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==Appearance==
==Appearance==


Dogs (males) are usually 71 to 76 [[centimeters|cm]] (28 to 30 [[inches]]) tall at the [[withers]] and weigh around 27 to 40 [[kilograms|kg]] (70 to 100 [[Pound (mass)|pound]]s). Bitches (females) tend to be smaller with shoulder heights ranging from 68 to 71 cm (27 to 28 inches) and weights from less than 27 to 34 kg (60 to 75 pounds). Greyhounds have very short hair, which is fairly easy to maintain. There are approximately thirty recognized color forms, of which variations of white, brindle, fawn, black, red and blue (gray) can appear uniquely or in combination.<ref>[http://www.akc.org/breeds/greyhound/color_markings.cfm American Kennel Club - Breed Colors and Markings<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
Dogs (males) are usually 71 to 76 [[centimeters|cm]] (28 to 30 [[inches]]) tall at the [[withers]] and weigh around 27 to 40 [[kilograms|kg]] (70 to 100 [[Pound (mass)|pound]]s). Bitches (females) tend to be smaller with shoulder heights ranging from 68 to 71 cm (27 to 28 inches) and weights from less than 27 to 34 kg (60 to 75 pounds). Greyhounds have very short hair, which is easy to maintain. There are approximately thirty recognized color forms, of which variations of white, brindle, fawn, black, red and blue (gray) can appear uniquely or in combination.<ref>[http://www.akc.org/breeds/greyhound/color_markings.cfm American Kennel Club - Breed Colors and Markings<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


==Temperament==
==Temperament==

Revision as of 12:52, 22 February 2008

For other uses, see [[:the breed of dog. For the US bus service, see Greyhound Lines]].
Greyhound
Greyhound
Other namesEnglish Greyhound
OriginUncertain; possibly England or Egypt
Kennel club standards
Fédération Cynologique Internationale standard
Dog (domestic dog)

The Greyhound is a breed of dog that has been primarily bred for companionship[citation needed], coursing game and racing. A combination of long, powerful legs, deep chest and aerodynamic build allows it to reach speeds of up to 72 km/h (45 mph)[1] in less than one and a half seconds, or within 3 strides. [citation needed]

History

Greyhounds unleashed in Paolo Uccello's Night hunt (Ashmolean Museum)

Popularly, the breed's origin can be traced to ancient Egypt, where a bas-relief depicting a smooth-coated Saluki (Persian Greyhound) or Sloughi was found in a tomb built in 4000 BC. Analyses of DNA reported in 2004, however, suggest that the greyhound is not closely related to these breeds, but is a close relative to herding dogs.[2][3]

Historically, these sight hounds were used primarily for hunting in the open where their keen eyesight is valuable. It is believed that they (or at least similarly-named dogs) were introduced to the area now known as the United Kingdom in the 5th and 6th century BC from Celtic mainland Europe although the Picts and other hunter gatherer tribes of the Northern area (now known as Scotland) were believed to have had large hounds similar to that of the deerhound before the 6th century BC.[citation needed]

The name "greyhound" is generally believed to come from the Old English grighund. "Hund" is the antecedent of the modern "hound", but the meaning of "grig" is undetermined, other than in reference to dogs in Old English and Norse. Its origin does not appear to have any common root with the modern word "grey" for colour, and indeed the greyhound is seen with a wide variety of coats.[citation needed] This may be confusing, however, as the deerhound and wolfhound are more commonly grey in colour and possibly the true origins of the greyhound.[citation needed] It is known that in England during the medieval period, Lords and Royalty keen to own greyhounds for sport, requested they be bred to colour variants that made them easier to view and identify in pursuit of their quarry. [citation needed]The lighter colours, patch Like markings and white appeared in the breed that was once ordinarily grey in colour. The greyhound is the only dog mentioned by name in the Bible.[4]

According to Pokorny[5] the English name "greyhound" does not mean "gray dog/hound", but simply "fair dog". Subsequent words have been derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *g'her- 'shine, twinkle': English gray, Old High German gris 'grey, old', Old Icelandic griss 'piglet, pig', Old Icelandic gryja 'to dawn', gryjandi 'morning twilight', Old Irish grian 'sun', Old Church Slavonic zorja 'morning twilight, brightness'. The common sense of these words is 'to shine; bright'.

