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'''Paul Martin''' (June 6, 1883 – March 19, 1932)<ref>Register of Deaths for the Village of Ossining, N.Y. Official record.<!--Unused middle name: Crowell.--> He was hospitalized from March 12–19. His home was in the hamlet of Millwood. U.S. Census of 1930. Backup source.</ref> was a [[graphic designer|graphic artist]] and [[illustrator]]. His artwork appeared on over two dozen covers of ''[[Collier's]]'' and ''[[Parents (magazine)|Parents]]'' during the 1920s. Martin designed the then world's largest ever electrical display in 1917.<ref>[https://digitalcollections.nyhistory.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A72903 "Times Square"]. [[New-York Historical Society]]. It's from William D. Hassler's (1877–1921) photograph collection. Keyword: "Wrigley's gum." Alternative pics at references 27–32.</ref> He reshaped the then famed Fisk Tire Boy in 1930.<ref>The debut year. It was publicly introduced in early Feb 1930.</ref> His [[Girl Scouts of the USA|Girl Scouts]]' poster was widely displayed at their troop meetings from 1931–37.<ref>This official poster is pictured and offered for sale, in every Girl Scout Equipment catalog from Fall 1931–Fall 1936. It would be replaced by the 25th anniversary poster, Spring 1937. Excerpt from all Spring and Fall issues 1935–36 p. 33 or 38: "Used by many troops at the group meeting place on a bulletin board."</ref> He played in [[tennis]] tournaments around the [[New York metropolitan area|Greater New York area]] from 1909–31,<ref name="straight">Sanctioned tournaments. The span includes all in-between years. It's backed up internally (within this article). He was a tennis enthusiast. It kept him from becoming overwhelmed with work, and opposingly, from reaching loftier heights as an artist.</ref> and in the [[US Open (tennis)|U.S. National Championship]] of 1920–[[1921 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles|21]], 24 (all after age 35).<ref>Men's singles was held at [[Forest Hills, Queens|Forest Hills]], 1920 & 24. It was held at the [[Germantown Cricket Club]] in Philadelphia, 1921.</ref> The Paul Martin Singles Tournament was held for over eighty years.<ref>It was hosted annually by the Westchester County Tennis League (Scarsdale, N.Y.), from 1932–2019 (except 1942–45).</ref>
'''Paul Martin''' (June 6, 1883 – March 19, 1932)<ref>Register of Deaths for the Village of Ossining, N.Y. Official record.<!--Unused middle name: Crowell.--> He was hospitalized from March 12–19. His home was in the hamlet of Millwood. U.S. Census of 1930. Backup source.</ref> was a [[graphic designer|graphic artist]] and [[illustrator]]. His artwork appeared on over two dozen covers of ''[[Collier's]]'' and ''[[Parents (magazine)|Parents]]'' during the 1920s. Martin designed the then world's largest ever electrical display in 1917.<ref>[https://digitalcollections.nyhistory.org/islandora/object/islandora%3A72903 "Times Square"]. [[New-York Historical Society]]. It's from William D. Hassler's (1877–1921) photograph collection. Keyword: "Wrigley's gum." Alternative pics at references 27–32.</ref> He reshaped the then famed Fisk Tire Boy in 1930.<ref>The debut year. It was publicly introduced in early Feb 1930.</ref> His [[Girl Scouts of the USA|Girl Scouts]]' poster was widely displayed at their troop meetings from 1931–37.<ref>This official poster is pictured and offered for sale, in every Girl Scout Equipment catalog from Fall 1931–Fall 1936. It would be replaced by the 25th anniversary poster, Spring 1937. Excerpt from all Spring and Fall issues 1935–36 p. 33 or 38: "Used by many troops at the group meeting place on a bulletin board."</ref> He played in [[tennis]] tournaments around the [[New York metropolitan area|Greater New York area]] from 1909–31<ref name="straight">Sanctioned tournaments. The span includes all in-between years. It's backed up internally (within this article). He was a tennis enthusiast. It kept him from becoming overwhelmed with work, and opposingly, from reaching loftier heights as an artist.</ref> and in the [[US Open (tennis)|U.S. National Championship]] of 1920–[[1921 U.S. National Championships – Men's Singles|21]], 24 (all after age 35).<ref>Men's singles was held at [[Forest Hills, Queens|Forest Hills]], 1920 & 24. It was held at the [[Germantown Cricket Club]] in Philadelphia, 1921.</ref> The Paul Martin Singles Tournament was held for over eighty years.<ref>It was hosted annually by the Westchester County Tennis League (Scarsdale, N.Y.), from 1932–2019 (except 1942–45).</ref>


==Background==
==Background==

Revision as of 12:08, 29 December 2021

Paul Martin
photo taken between 1911 & 1913
Born(1883-06-06)June 6, 1883
New York City, New York
DiedMarch 19, 1932(1932-03-19) (aged 48)
Ossining, New York
EducationNational Academy of Design
OccupationArt Manager • Illustrator
SpouseLauretta Willey (1880–1972)

Paul Martin (June 6, 1883 – March 19, 1932)[1] was a graphic artist and illustrator. His artwork appeared on over two dozen covers of Collier's and Parents during the 1920s. Martin designed the then world's largest ever electrical display in 1917.[2] He reshaped the then famed Fisk Tire Boy in 1930.[3] His Girl Scouts' poster was widely displayed at their troop meetings from 1931–37.[4] He played in tennis tournaments around the Greater New York area from 1909–31[5] and in the U.S. National Championship of 1920–21, 24 (all after age 35).[6] The Paul Martin Singles Tournament was held for over eighty years.[7]

Background

The golden age of illustration began in the 1880s.[8] Major advancements in printing techniques were then taking place. This included breakthroughs in the halftone process. It made the printing of images for commercial usage more economical, feasible, and realistic. The reproduction of art from wood engravings (time consuming and strenuous), was largely replaced with photo-mechanical engravings (higher accuracy level).[9] These and other methods were utilized by artist, writer, teacher, innovator—Howard Pyle—who is generally regarded as "The Father of American Illustration."[10] Others who gained fame in this field included Howard Chandler Christy, Harrison Fisher, James Montgomery Flagg, Charles Dana Gibson, John Held Jr., J. C. Leyendecker, Maxfield Parrish, Coles Phillips, Frederic Remington, Norman Rockwell, Jessie Willcox Smith and N. C. Wyeth.

However, the vast majority of book and magazine illustrators received little recognition, compared to the fine artists. This was due to their artwork being viewed as commercially (not creativity) inspired.[11] Nonetheless, these unheralded illustrators played an important role, in communicating (and documenting) the people's aspirations, concerns, customs, humor, labor, morals and social interests.[12] One of them was Paul Martin, whose work appeared on the covers of Collier's, Everybody's, Farm & Fireside, The Farmer's Wife, Liberty, Parents and People's Home Journal from 1923–31. These seven magazines were once ranked among the most widely circulated. They all went out of business long ago, except for Parents. Their eventual downfall was caused by the changing times (or taste), emergence of radio and television (more attractive mediums for advertisers), and economics (increased cost / decreased revenue). The more specialized ones that targeted specific audiences, tended to fare better. Another point is that major advancements in photographic equipment and technology took place during the 1930s. This brought about the gradual changeover (25 plus year process) from illustrated to photographic covers.[12] The former lingered on because of its innovative and enchanting qualities, until finally succumbing to Photoshop and other graphic software programs.

Collier's

General-interest magazines (mixture of entertainment, pictures, politics, serials, short stories and sports) were once very popular and appealed to diverse audiences. One of them was the historically significant Collier's, which had a revival under new editor William L. Chenery in 1925.[13][14] Martin drew many of its covers during the mid-Roaring Twenties, including seven in 1925 (twenty 1923–27). Two of them were for Christmas issues (1924 & 26). Some artists created a niche and then stuck with it, such as in drawing comical situations, domestic follies, political satire, pretty women or simple pleasures.[15] His recurring theme was of a youthful boy engaged in various lighthearted activities or situations. This included the following:[16] catching a baseball, loading up on desserts (pictured below), playing the flute,[17] decked out in a straw hat, shooting marbles, shoveling snow, carrying books on head, riding a sled, winding up a spinning top, eating turkey, bobbing for apples, playing football (pictured), happily swimming, getting a shaved haircut, saying grace, working as a messenger, daydreaming about fishing[18] and going down a water slide.[19] He seldom veered from this subject matter. The most striking departure was for a self-portrait cover. He portrayed himself as a well-dressed, vocal spectator at the horse races.[20]

(Calling the play) Collier's, 1924-10-25

His drawing style was simple yet bold. It captured the brightness, carefreeness, and innocence of youth. There was a nostalgic element to them. They resonated with the populace, who had just lived through a catastrophic world war and influenza pandemic. Martin excluded the non-essential details (extra people, scenery, structures, trees, etc.), which allowed viewers to make an instant connection. His paintings were often easy to recognize, since their theme and style remained fairly consistent. They sometimes gave the illusion of three-dimensional depth. This was through the use of various techniques, such as color intensity variation, linear perspective and overlapping. His cover art practically always had a holiday/seasonal theme or portrayed the magazine's overall image.[21] This was common practice back then. It only once corresponded to an inside article.[20]

Martin's first step was coming up with ideas and turn them into conceptual sketches. These rough drafts were submitted to art editors, for their review and consideration for publication.[22] He continued working on the ones approved, which came back with or without a modification request. (The rejects were sometimes submitted elsewhere.) He then hired boys for photo sessions, most of whom lived locally.[23] The film was processed and developed. His drawings were made from the photos, and not real life (which required long sittings). This gave him more options and flexibility. The preliminaries and final version were based on multiple images captured during the shoot (along with some improvising).[24][25] It was also a more practical process, due to active/impatient children being involved. He would interact with them from behind the camera, until getting the desired natural or candid expression. His wife assisted by preparing the models for their scene. Collier's couldn't keep up with the rapidly changing times following World War II, and ceased publication in December 1956.[13] The main culprit was television, which dramatically affected its advertising and circulation revenue. Collier's top competitors (Life, Look and Post) adapted somewhat better to the changing times, which helped them hold out longer.

Graphic artist

H-O Oats, outdoor advertising sign, 1931
Gerlach Barklow print, "Singin' in the Rain," 1931
3-photos of a model posing for this painting. Foreign Service, 1932

Martin designed "Wrigley Gum's" light bulb spectacular, which showcased six acrobatic "spearmen" on a Broadway billboard in 1917.[26] It was then the world's largest ever electrical display at 200 by 50 feet.[27] It covered an entire city block in Times Square, between 43rd and 44th Sts.[28][29][30][31] This panoramic light show was a major tourist attraction for seven years.[32][33] The Wrigley name was synonymous with bigtime advertising.[34] He drew a poster titled "Serve Your Country," for the War Camp Community Service in 1918. It showed a fashionable young woman serving in tennis (play on words).[35] Women were encouraged to entertain off-duty soldiers, by participating in various social events (dancing, dining, etc.).[36] A silkscreen version of this poster (pictured below), has been periodically on display at the International Tennis Hall of Fame Museum in Newport, Rhode Island.[37]

He sketched five different scenes of snow activities, for the passenger/freight carrier New York, Ontario and Western Railway in 1921–22.[38] They described Sullivan County (Catskill section), as a lively and refreshing vacation spot. He designed greeting cards for the printing house, William Edwin Rudge, Inc. in 1921.[39] Martin drew a cheerful boy eating baked beans for Heinz 57 in 1927.[40] Also, two posters for the American Junior Red Cross. The first was titled "The Flag of Service the World Around," 1929. It showed children in international costumes behind a globe, with one holding up a large Red Cross flag.[41] The second was titled "Juniors Helping Everywhere," 1930. It showed twenty miniature scenes of children worldwide, in their various supportive roles.[42] Martin designed three billboards for the Hecker H-O (Hornby's Oatmeal) Company of Buffalo, New York in 1931. One showed a confident young football player being patched up, who had oats for breakfast (pictured).[43] The other two emphasized its healthiness[44] and goodness.[45] These advertisements appeared on poster panels, to attract passing motorists and pedestrians. They also had short runs in food markets; on their walls, store windows or hanging from overhead wires.[46]

Martin painted three color advertisements for General Electric's all-steel "Monitor Top" refrigerator in 1930. The first and most elaborate featured two boys running a lemonade stand. Their mother looks on with approval, through the open kitchen window.[47][48] It appeared as a full-page ad in many different magazines around the same time.[49] An excerpt from Printers' Ink in 1930: " 'Electric Lemonaide, 5 cents per glass,' reads the sign of the youthful shopkeepers. ... [They] are soliciting trade in a strenuous manner, as a friendly dog enters into the spirit of the event with challenging barks. ... [I]t is a picture filled with action and story-telling strength. But because the advertised product has been worked in so adroitly, the illustration seems doubly effective and relevant."[50] His other "Monitor Top" credits were of a girl (with doll) playing with building blocks,[51] and two dressed-up girls listening to an enthusiastic sales boy.[52][24] It was proclaimed as the first reliable and affordable model for residential use (though at a hefty price).

He painted a contest-winning poster for the Girl Scouts in 1931. It was titled "Usefulness • Beauty • Health • Truth • Knowledge."[53][54][55] This contest was conducted by the Art Alliance of America,[56] an organization that brought together craft workers and manufacturers. There were two hundred plus submissions.[57] The six-judge panel consisted of W. T. Benda (who replaced Charles Dana Gibson),[58] Ray Greenleaf, Rockwell Kent, John La Gatta, Neysa McMein and Edward A. Wilson.[59] Martin's model for the poster was Barbara Smith, a 14-year-old from Darien, Connecticut[59] (who previously lived in Yonkers, N.Y.).[60] Her parents and Martin were lifelong friends. He even served as best man at their wedding back in 1904.[61] His winning entry earned him a $300 first place check, from the Girl Scouts' National Director Josephine Schain (pictured far below). This exchange took place at their then national headquarters on Lexington Avenue in Manhattan. It also occurred right after Schain presented the second and third place winners, with their monetary prize.[62] The top three finishers then posed together, next to their entries (pictured far below).[63] National President Birdsall Otis Edey was one of three consultants, along with executives Anne Hyde Choate and Genevieve Garvan Brady.[58] This poster faithfully and strikingly captured the spirit of their character-building movement.[59] It was commonly displayed on bulletin boards, stands or windows in the meeting rooms of troops, and on the bedroom walls of their members from 1931–37.[55][64][65] It later appeared with three raised fingers instead of a salute,[66] on the catalog cover of Girl Scout Equipment for Fall 1932 and Spring 1933. Martin said at the award ceremony: "Barbara seems [to be] the personification of all that Girl Scouting means. She is the very spirit of radiant, happy and wholesome young girlhood, and my mind naturally turned to her immediately when I learned of the competition."[67]

His drawings also ended up on Gerlach Barklow calendars, ink blotter cards and prints for business advertising, such as one titled "Singin' in the Rain" from 1931. It showed a boy sheltering several pups from the rain with an umbrella, while squatting down (pictured).[68] Another showed a boy reading about scientific theories with some difficulty.[69] Martin's paintings often included a cute and friendly pup (or more!). He drew covers for such trade publications as Advertising & Selling,[70][26] Good Hardware,[71] Progressive Grocer (voice of the industry for food retailers)[72] and Silent Hostess (recipes and tips for homemakers)[73] between 1920 & 1931. Coincidentally, the helmet-wearing kid for H-O Oats (pictured), later served as Progressive Grocer's associate editor from 1956–62.[74] Martin's third and fourth covers were for this food-oriented magazine.[75] His work appeared in many different types of print media.[76]

Another credit is mentioned in a publication by the Veterans of Foreign Wars in 1932. As follows: "The cover design on this issue of Foreign Service (pictured)[25] is a two-color reproduction of the official 1932 Buddy Poppy poster.[77] (It was so named because former soldiers would use that word, in describing their comrades who perished in WWI.) The original was painted in oil by the late Paul Martin, noted New York poster artist, who died suddenly on March 19th following a serious operation. The poster has been pronounced as one of the most striking and appropriate designs ever used, to depict the symbolism of the Buddy Poppy. (A bright red artificial flower, which was worn in honor of the fallen Allied soldiers.) It was completed shortly before the artist's death and is believed to have been his last important assignment [vague].[78][79] Those familiar with Paul Martin's career as an artist, declare the 1932 Buddy Poppy poster to be one of his best creations."[80][81]

Fisk Tire Boy

Martin's Most Notable Artwork, 1930. Artist signed.
Jigsaw Puzzle - Design No. One, 1933. Artist signed.
Envelope postmarked 1932. Artist signed.

