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November 27

Prominent Muslim women married to Non–Muslims?

Greetings,

I am looking for following information (Where possible with sources)

a) Which are first well known examples of Muslim woman married to Non–Muslim men?

b) Prominent Muslim women married to Non–Muslims from various countries?

c) Autobiographies and biographies of Muslim women married to Non–Muslim men?

c) Muslim women married to Non–Muslims also examples in fiction literature: stories, novels, poetry, drama, TV series and movies.

Thanks

Bookku, 'Encyclopedias = expanding information & knowledge' (talk) 04:21, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

The first one I thought of is Huma Abedin. 2601:648:8202:350:0:0:0:69F6 (talk) 05:04, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Also, US Rep. Ilhan Omar (D-MN) is currently married to Tim Mynett, a political consultant who worked on her campaign. 2601:648:8202:350:0:0:0:69F6 (talk) 05:32, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Bookku, I am sure that you are not trying to compile a convenient list of people that violent extremists might want to assassinate, but consider the possibility that such a list as you describe might possibly be used by someone else for such a purpose. {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 90.205.225.31 (talk) 22:31, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Certainly any anti–human misuse of information and knowledge would be distressing. Civilian airplanes were misused in 9/11 so do we stop producing and using Civilian airplanes? same is true about information and knowledge.

Rather intention here is to normalize history and existence of Muslim women's marriages to non–Muslim men. Normalization itself likely to reduce scourge of breach of human rights.

Bookku, 'Encyclopedias = expanding information & knowledge' (talk) 07:06, 30 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Despite Islamic law and traditions to the contrary, Muslim women have been marrying non-Muslim men for a very long time. This article describes Crusaders taking Muslim wives as early as the 1120s. Wikipedia's article titled Interfaith marriage in Islam also notes that in poly-religious societies (like India) and officially secular countries (like Turkey) that marriages between Muslim women and non-Muslim men are far more common. --Jayron 32 17:32, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

I'm not sure who that author is but she seems to be a scientist rather than an historian...anyway it's possible that Muslims and crusaders married sometimes but the evidence is a bit sketchy. Muslims who converted to Christianity first, sure, and eastern Christians definitely. Adam Bishop (talk) 22:58, 1 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

If we go back a thousand years or so, the very concept of marriage becomes sketchy. Most states did not record marriages, and even the Church-sanctioned marriage was not universal even in Western Europe (see e.g. common law marriage). Quite often, any couple living together for a time with the knowledge of the local community was considered married. --Stephan Schulz (talk) 15:56, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Iman (model) --Viennese Waltz 18:02, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Music critic at Mills College?

I'm working on a WP article for the music critic Mark Swed (born 1945) [1]. His Grove bio says that he went to Mills College and received an MA. As a man, how would this be possible for him? I thought Mills was a women's college? Typo? Aza24 (talk) 09:44, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

” Mills College is a private women's liberal arts college in Oakland, California. Mills is an undergraduate women's college for women and gender non-binary students with graduate programs for students of all genders.” DOR (HK) (talk) 14:48, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

The article also says "In 1920, Mills added graduate programs for women and men, granting its first master's degrees the following year." He graduated from UCB with a BA then studied at Mills for his MA. I don't have access to Grove, but that is presumably what it says. 92.23.202.187 (talk) 15:41, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Speaking more generally, over the years I have come across a number of instances where a school or college nominally restricted to one sex has taken an occasional student of the other sex: most often this was the child or other close relative of one of the establishment's teachers, who might well have been living with their parent/relative on the premises. [Edited to add] At my own 600-strong all-male boarding school, of the three girls who (for the first time) joined our 6th form (i.e. last two senior years), one was the daughter of my physics teacher and one the daughter of the school's head caterer. (The school turned fully co-ed the year after I left.) {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 90.205.225.31 (talk) 22:38, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Sled-skateboard hybrid

Back in the day, during my 1990s childhood in Baku, kids were making a wooden rectangular or square flatboard on four wheels (slightly more bulky than skateboard) and rode it like sled, where the second guy was pushing from behind. Was it a known thing elsewhere and did it have a name? Brandmeister^talk 10:28, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Go-kart MilborneOne (talk) 18:23, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

See also soapbox car and soapbox derby. The ones in the photos in those articles look quite fancy, but historically the cars were made from actual shipping crates (soap boxes). 2601:648:8202:350:0:0:0:69F6 (talk) 18:39, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