Racing

Main article: Greyhound racing

Until the early twentieth century, greyhounds were principally bred and trained for coursing. During the early 1920s, modern greyhound racing was introduced into the United States and introduced into United Kingdom and Ireland in 1926.[citation needed] The greyhound holds the record for fastest recorded dog (although some experts think the Saluki might be faster still, as they were bred to hunt the fastest bred of antelope: the Gazelle).

Greyhounds are one of the fastest animals on land.[citation needed]

Appearance

Dogs (males) are usually 71 to 76 cm (28 to 30 inches) tall at the withers and weigh around 27 to 40 kg (70 to 100 pounds). Bitches (females) tend to be smaller with shoulder heights ranging from 68 to 71 cm (27 to 28 inches) and weights from less than 27 to 34 kg (60 to 75 pounds). Greyhounds have very short hair, which is easy to maintain. There are approximately thirty recognized color forms, of which variations of white, brindle, fawn, black, red and blue (gray) can appear uniquely or in combination.[6]

Temperament

A male brindle Greyhound

Although greyhounds are extremely fast and athletic, and despite their reputation as racing dogs, they are not high-energy dogs. They are sprinters, and although they love running, they do not require extensive exercise. Most are quiet, gentle animals. An adult greyhound will stay healthy and happy with a daily walk of as little as 20 to 30 minutes. Greyhounds are often referred to as "Forty-five mile per hour couch potatoes."[citation needed]

Greyhounds as pets

Greyhound owners and adoption groups generally consider greyhounds to be wonderful pets.[7] They are pack-oriented dogs, which means that they will quickly adopt humans into their pack as alpha. They can get along well with children, dogs and other family pets (though are sometimes not safe with smaller pet animals or untrained children).[8] Rescued racing Greyhounds occasionally develop separation anxiety when re-housed or when their new owners have to leave them alone for a period of time (the addition of a second greyhound often solves this problem). [9]

Greyhounds bark very little, which helps in suburban environments, and are usually as friendly to strangers as they are with their own family.[10] The most common misconception concerning greyhounds is that they are hyperactive. In retired racing greyhounds it is usually the opposite. Young greyhounds that have never been taught how to utilize the energy they are bred with, can be hyperactive and destructive if not given an outlet, and require more experienced handlers. [citation needed]

Greyhound Adoption groups generally require owners to keep their greyhounds on-leash at all times, except in fully enclosed areas.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Partially this is due to their prey-drive, partially their speed and partially because Greyhounds have no road sense.[19] Due to their strength, adoption groups recommend that fences be between 4 and 6 feet, to prevent them being able to jump.[20]

Greyhounds do not have undercoats and therefore are less likely to trigger people's dog allergies (Greyhounds are sometimes incorrectly referred to as "hypoallergenic"). Not having an undercoat, coupled with their lack of body fat, also means they are more susceptible to extreme temperature (heat and cold). Most sources recommend that Greyhounds be housed inside.[21]

Greyhounds are very sensitive to insecticides.[22] Many vets do not recommend the use of flea collars or flea spray on greyhounds unless it is a pyrethrin-based product. Products like Advantage, Frontline, Lufenuron, and Amitraz are safe for use on Greyhounds and are very effective in controlling fleas and ticks. [23]

It is often believed that Greyhounds need a large living space, however, they can thrive small spaces. Due to their temperament, Greyhounds make better "apartment dogs" then some of the smaller hyperactive breeds [citation needed].