The Fisk Rubber Company was producing automobile, bicycle and carriage tires by 1901.[82][83] Its factory was located along the riverfront in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts. The plant pumped out 230,000 tires in August 1921.[84] Fisk struggled financially during most of the 1930s.[85] They were bought out by U.S. Rubber—a.k.a. U.S. Royal (1940).[86] Its worldwide divisions (variously named) were given a unifying name in Uniroyal (1966).[87] They merged with Goodrich and became Uniroyal Goodrich (1986). Its tire division was sold to Michelin (1990).[88] Fisk Tires were sold exclusively by Kmart (1965–78)[89] and Discount Tire (1996–2014).[90]

Martin completely reshaped a then famous character in American advertising. It was the Fisk Rubber Company's "bedtime boy," who shouldered an oversized tire while dangling a lighted candle.[91][92] It came with the motoring message, "Time to Re-tire" (debut 1910).[93][94][95] This catchphrase had a simple double meaning. The boy's yawn became a smile in early 1929 (initial change).[96][97] Martin was then commissioned to come up with a slightly more aged, modern-day figure in late 1929.[98][99] The objective was to update the heavily publicized trademark, while still maintaining its charm and familiarity. The little lad's one-piece sleeper became a two-piece pajama set, during the transition process. Also added for style were the slippers. His four-year-old nephew was used as the model (neck down only).[23][100] Still, the pose and all-important props remained basically intact (though with the latest tire design and a more fashionable—less tilted—candle holder). Many newspapers ran a story, which highly praised the new look, May–June 1930. It described the youngster as more boyish, energetic, fit, and modern ("in keeping with the times").[101] The initial review was made by the publicity manager at Fisk, March 1930:

"a happy, smiling, 100-percent American boy in his little two-piece pajama, radiating good cheer, ruddy-cheeked and tousle-headed, snappy and wide awake, standing in the old-time pose."[102][103]

The now updated version was first used by Fisk Tires, to showcase its newly introduced "Air-Flights" in advertisements. This included twelve times in The Saturday Evening Post, between Feb 8 and Aug 23, 1930 (latter pictured).[104][105] It was offered to the public as a "suitable for framing," 11x14 colorful art print.[106] The cheerful mascot then appeared on many different products. These were either with or without a facial touch-up (three variants pictured).[107] For instance, on the front cover and endpapers of children's books in 1931. Subjects (8): Candy Land, Jack and the Bean Stalk, Little Black Sambo, Peter Rabbit, Pied Piper, Three Bears, Three Little Kittens and Three Little Pigs.[108] They were all subtitled, Time to Re-tire / A Bedtime Story. It also appeared on ashtrays,[109] bridge score pads,[110] cigarette cases,[111] electrical clocks,[112] jigsaw puzzles (No. 1 pictured),[113][114] matchbooks,[115] posters[116] and rubber heel replacements for shoes.[117] These were complimentary items for customers or potential customers.[118][119] Martin's figure was used by Fisk retailers on their data books,[120] display windows,[121] letterheads, and mailing envelopes (pictured).[122] A scaled-down form showed up in Boys' Life and other magazines,[123] (along with hundreds of newspapers)[124] from 1930–34. Fisk Tires then went back to the original sleepy boy in 1935.[125] The all-important public preferred that one, even though other companies had successfully modernized their own mascot (some multiple times).[126] Incidentally, Norman Rockwell drew many paintings featuring the trade character, which were published in 1917–20, 24–25.[127]

Timetable.[102] Three stages of the pajama-clad boy (based on its appearance in print or on advertising material): a. 1910–28, 35–onward[93][94][95][128] (created by Burr Giffin, an agency art director). b. 1929–30 (yawn changed into a smile—anonymous). c. 1930–34 (modern makeover by Paul Martin).[99][129] His credits include all of (and only) the version with the two-piece pajamas. Its grand debut was in The Saturday Evening Post issue of February 8, 1930. Note: There were also minor touch ups made in various years.

He received the important commission (paragraph 2), due to having built up a repertoire for drawing boys.[130] It was then common practice among artists, to create their own niche.[15] The subjects of boys, dogs and pretty women were all popular themes in that era.[131]

Life and tennis

He was born to Hannah A. (née Morrow) and Robert C. Martin (a brick merchant) in New York City on June 6, 1883.[132][133] He was the second youngest of nine children. Three of them did not reach adulthood.[134] The family home was on Manhattan's 31st St., between 8th and 9th Aves. throughout the 1880s.[135] The Martin clan moved way up to Central Harlem on Edgecombe Ave. in 1890.[136] Young Paul lost two sisters between 1891 & 1893.[137] The family relocated within Central Harlem, to 129th and 5th in 1898.[138][139] They belonged to the Twenty-fourth Street M. E. Church (till 1890)[140][141] and Calvary M. E. Church (till 1908).[142] His father was the superintendent of their Sunday schools.[143][144] Martin immensely enjoyed drawing as a boy (future vocation).[54] His first regular job was as a brokerage clerk at age 16.[145] He studied commercial art at the National Academy of Design from 1902–06.[146][147][148] His first career job was with the New-York Tribune, as their art manager from 1905–12.[26][149] He succeeded the innovative Stephen H. Horgan.[150] Martin, who continued to live at home, moved with family from Upper Manhattan to Maplewood, New Jersey, 1908.[151][152][153] Their new church was located just two blocks away.[154] They lived near a train station, which allowed them to commute into Manhattan. He joined a tennis club and started competing in sanctioned tournaments, 1909.[155][156] His first two tourneys were on the courts of Nyack, and shortly thereafter Morristown.[157] He broke in with Ralph, an older brother.[158]

Martin married Lauretta Willey in Hoboken, New Jersey, 1912.[159] They originally met many years earlier at Calvary Methodist.[160] Lauretta's sister Emma was a schoolteacher, and brother Walter an accountant (who later owned the Willey Book Co.).[161] Their first home together was in the University Heights section of the Bronx, 1912.[162] They relocated one block east to another rental, 1915.[163][164] He worked for the O. J. Gude Company from 1912–19.[165][166] It was the innovative industry leader in outdoor advertising.[167] His Gude office was first located at 935 Broadway, 1912–13[168] ... and then secondly at 220 West 42nd (Candler Bldg. in Times Square), 1913–19. He worked for another advertising firm, Gotham Studios from 1919–20.[169][170] Its headquarters moved from 1133 Broadway (St. James Bldg.) to East 24th St., near 4th (now Park) Ave. on January 1, 1920.[171] Martin joined the Artists' Guild[54] and went freelance in January 1921.[172] This allowed him to work independently; with flexible hours, creative control, and opposingly, income uncertainties.

Paul and Lauretta moved from the Bronx to a rural forest area of Millwood, New York, August 1925.[173] Their first owned home doubled as a working studio (upper floor) from 1925–32.[23][174] Its centerpiece was a long flat-top table that held the canvases, drawing pads, paint brushes and tubes. Also nearby were art books, easels, photo shoot props, and an adjacent darkroom. Natural northern light came in through the large window.[175][176] He was artistically inspired by the secluded and wooded surroundings. He occasionally used family members as models. Uncle Paul's niece Edna is shown, writing down the license number of a boy's wagon (for knocking over her doll carriage),[23][100] on the Liberty cover of September 12, 1925. She's also highlighted on an American Junior Red Cross poster.[23][42] His mother-in-law is shown basting a turkey for Thanksgiving,[23] on the People's Home Journal cover of November 1928.[177]

Paul Martin Memorial Trophy

He was ranked among the top thirty tennis players, in the New York metropolitan area from 1920–25 (top twenty 1923–24).[178][179][180] His strength was in making accurate shots.[181] Martin won numerous trophies (or awards) in singles, doubles and mixed doubles (with Lauretta) between 1919 & 1931.[182][183][184] This included one for capturing the inaugural singles championship, at the Sunningdale Country Club in 1920.[185][186] Others were for the Lake George[187] and Lake Mohonk[188] championships of 1924. Martin's opponents included future Hall of Famers Fred Alexander,[189] Jean Borotra,[190] Francis Hunter,[191] Gerald Patterson,[192] Vincent Richards,[193] Bill Tilden,[194] John Van Ryn,[195] Marie Wagner[196] & Watson Washburn.[197][198] Other standouts were Craig Biddle,[199] Herbert Bowman,[200][201] Wylie Grant,[202] Walter Merrill Hall,[203] Robert Kinsey,[204] Percy Kynaston,[205] Nathaniel Niles,[206] Dr. William Rosenbaum,[207] Howard Voshell[208] & Charles Wood.[209] A doubles partner and longtime clubmate was newspaper columnist Franklin P. Adams, who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon."[210][211] A teammate was the reigning national boy champion, 14-year-old Vincent Richards.[212]

Martin competed with Bill Tilden in over a dozen tournaments,[213] along with the U.S. National Championship of 1920, 21 & 24.[214][215] The latter was played at newly built Forest Hills Stadium and on its outlying courts, Aug 25–Sep 2, 1924. His opening round opponent was Gerald Patterson of Australia, who captured two Wimbledon titles. 41-year-old Martin won a set, though lost the match 4-6, 4-6, 9-7, 0-6.[192][216] (There was a two-day rain delay after the third set.)[217] He also competed in four straight National Veterans' Championships (ages 45+), at Forest Hills from 1928–31.[218] Martin was a standout singles and doubles player, for both the University Heights (Bronx, N.Y.)[210] and County (Scarsdale, N.Y.)[219] Tennis Clubs. He was caught up in the fallout of a USLTA ruling, 1924. It prohibited players from writing for profit after a certain date. The distinction between amateurism and professionalism was hotly contested/debated from Feb–Dec 1924 (compacted summary[220]). He often acted as the women's referee.[221] He organized tournaments for youngsters, as a committee member of the Briarcliff Lodge Sports Club.[222] The Westchester County Tennis League is the oldest continuously running of its kind, in the United States (est. 1924). They held the annual Paul Martin Singles Tournament, for over eighty years.[223][224][225] It was started up by veteran player Fenimore Cady of Mount Pleasant, N.Y.[226] The winners' names were engraved along the base, of one of Martin's prized cups (pictured).[227][228] His memory was also honored by a short-lived club tourney.[229]

He died of ulcers at age 48. This was one week after an operation at Ossining Hospital in March 1932.[230] The funeral service was held at Highland (now Ossining United) Methodist Church.[231] Survivors included three brothers and one sister.[232] His wife Lauretta "Lolly" (1880–1972), outlived him by forty years.[233] They both played in the singles draw of the US Open,[234] and were mixed doubles regulars.[235][236][237] She donated the tournament trophy named after her husband.[228] His wartime painting ("Serve Your Country") was once prominently displayed, in the main room of the International Tennis Hall of Fame Museum.[238] Its gift shop periodically offered a coffee mug[239] and postcard version (pictured). He was known for his athletic ability, active participation, friendliness and sportsmanship.[240] An excerpt from the Bronxville Press in August 1932: "His presence was always felt by topnotchers, as well as by those who could play only an average game. Paul Martin was a synonym for all that was clean and wholesome in the game."[241]

Total finals and more

(Serving in style) WWI poster, 1918

This list only includes open or invitational tournaments, which were sanctioned by the United States Lawn Tennis Association. Their results largely determined the player rankings, and who qualified for the Nationals. These semi-majors are categorized by the event's host.[242] Total finals (30). Documented breakdown follows. Wins (11). SINGLES: 1920–Sunningdale CC (Scarsdale, N.Y.).[243] 1924–Lake George & Lake Mohonk Tennis Clubs (Warren & Ulster Counties).[244][245] CONSOLATION SINGLES: 1915–Merriewold TC (Sullivan Co.).[246][247] DOUBLES: 1922–New York Athletic Club.[248] 1924–Lake George & Lake Mohonk. 1925–Lake George TC & West Side TC (for veterans).[249] 1931–Lake George. MIXED DOUBLES: 1920–New York TC (for married couples).[250] Runners-up (19). SINGLES: 1919–Woodmere Club (L.I., N.Y.).[251] 1922–Essex County (N.J.) CC[252] & Powelton Club (Newburgh, N.Y.).[253] 1923–Amackassin Club (Yonkers)[254] & Harlem (Manhattan) TC.[255] 1924–Oritani Field Club (Hackensack, N.J.)[256] & Stamford (Conn.) Yacht Club.[257] 1925–Lake George & Lake Mohonk. 1930–Lake George. DOUBLES: 1921–Greenwich (Conn.) CC[258] & Milford (Pa.) Field Club. 1925–Lake Mohonk. 1926–South Yonkers TC[259][260] (finalists pictured below). 1930–Lake George. 1931–Lake Mohonk.[245] MIXED DOUBLES: 1921–Milford (Pa.).[261] 1925–Lake George (with Lauretta). 1930–Lake George (with Lauretta).[244] Misc. These are the ones known. For instance, results in mixed doubles were not always recorded. Hence, the one stated at Milford, could easily have been lost to history. He also won many tournaments, which were open only to members of the County Tennis Club in Hartsdale.[262] The Martins sometimes played the circuit while on vacation.[263]

US Open singles
1920 (1R)
1921 (2R)
1924 (2R)

Grand Slams (majors). This list is based solely on appearances. He lasted until the stated rounds. National singles (3): 1920-1R. 1921-2R. 1924-2R.[214] [Lauretta: 1921-1R.][234] National veterans' singles—for ages 45+ (4): 1928-4R. 1929-4R. 1930-3R. 1931-3R.[218] It was renamed the US Open in 1968.