My father was quite enthusiastic about such improvised downhill wooden karts for kids. He built them himself in the late 1930s and early 1940s, built them with his children in the 1960s and with his grandchildren in the 1990s. They were nailed together from 2X4s and scraps of plywood, and the front wheels had a swiveling axle so it could be steered by a loop of rope. This was in Michigan and California. No helmets! We called them go-karts while being aware that real go-karts had lawn mower type engines and welded metal frames. Cullen328 (talk) 07:37, 28 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Is the OP referring to street luge? --Jayron 32 17:22, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Flash robs

There has been a sudden flurry of flash robs in the US, particularly west coast. Is this some kind of new tactic that just developed? Some new coordination channel (someone on reddit said Tik Tok)? They seemed semi-spontaneous, but apparently some of them are more organized, e.g. same 40 people did two of them a few hours apart, at two stores of the same chain but 50 miles away from each other. They did one, piled into 20 cars, drove to the other place, and did that one.

There isn't any obvious new tactical ingredient to these robberies, so if there is one, I'm wondering what it is (social media coordination by itself doesn't seem big enough). Or contrarily, if there isn't a new ingredient, then why did it just start happening instead of being a regular thing? I'm actually surprised that it wasn't more popular decades ago before there was surveillance everywhere. Did we reach a new level of social distress among the robbers, or what? Thanks. 2601:648:8202:350:0:0:0:69F6 (talk) 19:30, 27 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

We already have an article on Steaming (crime) which was a thing in the UK in the 1990s/2000s and seems to be the same idea. Alansplodge (talk) 09:17, 28 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

See also the not-always crime-motivated Flash mob. As that article mentions, the idea of an unexpected mob of criminals converging with the aid of technology was anticipated by Larry Niven's 1976 story Flash Crowd (in which teleportation booths supplemented comtech to facilitate the convergence and dispersal of the criminals involved). {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 90.205.225.31 (talk) 00:18, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

This kind of robbery is also known as a smash and grab, which can be perpetrated by a single individual, and also by groups of varying sizes. --Jayron 32 13:31, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

November 28

which cultures falls into which categories in kluckhohn-strodtbeck and hofstede frameworks and others

Is there a website that shows which cultures falls into which dimensions in kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework and which cultures falls which dimensions in hofstede framework and as well as which culture falls into materialism vs concern for others, concentrated vs decentralized power, urgent time orientation vs casual time orientation and high-context culture vs low-context culture? please and thank you. Donmust90 (talk) 22:54, 28 November 2021 (UTC)Donmust90Donmust90 (talk) 22:54, 28 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

We do have articles about those. Have you tried web searches? I hadn't heard those names before but it seems like the same ideas have come up elsewhere. 2601:648:8202:350:0:0:0:69F6 (talk) 00:04, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Courtesy links: Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's values orientation theory; Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. Of interest: Social Axioms Survey. --Lambiam 12:22, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

For Hofstede, you can check the values for countries one at a time on the Hofstede Institute website, using the drop down chart generator 70.67.193.176 (talk) 18:17, 30 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

November 29

Peer Reviewed Jounal With a Non-Specialist Claim - How to Best Assess the Veracity?

Hi. I was reading "Aesthetics and Ephemerality: Observing and Preserving the Luxury Brand" (2009) with the intention of hopefully citing it in Ephemerality. And I did come across something useful, the quote reads: "Although present in all cultures and times, a philosophy of the ephemeral is perhaps best enunciated in the Japanese notion of wabi-sabi, a world-view that is centred on transience". In isolation, this is really useful for an overview on ephemerality and humanity, however, context is perhaps a hindrance.

This article was published California Management Review; the cited authors are either professors of management or marketing. They're not anthropologists, whose prerogative I'd expect the aforementioned quote to be – or an historian, or cultural scholar or sociologist. So, with that all being said, is this claim made by them - or at least propagated - reliable? Thanks. DMT Biscuit (talk) 18:22, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

You might note that the poisoned heart of a manager of marketing is concerned with other than the ephemeral, and they are citing Juniper, Andrew (2003). Wabi Sabi: The Japanese Art of Impermanence. OCLC 1045074093.. fiveby(zero) 18:55, 29 November 2021 (UTC)[reply]

December 1

Prince Steno Borghese

Prince Steno Borghese was the first President of the Italian Baseball Federation (1950-1960) and of the European Baseball Federation (1953-1971), and a member of the first class of inductees in the Italian Baseball Hall of Fame. He is the namesake of Stadio Steno Borghese. He was a part of the highly aristocratic Borghese family and possibly a sibling of Junio Valerio Borghese. But he doesn't have an article here or on the Italian wikipedia, and I can't find his birth or death details (or his exact place in the Borghese family tree). Grateful to anyone who could help, as it would help me to create an article. Xuxl (talk) 16:27, 1 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