Welfare

Greyhound racing

In the late 20th century several Greyhound adoption groups were formed. The early groups were formed in large part out of a sense of concern about the treatment of the dogs while living on the track. These groups began taking greyhounds from the racetracks when they could no longer compete and placing them in adoptive homes.[citation needed] Prior to the formation of these groups, in the United States over 20,000 retired greyhounds a year were euthanized; recent estimates still number in the thousands, with about 90% of National Greyhound Association-registered animals either being adopted, or returned for breeding purposes (according to the industry numbers upwards of 2000 dogs are still killed annually in the US while anti-racing groups estimating the figure at closer to 12,000.).[24]

Accidents and disease are also common killers among racing greyhounds. In 2005, an epidemic of respiratory failure killed dozens of dogs and left over 1200 quarantined in the U.S., particularly in Massachusetts, Colorado, Iowa and Rhode Island[citation needed].

The vast majority of greyhounds are bred for racing (registered with the National Greyhound Association or NGA), leading American Kennel Club registered dogs about 150:1[citation needed]. Each NGA dog is issued a Bertillon card, which measures 56 distinct identifying traits with the Bertillon number tattooed on the dog's ear to prove identity during their racing career. [citation needed]

Not all dogs bred for racing are able to do so, due to speed, temperament, or physical problems. Most NGA greyhounds finish racing between two and five years of age. Some retired racing greyhounds have injuries that may follow them for the remainder of their lives, although the vast majority are healthy and can live long lives after their racing careers are over.[citation needed]

There are currently two online databases to easily lookup or search for all past and present registered dogs: Greyhound-Data.com and Rosnet2000.com Dogs can be searched by their Bertillon number, race name, and other attributes. Data includes dog photos, race statistics, and pedigree.

Health

Greyhound in flight

Greyhounds are typically a healthy and long-lived breed, and hereditary illness is rare. Some Greyhounds have been known to develop esophageal achalasia, Bloat (gastric torsion), and osteosarcoma.[25] Because the Greyhound's lean physique makes it ill-suited to sleeping on hard surfaces, owners of companion Greyhounds generally provide soft bedding; without bedding, Greyhounds are prone to develop painful skin sores. Greyhounds typically live 10–13 years.[26]

Due to the unique physiology and anatomy of greyhounds, a veterinarian who understands the issues relevant to the breed is generally needed when the dogs need treatment, particularly when anaesthesia is required. Greyhounds cannot metabolize barbiturate-based anesthesia as other breeds can because they have lower amounts of oxidative enzymes in their livers.[27] Greyhounds demonstrate unusual blood chemistry, which can be misread by veterinarians not familiar with the breed; this can result in an incorrect diagnosis. Greyhounds have higher levels of red blood cells than other breeds. Since red blood cells carry oxygen to the muscles, this higher level allows the hound to move larger quantities of oxygen faster from the lungs to the muscles.[28] Veterinary blood services often use greyhounds as universal blood donors.[29].

Miscellaneous

Cultural references to Greyhounds

Simpson's Santa's Little Helper

A widely recognized greyhound in popular culture is the fictional character Santa's Little Helper from the animated series, The Simpsons.

The character, Santa's Little Helper, exhibits many of the intellectual and behavioural characteristics of the typical greyhound as a pet. He is portrayed as affectionate, tolerant of other household pets (notably cats), loyal, and not overly active.

Don Quixote

In the novel Don Quixote, by Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, the protagonist imagined that his flea bitten mutt was a fine Greyhound.

Greyhound Bus

The Greyhound Lines bus company, in keeping with their logo which sports a racing greyhound, occasionally airs television commercials starring a talking computer-generated greyhound. The greyhound in these commercial shorts is often noted for his dry, deadpan wit. In holiday season commercials, the greyhound also sings about fare discounts, the song being set to a christmas carol.

Anatomy

The key to the speed of a Greyhound can be found in its streamlined shape, large lungs, heart and muscles, the double suspension gallop and the flexibility of the spine (which is often called—incorrectly—hinged). "Double suspension gallop" describes the racing gait of the Greyhound, in which all four feet are off the ground twice during each full stride.

