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'''Nyepi''' is a [[Bali]]nese "Day of Silence" that is commemorated every ''Isakawarsa'' (Saka new year) according to the [[Balinese saka calendar|Balinese calendar]] (in 2024, it falls on March 11). It is a [[Bali|Balinese]] celebration mainly celebrated in Bali, [[Indonesia]].
'''Nyepi''' is a [[Bali]]nese "Day of Silence" that is commemorated every ''Isakawarsa'' (Saka new year) according to the [[Balinese saka calendar|Balinese calendar]] (in 2024, it falls on March 11). It is a [[Bali|Balinese]] celebration mainly celebrated in Bali, [[Indonesia]].


Nyepi, a public holiday in Indonesia, is a day of silence, [[fasting]] and meditation for the Balinese. The day following Nyepi is also celebrated as New Year's Day.<ref name="Hogue2006-03-24" /><ref name="Onishi2011-03-06" /> After Nyepi, the youth of Bali in the village of Sesetan in South Bali practice the ceremony of [[omed-omedan]] or 'The Kissing Ritual' to celebrate the new year.<ref name="Travel Asia">{{cite web |title=''Upacara omed-omedan: Ritual Ciuman Unik Khas Bali'' |trans-title="Omed-omedan ceremony: Bali's Unique Kissing Ritual" |url=http://www.travelesia.co/2014/04/upacara-omed-omedan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606215157/http://www.travelesia.co/2014/04/upacara-omed-omedan.html |archive-date=2014-06-06 |accessdate=6 June 2014 |publisher=travelesia.co |language=id}}</ref>
Nyepi, a public holiday in Indonesia, is a day of silence, [[fasting]] and meditation for the Balinese. The day following Nyepi is also celebrated as New Year's Day.<ref name="Hogue2006-03-24" /><ref name="Onishi2011-03-06" /> After Nyepi, youths of Bali in the village of Sesetan in South Bali practice the ceremony of [[omed-omedan]] or 'The Kissing Ritual' to celebrate the new year.<ref name="Travel Asia">{{cite web |title=''Upacara omed-omedan: Ritual Ciuman Unik Khas Bali'' |trans-title="Omed-omedan ceremony: Bali's Unique Kissing Ritual" |url=http://www.travelesia.co/2014/04/upacara-omed-omedan.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606215157/http://www.travelesia.co/2014/04/upacara-omed-omedan.html |archive-date=2014-06-06 |accessdate=6 June 2014 |publisher=travelesia.co |language=id}}</ref>


Observed from 6 a.m. until 6 a.m. the next morning, Nyepi is a day reserved for [[self-reflection]], and as such, anything that might interfere with that purpose is restricted. The main restrictions are no lighting fires (and lights must be kept low); no working; no entertainment or pleasure; no traveling; and, for some, no talking or eating at all.
Observed from 6 a.m. until 6 a.m. the next morning, Nyepi is a day reserved for [[self-reflection]], and as such, anything that might interfere with that purpose is restricted. The main restrictions are no lighting fires (and lights must be kept low); no working; no entertainment or pleasure; no traveling; and, for some, no talking or eating at all.
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On the afternoon and evening before Nyepi, accessibility on roads is limited. Many local roads are closed for the parade in the evening, making it difficult to navigate by car or scooter.
On the afternoon and evening before Nyepi, accessibility on roads is limited. Many local roads are closed for the parade in the evening, making it difficult to navigate by car or scooter.


The indirectly-state-owned consumer communications provider [[Telkomsel]] shuts down all internet access, while privately owned ISPs remain operational. Some hotels/resorts choose to shut down wifi coverage, while others choose to let it remain operational.
The indirectly-state-owned consumer communications provider [[Telkomsel]] shuts down all internet access, while privately owned ISPs remain operational. Some hotels/resorts choose to shut down WiFi coverage, while others choose to let it remain operational.


Electricity remains operational in Bali, while being shut off in Nusa Penida (2023).
Electricity remains operational in Bali, while being shut off in [[Nusa Penida]] (2023).