University Heights TC. A longtime committee and playing member, who lived in the immediate area. He competed in their annual North Side tournaments from 1913–29 (except 1914, 26). These open events typically drew a large entry. Martin reached the semifinals (SF) in 1913, 24 & 28. Singles (13): 1915-5R. 1916-3R. 1917-2R. 1918-4R. 1919-5R. 1920-3R. 1922-3R. 1923-4R. 1924-SF. 1925-3R. 1927-3R. 1928-SF. 1929-2R.[264] Doubles (6): 1913-SF. 1915-3R. 1916-3R. 1919-1R. 1920-3R. 1921-1R. 1922-discontinued.[265] Mixed Doubles: 1923-1R.[266]

Memberships. These spans were compiled from newspaper and periodical accounts. Maplewood (N.J.) FC 1909–12.[155] University Heights (Bronx) TC 1913–26.[267][268] County (Hartsdale) TC 1926–32.[269] He played on the circuit for 23 straight years 1909–31.[5] His twelve-year-older brother, Ralph of Mid-Lower Manhattan & then East Orange (N.J.), joined him on the circuit, 1909, 11, 21 & 22.[270]

Featured Match. Eastern New York State Championship of 1925. A firsthand account by New York Times sportswriter, Allison Danzig. Excerpts: "This afternoon [Bill] Tilden and Strachan advanced from the semi-finals of the doubles, by putting out Alfred D. Hammett and Paul Martin at 6-4, 5-7, 6-1, 6-3. ... It required some of the best tennis that Tilden has played here all week, before the Philadelphians were able to overcome the New York pair. Hammett and Martin were always contenders, except in the third set when they slumped badly; and in order to hold them off, Tilden constantly found it necessary to invade his partner's territory and play the opposing pair single-handed. ... There was nothing to choose between the two teams in the first and second sets. In the third set, Hammett and Martin went to pieces as Tilden became rampant and raked their court with placement drives and volleys. After the Philadelphians had gained a commanding lead [in that one], the New York pair allowed the set to go without making much effort, preferring to save their strength for the next chapter. But after the rest period, Tilden returned to the courts to play perhaps his best tennis of the match. Both Martin and Hammett fought with everything they had and their team work was splendidly coordinated, but all counted for nought against the individual brilliance of Tilden [then ranked World No. 1]."[194][271]

Magazine cover illustrator

Most of them are artist signed. The rest are imprinted with the words "Cover by Paul Martin." His signature remained fairly consistent; with a curvature P & M, upward slanted t-bar, and underline mark. Also with the placement of given name above surname.

(Runner slides home) PHJ, 1928
"Business Men's Lunch": cream pie, chocolate cake, rice pudding and an ice cream sundae. Collier's, 1924-02-02

His artwork featured on Foreign Service was initially sold to Parents in 1930. It went unused and so was dealt to American Lithographic. They then sold it to the Veterans of Foreign Wars for their publication, in early 1932.[272] Martin's artwork featured on Die Hausfrau (published in Wisconsin) of a boy with five pups, was initially used by the Gerlach Barklow Calendar Company (pictured above). Farm & Fireside's name changed to Country Home, with the issue of Feb 1930.

Parents' 25th anniversary issue came out in October 1951. Its unique cover featured twenty-five of their former covers, reproduced in miniature form (one for each year from 1926–50). Three of Martin's made it onto this silver jubilee edition. Their issued dates were Oct 1928, Aug 1929 and Oct 1930. He therefore, in a way, won their coveted "Cover of the Year" award for 1928, 29 & 30.

The following list contains thirty-seven known credits, including three from September 1925. They are all from consumer (not trade) magazines. The latter are recorded under "Graphic artist" (paragraph 5).

● The American Girl (1917–1979): Oct 1931.[273]
● Collier's (1888–Jan 1957): 1923-05-26,[274] 1924-02-02 (pictured right), 1924-06-28,[17] 1924-10-25 (pictured above), 1924-11-22, 1924-12-27, 1925-05-02, 1925-05-30, 1925-06-27 (self-portrait),[20] 1925-07-04, 1925-07-25, 1925-09-19,[18] 1925-10-31,[275] 1926-01-16, 1926-02-13, 1926-05-22, 1926-12-25, 1927-02-26, 1927-08-13, 1927-08-27.[19]
● Everybody's (1899–1929): Sep 1925.[276]
● Farm & Fireside / Country Home (1878–1939): Nov 1923, Aug 1930.
● The Farmer's Wife (1897–1970): Jan 1931.[277]
● Foreign Service (1914–To Date): May 1932.[278]
● Die Hausfrau (1904–To Date): Apr 1936.[279]
● Liberty (1924–1950): Sep 12, 1925.[280]
● Parents (Oct 1926–To Date): Oct 1928,[281] Feb 1929, May 1929,[282] Aug 1929, Oct 1929, Feb 1930, Oct 1930.[283]
● People's Home Journal (1885–1929): May 1928 (pictured), Nov 1928.[177]

Book illustrator

The Baseball Detective, 1928

The artistic aim was to clarify, complement, and accurately interpret the text. His contributions to short stories include the following: ● Saturday Evening Post. "Short Turns and Encores" by Dorothy Parker and others, July 29, 1922 p. 16.[284] ● Collier's. "The Blanket" by Floyd Dell, October 16, 1926 p. 18.[285] ● Collier's. "The Unfairway" by Burford Lorimer (son of George Horace Lorimer), December 25, 1926 pp. 22–23.[286] ● Scribner's Magazine. "Tragedy" by Eve Bernstein, April 1928 p. 479.[287] ● Scribner's Magazine. "On the Dark Trail" by Franklin Holt (pen name), July 1928 p. 71.[288]

The first six listed below, are fictional or semi-fictional books for children. It includes a collaboration with Howard R. Garis. This genre often required a more animated, imaginative and whimsical drawing style (yet still in sync with the story).

● Philus, the Stable Boy of Bethlehem; and Other Children's Story-Sermons for Christmas .... Edmund J. Cleveland, with foreword by the Rt. Rev. Charles L. Slattery, Sep 1927. (Credits: dust jacket, frontispiece and facing pp. 52, 66, 124.)[289] It contains eleven short stories covering the church year. The opener is about a stable boy, who was present at the Nativity. These are pseudo-narratives with a moral message.
● Puck Chasers, Incorporated. Charles G. Muller, Sep 1927. (Credits: dust jacket, frontispiece and inside pages.)[290] Students establish and popularize a new team sport by overcoming obstacles. This is one of the earliest books with an ice hockey theme. Its predecessors tended to be on a combination of winter sports, instead of solely on ice hockey.
● Araminta. Helen Cady Forbes, Nov 1927. (Credits: dust jacket, frontispiece and facing pp. 134, 212.)[291] Araminta turns eleven years old and finds a baby who was kidnapped.
● The Prince and the Pig's Gate, and Other Sermons in Story. Robert Hugh Morris, May 1928. (Credits: dust jacket, frontispiece and facing pp. 48, 134, 166.)[292] Intro: "Unsophisticated tales for children of all ages–up to 99."
● The Baseball Detective. Charles G. Muller, Aug 1928. (Credits: dust jacket, frontispiece and facing pp. 22, 132, 250-pictured.)[293] A story of baseball, competition, friendship and mystery at Fisk School for Boys.
● Chad of Knob Hill: The Tale of a Lone Scout. Howard R. Garis, Sep 1929. Republished in 2013. (Credits: dust jacket, frontispiece and pp. 14, 60, 85, 97, 163, 187, 213, 281.)[294] This book has a Boy Scouting theme. A marching troop crosses the path of an overworked farmhand, who promptly decides to take their oath. Garis created stories about Uncle Wiggily; a rheumatism afflicted, gentlemanly rabbit.
● Stories of To-day and Yesterday .... Frederick Houk Law, editor, Feb 1930. (Frontispiece only.)[295] An instructional guide for older students; on how to read, write and appreciate short stories. It includes questions and topics for classroom discussion.
● The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls. Clara Whitehill Hunt, lead editor, 1930-31 and 1931-32 editions. (Dust jackets only.)[296] The best books for children are carefully selected. An authoritative guide for parents, in catalog format with descriptive notes.

Photos of Paul

  • (Second from right). South Yonkers' doubles finalists. The tournament chairman is in the middle, 1926.
    (Second from right). South Yonkers' doubles finalists. The tournament chairman is in the middle, 1926.
  • (Center). Prize-winning trio, each with their poster. Girl Scouts' national headquarters in NYC, Feb 11, 1931.
    (Center). Prize-winning trio, each with their poster. Girl Scouts' national headquarters in NYC, Feb 11, 1931.
  • Receiving a winner's check from Schain, 1931. The poster (insert) was in vogue till 1937.
    Receiving a winner's check from Schain, 1931. The poster (insert) was in vogue till 1937.
  • (Seventh from top left). Photo taken during a Lake Mohonk tourney. He would win in singles and doubles. Lauretta is seated second from lower left, 1924.
    (Seventh from top left). Photo taken during a Lake Mohonk tourney. He would win in singles and doubles. Lauretta is seated second from lower left, 1924.
  • Posing with racket. Playing tennis while on vacation.
    Posing with racket. Playing tennis while on vacation.

References and notes

Continuity Guidelines: Notes follow the sources. They are directly related or give additional details. This pattern can be confusing when the same source is cited more than once. Keywords are sometimes placed in parentheses, right after the corresponding page number.