Sports

The Greyhound is often used as a mascot by sports teams, both professional and amateur, as well as many college and highschool teams.

Professional
College

Other

  • In Australia, racing Greyhounds are commonly known in slang terminology as "Dish Lickers" (e.g., "I just won 50 bucks at the Dish Lickers").

See also

References

  1. ^ http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0004737.html
  2. ^ Mark Derr (May 21, 2004). "Collie or Pug? Study Finds the Genetic Code". The New York Times.
  3. ^ Parker et al (May 21, 2004). "Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog". Science volume 304, pp. 1160–4.
  4. ^ Proverbs 30:29–31 King James version.
  5. ^ Pokorny, Indogermanisches Woerterbuch, pp. 441–2.
  6. ^ American Kennel Club - Breed Colors and Markings
  7. ^ NZKC - Breed Standard - Greyhound - Hound
  8. ^ Livingood, Lee (2000). Retired Racing Greyhounds for Dummies, p. 19-22. IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., Foster City, CA. ISBN 0764552767.
  9. ^ Livingood, Lee (2000). Retired Racing Greyhounds for Dummies, p. 143-144. IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., Foster City, CA. ISBN 0764552767.
  10. ^ Branigan, Cynthia A. (1998). Adopting the Racing Greyhound, p. 17-18. Howell Book House, New York. ISBN 087605193X.
  11. ^ Greyhound Adoption League of Texas, Inc. - About the Athletes
  12. ^ http://www.greyhoundadoption.org/downloads/foster/FosterManual.pdf
  13. ^ FAQ
  14. ^ Greyhound Adoption Program - Is a Greyhound right for you?
  15. ^ How Safe is an Off-Lead Run? [Adopt a Greyhound]
  16. ^ CompassionforGreyhounds.org :: View topic - Leash Rules
  17. ^ Greyhound Angels Adoption
  18. ^ Mid-South Greyhound Adoption Option
  19. ^ GRV Clubs - GAP
  20. ^ Greyhound Adoption League of Texas, Inc. - About the Athletes
  21. ^ Blythe, Linda, Gannon, James, Craig, A. Morrie, and Fegan, Desmond P. (2007). Care of the Racing and Retired Greyhound, p. 394. American Greyhound Council, Inc., Kansas. ISBN 0964145634.
  22. ^ Branigan, Cynthia A. (1998). Adopting the Racing Greyhound, p. 99-101. Howell Book House, New York. ISBN 087605193X.
  23. ^ Branigan, Cynthia A. (1998). Adopting the Racing Greyhound, p. 101-103. Howell Book House, New York. ISBN 087605193X.
  24. ^ Greyhound Racing Accociation media kit: The referenced industry figures do not include information about unregistered litters, nor outcomes for dogs after they finished as breeding dogs. The statistics vary depending on the reporting organization. According to the Greyhound Network News one page fact sheet estimates that of the 26,600 greyhounds that were no longer racing in 2005, 45% of them were euthanized by either groups that could not adopt them out or by the dog breeders via farm culling.
  25. ^ Greyhound Care, Breeder Retriever. URL dated December 13, 2006.
  26. ^ Coile, Caroline, Ph. D., Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds, Barron's Educational Series, 2005, p. 77.
  27. ^ Blythe, Linda, Gannon, James, Craig, A. Morrie, and Fegan, Desmond P. (2007). Care of the Racing and Retired Greyhound, p. 416. American Greyhound Council, Inc., Kansas. ISBN 0964145634.
  28. ^ Blythe, Linda, Gannon, James, Craig, A. Morrie, and Fegan, Desmond P. (2007). Care of the Racing and Retired Greyhound, p. 82. American Greyhound Council, Inc., Kansas. ISBN 0964145634.
  29. ^ United Blood Services article about Greyhounds as blood donors.
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