The only exceptions granted are for [[emergency vehicles]] responding to life-threatening conditions and women going into labor.<ref name="pelak">{{cite web|title=Pelaksanaan Hari Raya Nyepi di Indonesia|url=http://www.babadbali.com/canangsari/hkt-hari-nyepi-pelaks.htm|publisher=Babad Bali|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Balinese Day of Silence |author =Greg Rodgers|url=http://goasia.about.com/od/Events-and-Holidays/fl/The-Balinese-Day-of-Silence.htm|publisher=About.com|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref>
The only exceptions granted are for [[emergency vehicles]] responding to life-threatening conditions and women going into labor.<ref name="pelak">{{cite web|title=Pelaksanaan Hari Raya Nyepi di Indonesia|url=http://www.babadbali.com/canangsari/hkt-hari-nyepi-pelaks.htm|publisher=Babad Bali|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Balinese Day of Silence |author =Greg Rodgers|url=http://goasia.about.com/od/Events-and-Holidays/fl/The-Balinese-Day-of-Silence.htm|publisher=About.com|access-date=30 July 2015}}</ref>
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== Rituals ==
== Rituals ==
[[File:Tawur Kesanga in Samarinda.jpg|right|thumb|''Tawur Kesanga'', a ritual procession on the eve of Nyepi, celebrated a day before. The children carry flame torches that are used to light bonfires which symbolically burn ogoh-ogoh statues.<ref>[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/bali/travel-tips-and-articles/76348 Nyepi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002535/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/bali/travel-tips-and-articles/76348 |date=2013-11-04 }} Bali, Indonesia (February 2013)</ref> <ref name="indo.com" /> ]]
[[File:Tawur Kesanga in Samarinda.jpg|right|thumb|''Tawur Kesanga'', a ritual procession on the eve of Nyepi, celebrated a day before. The children carry flame torches that are used to light bonfires which symbolically burn ogoh-ogoh statues.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2013 |title=Bali Travel Stories |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/bali/articles |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104002535/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/indonesia/bali/travel-tips-and-articles/76348 |archive-date=2013-11-04 |access-date= |website=Lonely Planet |language=en}}</ref><ref name="indo.com" /> ]]


* First, the '''Melasti Ritual''' is performed 3–4 days beforehand. It is dedicated to Sanghyang Widhi Wasa. The ritual is performed in [[Pura (Balinese temple)]] near the sea (Pura Segara) and meant to purify Arca, Pratima, and Pralingga (sacred objects) belonging to several temples, also to acquire [[Sacred waters|sacred water]] from the sea.
* First, the '''Melasti ritual''' is performed 3–4 days beforehand. It is dedicated to Sanghyang Widhi Wasa. The ritual is performed in several [[Pura (Balinese temple)|puras (Balinese temple)]] near the sea and beaches. It is meant to purify Arca, Pratima, and Pralingga (sacred objects) belonging to several temples, also to acquire [[Sacred waters|sacred water]] from the sea.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=The Jakarta |title=Thousands flock to Bali's beaches for Melasti purification ritual - National |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/03/04/thousands-flock-to-balis-beaches-for-melasti-purification-ritual.html |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=The Jakarta Post |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bureau |first=ABP News |date=2022-02-28 |title=What Is Melasti? The Hindu 'Purification Festival' Celebrated Ahead Of Balinese New Year Nyepi Day |url=https://news.abplive.com/lifestyle/what-is-melasti-the-hindu-purification-festival-celebrated-ahead-of-balinese-new-year-nyepi-day-1516021 |access-date=2024-03-12 |website=news.abplive.com |language=en}}</ref>
* Second, the '''Bhuta Yajna Ritual''' is performed in order to vanquish the negative elements and create a balance with God, Mankind, and Nature. The ritual is also meant to appease [[Batara Kala]] by Pecaruan offering of live animal sacrifice. Around sunset the "Pengrupukan" ceremony begins in the house compounds with the noisy banging of pots and pans and bamboo tubes along with burning of dried coconut leaf torches to drive out the demons.
* Second, the '''Bhuta Yajna ritual''' is performed in order to vanquish the negative elements and create a balance with God, mankind, and nature. The ritual is also meant to appease [[Batara Kala]] by Pecaruan offering of live animal sacrifice. Around sunset the "Pengrupukan" ceremony begins in the house compounds with the noisy banging of pots and pans and bamboo tubes along with burning of dried coconut leaf torches to drive out the demons.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyepi in Bali - Experiencing the Balinese Day of Silence |url=https://bali.com/bali/travel-guide/culture/nyepi-balinese-new-year/ |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Bali.com |language=en-US}}</ref>


