] The scene where Raja and Babu escape through a tunnel while being pursued by a rolling boulder was based on a similar scene from Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981).[28] While Rajinikanth had given a call sheet of 25 days, all his scenes were shot in 23 days;[19][3] he stayed for the remaining two days, during which he moved the trolley for the song "Vaa Vaa Vanji", picturised on Prabhu and Seetha and shot at Brindavan Gardens.[6][19] The final length of the film was 3,996.19 metres (13,110.9 ft).[9]

Themes

Film critic Naman Ramachandran considers the film to have an "overt political message".[29] He, Jeeva Sahapthan of Patrikai and S. Rajanayagam (author of the 2015 book Popular Cinema and Politics in South India) interpret the scene where many convicts fight for the chief's chair and Raja sings "Naatkaalikku Sandai Podum Naamellam Paithiyam Thaanda" (People who fight for a chair are mad) as a reference to infighting which occurred within the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) following the death of Tamil Nadu chief minister M. G. Ramachandran on 24 December 1987; after his death, the AIADMK was split into two factions: one led by his widow V. N. Janaki, and the other by Jayalalithaa.[30][31][32][33] Jeeva Sahapthan notes that Raja's dialogue "Mike aala pesaradhu andha kaalam, mike aala adikkaradhu indha kaalam" (Talking through the mike is old, beating with the mike is new)[34] references several incidents where people were beaten with mikes.[33]

A writer from The Hindu Tamil compared Guru Sishyan to many other Rajinikanth films from the 1980s like Polladhavan (1980), Moondru Mugam (1982), Naan Mahaan Alla (1984) and Naan Sigappu Manithan (1985) because of revenge being a mutual theme in them.[35] S. Rajanayagam writes that the scene where the jailer advises Raja not to visit the jail again, and Raja asks in rebuttal that if those outside (in the society) are good, why should he have to come inside (to the jail), mirrors many films where Rajinikanth's character submits himself to the law and gets punished as a routine, but does not generally feel guilty about his petty crimes, and is depicted to take for granted that minor offences are a part of daily living.[36] Writing for Firstpost in 2014, S. Srinivasan said the film stresses that people with "families and reputations and clean linen shirts to protect" should normally "avoid messing up with the poor, who have nothing to lose, or the rich, who can swat us like a fly."[37]

In another Firstpost article, Apoorva Sripathi noted that the various hand gestures Jayaram makes in one scene where he is in deep thought, were actually symbols of the AIADMK, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and the Indian National Congress. She called this an example of Ramaswamy making references to politics in his films.[38] Film historian Mohan Raman said, "Cho was one person who could spout political dialogues and display his brand of wit [...] His comedy in [Guru Sishyan] was satire-driven... maybe because he was essentially a stage actor."[39] Rajanayagam states that "Kandu Pudichen" replaying in part at the film's end signifies a trend in Tamil cinema, wherein the last song to be played is usually an earlier one playing in part.[40]

Soundtrack

The music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja.[41] Vaali wrote the lyrics of all songs except "Jingidi Jingidi", which Ilaiyaraaja himself wrote. The soundtrack was released by Echo Records.[42] "Kandu Pudichen" is set in the Carnatic raga known as Shubhapantuvarali.[43][44] Unlike most Shubhapantuvarali songs which are composed with melancholic overtones, it was made to be "playful" and "fun".[44][45] The song attained popularity,[46] as did "Naatkaalikku Sandai" despite its anti-political lyrics,[33][47] and "Jingidi Jingidi" with its nonsensical lyrics.[48]

No.TitleLyricsSinger(s)Length
1."Kandu Pudichen"VaaliS. P. Balasubrahmanyam04:34
2."Vaa Vaa Vanji"VaaliS. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra04:28
3."Naatkaalikku Sandai"VaaliMalaysia Vasudevan, Mano04:30
4."Jingidi Jingidi"IlaiyaraajaMano, K. S. Chithra04:27
5."Uthama Puthiri Naanu"VaaliSwarnalatha04:13

Release and reception

Guru Sishyan was released on 13 April 1988, during the Puthandu (Tamil New Year) holiday frame,[4][49] and was distributed by Mangaadu Amman Films.[50] According to trade analyst Sreedhar Pillai, the overseas rights of the film were sold for ₹1 lakh (equivalent to ₹11 lakh or US$14,000 in 2023);[51] however, Prathibha Parameswaran of Scroll.in says the film "did a business of just about a lakh of rupees", its distributor having acquired its overseas rights for ₹60,000 (equivalent to ₹690,000 or US$8,200 in 2023).[52]