He is mentioned briefly here and here in regard to the FEB. He's mentioned here as having donated the land for the stadium. This article has some more information on him, noting that he was installed the mayor of Nettuno while the area was occupied by the US Army during WWII. This book discusses his ancestry a bit, page 43 mentions he was from the Borghese family and a relative of the King of Italy, who at the time was Victor Emmanuel III of Italy; I'm not sure how he's related to the Borghese family, but there's some leads for you to follow in that book. It also discusses his importance to Italian baseball. He had a portrait painted by Tomas Concepcion: [2]. This blog (not necessarily a reliable source, the rest of it seems a bit, um, weird) says that he was a member of the Vatican Noble Guard and presided over the 1963 papal conclave, so that might help you find other possible sources about him. That's about all I could find with my Google-Fu. --Jayron 32 19:13, 1 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Thanks User:Jayron32. I managed to find other information when I dug up via a genealogy site that his real first name was Stefano. He is in the Borghese family tree on the Italian wikipedia page, as the oldest son of Rodolfo Borghese, a pre-WWII Italian nobleman and politician, which makes him a first cousin of the infamous Junio Valerio Borghese. His dates are 1911-1978. There was significant newspaper coverage of his visits to the U.S. to drum up support for Italian baseball in 1955 and 1958. He never married or had any children, and apparently committed suicide, which may have something to do about the relatively sparse coverage in places one would have expected. Anyway, a pretty complete picture emerges with all of this. Xuxl (talk) 19:43, 1 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Medieval costume

What would a medieval sea captain's uniform look like? What color? --Christie the puppy lover (talk) 20:10, 1 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

While it probably depends on the country, Uniforms of the Royal Navy notes that the first uniforms for British naval officers were standardized in the 18th century, well after the medieval period. There may or may not have been any standard uniform of the time period. The Greenwich Royal Museum's oldest uniform in their collection dates from 1748, which it claims was the first such uniform for the UK. See here. --Jayron 32 20:31, 1 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

P.S. Christie if you’re interested in what a medieval captain would have worn, even though it wasn’t a uniform, you might look through some of the images in Marine_art#Earliest_times_to_1400. Other potentially relevant Wikipedia articles are 1400–1500 in European fashion and others in the similar series working backwards – use the desktop view and scroll to the bottom to access links to all the articles in the fashion timeline series,, for whichever culture you're interested in. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 22:21, 1 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

December 2

Which areas were (de jure) part of the Mughal Empire in 1760?

ZFT (talk) 01:46, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

If I compare to This map (change the year to 1760), basically the area in green labeled Oudh and the extreme northern part of the yellow area which is the Maratha Empire. This map was produced by the British, who had their own political reasons for creating it; it may or may not have actually represented the actual control of territory, but in reality it wasn't too far off. By 1760, there was still nominally a Mughal Empire, but it's not really clear that they had undisputed legal control over any territory. In reality, they probably only controlled the city of Delhi and little else; which is why the British basically erased them from this map. As noted at Shah Alam II, the empire basically only existed on paper, and the Mughals were functionally under the suzerainty of the Maratha. --Jayron 32 11:53, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

There was no international body for settling jurisdiction disputes; the answer in those days on the de jure question may have very much depended on whom you asked. Note that particularly in 1760, as Alam II first ascended to the throne as a Maratha puppet, the de facto situation was briefly fluctuating; the Bengal War showed that he (or the Maratha) still laid claim to Bengal Subah as part of the Empire. --Lambiam 13:41, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Lambiam raises a very cogent point here. The modern concept of the nation-state did not exist at this time, and especially in this locale; a sovereign like a King or an Emperor had claim to the land they could control by having an army to enforce their laws and collect taxes from the people living on that land, and that was about it. It's even more complicated when there are competing claims that go uncontested for a time. Certainly, both the Mughals and the Maratha had armies, at the time, capable of defending such claims, that is evidenced by the fact that the Mughals did fight wars to defend such claims. There's a lot of fiction involved in drawing maps with lines and different colors in these ways. Even in Europe itself, the concept of the modern nation-state was relatively new (see Westphalian sovereignty), and such political theories don't really apply in India at this time. --Jayron 32 13:53, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Provoking the Swiss Guard