  1. ^ Register of Deaths for the Village of Ossining, N.Y. Official record. He was hospitalized from March 12–19. His home was in the hamlet of Millwood. U.S. Census of 1930. Backup source.
  2. ^ "Times Square". New-York Historical Society. It's from William D. Hassler's (1877–1921) photograph collection. Keyword: "Wrigley's gum." Alternative pics at references 27–32.
  3. ^ The debut year. It was publicly introduced in early Feb 1930.
  4. ^ This official poster is pictured and offered for sale, in every Girl Scout Equipment catalog from Fall 1931–Fall 1936. It would be replaced by the 25th anniversary poster, Spring 1937. Excerpt from all Spring and Fall issues 1935–36 p. 33 or 38: "Used by many troops at the group meeting place on a bulletin board."
  5. ^ a b Sanctioned tournaments. The span includes all in-between years. It's backed up internally (within this article). He was a tennis enthusiast. It kept him from becoming overwhelmed with work, and opposingly, from reaching loftier heights as an artist.
  6. ^ Men's singles was held at Forest Hills, 1920 & 24. It was held at the Germantown Cricket Club in Philadelphia, 1921.
  7. ^ It was hosted annually by the Westchester County Tennis League (Scarsdale, N.Y.), from 1932–2019 (except 1942–45).
  8. ^ The Golden Age of American Illustration by Bernard B. Perlman, 1978 p. 7 (foreword). Artists, Advertising, and the Borders of Art by Bogart, 1995 p. 15. Both accessed via Internet Archive.
  9. ^ Scribner's Magazine, July 1922 p. 124. "American Illustration and the Reproductive Arts" by Carrington.
  10. ^ The New York Times, Nov 10, 1911 p. 11. Obit column. Excerpt: "He was almost [or like] the father of American magazine illustration, as it is known to-day."
  11. ^ Artists, Advertising, and the Borders of Art by Bogart, 1995 pp. 1–4, 47–55, 78 – Internet Archive. Their perceived status was still above that of the advertising artists. Most lacked job security.
  12. ^ a b Cover Story: The Art of American Magazine Covers 1900-1950 by Heller & Fili, 1996 pp. 7–8 (role), 9–12 (compared), 16–17 (process). Introduction: pp. 7–17.
  13. ^ a b A Cavalcade of Collier's, edited by McArdle (mag's last editor), 1959 pp. xii–xiii.
  14. ^ Scribner's Magazine, May 1939 pp. 20–21. Circulation soared under Chenery. He was given full control from the beginning. The New York Times, August 20, 1974 p. 38.
  15. ^ a b Scribner's Magazine, July 1922 p. 126 (niche).
  16. ^ These eighteen described activities of sorts, each appeared on a Collier's cover between Feb 2, 1924 and Aug 27, 1927. Their exact dates are collectively listed in this article, under the heading "Magazine cover illustrator."
  17. ^ a b "Collier's" (Jun-24). Path: www.loc.gov>Photos, Prints, Drawings. Enter: "correct position for the fingers." A beginning flutist. He's wearing a sailor suit and red bow.
  18. ^ a b "Collier's" (Sep-25). A student's mind wanders, in an English grammar class. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  19. ^ a b "Collier's" (Aug-27). Commons. A joyful boy and apprehensive dog, going down a water slide together.
  20. ^ a b c "Collier's" (Jun-25). Head shot with added mustache. He's wearing a derby hat (amid red carnations).
  21. ^ Collier's usually preferred cover art that conveyed plain and simple thoughts, unlike its main rival the Post.
  22. ^ "Presto Chango". Commons. An idea presented to Collier's.
  23. ^ a b c d e f Hard Row to Hoe (literary newsletter), V-9 Fall 2005 pp. 2–3 – via Wayback Machine. "Golden Era of the Illustrations," by Joe E. (Edwin) Armstrong in collaboration with Martin's niece Adele. Excerpts: "[The] Fisk Tire advertisement, 'A Time to Retire,' with Adele's brother Walter as a model, was his best known work." The niece recalled visiting the artist on a particular occasion, with her brother and sister: "We climbed the oak stairs to the second floor ... [and] entered a huge bright room ... This was my uncle's studio. ... Although my uncle generally used local models, especially boys, some of our family posed for photographs which would later miraculously turn into paintings. My grandmother was depicted in a Thanksgiving scene basting a turkey ... My brother and I sat for The Bookshelf for Boys and Girls while Uncle Paul took our picture, as we sat on the kitchen table of our own house. My sister modeled for [a] Junior Red Cross poster[]. [S]he posed as well, taking a license number from a boy's homemade car, for hitting her carriage and doll." Grandma = Mary Willey, née Immler (1854–1937). Sister = Edna.
  24. ^ a b Photo Session1. Commons. A model posing for the artist, and its final product. This composite appeared in The Saturday Evening Post of Nov 22, 1930 on p. 37. Artist signed. The boy, girls, and fridge were photographed separately.
  25. ^ a b Photo Session2. Commons. A model posing for the artist, and its final product. This composite appeared on the Foreign Service cover of May 1932. Artist signed. The boy is holding a matchbox on a paintbrush stick, in lieu of a flower.
  26. ^ a b c Positions. Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920 p. 12. Excerpt: "It is interesting to note that this drawing was made by Paul Martin, who while he was with the O. J. Gude Co., designed the famous Wrigley electric sign showing the dancing 'spear-men,' still on display on Broadway in New York. Mr. Martin was for seven years art manager of the New York Tribune." This write-up gives him the cover credit. It otherwise would have gone solely to Gotham Studios. (Their insignia is on the cover.) Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. Employer: Gude at 220 W. 42d.
  27. ^ Wrigley's Gem. Printers' Ink Monthly, Oct 1920 pp. 25 (photo), 26 (B'way, feet). It was located atop the old Putnam Bldg. That site is now occupied by the Paramount Bldg. Printers' Ink, weekly, Oct 18, 1917 p. 25. The lettering was changed for one month, to help sell liberty bonds.
  28. ^ Advertising & Selling, June 1917 p. 33. Quote by George M. Cohan: "one of the best musical numbers I have ever seen." New York Tribune, April 28, 1920 p. 8 ("fountains play" - "trade mark changes"). This ad appeared in hundreds of newspapers, from Dec 1919 to May 1920. Wrigley's gleaming sign was directed toward the masses. Its energetic mascots with green-pointed heads, promoted the health benefits of chewing gum.
  29. ^ Simulated Movements. New York Public Library. Digital Collections. This photo does not capture the entire rooftop sign. Another three sprightly "spearmen" are on the left side. The six of them are doing warm-ups.
  30. ^ Flasher. Illustrated World, Mar 1920 pp. 689–91. It explains the illusion of movement (with light bulbs). The anthropomorphic gymnasts, bubbling fountains, and fluttering peacocks are framed within a vine-like floral design.
  31. ^ One Times Square by McKendry, 2012 p. 17. A watercolor of the fully animated, rotating lights, nighttime skyline, attention grabber. Times Square Spectacular by Tell, 2007 pp. 75, 79. It's atop an electrical sign, for DeMille's The Ten Commandments.
  32. ^ Animation. Outdoor Advertising (book) by Lippincott, 1923 pp. 85–86. It's called beautiful, fascinating and impressionable.
  33. ^ New York Tribune, Nov 10, 1917 p. 1; The Evening Star (Washington DC), July 17, 1923 p. 6; Variety (NYC), Feb 7, 1924 p. 18 (still standing). It operated from 1917–24.
  34. ^ "Invested". Printers' Ink, weekly, Aug 10, 1922 pp. 17–20. Travelers. Famous Leaders of Industry, Second Series by Edwin Wildman, 1921 pp. 337–38.
  35. ^ Serving1. Library and Archives Canada. Path: Their homepage>Search the Collection>Collection Search. Enter: "Serve Your Country: Benefit of War Camp Activities." Size: 11 x 17". Serving2. This is a card version. Many artists lent their talents to the war effort. He registered for the draft, when the age limits changed from 21–30 to 18–45 in Sep 1918.
  36. ^ "General Summary". What New York Did for Fighting Men: Through New York War Camp Community Service in the World-War of 1917-1919, 1919 pp. 3–4.
  37. ^ It was donated by Bessie Holden in 1965. This is stated within the frame. The Sun, April 21, 1918 sec. 7 p. 8; July 16, 1918 p. 13. She helped organize the National Tennis Women's War Relief Association. New York Tribune, Sep 9, 1919 p. 15; June 2, 1920 p. 13; June 16, 1920 p. 13; July 26, 1921 p. 12; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 23, 1922 p. A2; Sep 24, 1930 p. 25; The Yonkers Statesman and News, Feb 27, 1923 p. 10. Holden and Mrs. Martin both played in these tourneys.
  38. ^ "They're Off". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Dec 11, 1921 p. D23; Dec 20, 1921 p. B5; Dec 7, 1924 p. 41-resorts. New York Herald, Dec 17, 1922 sec. 6 p. 6. The New York Times, Feb 4, 1923 p. 12-R. "Coasting". Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Dec 17, 1922 p. H40; Dec 16, 1923 p. 33-R. New York Herald, Dec 18, 1921 sec. 3 p. 15; New York Tribune, Jan 22, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6; Dec 3, 1922 pt. 4 p. 5. The New York Times, Dec 9, 1923 p. 7-R; Jan 25, 1925 p. 14-R; Dec 6, 1925 p. 19-R. "Exciting Sport". NY Tribune, Dec 18, 1921 pt. 3 p. 5; Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6. New York Herald, Jan 29, 1922 sec. 3 p. 3. "Snowshoe Trail". New York Tribune, Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6. New York Herald, Jan 15, 1922 sec. 3 p. 11. "Let's Go". New York Herald, Dec 10, 1922 sec. 6 p. 6. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jan 8 & 15, 1922 p. F12; Jan 29, 1922 pt. 3 p. 6. NY Tribune, Jan 8, 1922 pt. 3 p. 3. Debuts in print: 1921–22. All are artist signed. ("Sport" is signed in the image's lower left corner.)
  39. ^ The Daily Argus, Dec 3, 1921, gravure section. He signed a contract earlier that year, to design cards for William Edwin Rudge. Its newly relocated plant was in Mount Vernon, N.Y. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "reprinting names below." "Bide-A-Wee". Commons. Rare example.
  40. ^ "Ladies' Home Journal". May 1927 p. 71. "I Know Beans."
  41. ^ Youth Volunteers1. History Nebraska. Newport (R.I.) Mercury and Weekly News, Sep 6, 1929 p. 5. "New Junior Red Cross Poster Designed by Paul Martin, Beautiful and Inspiring."
  42. ^ a b Youth Volunteers2. Bangor (Maine) Public Library. Path: Collections>WWII Posters>Red Cross WW2. His niece Edna is pictured second from top right. It's signed in the globe's lower R.
  43. ^ Titled: "I don't care, I'm strong." He's wearing a leather helmet, while playing football. She's applying a bandage, and telling him to be more careful. The girl in real life was the boy's Aunt Helen, an older teenager. They went together to this photo session, from their home to the Martins. She walked to and fro, while her young nephew rode a two-wheeled scooter. He traveled/pedaled alone, to all other shoots. Documents. These letters back up the year. Wayback Machine.
  44. ^ Weight Gain. A boy standing on a weighing scale. He says to his real-life aunt, "You can't call me Skinny now!" Artist signed. They also posed during this same photo shoot, for the football painting "I don't care, I'm strong." Thumb Pointing. Advertising Outdoors, Nov 1931 p. 35. "Overflowing pep and energy is expressed ...." Martin's signature was erased by McCandlish Litho. One of their artists then hand copied the original, though on a much larger scale. (It was etched onto a zinc-plated surface.) This near-exact replica (traced photographically for precision) was the version that went into production. Advertising Outdoors, Dec 1931 pp. 39–40. Overview by A. R. McCandlish.
  45. ^ Early Riser. Commons. A boy leaping out of bed saying, "Coming mother...I'm hungry."
  46. ^ Their display period was short-lived, since company salesmen continually pushed for their products to be highlighted. This approach existed in the era before food brokers and paid contracts. Many store owners would not allow ads to hang from overhead wires. This was due to their cluttered appearance.
  47. ^ Ade1. Saturday Evening Post, July 26, 1930 p. 43.
  48. ^ Ade2. Path: History.Nebraska.gov>Collections>Collections Search>Keyword Search. Enter: "Silent Hostess."
  49. ^ Mags, 1930: Silent Hostess, vol. 2 no. 5, p. inside cover; Post, July 26 p. 43; The American Magazine, Aug p. 124; Arts & Decoration, Aug p. 17; Collier's, Aug 16 p. 27; Country Life (Garden City, N.Y.), Aug p. 75; House Beautiful, Aug p. 101a; Ladies' Home Journal, Aug p. 70; McCall's, Aug p. 78; Time, Aug 11 p. 2; Cosmopolitan, Sep p. 151. Book: Never Done by Strasser, 1982 p. 266. New York dailies, 1930: Auburn Citizen, July 31 p. 8; Friendship Register, July 24 p. 7; Herald-Mail (Fairport), July 24 p. 10; Orleans Republican, July 23 p. 3; Standard Holley, July 24 p. 5; St. Lawrence (County) Plaindealer, July 15 p. 2.
  50. ^ Printers' Ink, weekly, Sep 18, 1930 pp. 130, 132. "What Constitutes a 'Story Illustration?' " by W. Livingston Larned.
  51. ^ Playtime1. Saturday Evening Post, Oct 25, 1930 p. 34. Playtime2 – Internet Archive. B&W version with readable text.
  52. ^ Mags: Silent Hostess, 1930 vol. 2 no. 7, p. inside cover; Saturday Evening Post, Nov 22, 1930 p. 37. Book: Advertising the American Dream by Marchand, 1985 p. 271. Newspapers, 1930: Alexandria Times-Tribune, Nov 20 p. 6; Canyon News (Tex.), Nov 13 p. 16; Coshocton Tribune (Ohio), Nov 20 p. 9; Evening Journal (Del.), Nov 26 p. 4; Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.), Nov 30 p. 3; Friendship Register, Nov 20 p. 4; Indiana Evening Gazette, Nov 20 p. 13; Jamestown Evening News (N.Y.), Nov 13 p. 15; Morning Herald (Uniontown, Pa.), Nov 20 p. 16; Patriot and Free Press, Nov 20 p. 9; Pomona Progress Bulletin, Nov 18 sec. 2 p. 4; Republican Watchman, Nov 14 p. 3; Silver Creek News, Nov 20 p. 6; Van Wert Times Bulletin, Nov 20 p. 8; Wilmington News-Journal (Ohio), Nov 27 p. 2. Kids playing grown-ups.
  53. ^ The Pelham Sun, March 13, 1931 p. 7 – via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "prize winning Girl Scout poster."
  54. ^ a b c Citizen Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), March 19, 1932 p. 1. Excerpts: "An art enthusiast from his boyhood ... He studied commercial art at the Academy of Design ... Mr. Martin gained a national reputation when he designed the automobile tire advertisement, 'Time to Re-tire' ... He has won several art prizes, including an award last year for drawing the best poster symbolizing the Girl Scout movement. ... Member of the Artists' Guild. He was also a member of the County [Tennis] Club of Westchester and of the Scarsdale Badminton Club." Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "48 noted artist."
  55. ^ a b Girl Scout Equipment (catalog), 1931F p. 25; 1932S p. 29; 1932F p. 32; 1933S p. 34; 1933F p. 28; 1934S p. 31; 1934F p. 31; 1935S p. 38; 1935F p. 38; 1936S p. 33; 1936F p. 33. Excerpt from 1931F: "The prize winning poster in the contest held early in 1931. Painted by Paul Martin ... A very attractive publicity item (for window display)." Excerpt from 1933F: "The 'Usefulness' Poster because of its cheerfulness and lovely coloring is one of the most popular." It's pictured in all eleven of these semiannual catalogs. Sizes: 17 x 22" & 7 x 9.25".