[[File:Ogoh-Ogoh---Ubud Football Field-Red one with kids.jpeg|thumb|The last day of the year includes processions of Bhuta (demons, above), followed by Nyepi, the festival of silence.]]
[[File:Ogoh-Ogoh---Ubud Football Field-Red one with kids.jpeg|thumb|The last day of the year includes processions of Bhuta (demons, above), followed by Nyepi, the festival of silence.]]
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[[File:Nyepi2012.jpg|250px|thumb|A deserted street at Nyepi]]
[[File:Nyepi2012.jpg|250px|thumb|A deserted street at Nyepi]]


* Third, the '''Nyepi rituals''' are performed as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Kompas Cyber |date=2022-03-01 |title=4 Pantangan saat Nyepi di Bali |trans-title=4 Taboos during Nyepi in Bali |url=https://denpasar.kompas.com/read/2022/03/01/184202978/4-pantangan-saat-nyepi-di-bali |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=KOMPAS.com |language=id}}</ref>
* Third, the '''Nyepi Rituals''' are performed as follows:
** Amati Geni: No fire or light, including no electricity
*# Amati Geni: No fire or light, including no electricity
** Amati Karya: No working
*# Amati Karya: No working
** Amati Lelunganan: No travelling
*# Amati Lelunganan: No travelling
** Amati Lelanguan: No revelry/self-entertainment
*# Amati Lelanguan: No revelry/self-entertainment
* Fourth, the '''Yoga/Brata Ritual''' starts at 6:00&nbsp;a.m. and continues to 6:00&nbsp;a.m. the next day.
* Fourth, the '''Yoga/Brata ritual''' starts at 6:00&nbsp;a.m. and continues to 6:00&nbsp;a.m. the next day.
* Fifth, the '''Ngembak Agni/Labuh Brata Ritual''' is performed for all Hindus to forgive each other and to welcome the new days to come.
* Fifth, the '''Ngembak Agni/Labuh Brata ritual''' is performed for all Hindus to forgive each other and to welcome the new days to come.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tradisi Ngembak Geni dan Maknanya Bagi Umat Hindu |trans-title=Ngembak Geni/Agni Tradition nand Its Meaning for Hindus |url=https://www.suara.com/news/2021/03/15/192823/tradisi-ngembak-geni-dan-maknanya-bagi-umat-hindu |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=suara.com |language=id}}</ref>
* Sixth and finally, the '''Dharma Shanti Rituals''' are performed after all the Nyepi rituals are finished.<ref name="pelak"/>
* Sixth and finally, the '''Dharma Shanti rituals''' are performed after all the Nyepi rituals are finished.<ref name="pelak"/>


== Dates ==
== Dates ==
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==Related festivals==
==Related festivals==
The festival is related to those observed by Hindus in the [[Indian subcontinent]], though, due to the different calendars, the dates are not the same. For example, the Hindus of [[Maharashtra]] term their new years [[Gudi Padwa]] ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: गुढी पाडवा). The Sindhis, people from [[Sindh]], celebrate it as [[Cheti Chand]], which is the beginning of their calendar year. [[Meitei people|Manipuris]] also celebrate their New Year as [[Sajibu nongma panba|Sajibu Nongma Panba]]. The Hindus of [[ Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] also celebrate their new year as [[Ugadi]].
The festival is related to those observed by Hindus in the [[Indian subcontinent]], though, due to the different calendars, the dates are not the same. For example, the Hindus of [[Maharashtra]] term their new years [[Gudi Padwa]] ([[Marathi language|Marathi]]: गुढी पाडवा). The Sindhis, people from [[Sindh]], celebrate it as [[Cheti Chand]], which is the beginning of their calendar year. [[Meitei people|Manipuris]] also celebrate their New Year as [[Sajibu nongma panba|Sajibu Nongma Panba]]. The Hindus of[[ Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Karnataka]] also celebrate their new year as [[Ugadi]].