As I was unable to find appropriate information, what would most likely happen if you started doing really nasty things to an honorary guard of the Swiss Guard (meaning the guys with halberds wearing the flamboyant Renaissance uniforms) like shouting swearwords at him, pulling his clothes, touching his face, physically attacking him or similar? In which case would he be allowed to react, and how (e. g. walk or run away, inform somebody, or even defend himself)? And what if you tried to get past such guards to a place closed to the public: Will they shout or even come after you, inform officers in charge of security, or will they just keep their position and stand still (as they are only on ceremonial duty)? For clarification, I do not mean the guardsmen in the blue dress or those in plainclothes, who actually are in charge of security!--Hildeoc (talk) 03:34, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

For one thing, the Swiss Guard are recruited from the regular army and (in addition to other requirements) have received basic training. Although they do wear quaint uniforms and display archaic weapons, depending on their duty, they are also equipped with the SIG Sauer P220 pistol and/or a "commando" version (shortened) of a SIG assault rifle. So... messing with them is not advisable. 2603:6081:1C00:1187:45A9:90E5:D977:B574 (talk) 05:53, 2 December 2021 (UTC) . . . When on 'Honor Duty', they "should not be approached".^[3] Details: Zubova, Xenia. "Welcome To The Swiss Guard - The World's Smallest Army". Forces Network.[reply]

And of course, while a halberd is an archaic weapon, it is still a weapon, and can still seriously mess you up - hence why they were invented in the first place. Iapetus (talk) 09:50, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

This is not the place for speculation, but they probably have a procedure in place similar to the Queen's Guard.--Shantavira|^{feed me} 09:19, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Key works on UFO, 'flying saucers' prior to the closure of Blue Book

Does anyone here have a list of key primary sources related to flying saucers or UFO, that were published prior to the closure of Project Blue Book in the late 1960's? (Ideally, the aim is to put this list on Wikisource, so that the original sources can be transcribed, where possible) ShakespeareFan00 (talk) 13:37, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Unidentified_flying_object#Early_history_before_the_20th_century suggests Liber de prodigiis by Julius Obsequens, and a January 25, 1878, Denison Daily News article. References there also point to sources for Nuremberg sightings and Second World War sightings. There's also a bunch of primary sources listed at the US library of congress [4]. For more 40s and 50s sources see also Extraterrestrial Encounters: UFOs, Science and the Quest for Transcendence, 1947-1972 and its bibliography. 70.67.193.176 (talk) 17:48, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

You can look at Chapter 5 of Martin Gardner's "Fads and Fallacies". Donald Keyhoe played a very prominent role in the 1950s... AnonMoos (talk) 20:02, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Ed Ruppelt's (military officer who led Blue Book) Report on the UFOs describes some of the characters who sprung up in late 40s and early 50s, like George Adamski. 46.188.171.123 (talk) 06:33, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Kumazawa Hiromichi

Is there a published genealogy of Kumazawa Hiromichi descent from Emperor Go-Daigo? Article mentions a koseki he presented but is there a detailed list of names tracing him back? KAVEBEAR (talk) 23:43, 2 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

December 3

What did rooms look like in 1910s Greece?

I have been struggling for a few hours now to find photos of Greek interiors from the 1910s, but I haven’t found much and I’m probably just going to give up now. I didn’t think that it would be too much to ask for a photo that somebody took inside of a rural home a century ago, but I should have known better. —(((Romanophile))) ♞ (contributions) 17:28, 3 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

This book covers the architecture of Greece during the time period. It may be a good lead for you. --Jayron 32 18:32, 3 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

An interesting question. These are some photos I found on Commons:

“Kleisoura, Kastoria inside mansion, 1911”
“La chambre du Capitaine Mandakas”, Platanias, 1919
Naxos, 1919
Kardiani, Tinos, 1919
Monastery, Santorin, 1919
“Le khani de Haghia-Varvara”, Gortyna, 1919

Cheers ❖_hugarheimur 19:21, 3 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Finding a few rural by Frédéric Boissonnas from here: (Andritsena house, 1903, Interior of a Cretan house, 1911, Interior of a house in Lakki, Crete 1911) led me to here, with a large collection, which may or may not be MOMus–Thessaloniki Museum of Photography. fiveby(zero) 22:04, 3 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

The Screaming Skull of Bettiscombe Manor

Is the screaming skull still at Bettiscombe Manor? Thanks, DuncanHill (talk) 00:44, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Apparently, the Manor was sold in 2016 for £3,300,000 and is now on the market again at an asking price of £4,010,000. You might be able to find the answer from one of the agents involved in the sale. Or if you happen to have in excess of 3¹/₂ million quid spare . . . . {The poster formerly known as 87.81.230.195} 90.208.90.66 (talk) 08:34, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

According to this article the original skull has been swapped for another, hopefully a more passive one, which suggests the original was eventually repatriated.--Shantavira|^{feed me} 09:13, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Unless the legend (of it being the skull of a male Jamaican ex-slave) was never true in the first place, and perhaps even invented to explain the presence of the skull (of a European woman) that was (at least until recently) there. {The poster formerly known as 7.81.230.195} 90.208.90.66 (talk) 17:35, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Quite so, the article does not say it was swapped. And also, the first response is mistake, that's a valuation site, not a for sale. So we've so far established nothing. DuncanHill (talk) 17:40, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Sultan & emir

Hi refdesk, I'd like to get a third opinion. I read the Dervish proclamation of independence letter dated 3rd of May 1899 received by James Hayes Sadler as describing the Dervishes as an emirate and a Dhulbahante sultanate.