  56. ^ "Alliance". American Art Annual by the American Federation of Arts, 1921 vol. 17 p. 174. They often held competitions, demonstrations and exhibitions.
  57. ^ New York Evening Post, Feb 21, 1931 p. D5 (200–300).
  58. ^ a b "Poster Campaign". Plattsburgh Daily Press, Jan 21, 1931 p. 7. Gibson was on the original (not final) judging panel.
  59. ^ a b c The Pelham Sun, Feb 27, 1931 p. 9. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "new poster selected."
  60. ^ The Yonkers Statesman, Nov 6, 1931 p. 20. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "former Yonkers resident model." Citizen Sentinel, Nov 9, 1931 p. 9.
  61. ^ The Yonkers Statesman, June 1, 1929 p. 6 (best man) – Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "Smith of Woodlawn Heights." Heading: "Twenty-Five Years Ago." It was held at the bride's family home, on Riverside Ave. (then more commonly known as Dr.) in Manhattan, NYC.
  62. ^ Citizen Sentinel, Feb 19, 1931 p. 8. Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "award by Miss Josephine." Dobbs Ferry Register, Mar 13, 1931 p. 11 (pictured); The Daily Plainsman, Mar 14, 1931 p. 7. Martin–Schain exchange. The first is an unobstructed, full-length pose. It was also taken at a slightly different angle.
  63. ^ New York Herald Tribune, Feb 22, 1931 sec. 9 p. 8. Caption: "Scout Poster Artists."
  64. ^ Girl Scout Collector's Guide by Degenhardt & Kirsch, 2005 p. 266e. Pictured with an imprinted message along the bottom. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  65. ^ NY Herald Tribune, Oct 18, 1931 sec. 2 p. 13. The original was exhibited in a store window of Wanamaker's for one week.
  66. ^ The Sign. A change request was received by mail.
  67. ^ Citizen Sentinel, Feb 17, 1931 p. 6; Jamestown Evening Journal, Feb 26, 1931 p. 15. Lockport Union-Sun & Journal, Feb 21, 1931 p. 4 – Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "wholesome young girlhood." The first left out the words "happy and."
  68. ^ Title Leaves for 1932 Line (salesman's booklet). This image first showed up on its calendars, ink blotters (3.5 x 6" with pink backs), and prints in 1931. Suitcase Layout. Joliet's Gerlach Barklow Calendar Company by the Smiths, 2009 p. 26.
  69. ^ Title Leaves for 1933 Line (salesman's booklet). This image first appeared on the cover of Parents magazine in Oct 1930. Parents then sold the rights to Gerlach Barklow. "Oh Yeah!". One of their artists changed the text portion, and added a title.
  70. ^ Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920. Pencil sketch of an executive with Deere & Company (details on p. 12). Magazine's lifespan: 1909–24. It was formed through a merger.
  71. ^ Repair. Good Hardware, Oct 1920 (man fixing clock). Published by Strevell-Paterson Hardware Co., Salt Lake City.
  72. ^ Merchants. Progressive Grocer, Sep 1922 vol. 1 no. 9 (talking on the phone); Nov 1922 vol. 1 no. 11 (weighing a turkey). The covers are visible by scrolling to the very end, and then going up about a dozen pages.
  73. ^ Silent Hostess by General Electric, 1930 vol. 2 no. 4 (eating an apple); 1931 vol. 3 no. 4 (flexing muscles); 1931 vol. 3 no. 7 (blowing up a football). Mag's lifespan: 1930–32. Its key purpose was to promote the innovative "Monitor Top" refrigerator.
  74. ^ The Daily Bulletin (Endicott, N.Y.), Oct 12, 1956 p. 5. Heading: "Reynolds Named Magazine Editor." The appointment took effect on Nov 1. Accessed via NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
  75. ^ The two predecessors were Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920 and Good Hardware, Oct 1920. Progressive Grocer (1922–). A trade paper dedicated to helping the independent operators.
  76. ^ Martin's signature is within every artwork mentioned in this article. However, there are others unsigned by him, which would be difficult or impossible to prove as credits. Example: Collier's, March 22, 1930 p. 56. A young neighbor, William Everett Orser (1919–2016), posed for him as the Dutch Boy. That's according to Lauretta Martin & Don Reynolds (ref. 283). But no proof, as the signature was removed. His paintings turned into outdoor displays were not salvageable. Their scaled-down counterparts in grocery markets were typically discarded. Hence, even pics of them likely do not exist, unless featured in a trade magazine.
  77. ^ Parade. Altoona (Pa.) Tribune, May 21, 1932 p. 5; Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 52; May 1933 p. 30; Brownsville (Tex.) Herald, May 17, 1933 p. 2; Medford (Ore.) Mail Tribune, May 21, 1933 p. 4; San Bernardino Daily Sun, May 22, 1933 p. 3; Bakersfield Californian, May 23, 1933 p. 7; Boys' Life, May 1934 p. 44. These are examples of its appearance in print.
  78. ^ For clarity: The original was sold to Parents in March 1930. This is based on Mrs. Martin's notes. Also, the model only posed for him from 1930–31 (ref. 283). It went unused, and so was resold by Parents to American Litho, and from there to the Veterans of Foreign Wars. This artwork was turned into a poster, and then magazine cover in spring 1932.
  79. ^ Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 52 (poster); Foreign Service, May 1932 (cover). Print debuts. Ownership. He assisted by making some slight adjustments.
  80. ^ Foreign Service, May 1932 pp. 10, 26 (editorial quote).
  81. ^ "Wear a Buddy Poppy". Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 52. A black and white version of the poster. Artist signed. The silky flowers were made by disabled and needy veterans. Proceeds from its sales, provided relief to veterans and their dependents.
  82. ^ Fisk Tires (price list), 1901. Size: 4.5 x 6.5". 12 pp. This brochure gives the details, prices, sizes and weights; on its automobile, bicycle and carriage tires.
  83. ^ Our County and its People: A History of Hampden County, Massachusetts. Copeland, lead editor, 1902 vol. 3 p. 504. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  84. ^ Automobile Topics (trade magazine), September 24, 1921 p. 443. That total was a record monthly output for 1921.
  85. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company by Babcock, 1966 p. 278. Excerpt: "As the depression deepened, net sales of the company plummeted." It forced them to severely cut back on advertising. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  86. ^ The New York Sun, January 19, 1940 p. 31. Heading: "Transfer Fisk Assets to U.S."
  87. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company by Babcock, 1966 pp. 97 (a.k.a.), xv, 410–11. The stockholders voted for the name change on Apr 19, 1966. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  88. ^ The deal was struck September 1989. Finalized May 1990.
  89. ^ Gazette Telegraph (Colo.), June 27, 1965 p. E4; The Tennessean, Sep 15, 1966 p. 69; Nevada State Journal, Dec 8, 1966 p. 25; Poughkeepsie Journal, Aug 30, 1977 p. 17; Beckley (W.Va.) Post-Herald, Nov 17, 1977 p. 21; Charlotte News, March 1, 1978 p. C2.
  90. ^ Tire Business (trade mag), July 6, 1998 (starting 1996); Dec 19, 2013 (still in production). Accessed via tirebusiness.com.
  91. ^ America A to Z by Reader's Digest, 1997 pp. 364–65 – via Internet Archive. It's listed as one of eleven iconic trademarks.
  92. ^ Logo, Font & Lettering Bible by Cabarga, 2004 p. 16.
  93. ^ a b The Houma Courier, June 11, 1910 p. 14; San Francisco Call, Dec 1, 1910 p. 7; Apr 30, 1911 p. 44; Oakland Tribune, May 7, 1911 p. 37; Life, Aug 17, 1911 p. 276; Country Life in America, Apr 15, 1912 p. 86; Collier's, Apr 20, 1912 p. 30; Motor, Apr 1912 p. 26; Suburban Life, Apr 1912 p. 290. These are early appearances of the advertising character in print. It also showed up on picture postcards in 1910. The 2nd link depicts one of them.
  94. ^ a b Early History1. Printers' Ink, weekly, Dec 26, 1912 p. 78. "Development of 'Fisk Boy' as Trade Figure." The sleepy-eyed character was created in 1910. It showed up on penny postcards, which were mostly postmarked in late-1910, 11 or 12. They are now on the collector's market.
  95. ^ a b Early History2. The Poster, Nov 1913 p. 55. "Why the Fisk Rubber Company Uses Posters," by their advertising manager M. G. (Mabel Garetta) Webber. Excerpt: "He appeared first in 1910." Early History3. Judicious Advertising, Jan 1913 p. 71. Both accessed via books.google.com (Google Books).
  96. ^ Saturday Evening Post, Jan 12, 1929 p. 78 (print debut).
  97. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company, 1966 p. 317. Management decided on the facial alteration in 1928.
  98. ^ Saturday Evening Post, Feb 8, 1930 p. 106 (print debut). Claim. Official Gazette, July 1930 vol. 396 p. 730.
  99. ^ a b Editor & Publisher, March 29, 1947 p. 36. Martin's contributions to "Master PJs" are indirectly mentioned. Excerpt: "At one time, they put him in a modern suit of pajamas, made him a little older." Accessed via Internet Archive.
  100. ^ a b The Daily Argus (Mount Vernon, N.Y.), July 11, 1927 p. 1. Heading: "Local Couple Wedded [50] Yrs." Martin, his nieces Adele, Edna and nephew Walter Jr. are mentioned. It uniquely ties them all together. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "flowers and gold and yellow decorations." A–W–E (L to R). Studio portrait, 1930. Wayback Machine.
  101. ^ Chattanooga Times, May 4, 1930 p. 48. Nashville Banner, May 11, 1930 sec. 3 p. 2; Hartford Courant, June 8, 1930 p. C7; Modesto News-Herald, June 14, 1930 p. 13 (cites as its source, distributor James Mortensen); Pittsburgh Press, June 15, 1930 sec. autos p. 2.
  102. ^ a b Printers' Ink, weekly, March 27, 1930 pp. 10, 12. (quote by R. G. Bath). Heading: "Don't Be Afraid to Improve Your Trade-Mark: Even the Long-Famous Time to Re-tire Boy Has Been Modernized." The boy's three stages are pictured and reviewed. This is a rare primary source on the third and final stage. It states that the boy was created three years before debuting. Printers' Ink, weekly, Dec 26, 1912 p. 78; The Poster (mag), Nov 1913 p. 55. However, these much early sources, claim that the advertising icon was brought to life in 1910.
  103. ^ History of the United States Rubber Company: A Case Study in Corporation Management by Babcock, 1966 p. 317 (quote).
  104. ^ Saturday Evening Post, Feb 8 p. 106; March 8 p. 76; April 5 p. 107; May 3 p. 69; May 10 p. 128; May 24 p. 61; June 7 p. 67; June 21 p. 89; June 28 p. 87; July 5 p. 69; July 26 p. 91; Aug 23 p. 38. All twelve issues are from 1930.
  105. ^ The trade character was artist signed in three of these twelve issues. As follows: March 8 p. 76 (plain backdrop); July 26 p. 91 (purple backdrop); Aug 23 p. 38 (blue backdrop, pictured).
  106. ^ Saturday Evening Post, Mar 8, 1930 p. 77. Free with coupon.
  107. ^ His credits include all images of the boy wearing two-piece pajamas. This was the company's logo from 1930–34.
  108. ^ Books. Commons. Softcovers. Size: 5.75 x 7.25".
  109. ^ Ashtray. Commons. Diameter 6.75". Height 1.25".
  110. ^ Score Pad. Commons. A Gilbert Stuart portrait of George Washington is on the cover. Size: 4 x 6.5".
  111. ^ They came with internal elastic straps (bands).
  112. ^ Clock. Commons. They were circular in shape, with a rubber tire around the rim. Made by Telechron. Diameter 5.5".
  113. ^ Design No. 1 - "The Fisk Trade Mark Boy." (Martin's signature is next to the boy's left heel.) Design No. 2 - "Elephant and Mouse." Design No. 3 - "Checker Players." Design No. 4 - "The Shadow." Design No. 5 - "Baseball." The last four feature an old Reginald Bolles, J. F. Kernan or Thrasher painting. There's also a large sign of the revamped agent, in the background.
  114. ^ Puzzle. Die-cut cardboard. Size: 8.625 x 11". Set of five.
  115. ^ Striker. It showed up on Diamond Quality, Pull Quick, & Universal Match Corp. covers. The first two were made by the Diamond Match Co. of N.Y. The Pull Quicks had ten wooden sticks, which were ignited by quickly pulling them out.
  116. ^ Poster. Titled: "Coming and Going," with a military theme and NRA (National Recovery Administration) logo. That helps date it to 1933 or 34. Size: 28 x 39".
  117. ^ Heel. The mascot and the words "Air Cushion" & "Fisk." This was a self-repair part. It came in various sizes.
  118. ^ "Special". New Oxford (Pa.) Item, April 13, 1933 p. 3; April 20, 1933 p. 2; Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.), April 11, 1933 p. 7; Gazette and Daily (York, Pa.), April 11, 1933 p. 4. Ad: "During this tire sale, we will give absolutely free, one Fisk jig-saw puzzle with every tire sold."
  119. ^ Classics. Waterloo (Iowa) Courier, July 8, 1934 p. 13. Morristown (Tenn.) Gazette and Mail, May 30, 1934 p. 3. "Just sign the coupon below and bring it to our station. The book is absolutely free!" Greenwood (Miss.) Commonwealth, June 8, 1934 p. 2; Belleville (Kan.) Telescope, June 28, 1934 p. 3; Osage County News (Pawhuska, Okla.), Oct 26, 1934 p. 7.
  120. ^ Super-Service Data Book, 1933. Size: 6.25 x 3.75". 32 pp. It gives the specs on rims and tires, for various car models.
  121. ^ These were decals that stuck onto the inside of windows.
  122. ^ Other variations: 1. The trademark character on both sides, with phrase on back "Time to Retire / Get a Fisk." 2. Character on the front, with words "Air-Flight Principle Tires by Fisk."
  123. ^ National Petroleum News, Feb 19, 1930 p. 120; Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 43; June 1932 p. 53; July 1932 p. 45; Sep 1933 p. 28; "All the World". Dec 1933 p. 42; April 1934 p. 28; May 1934 p. 30; June 1934 p. 42; Dec 1934 p. 55; The American Boy, Dec 1933. These tire ads are for bicycles.
  124. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 10, 1930 p. 10; April 17, 1930 p. 15; Gazette & Farmers' Journal, April 17, 1930 p. 3; The New York Sun, May 8, 1930 p. 47; Waterville Times, May 8, 1930 p. 6; The Newark (N.Y.) Courier, June 12, 1930 p. 6; San Jose Evening News, July 11, 1930 p. 13; Skaneateles Free Press, July 17, 1930 p. 6; Binghamton (N.Y.) Press, April 23, 1931 p. 19; Van Nuys (Ca.) News, Aug 6, 1931 p. 7; Dansville Breeze, Jan 21 & 23, 1932 p. 3; Buffalo Courier-Express, Jan 4, 1932 p. 6; Medina Daily Journal, May 11, 1933 p. 5; June 29, 1933 p. 5; The Evening News (Harrisburg, Pa.), July 19, 1933 p. 16; Schenectady Gazette, May 25, 1934 p. 32; Plattsburgh Daily Press, July 6, 1934 p. 8; July 7 & 19, 1934 p. 5; Aug 14, 1934 p. 8. Fisk dramatically cut back on advertising after 1930. This was because of the deepening Great Depression. It forced most of their franchise dealers out of business.
  125. ^ The Hogan Handbook, Fisk-Federal-Badger Tire Catalog, Thomas E. Hogan Inc., 1935 pp. 35–36. The original "Fisk Boy" did not appear in mag ads from 1930–36. However, it started showing up on various advertising materials in 1935.
  126. ^ Printers' Ink, weekly, Jan 1, 1920 p. 70. "Be Cautious When ..." by Harvey O. Lennin. Opinion of public vs. experts. The public might have been more receptive to a gradual change.
  127. ^ Norman Rockwell Encyclopedia by Moline, 1979 pp. 144–46, 149, 156–57, 161, 167–68, 172, 183–84 – via Internet Archive.