On 24 April 1988, the review board of the magazine Ananda Vikatan applauded the film for its comedy and Rajinikanth's performance, especially his English malapropisms, giving it a rating of 40 out of 100.[20] On 29 April, N. Krishnaswamy of The Indian Express wrote, "Rajinikanth and Prabhu enjoy to the hilt playing their light-hearted roles, lissom newface Gautami and short and square [Seetha] prance around with abandon. [Ilaiyaraaja's] numbers are pleasant and add sparkle to the song-and-dance sequences."[28] Despite being released at a time when political turmoil was happening in Tamil Nadu after M. G. Ramachandran's death,[4][53] the film became a commercial success, running for over 175 days in theatres,[8] thereby becoming a silver jubilee film.[54][a]

Legacy

Guru Sishyan propelled Gautami to instant stardom.[56] Many of Rajinikanth's English malapropisms attained popularity such as "Es-kiss me" or "Yes kiss me" instead of "Excuse me",[57][58] "underwear" instead of "understand",[59] "jaundice" instead of "justice",[28] and the scene where Raja and Babu perform a mock income tax raid,[60][61] with Raja mistakenly saying "ABC" instead of "CBI".[57] S. Rajanayagam writes that the imaging of Rajinikanth's politics can be seen in four phases, where the second covers "the period from Guru Sishyan (1988) to Baatshaa [sic] (1995)".[62] Naman Ramachandran noted that after the release of Guru Sishyan, "overt political commentary would become increasingly common in Rajinikanth's films".[4]

In his review of Sundhara Travels (2002), S. R. Ashok Kumar of The Hindu compared Vinu Chakravarthy's comical police character to Nallasivam.[63] The 2010 film Guru Sishyan, directed by Sakthi Chidambaram, has a different storyline from its 1988 namesake. Sakthi Chidambaram said, "the story demanded such a title, we short-listed 50 titles, finally decided we could use the old one".[64] In Enkitta Mothathe (2017), "Naatkaalikku Sandai" plays in a theatre where, at the same time, there is a scuffle between Ravi (Natarajan Subramaniam) and Mandhramoorthy (Radha Ravi) on who is bigger.[65]

Notes

  1. ^ A silver jubilee film is one that completes a theatrical run of 25 weeks or 175 days.[55]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Guru Sishyan (1988)". AllMovie. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  2. ^ a b Muthuraman, S. P. (26 October 2016). "சினிமா எடுத்துப் பார் 81: கண் தானத்தை ஊக்குவித்த ரஜினி!" [Try to make a film 81: Rajini encouraged eye donation!]. The Hindu Tamil. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  3. ^ a b c "சூப்பர்ஸ்டார் ரஜினிகாந்த் வாழ்க்கை வரலாறு 48" [Superstar Rajinikanth's life history 48] (PDF). Uthayan (in Tamil). Canada. 26 June 2015. p. 33. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 January 2019. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d Ramachandran 2014, p. 113.
  5. ^ "Meena Panchu Arunachalam v. Sun T.V." CaseMine. Madras High Court. 9 February 2001. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  6. ^ a b c "பிளாஷ்பேக்: பிரபு பாடல் காட்சிக்கு டிராலி தள்ளிய ரஜினி" [Flashback: Rajini moved the trolly for a song picturised on Prabhu]. Dinamalar (in Tamil). 8 November 2016. Archived from the original on 12 November 2016. Retrieved 28 January 2019.
  7. ^ "ஒளிப்பதிவாளர் டி.எஸ்.விநாயகம் மரணம்" [Cinematographer T. S. Vinayagam is dead]. Dinakaran (in Tamil). 13 November 2018. Archived from the original on 29 July 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  8. ^ a b c d e "குரு சிஷ்யன் – (1988)" [Guru Sishyan (1988)]. Cinema Express (in Tamil). Archived from the original on 19 November 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
  9. ^ a b c Guru Sishyan (motion picture) (in Tamil). P. A. Art Productions. 1988. Opening credits, from 0:00 to 2:14.
  10. ^ Ashok Kumar, S. R. (12 February 2011). "My First Break: Subbu". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 May 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  11. ^ Subramanian, Anupama (5 March 2016). "Subbu Panchu on a roll". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 9 August 2019. Retrieved 9 August 2019.
  12. ^ The Hindu 2012, p. 17.
  13. ^ Muthuraman, S. P. (22 December 1999). "Rajini acts in front of the camera, never behind it". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  14. ^ a b "Guru Sishyan (1989)". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango Media. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 2 October 2019.
  15. ^ The Hindu 2012, p. 36.
  16. ^ Shrikumar, A. (15 February 2017). "Conquering cancer, celebrating cinema". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 3 September 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
  17. ^ Subhakeerthana, S (8 July 2019). "I miss being in films: Gautami". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 24 July 2019. Retrieved 11 September 2019.
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Bibliography

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