This letter is sent by all the Dervishes, the Amir, and all the Dolbahanta to the Ruler of Berbera ... We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects. (viewable source)

The reply letter, 6 pages prior dated 4th May might be relevant. Is my reading of the proclamation letter correct? Heesxiisolehh (talk) 01:02, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Heracles and Troy

Given the understandable eagerness of Heinrich Schliemann(and others) to match up discoveries at Hisarlik with Greek myths, I wonder if he(or others) made attempts to identify a layer of the excavation corresponding to a generation or so before that was identified with the Trojan War. Since Schliemann probably identified the wrong layer as the Troy of the myth, and those later archeologists who do think the Trojan War was historical mainly think Level VIIa is the one, have they tried to match a layer previous to VIIa or a sublayer of VIIa itself with any scanty details told of Heracles's attack on Troy?Rich (talk) 11:23, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

USA Soldiers with weapons civilians can't have...

At what point in history did the US Army issue weapons to soldiers that a US civilian who had never been in the military could not legally own? (I'm pretty sure the answer is post 1870 and pre 1940, but I'm fuzzy around world war 1.) Similarly, at what point would it have been illegal for a US civilian to own a clone of a specific newly commissioned US Navy ship? (I'm not honestly sure if this belongs here, RD/Sci or RD/Misc)Naraht (talk) 15:55, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Newfoundland - Proclamation of Dominion status

I am looking for the proclamation of Dominion Status for Newfoundland in 1907. According to our article Dominion of Newfoundland it was on 26 January 1907. Thanks, DuncanHill (talk) 17:01, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Here it is: "Proclamation, Dominion Day 26 Sep 1907; 26.09.1907; WY.1989.362". eHive. --2603:6081:1C00:1187:EDBB:F3B3:CAF4:4F4F (talk) 17:50, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

The text linked above relates to New Zealand, whose dominion status was proclaimed by King Edward VII on the same day as Newfoiundland. I can't find the Newfoundland text online, but you could ask the folks at the Centre for Newfoundland Studies. Xuxl (talk) 17:57, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

p.s. January 26 seems to be an error. Everywhere this is mentioned, the date is given as 26 September 1907. Xuxl (talk) 18:01, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

At 1907 Imperial Conference it says that "The conference decided to cease referring to self-governing British colonies as colonies and conferred upon them dominion status. Canada and Australia were referred to as dominions in the conferences statements while Newfoundland Colony and the Colony of New Zealand were granted dominion status by royal proclamation on 26 September." But while my search for the actual proclamation(s) found the one for New Zealand here, I could not find one for Newfoundland. --184.144.99.241 (talk) 23:27, 4 December 2021 (UTC)[reply]

@@ Line 186: / Line 186: @@
 ::The text linked above relates to New Zealand, whose dominion status was proclaimed by King Edward VII on the same day as Newfoiundland. I can't find the Newfoundland text online, but you could ask the folks at the [https://www.library.mun.ca/forms/nlquestion/ Centre for Newfoundland Studies]. [[User:Xuxl|Xuxl]] ([[User talk:Xuxl|talk]]) 17:57, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
 :::p.s. January 26 seems to be an error. Everywhere this is mentioned, the date is given as 26 September 1907. [[User:Xuxl|Xuxl]] ([[User talk:Xuxl|talk]]) 18:01, 4 December 2021 (UTC)
+At [[1907 Imperial Conference]] it says that "The conference decided to cease referring to self-governing British colonies as colonies and conferred upon them dominion status. Canada and Australia were referred to as dominions in the conferences statements while Newfoundland Colony and the Colony of New Zealand were granted dominion status by royal proclamation on 26 September."  But while my search for the actual proclamation(s) found [https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28058/data.pdf the one for New Zealand here], I could not find one for Newfoundland. --[[Special:Contributions/184.144.99.241|184.144.99.241]] ([[User talk:184.144.99.241|talk]]) 23:27, 4 December 2021 (UTC)