==Security==
==Security==
Security is provided by the usual [[hansip]], while the [[pecalang]] are redirected into security roles from their usual mundane tasks like traffic coordination to beef up the local security. These two security forces report to local village heads. In 2017, it is reported islandwide that some 22,000 pecalang are taking part for Nyepi.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://jakartaglobe.id/news/balinese-hindus-to-parade-7000-giant-puppets-ahead-of-nyepi-celebration/ |title = Balinese Hindus to Parade 7,000 Giant Puppets Ahead of Nyepi Celebration}}</ref> National police also take part, but naturally ultimately report to Jakarta rather than the village or regency level.
Security is provided by the usual [[hansip]], while the [[pecalang]] are redirected into security roles from their usual mundane tasks like traffic coordination to beef up the local security. These two security forces report to local village heads. In 2017, it is reported islandwide that some 22,000 pecalang are taking part for Nyepi.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://jakartaglobe.id/news/balinese-hindus-to-parade-7000-giant-puppets-ahead-of-nyepi-celebration/ |title = Balinese Hindus to Parade 7,000 Giant Puppets Ahead of Nyepi Celebration}}</ref> National police also take part, but naturally ultimately report to Jakarta rather than the village or regency level.


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 00:35, 13 March 2024

Nyepi
A Balinese beach at Nyepi
Also calledDay of silence
Observed byBalinese Hinduism
TypeHindus, cultural
CelebrationsPerform tapa brata penyepian
ObservancesPrayers, religious rituals, fasting
Begins6 AM
Ends6 AM the next day.
DateHindu Balinese Saka
Kedasa 1
2023 date22 March
2024 date11 March

Nyepi is a Balinese "Day of Silence" that is commemorated every Isakawarsa (Saka new year) according to the Balinese calendar (in 2024, it falls on March 11). It is a Balinese celebration mainly celebrated in Bali, Indonesia.

Nyepi, a public holiday in Indonesia, is a day of silence, fasting and meditation for the Balinese. The day following Nyepi is also celebrated as New Year's Day.[1][2] After Nyepi, youths of Bali in the village of Sesetan in South Bali practice the ceremony of omed-omedan or 'The Kissing Ritual' to celebrate the new year.[3]

Observed from 6 a.m. until 6 a.m. the next morning, Nyepi is a day reserved for self-reflection, and as such, anything that might interfere with that purpose is restricted. The main restrictions are no lighting fires (and lights must be kept low); no working; no entertainment or pleasure; no traveling; and, for some, no talking or eating at all.

The effect of these prohibitions is that Bali's usually bustling streets and roads are empty, there is little or no noise from TVs and radios, limited access to Internet and few signs of activity are seen even inside homes. The only people to be seen outdoors are the pecalang, traditional security men who patrol the streets to ensure the prohibitions are being followed.

Although Nyepi is primarily a Hindu holiday, non-Hindu residents and tourists are not exempt from the restrictions in Bali. Although they are free to do as they wish inside their hotels, no one is allowed onto the beaches or streets, and the only airport in Bali remains closed for the entire day.

On the afternoon and evening before Nyepi, accessibility on roads is limited. Many local roads are closed for the parade in the evening, making it difficult to navigate by car or scooter.

The indirectly-state-owned consumer communications provider Telkomsel shuts down all internet access, while privately owned ISPs remain operational. Some hotels/resorts choose to shut down WiFi coverage, while others choose to let it remain operational.

Electricity remains operational in Bali, while being shut off in Nusa Penida (2023).

The only exceptions granted are for emergency vehicles responding to life-threatening conditions and women going into labor.[4][5]

On the day after Nyepi, known as Ngembak Geni (Relighting the Fire), social activity picks up again quickly, as families and friends gather to ask forgiveness from one another, and to perform certain religious rituals together. Fires and electricity are allowed again, and cooking of food resumes. Nyepi can be traced as far back as 78 A.D.[6]

Rituals

Tawur Kesanga, a ritual procession on the eve of Nyepi, celebrated a day before. The children carry flame torches that are used to light bonfires which symbolically burn ogoh-ogoh statues.[7][6]
  • First, the Melasti ritual is performed 3–4 days beforehand. It is dedicated to Sanghyang Widhi Wasa. The ritual is performed in several puras (Balinese temple) near the sea and beaches. It is meant to purify Arca, Pratima, and Pralingga (sacred objects) belonging to several temples, also to acquire sacred water from the sea.[8][9]
  • Second, the Bhuta Yajna ritual is performed in order to vanquish the negative elements and create a balance with God, mankind, and nature. The ritual is also meant to appease Batara Kala by Pecaruan offering of live animal sacrifice. Around sunset the "Pengrupukan" ceremony begins in the house compounds with the noisy banging of pots and pans and bamboo tubes along with burning of dried coconut leaf torches to drive out the demons.[10]
The last day of the year includes processions of Bhuta (demons, above), followed by Nyepi, the festival of silence.