  128. ^ "Master Pajamas" lost its luster over time. Nonetheless, the trade character continued to show up on boxes and cans of auto parts into the 1970s. For instance: air filters, antifreeze, brake fluid, headlamps, motor tune-ups, oil filters, shock absorbers, spark plugs and tire cleaners. It later appeared on Franklin Mint collectibles, Lionel boxcars & label stickers for Fisk Classic tires.
  129. ^ Smile, Darn Ya, Smile! Cartoon short, Sep 1931. Foxy triggers the new look, after the 3:15 mark – via YouTube.
  130. ^ "Atlantic City Exhibit". Philadelphia Inquirer, Oct 13, 1929 p. B4. "PM has also specialized in children's interests."
  131. ^ Norman Rockwell, my Adventures as an Illustrator, 1960 p. 118; 1988 (new edition) p. 95. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  132. ^ New York Press, December 13, 1890 p. 2. His father was part of "Peck, Martin & Co." They dealt in building materials (esp. bricks). Excerpt: "Mr. Martin, who had been employed as a bookkeeper by the firm for twelve years, was admitted as a partner February 1, 1882." Fultonhistory.com.
  133. ^ Associate. Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide, Jan 5, 1884 p. 24-VI. Real Estate Record ..., Feb 7, 1891 p. 199 (now called "Martin & Co.").
  134. ^ Census of 1880. Search under "Robt. C." Censuses of 1900 and 1910. They had nine children with six still living. New York Herald, Nov 5, 1864 p. 3. His parents were married in 1864. New York Herald, July 30, 1917 p. 4; New York Tribune, July 30, 1917 p. 7. Robert's obit notices. He was survived by Hannah, five sons and one daughter. The funeral service was held at Calvary M. E. Church in Manhattan, at 129th St. and 7th Ave. The New York Times, Sep 21, 1919 p. 22. Hannah's obit.
  135. ^ Census of 1880 (search under "Robt. C."); New York & New Jersey Telephone Company (directory), 1888 sec. NYC p. 81; Trow's New York City Directory, 1890 p. 835. They lived near the future site of Penn Station.
  136. ^ The Sun, Dec 13, 1890 p. 8. "Real Estate Transfers." Locale: east side (of street), N of 138th. Trow's New York City Directory, 1891 p. 912; 1892 p. 948; 1893 p. 931; 1894 p. 931; 1896 p. 966; 1897 p. 863. Home: Edgecombe Ave. Their address is listed under Robert F. (son of Robert C.) for 1896 & 97.
  137. ^ The Sun, July 17, 1891 p. 5. His sister Theresa died at thirteen months. The Evening World, June 20, 1893 p. 7. His sister Hannah Louisa died at 16. Their funeral services were held at the family home, on Edgecombe Ave. Both accessed via Chronicling America. Enter: "Hannah A. Martin." He was born after the death of another young sibling.
  138. ^ Census of 1880. The family lived on 31st St. Census of 1900. They lived on 129th St.
  139. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1899 p. 846. They lived on 129th St.
  140. ^ Minutes of the New York Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, edited by Adams & Strobridge, 1884 p. 74. The father is listed as a church official.
  141. ^ Comprehensive Church Record of the Twenty-fourth Street Methodist Episcopal Church, 1877. This register was viewed by an archivist with the New York Conference of the United Methodist Church (White Plains, N.Y.). Department of Archives and History. The Martins and their two oldest sons are listed as members.
  142. ^ "Elected". Report of the New York City Church Extension and Missionary Society, 1893 p. 5. They joined Calvary upon moving to Edgecombe Ave. in Harlem. Path: HathiTrust.org>select "full-text">enter (with quotes) above title>select "Report v. 21-30." It's viewable a spec past the halfway point.
  143. ^ New York Herald, July 30, 1917 p. 4 (superintendent at both). The family switched churches, due to their residential relocation (Chelsea to Harlem). Calvary moved to the West Bronx in 1923. Its original church (built 1887) was designated as a historic landmark, 2016. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "married Miss Hannah Mor."
  144. ^ The Metropolitan Church and Choir Directory of New York and Brooklyn, 1888 p. 56 (title: "Supt. S. S."). "New ... Old". The Sunday School Journal, edited by Henry Meyer, Jan 1918 pp. 8–9. He gives a Bible lesson. Both accessed via HathiTrust.
  145. ^ Census of 1900. Section: June 9. The teen just turned 17. Occupation column: "clerk in office of broker."
  146. ^ Summer only 1906. He took classes in Antique (drawing from plaster casts), Illustration (taught by Charles Louis Hinton), and Life (drawing live models). These dates & details were supplied by the Academy's archive department. American Art Annual 1903-1904, edited by Levy, pt. 1 p. 288; 1905-1906 p. 304 (backup sources). Hinton was then their only illustration instructor.
  147. ^ The school was then located at West 109th St. & Amsterdam Ave. in NYC. He continued to live at home during those years. This was with immediate and extended family. His residency on 129th St. was verified, by the school's archive dept.
  148. ^ The New York Times, March 20, 1932 sec. 2 p. 7. Excerpt: "He studied at the National Academy of Design."
  149. ^ U.S. Census of 1910. "Manager / Art Dept. Daily Paper." Directory of the Oranges (N.J.), Price & Lee Co., 1910 p. 400 (PDF) "Mgr. NY"; 1912 p. 429 (PDF) "Mgr. NY."
  150. ^ Fourth Estate: A Weekly Newspaper for Publishers ..., edited by Birmingham, Dec 10, 1904 p. 9 – via HathiTrust.
  151. ^ U.S. Census of 1910. His household, occupation and residence are listed. New York Herald, July 7, 1912 p. 15; July 21, 1912 p. 15. He played in inter-club tennis tourneys (singles & doubles), as a member of the Maplewood Field (now Country) Club.
  152. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1907 vol. CXXI p. 1063 (home: 129th St.); 1908 vol. CXXII p. 928 (home: Orange, N.J.). Maplewood was then a section of South Orange. Search under "Robt. C."
  153. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1909 p. 937. Robert Martin's occupation (building materials) and residence (Maplewood) are listed.
  154. ^ They lived on Ridgewood Terrace. Maplewood Methodist (now Morrow Memorial UMC) was on Ridgewood Rd. Madison Eagle, Aug 20, 1915 p. 1. Its pastor was Dr. Wallace B. Fleming, 1904–11. He was head of WV Wesleyan College, 1915–22.
  155. ^ a b Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 (covering 1909) p. 181. He played singles and doubles (teamed with Harry N. Balch) at Nyack. The New York Times, Sep 15, 1909 p. 9; NY Tribune, Sep 15, 1909 p. 8; Spalding's, 1910 pp. 98–99. Also in the Morristown FC tournament. NY Tribune, June 3, 1910 p. 9 (partners again). Spalding's, 1913 p. 64. Balch and Martin formed a tandem in So. Orange, N.J. NY Herald, July 7, 1912 p. 15; July 21, 1912 p. 15. They were clubmates and doubles partners at Maplewood. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes (separately): "Maplewood club wins" & "Glenridge won three." Census of 1910. The two were neighbors, who lived a few houses apart. They both attended Maplewood Methodist. The latter was verified by email with a church official in 2020.
  156. ^ "Many Players Put Out". New York Tribune, May 17, 1910 p. 9; May 20 & 29, 1910 p. 8; June 2, 1910 p. 9; June 21, 1910 p. 9; June 28 & July 1, 1910 p. 9; The Sun, May 29, 1911 p. 4; May 31, 1911 p. 9; Aug 12, 1911 p. 7; Aug 14, 1911 p. 9. He participated in many tourneys from 1910–11. The Sun, Aug 7, 1913 p. 9; New York Tribune, May 17, 1914 pt. 2 p. 6. Martin's lean years on the circuit included 1912–14. NY Tribune, July 6, 1915 p. 15; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 16, 1915 sec. 2 p. 4. His game was elevated a notch in 1915. NY Tribune, Dec 22, 1918 pt. 2 p. 7; Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1919 pp. 177, 181. He was nationally ranked for the first time in 1918 (at No. 91). Last line: "Players not ranked in 1917."
  157. ^ New York Tribune, Sep 1, 1909 p. 5; Sep 15, 1909 p. 8.
  158. ^ New York Tribune, Aug 31, 1909 p. 4; Sep 14, 1909 p. 5.
  159. ^ Card. Their wedding announcement card gave the location and date as New York, Sep 27, 1912. New Jersey, United Methodist Church Records, 1800-1970; New Jersey State Archives for marriage record. However, it was changed to Hoboken, N.J., Sep 27, 1912. Enter under spouse: "Loretta."
  160. ^ U.S. Census of 1900. The Willeys lived in Central Harlem (on W. 119th St.), as the century turned. They and the Martins attended the then named, Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church. Lauretta's parents were Mary Immler (1854–1937) and Jacob Willey (1849–1939). The Daily Argus (Mt. Vernon, N.Y.), Aug 2, 1937 p. 2. Mary's obit. "She was a member of the Chester Hill M. E. Church." The New York Times, July 27, 1939 p. 19. Jacob's obit. "Real estate operator and produce dealer."
  161. ^ Its specialty was in reprinting old books. Walter worked for and later took over the company, from someone who coincidentally had the same surname. U.S. Census of 1910; New York State Census of 1915; New York State Census of 1925. He's listed sequentially, as an accountant for a publishing company ... office clerk ... publisher from New Rochelle. Censuses of 1910 and 1930. Emma was a career-long teacher in the public schools.
  162. ^ Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx, 1913 p. 812; 1915 p. 1258. They lived on Loring Pl.
  163. ^ New York State Census of 1915; U.S. Census of 1920 (renters); Westchester County New York Property Records, August 15, 1925. These three give their street address as Andrews Ave.
  164. ^ Trow General Directory of New York City, Embracing the Boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx, April 1916 p. 1140. They lived on Andrews Ave. Occupation: "artist." Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918. It was a fourth-floor apartment.
  165. ^ New Jersey State Archives for marriage record, Sep 1912. Occupation: "artist." That helped establish the starting year. Cachet. Paul of Gude, writes to Lauretta in 1914. His artistic credits nearly always went to the company.
  166. ^ Draft Registration Card, Sep 1918 – FamilySearch.org. Search>Records. Employer's Name: "O. J. Gude & Co." That helped establish the final year. Advertising & Selling, Jan 24, 1920 p. 12. Martin previously worked for Gude. He's now employed by Gotham Studios, and given credit for the cover. HathiTrust.
  167. ^ Transfer. Printers' Ink, weekly, March 13, 1919 pp. 46–47.
  168. ^ Record and Guide, March 1, 1913 p. 478 (near 22nd on B'way); May 10, 1913 p. 1022 (220 W. 42). Address change.
  169. ^ Parable. Printers' Ink, weekly, March 11, 1920 p. 72. He drew the ancient Greek philosopher Empedocles, while working for Gotham Studios. It's credited in the upper right.
  170. ^ U.S. Census of 1920. He was living in the West Bronx and working in outdoor advertising.
  171. ^ "Employees". Advertising & Selling, Jan 10, 1920 p. 48.
  172. ^ "Guild". Printers' Ink Monthly, Dec 1920 p. 97 (non-member); Jan 1921 p. 97 (new member). Public debut.
  173. ^ Office of the Westchester County Clerk. They provided the property records on the Martins', two-story home in Millwood. The New York Times, March 20, 1932 sec. 2 p. 7. "He came to [Greater] Ossining six years ago from New York City."
  174. ^ "Cottage Tor". Commons. Martin's painting of their home.
  175. ^ The props included caps, jackets, jerseys, neckties, pajamas, shirts, sports equipment and sweaters. They sometimes appeared in multiple illustrations. Example: The same helmet is pictured on top left and top right. PM's niece, Adele, recalled the darkroom, drawing board, materials and accessories in a typed essay. It was used as a source for an article, in Hard Row to Hole, Fall 2005 pp. 2–3. However, these details did not make it into print.
  176. ^ Window. The front is not to scale, so the same is likely true of the north side. Nonetheless, it shows the general layout.
  177. ^ a b Oven Roasted. Preparing the main course.
  178. ^ Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1924 p. 97 (top twenty for '23); Spalding's, 1925 p. 92 [P not B], (top twenty for '24). He was ranked in the teens from 1923–24.
  179. ^ The New York Times, Nov 13, 1920 p. 12. Metro players were first officially ranked in 1920. Wright & Ditson Officially Adopted Lawn Tennis Guide, 1921 p. 109.
  180. ^ The New York Times, Dec 5, 1920 sec. 9 p. 2 (ranked between 18 & 31); Jan 8, 1922 sec. 9 p. 1 (top 30); Jan 14, 1923 sec. 1 pt. 2 p. 1 (top 30); Dec 11, 1923 p. 24 (top 20); Jan 25, 1925 p. S4 (top 20); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Jan 25, 1925 p. D6 (T-20); Dec 27, 1925 p. C3 (T-25). The Yonkers Statesman and News, Jan 7, 1924 p. 8 (top 20).
  181. ^ New York Tribune, July 7, 1919 p. 12; Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1 p. 21; The Sun and New York Herald, June 29, 1920 p. 11; The New York Times, July 11, 1920 sec. 1 p. 17; The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 25, 1929 p. 3.
  182. ^ "Woodmere". The Sun, Sep 8, 1919 p. 16. He won the runner-up trophy. That's assuming they were (as normally) awarded to the top two finishers. Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1919 p. 225 – via books.google.com. The prize that year could have been a certificate or medal.
  183. ^ "Mr. and Mrs. Martin Win". The Sun and New York Herald, June 29, 1920 p. 11. His first tournament win (excl. consolation singles). Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1918 p. 33. This sanctioned husbands-and-wives event began in 1918. The unique idea was proposed by future HOFer Marie Wagner.
  184. ^ "Club Title". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 16, 1931 p. 1. His last tournament win, which came at age 48. Victor in doubles. (Also runner-up in singles.) These events were only open to members of their club. The Scarsdale Inquirer, July 24, 1931 p. 1. However, he also won a sanctioned tourney that year, at Lake George, N.Y. Accessed via news.hrvh.org.
  185. ^ "Martin Tennis Winner" (PDF). The New York Times, July 11, 1920 sec. 1 p. 17. It was held on the Sunningdale Courts in Scarsdale, N.Y.
  186. ^ "Second Annual Tournament". American Lawn Tennis, June 15, 1921 p. 135. Excerpt: "The first leg on this cup was won in 1920 by Paul Martin."
  187. ^ American Lawn Tennis, edited by Merrihew, Sep 15, 1924 p. 536 (singles & doubles titles). Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 2, 1925 p. F2. Heading: "Brooklyn Guests." Martin was the Lake George champion of 1924. He's "actively working to make" the current edition "a success."
  188. ^ The Kingston Daily Freeman, July 29, 1924 p. 12 (singles & doubles titles). Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "Ulster County tennis tourney."
  189. ^ The Sun, June 22, 1910 p. 8. The event's headliner was then World No. 1, William Larned.
  190. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 2, 1925 p. 2A (National Indoor Doubles). Their match was played in Manhattan, on the 7th Regt. Armory's drill floor. New York Tribune, March 18, 1920 p. 13. Lauretta teamed with schoolgirl Ceres Baker at the Armory.
  191. ^ "Hunter Gains Place" (subheading). New York Tribune, July 7, 1919 p. 12; July 6, 1920 p. 12.