Most Hindu Balinese villages make Ogoh-ogoh, demonic statues made of richly painted bamboo, cloth, tinsel, and styrofoam symbolising negative elements or malevolent spirits or even characters from Hindu mythology. After the Ogoh-ogoh have been paraded around the village, they are burned in the cemeteries although many are displayed in front of community halls for another month or more and sometimes even purchased by museums and collectors.

A deserted street at Nyepi
  • Third, the Nyepi rituals are performed as follows:[11]
    1. Amati Geni: No fire or light, including no electricity
    2. Amati Karya: No working
    3. Amati Lelunganan: No travelling
    4. Amati Lelanguan: No revelry/self-entertainment
  • Fourth, the Yoga/Brata ritual starts at 6:00 a.m. and continues to 6:00 a.m. the next day.
  • Fifth, the Ngembak Agni/Labuh Brata ritual is performed for all Hindus to forgive each other and to welcome the new days to come.[12]
  • Sixth and finally, the Dharma Shanti rituals are performed after all the Nyepi rituals are finished.[4]

Dates

CE year Balinese
year 		Nyepi date
2022 1944 3 March
2023 1945 22 March
2024 1946 11 March
2025 1947 29 March
2026 1948 19 March

The festival is related to those observed by Hindus in the Indian subcontinent, though, due to the different calendars, the dates are not the same. For example, the Hindus of Maharashtra term their new years Gudi Padwa (Marathi: गुढी पाडवा). The Sindhis, people from Sindh, celebrate it as Cheti Chand, which is the beginning of their calendar year. Manipuris also celebrate their New Year as Sajibu Nongma Panba. The Hindus ofAndhra Pradesh and Karnataka also celebrate their new year as Ugadi.

Security

Security is provided by the usual hansip, while the pecalang are redirected into security roles from their usual mundane tasks like traffic coordination to beef up the local security. These two security forces report to local village heads. In 2017, it is reported islandwide that some 22,000 pecalang are taking part for Nyepi.[13] National police also take part, but naturally ultimately report to Jakarta rather than the village or regency level.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hogue, Thomas (2006-03-24). "In Bali, a holiday for the ears". The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2011-03-07.
  2. ^ Onishi, Norimitsu (2011-03-06). "Silence Befalls Bali, but Only for a Day". The New York Times. New York. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2011-03-07.
  3. ^ "Upacara omed-omedan: Ritual Ciuman Unik Khas Bali" ["Omed-omedan ceremony: Bali's Unique Kissing Ritual"] (in Indonesian). travelesia.co. Archived from the original on 2014-06-06. Retrieved 6 June 2014.
  4. ^ a b "Pelaksanaan Hari Raya Nyepi di Indonesia". Babad Bali. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
  5. ^ Greg Rodgers. "The Balinese Day of Silence". About.com. Retrieved 30 July 2015.
  6. ^ a b Nyepi: Bali's day of Silence Culture, Bali & Indonesia (2009)
  7. ^ "Bali Travel Stories". Lonely Planet. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 2013-11-04.
  8. ^ Post, The Jakarta. "Thousands flock to Bali's beaches for Melasti purification ritual - National". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2024-03-12.
  9. ^ Bureau, ABP News (2022-02-28). "What Is Melasti? The Hindu 'Purification Festival' Celebrated Ahead Of Balinese New Year Nyepi Day". news.abplive.com. Retrieved 2024-03-12. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ "Nyepi in Bali - Experiencing the Balinese Day of Silence". Bali.com. Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  11. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (2022-03-01). "4 Pantangan saat Nyepi di Bali" [4 Taboos during Nyepi in Bali]. KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  12. ^ "Tradisi Ngembak Geni dan Maknanya Bagi Umat Hindu" [Ngembak Geni/Agni Tradition nand Its Meaning for Hindus]. suara.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2024-03-13.
  13. ^ "Balinese Hindus to Parade 7,000 Giant Puppets Ahead of Nyepi Celebration".
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