  192. ^ a b "Tilden Winner" (last paragraph). New Britain (Conn.) Herald, Aug 28, 1924 p. 16. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 27, 1924 p. 2. "Gerald Patterson, Australian Davis Cup captain, quickly finished off his opponent, Paul Martin of New York, by taking the fourth and deciding set of their postponed match without the loss of a game. The Anzac had dropped a long deuce set to Martin [on] Monday, but he was invincible today." This was the national championship at Forest Hills. Patterson went on to reach the semifinals.
  193. ^ "Close Finishes". New York Tribune, May 18, 1918 p. 14. "In the second round, there was a keenly fought struggle between Richards–Fischer and Paul Martin–Jones W. Mersereau." The Sun, Aug 21, 1918 p. 11; New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917 p. 13; March 17, 1919 p. 17 (Hawthorne column); May 8, 1919 p. 22. The schoolboy prodigy and seasoned veteran were clubmates at Univ. Hts. The New York Times, April 4, 1919 p. 12. Richards simultaneously belonged to the New York TC. The Sun, July 6, 1919 sec. 2 p. 3. Martin over Richards by default. The Sun, Oct 6, 1919 p. 20; The New York Times, Oct 19, 1919 p. S6. They were no longer clubmates by now. New York Tribune, June 24, 1922 p. 11. They met in a 4th round match.
  194. ^ a b The New York Times, June 28, 1925 p. S6. They faced off at the New York Athletic Club's country home, on Travers Island in New Rochelle. "Big Bill" went on to win the singles title (by downing Vincent Richards) & doubles title.
  195. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 3, 1924 p. 2A (National Indoor). It was hosted by the 7th Regt. Armory. American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1924 p. 476. Martin topped Van Ryn 6-4, 2-6, 6-4.
  196. ^ "Kynaston is Victor". New York Tribune, Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1 p. 21. A mixed doubles match at West Orange, N.J. American Lawn Tennis, 1931 p. 52. The Martins over Wagner–Calder at Lake George 3-6, 11-9, 2-0 default. "Starts Well". The New York Times, July 10, 1919 p. 17; New York Tribune, Sep 23, 1921 p. 15. Wagner easily handled Lauretta.
  197. ^ New York Tribune, Oct 20, 1919 p. 13. This was in an inter-club (not sanctioned) tourney. Lone case (from Alexander to Wood). Heylman–Washburn def. PM–Robinson 6-3, 7-5.
  198. ^ New York Tribune, June 7, 1910 p. 8. Karl Behr over Martin by default at Englewood, N.J.
  199. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 1, 1924 p. A3; Brooklyn Daily Times, July 1, 1924 p. 15. PM lost 5-7, 6-3, 3-6 at Glen Cove.
  200. ^ New York Tribune, July 6, 1915 p. 15 (4R–West Bronx); Sep 23, 1921 p. 15 (5R–Hoboken, N.J.). The New York Times, June 2, 1923 p. 8. Martin won after losing the first set 0-6. Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "reversal marks eastern." The New York Times, June 12, 1925 p. 17 (5R–Montclair, N.J.); Buffalo Courier, July 10, 1925 p. 10 (4R–Syracuse). The Yonkers Statesman, June 9, 1928 p. 12. They were clubmates at Hartsdale. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 22, 1930 p. C3. They battled in the semifinals at Travers Island.
  201. ^ Related category. The New York Times, April 13, 1925 p. 16. Doubles partners Bowman and Martin came back from near defeat, to win an exhibition match at the Briarcliff Lodge TC. Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "triumphs in doubles match."
  202. ^ Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 p. 181. Rosenbaum–Grant over Balch–Martin 6-1, 6-2. Spalding's, 1912 p. 160. Friedman–Grant over Balch–Martin 7-5, 6-2.
  203. ^ "Stars Advance" (PDF). The New York Times, July 23, 1921 p. 8; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 1, 1922 p. 7; May 17, 1925 p. D2.
  204. ^ "Californians'". New York Herald, July 24, 1922 p. 12. PM's sideline shots were well timed. But they lost their effectiveness, with Kinsley's excellent chops and returns.
  205. ^ New York Tribune, March 28, 1920 pt. 1 p. 21; Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1 p. 21; The New York Times, May 15, 1923 p. 17; June 15, 1923 p. 17 (semifinal match–Montclair, N.J.); Aug 22, 1923 p. 11; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 3, 1923 p. D4; Long Island News and the Owl, July 24, 1924 p. 1.
  206. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 8, 1926 p. C5 (Westchester-Biltmore CC in Rye).
  207. ^ "Rosenbaum Wins" (PDF). The New York Times, Sep 15, 1919 p. 13. Martin eliminated Fred Anderson (older brother of Frank), earlier in the tourney. Anderson and Rosenbaum were both finalists, at diff. times, in the National Indoor Championship.
  208. ^ New York Tribune, June 3, 1910 p. 9; June 25, 1920 p. 15 (6R–Bronx); June 24, 1922 p. 11.
  209. ^ The New York Times, May 29, 1923 p. 12. "Martin conquers Wood at Yonkers." Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. The New York Times, June 20, 1924 p. 22. Wood played in every National Professional Tennis Championship from 1927–36.
  210. ^ a b New York Tribune, June 5, 1916 p. 14; "Semi-Finals Reached". The Sun, Aug 13, 1916 sec. 2 p. 2; Sep 17, 1917 p. 11; "Heights Team Wins". The Sun and New York Herald, May 28, 1920 p. 10; "Finals Reached" (PDF). The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22. Martin belonged to the University Heights TC. It's stated in all of the above. New York Tribune, May 10, 1915 p. 15. A fellow clubmate was Franklin P. Adams. The Sun, July 30 & Aug 7, 1913 p. 9; New York Tribune, July 4, 1915 pt. 2 p. 4; July 1, 1917 pt. 2 p. 3 & July 2, 1917 p. 11; June 30, 1919 p. 12; July 6, 1920 p. 12; May 22, 1922 p. 9; The New York Times, June 23, 1923 p. 7; May 4, 1924 sec. 10 p. 6. They both played in these tournaments at University Heights. "Diary". New York Tribune, July 2, 1919 p. 10. Columnist Adams wrote that event volunteer Mrs. Martin; served him cake, sandwiches and tea for refreshments. Her husband & Adams formed a tandem, p. 12.
  211. ^ Bridgeport Telegram, July 5, 1924 p. 8. The Martins toppled Adams & Mayme McDonald in New Canaan, Connecticut. Accessed via Newspapers.com.
  212. ^ "Behr's Auto Springs Leak". New York Tribune, Oct 1, 1917 p. 13. Seven-member team: Behr, Clapp, Fischer, Martin, Mersereau, Richards, Whyte [not White]. The Sun, Aug 26, 1917 sec. 2 p. 2. Boy's title.
  213. ^ "Reach Fourth Round". New York Tribune, June 3, 1918 p. 13; May 18, 1918 p. 14; March 28, 1920 pt. 1 p. 21; July 14, 1921 p. 11; The Sun, May 14, 1919 p. 16; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 15, 1925 p. A2; June 24, 1925 p. A2; Feb 17, 1926 p. A2; May 16, 1926 p. C2; Aug 8, 1926 p. C5; Philadelphia Inquirer, Aug 13, 1928 p. 13; Syracuse American, Aug 11, 1929 p. 8.
  214. ^ a b Men's singles: New York Tribune, Aug 31, 1920 p. 11; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sep 1, 1921 p. 2; The Sun, Aug 20, 1924 p. 26. Tilden won every National from 1920–25.
  215. ^ 1921 National. Section 8, Round 2: Rogers vs. Martin. His wife Lauretta, played in the women's division.
  216. ^ Round of 64. Spalding's Tennis Annual, Aug 20, 1925 p. 29.
  217. ^ American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924 p. 486. Excerpt: "Upon resuming, Patterson won six games in a row, despite Martin's steady play."
  218. ^ a b Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1929 p. 51. Excerpt: "Dr. Hawk went into the semi-final against Bassford with a victory over PM of New York." Spalding's, 1930 p. 31. Excerpt: "[Jean Adoue] engaged PM of New York in the longest and closest match of the tournament, which required forty-eight games." Spalding's, 1931 p. 27. Wright & Ditson Officially Adopted Lawn Tennis Guide, 1932 p. 13. He lasted twice until both the third and fourth rounds. The age requirement was later lowered.
  219. ^ The New York Times, Sep 23, 1928 sec. 11 p. 8; The Scarsdale Inquirer, June 29, 1928 p. 8; Oct 18, 1929 p. 22; Aug 15, 1930 p. 1; June 26, 1931 p. 2. It was also called the County TC of Hartsdale (or Westchester). He joined their club after moving to nearby Millwood in August 1925.
  220. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Feb 3, 1924 p. D2; May 11, 1924 pp. D1–2. The USLTA adopted a ruling, which tightened one already existing, Feb 2, 1924. It stated that any active player who received payment for writing on tennis, would be stripped of their amateur status starting Jan 1, 1925. This resolution was easily approved by its members, who voted in blocks (47,196 to 6,250). It would have most deeply affected Bill Tilden, followed distantly by Vincent Richards. Strong opposition came from the influential S. Wallis Merrihew, fans and writers. A petition was signed by, among others, 12 of the top 25 ranked netmen from the NY metro area. It rebuked the new rule that redefined amateurism. Walter Merrill Hall (#11 of 25) and Martin (#18 of 25) did not sign on with the pro-Tilden forces. They instead wrote a separate letter (text on p. D2), urging its reconsideration. A special committee was appointed by President Wightman, to further study the troubling matter. It consisted of Arthur Hellen, Merrihew, Mersereau & Tilden (alliance stalemate at 2-2). These four then expanded the jury to seven, by carefully selecting outsiders Devereux Milburn, Senator Pepper & Grantland Rice. Their report was publicly released in mid-Dec and received positive reviews. The USLTA accepted its greatly revised edition on Jan 7, 1925. The alternative was to face continued backlash. Conclusion. Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1925 pp. 7, 9, 124.
  221. ^ The New York Times, June 12, 1923 p. 17. Heading: "Women to Meet at Nets." American Lawn Tennis, July 15, 1924 p. 249. Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9; July 18, 1925 p. 3. The New York Times, June 7, 1925 p. S8; New York Evening Post, June 9, 1925 p. 16. Martin was the tournament referee, and in charge of accepting entries. His wife served on its committee. New York Evening Post, June 19, 1925 p. 14. Former national indoor champion, Helene Pollak Falk, nearly collapsed during a semi-final match. Referee Paul assisted her off the court. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter with quotes: "women's finals reached." The Post-Star, July 21, 1925 p. 11; American Lawn Tennis, 1930 p. 166.
  222. ^ "Younger Tennis Players". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 20, 1926 pp. 1, 10; Aug 15, 1925 p. 9.
  223. ^ The WCTL hosted the event every year from 1932–2019 (excluding 1942–45). The trophy (pictured) was not etched with names for those four years. A low number of applicants due to COVID-19, caused its cancellation in 2020. The above was last verified by email, with a league rep in 2021. "Season Opens". North Westchester Times–New Castle Tribune, Apr 19, 1962 p. 21; The Herald Statesman, May 20, 1995 p. D8. Three or more wins: John Mangan, Melvin Partridge, Dick Squires, Bill Tully.
  224. ^ "Memorial Tourney to Start". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Aug 19, 1932 p. 1 – via news.hrvh.org. (Hudson River Valley Heritage.)
  225. ^ The Herald Statesman (Yonkers, N.Y.), June 28, 1935 p. 19 – via Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "memorial play to feature." It was originally called the Paul Martin Memorial Tennis Tournament, and included singles and doubles competition.
  226. ^ "Annual County Net Tourney". The Herald Statesman, June 21, 1932 p. 14. Club managers decide to honor Martin. The Scarsdale Inquirer, June 22, 1934 pp. 1, 4; June 29, 1934 p. 14; July 10, 1936 p. 1. The person most responsible for its establishment was Fenimore Cady, of the Mount Pleasant Tennis Club in Pleasantville. Census of 1930. Cady's address.
  227. ^ "Finals Reached". The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22. He won the second place trophy in the third annual, Essex County Championship (W. Orange, N.J.).
  228. ^ a b The Herald Statesman, June 29, 1934 p. 22. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "league sets draw." The Scarsdale Inquirer, July 6, 1934 pp. 1, 4 (engraved, donated).
  229. ^ The Scarsdale Inquirer; Aug 26, 1932 p. 1 (near end); Sep 9, 1932 p. 1; Oct 7, 1932 p. 14. The singles winner of the annual County TC tournament (for members only), started having their name engraved on another memorial cup in 1932. It was a trophy won by Martin, for finishing second at Harlem in 1923. Scarsdale Inquirer, Sep 22, 1933 p. 11. It's referred to in print, for the last known time.
  230. ^ American Lawn Tennis, April 20, 1932 pp. 3, 64. Excerpts: "Paul Martin, well known in New York tennis circles and a [former] member of the University Heights Tennis Club, died suddenly ... For some time Martin had been troubled with pains in the stomach." His death was noted in the table of contents. Printers' Ink, March 24, 1932 vol. 158:12 p. 80. Excerpt: "artist of the current H-O posters." Internet Archive.
  231. ^ The New York Times, March 20, 1932 sec. 2 p. 7. Excerpts: "an artist specializing in advertising ... studied at the National Academy of Design. ... Funeral services will be held Tuesday in the Highland Methodist Church."
  232. ^ Citizen Sentinel (Ossining, N.Y.), Mar 19, 1932 p. 1. Excerpt: "Funeral services will be Tuesday night at 7 o'clock, at the Highland Avenue M. E. Church." Sibling survivors: Fanny (Frances), George, Ralph, and Robert. Accessed via Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "originator of time to re-tire."
  233. ^ Lifespan: July 7, 1880, New York City, N.Y. – Aug 14, 1972, Mount Vernon, N.Y. She was predeceased by her two siblings. Social Security Death Index (SSDI). Her birth year is verified.
  234. ^ a b "First Round Schedule ... 2 PM". New York Tribune, Aug 14, 1921 pt. 1 p. 19. She competed in the Women's National Championship (US Open), at Forest Hills 1921. The final was between Molla Mallory and Mary K. Browne. This tournament featured the heavily publicized, American debut of Suzanne Lenglen. Both Martins played in the singles draw of the 1921 Nationals. It's a trivial, though rare, occurrence for a married couple (in the same year). Others: Clarence Hobart–Augusta Schultz (1905), Nathaniel Niles–Martha Pitkin (1920–21), Marjorie Gladman–John Van Ryn (1931–37), Nell Hall–Harry Hopman (1938), Frank Kovacs–Virginia Wolfenden (1941), Edwin Cooke–Sarah Palfrey (1945), Lew Hoad–Jenny Staley (1956), Carole Caldwell–Clark Graebner (1964–65), Bill Bowrey–Lesley Turner (1969), Chris Evert–John Lloyd (1979, 81, 83–85).
  235. ^ "Mr. and Mrs. Martin Win". The Sun and New York Herald, June 29, 1920 p. 11. Subheading: "Earn Husband and Wife Metropolitan Tennis Championship."
  236. ^ "Finals Reached" (PDF). The New York Times, Oct 13, 1922 p. 22; "Marjorie Morrill Wins". Hartford Courant, July 3, 1927 p. B3. Their names are listed way down. "Castle Point". American Lawn Tennis, Oct 15, 1920 p. 481; NY Tribune, Sep 25, 1920 p. 11. They lasted until the quarter-finals (3R) at Hoboken, N.J.
  237. ^ "County Club is Victorious". The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 25, 1929 p. 3. Their mixed doubles win was credited to the team. "County Tennis Club". The Scarsdale Inquirer, July 17, 1931 p. 1. Their victory was in a club tournament.
  238. ^ A silkscreen print (serigraph) of the original artwork. It was first on display at that location in 1965. It has since then been periodically exhibited in various areas. This was verified by the museum's research center, and a letter in its files by Sec Treas Henry Heffernan. The letter was dated Dec 3, 1965.
  239. ^ Dimensions: Height 3.75". Width 3.25" (w/o handle). The Hall of Fame's logo is on the image's opposite side.
  240. ^ "Paul Martin Tennis Tourney". The Scarsdale Inquirer, June 22, 1934 p. 1 (attributes).
  241. ^ Bronxville Press, Aug 16, 1932 p. 4. "The Village Vagabond." Accessed via news.hrvh.org. Select: "Browse by title."
  242. ^ Spalding's Tennis Annual, 1923 pp. 306, 311–14. These clubs are all listed as Association members, except for South Yonkers. That's due to its courts not being dedicated until May 25, 1924. The Oritani FC credit was added at a later date, hence not fully verified. Nonetheless, it's listed in the 1924 edition, p. 281.
  243. ^ The New York Times, July 11, 1920 sec. 1 p. 17 (PDF). New York Tribune, June 25, 1920 p. 15.
  244. ^ a b American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1924 p. 536 (singles & doubles titles); Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9 (singles & doubles titles); Aug 15, 1925 p. 7 (doubles title, singles & mixed doubles runners-up); July 12, 1930 p. 3 (singles, doubles & mixed doubles runners-up); Citizen Sentinel, July 16, 1931 p. 12 (singles quarter-finalist); The New York Times, July 19, 1931 sec. 10 p. 7 (doubles title); The Yonkers Statesman, July 20, 1931 p. 14. Heading: "Bassford, Martin Win." The Mrs was a finalist in consolation singles. NYSHistoricNewspapers.org (3 of 4 links).
  245. ^ a b American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1923 p. 404 (singles quarter-finalist & mixed doubles semi-finalist); Aug 15, 1924 p. 370 (singles & doubles titles, mixed doubles semi-finalist); The Kingston Daily Freeman, July 29, 1924 p. 12 (singles & doubles titles); The New York Times, July 18, 1925 p. 11 (singles & doubles runners-up); Long Island News and the Owl, July 18, 1929 p. 1 (doubles semi-finalist); The Kingston Daily Freeman, July 13, 1931 p. 12 & American Lawn Tennis, 1931 p. 48 (doubles runner-up). Link accessed via HathiTrust.
  246. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 16, 1915 sec. 2 p. 4; The New York Times, Aug 16, 1915 p. 6. The winners in singles, doubles and consolation singles are listed. Martin was staying at the Mamakating Inn during the tourney (more below). Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1916 pp. 119, 313. Results and definition of consolation. The Sun, Aug 13, 1916 sec. 2 p. 2. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Sep 3, 1916 sec. 3 (resorts) p. 6. This article states that "Martin of the University Heights Tennis Club" was "picked to win the tournament" at Merriewold Park in 1916. (He lost in semis instead.) Cachet. Commons. This explains why the Times and Tribune, confusingly, referred to him (& others) as being from Mamakating in Aug 1915.
  247. ^ A non-championship final (unlike the other twenty-nine). Nonetheless, an award was presented to the winner.
  248. ^ "Hammett–Martin Team Wins". New York Tribune, July 12, 1922 p. 13. The New York Times, July 23, 1921 p. 8 (singles semi-finalist); June 28, 1925 p. S6 (doubles semi-finalist); Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 24, 1928 p. C3 (doubles quarter-finalist); June 22, 1930 p. C3 (singles semi-finalist). These events were held at the athletic club's home away from home, on Travers Island (now a peninsula) along the L. I. Sound.
  249. ^ The New York Times, May 20, 1925 p. 19. It was held at Forest Hills. The New York Times, June 3, 1925 p. 21. Heading: "Martin and Bassford Win." Subheading: "Beat Anderson and Hartmann in 'Over 39ers' Tennis Final." Fultonhistory.com.
  250. ^ "Net Title". New York Tribune, June 29, 1920 p. 15; American Lawn Tennis, Sep 15, 1919 p. 396 (husbands & wives quarter-finalist); The Sun and New York Herald, June 25, 1920 p. 10 (singles quarter-finalist); June 29, 1920 p. 11 (husbands & wives title); New York Herald, June 25, 1922 sec. 4 p. 4 (doubles QFist).
  251. ^ "Woodmere". The Sun, Sep 8, 1919 p. 16 (singles runner-up). New York Tribune, July 17, 1920 p. 9 (singles semi-finalist); July 15, 1921 p. 11 (singles quarter-finalist).
  252. ^ American Lawn Tennis, Feb 15, 1922 p. 631 (doubles semi-finalist); New York Tribune, Oct 13, 1922 p. 15 (singles runner-up); Oct 15, 1922 pt. 1 p. 21 (doubles & mixed doubles QFists).
  253. ^ American Lawn Tennis, edited by Merrihew, Nov 15, 1922 p. 491 (singles runner-up & doubles semi-finalist). The Mrs reached the singles semis.
  254. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, June 3, 1923 p. D4 & The New York Times, June 3, 1923 p. S4 (singles runner-up); The Yonkers Statesman and News, May 29, 1924 p. 8 (singles quarter-finalist). These events were for the Eastern New York State Championship. It was hosted by Amackassin from 1920–24.
  255. ^ New York Tribune, May 16, 1920 pt. 1 p. 21 (singles & doubles quarter-finalists). The Evening Telegram, May 20, 1923 p. 10. Excerpt on Martin: "The University Heights veteran." This corrects misinformation given in a competing paper on the same date. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 21, 1923 p. A2; The New York Times, May 21, 1923 p. 19 (singles runner-up).
  256. ^ American Lawn Tennis, Sep 1, 1924 p. 476. Long Island News and the Owl, July 24, 1924 p. 1. Kynaston over PM 8-6, 6-4, 0-6, 6-2. Accessed via NYSHistoricNewspapers.org.
  257. ^ Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 3, 1924 p. D3 ("Martin Beats Japanese Star") & Aug 18, 1924 p. A2 (singles runner-up); The New York Times, Aug 2, 1925 p. S5 (singles semi-finalist).
  258. ^ The New York Times, Oct 17, 1921 p. 12 (singles semi & doubles runner-up). New York Tribune, Nov 12, 1921 p. 14.
  259. ^ The Yonkers Statesman, Sep 20, 1926 p. 11 (doubles runner-up) – via Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "Watkins in hard fight." Final: Osgood–Osgood vs. Martin–C. R. Watkins. The Yonkers Statesman, Aug 8, 1929 p. 13 (singles quarter-finalist); Aug 8, 1930 p. 16 (singles quarter-finalist).
  260. ^ The Yonkers Herald, Sep 21, 1926 p. 14. Martin and four others are pictured at the net. Accessed via Newspapers.com.
  261. ^ Evening Gazette (Port Jervis, N.Y.), Aug 26, 1921 p. 8 (mixed doubles runner-up); American Lawn Tennis, Oct 15, 1921 p. 463 (singles semi-finalist & doubles runner-up). It ran from Aug 16–20. His mixed doubles partner was not Lauretta. A rarity due to a scheduling conflict. She had a first-round singles match, at the National on Aug 15. The New York Times, June 29, 1924 sec. 1 p. 27. Another rare instance. He paired with a friend, Helen Simpson. Lake George Mirror, Aug 16, 1924 p. 9; July 18, 1925 p. 3; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Aug 2, 1925 p. F2 ("Brooklyn Guests"). They sometimes worked together on tournament committees.
  262. ^ The Scarsdale Inquirer, Oct 5, 1928 p. 5 (reached singles semis–no further results printed); Oct 18, 1929 p. 22 (singles title); July 17, 1931 p. 1 (mixed doubles title); Oct 16, 1931 p. 1 (singles runner-up & second straight doubles title); Aug 26, 1932 p. 1. Excerpt: "He was a ranking high player of the CC, having won the doubles championship there for several years with various partners, and always appeared in the finals." The results of club tourneys usually went unreported. Hence, most of them are lost to history.
  263. ^ Lake George was a popular resort in the Adirondack Mtns. "Advances". Boston Daily Globe, Aug 20, 1930 p. 15 (Squirrel Is., Me.). This locale was only reachable via ferry. They both won their opener. New York Herald Tribune, July 19, 1931 sec. 7 p. 16. Excerpt: "[The Martins] have been on a fortnight's vacation at Lake Mohonk and other resorts."
  264. ^ New York Tribune, July 6, 1915 p. 15; July 2, 1917 p. 11; July 4, 1918 p. 12; July 3, 1919 p. 10; July 6, 1920 p. 12; May 23, 1922 p. 13; The Sun and New York Press, July 5, 1916 p. 13; New York Evening Post; April 5, 1922 p. 15 (cmte.); April 25, 1924 (cmte.); April 22, 1926 p. 15 (cmte.); June 9, 1928 p. 16; New York Herald Tribune, May 9, 1927 p. 17; The NY Times, April 18, 1923 p. 19 (cmte.); May 9, 1923 p. 16; May 13, 1925 p. 19; Brooklyn Daily Eagle, May 11, 1924 p. D2; Sep 25, 1929 p. 28.
  265. ^ "Chambers on Winning Team". The Sun, Aug 7, 1913 p. 9; NY Tribune, July 12, 1915 p. 13; July 2, 1919 p. 12; May 3, 1920 p. 11; May 2, 1921 p. 11; The Sun and New York Press, July 5, 1916 p. 13; NY Evening Post, April 5, 1922 p. 15 (d/c). He nearly reached the trophy round in 1913. Lost in semis 3-6, 7-5, 2-6.
  266. ^ The New York Times, June 23, 1923 p. 7. This division replaced regular doubles, which was no longer on the agenda.
  267. ^ Card. The Martins moved to the Bronx, after their marriage on Sep 27, 1912. The Sun, Aug 7, 1913 p. 9. He first entered a University Heights tourney in 1913. New York Tribune, June 5, 1916 p. 14; The New York Times, Sep 21, 1925 p. 24. His association with their club is mentioned many times in print, between those dates. New York Evening Post, April 22, 1926 p. 15 – via Fultonhistory.com. Enter: "Lang apt to prove." A non-playing committee member. That helped establish the final year.
  268. ^ He could have joined the club b/w Oct & Dec 1912. It can't be verified, since the tennis season was nearly over by then.
  269. ^ He joined the County TC of-Hartsdale / in-Scarsdale, sometime after moving to Millwood in Aug 1925. The Yonkers Statesman, Sep 20, 1926 p. 11; The Yonkers Herald, Sep 21, 1926 p. 14; June 13, 1927 p. 12; The Scarsdale Inquirer, June 29, 1928 p. 8; June 26, 1931 p. 2. His association with that club is mentioned many times in print, between those dates. Link accessed via Newspapers.com.
  270. ^ "Travers Island". American Lawn Tennis, August 15, 1921 p. 317; Spalding's Lawn Tennis Annual, 1910 pp. 98, 181; New York Tribune, Aug 14, 1911 p. 8 (doubles partners); July 19, 1921 p. 11; June 12, 1922 p. 11. They both were in these tourneys. MyTrees.com. Ralph A. (Feb 1881 – Dec 1964). Census of 1910. Spouse: Alice. Uncle-in-law and housemate: C. Y. Turner. Home: 14th St. Search under househead "C. Y."
  271. ^ The New York Times, Sep 30, 1921 p. 12. Hammett and Martin were clubmates at University Hts. They sometimes partnered in doubles. Big Bill Tilden by Deford, 1976 p. 221. Donald Strachan was one of Tilden's Philadelphia protégés.
  272. ^ Ownership. A letter from Barney Yanofsky to Mrs. Martin.
  273. ^ Girlhood. Commons. It was called The Rally from 1917–20. This image later appeared on the catalog cover of Girl Scout Equipment, for Fall 1932 and Spring 1933.
  274. ^ "Collier's" (May-23). His first consumer magazine cover.
  275. ^ "Collier's" (Oct-25). Apple bobbing. Halloween issue. Article on Babe Ruth, p. 15. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  276. ^ "Everybody's". A rascally dog and young swimmer, Sep 1925. Accessed via Internet Archive.
  277. ^ It was known as Farm Journal and Farmer's Wife (upon their merger), from May 1939 to July 1945. It was then retitled Farm Journal, with a back section titled "Farmer's Wife."
  278. ^ Memorial Day cover. A poster version is shown in Boys' Life, May 1932 p. 52; May 1933 p. 30; May 1934 p. 44. The mag was renamed VFW (Veterans of Foreign Wars) in Jan 1951.
  279. ^ "Die Hausfrau". (English: The Housewife.) Internet Archive. The mag had three titles: Die Deutsche Hausfrau 1904–18. Die Hausfrau 1919–92. Das Fenster 1992–. This image originally appeared on calendars, ink blotter cards and prints in 1931.
  280. ^ "Liberty". Focal points: doll carriage, homemade wagon and license plate, Sep 12, 1925. The girl's dark locks were added on.
  281. ^ Named: Children, the Mag. for Parents, Oct 1926 to Jan 1929.
  282. ^ Named: Children, the Parents' Magazine, Feb to July 1929.
  283. ^ "Parents" (Oct-30). A youngster reading their mag with some difficulty. This image later appeared on a Gerlach Barklow calendar with altered lettering. The model was Donald Bruce Reynolds (1924–2020). He also posed for Martin's: a). "Role-playing" ad for General Electric Refrigerator. b). Outdoor posters for H-O Oats (three different scenes 1 2 3). Their mini versions were displayed in grocery stores. c). Wilson Bats, Rollfast Bicycles & Bond Bread ads (though unknown if any of them made it into print). d). Foreign Service cover. More: They lived on opposite ends of a very long street in Millwood, N.Y. They first met at a short-lived (victim of the Great Depression) coffee shop in Millwood. It was operated by the boy's parents, and called "Rose and Carl's (for Carlyle) Restaurant." The eatery was located across from the railroad depot on Station Road. Martin was a regular customer, who often ordered stuffed cabbage and apple pie. He coupled trips to the post office, with getting freshly cooked meals (same bldg.). Their photo sessions took place from 1930–31. (Salary: 15¢/still or $5+/half-day, with free snacks.) The local model went on to ... graduate from Horace Greeley (High) School, while playing three sports (1941) ... take part in Operation Overlord (ADSEC unit; landed on June 21, 1944) ... become a sportswriter for The Daily Item of Port Chester, N.Y. (1948–50) ... & ... associate editor for Progressive Grocer (1956–62) ... attend the 65th anniversary ceremony of the Normandy landings, in France (2009). Service. Americans in Wartime Experience.
  284. ^ "Short Turns and Encores". A boy and girl listen intently to a Civil War veteran, who's reminiscing about General Sherman. Accessed via HathiTrust.
  285. ^ "The Blanket". Trio of son (with scissors), dad & granddad.
  286. ^ "The Unfairway". A man, woman and caddie, p. 22. A father and son reading the headline news, p. 23.
  287. ^ "Tragedy". A compassionate teacher and grieving student.
  288. ^ "On the Dark Trail". Young Henry holding a flashlight and hatchet. Stories of To-day and Yesterday, edited by Law, 1930 (frontispiece). Same picture. A color version.
  289. ^ LC. Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1927 p. 1196. Herald News (Fall River, Mass.), Oct 22, 1927. "Local Clergyman Writes Book." A large illustration by Martin is under that heading.
  290. ^ LC. Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1927 p. 1171. The book's illustrator was not recorded. Accessed via books.google.com.
  291. ^ LC. Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1927 p. 1558.
  292. ^ LC. Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1928 p. 795.
  293. ^ LC. Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1928 p. 1180.
  294. ^ LC. Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1929 p. 1645.
  295. ^ LC. Catalog of Copyright Entries, 1930 p. 400.
  296. ^ Published annually by R. R. Bowker Co., 45th St., NYC. They sold the dust jackets in bulk to bookstores. Bowker also imprinted on them, the retailer's business name and address. Readers 1. Readers 2. Commons.


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