E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: Difference between revisions

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
	Original 1982 theatrical poster by John Alvin
Directed by	Steven Spielberg
Written by	Melissa Mathison
Produced by	Steven Spielberg; Kathleen Kennedy
Starring	Henry Thomas; Dee Wallace; Robert MacNaughton; Drew Barrymore; Peter Coyote
Cinematography	Allen Daviau
Edited by	Carol Littleton
Music by	John Williams
Distributed by	Universal Pictures
Release dates	June 11, 1982
Running time	115 min. (1982); 120 min. (2002: 20th anniversary edition)
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	US$10,500,000 (estimated)
Box office	$792,910,554

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E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 science fiction film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg, written by Melissa Mathison and starring Henry Thomas, Robert MacNaughton, Drew Barrymore, Dee Wallace and Peter Coyote. It tells the story of Elliott (played by Thomas), a lonely boy who befriends a friendly alien, dubbed "E.T.", who is stranded on Earth. Elliott and his siblings help the alien return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government.

The concept for E.T. came from an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents' divorce. When work on Night Skies stalled, Spielberg met screenwriter Melissa Mathison, whom he hired to pen the script for E.T. The film was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US $10.5 million. Unlike most motion pictures, the film was shot in roughly chronological order, to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast.

Released by Universal Pictures, E.T. was blockbuster, surpassing Star Wars to become the most financially successful film released to that point. Critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship, ranking it as best science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes poll. The alien became the subject of analogies for Jesus. The film was rereleased in 1985, and in 2002 with altered special effects and additional scenes. Spielberg believes E.T. epitomizes his work.^[3]

Plot

The film opens in a California forest as a group of alien botanists collect vegetation samples. U.S. government agents appear and the aliens flee in their spaceship, leaving one of their own behind in their haste. The scene shifts to a suburban California home, where a boy named Elliott plays servant to his older brother, Michael, and his friends. As he fetches pizza, Elliott discovers the stranded alien, who promptly flees. Despite his family's disbelief, Elliott leaves Reese's Pieces candy in the forest to lure it into his bedroom. Before he goes to bed, Elliott notices the alien imitating his movements.

Elliott feigns illness the next morning to avoid school so he can play with the alien. That afternoon, Michael and their younger sister, Gertie, meet the alien. Their mother, Mary, hears the noise and comes upstairs. Michael, Gertie, and the alien hide in the closet while Elliott reassures her everything is all right. Michael and Gertie promise to keep the alien a secret from their mother. Deciding to keep the alien, the children begin to ask it about its origin. It answers by levitating balls to represent its solar system, and further demonstrates its powers by reviving a dead plant. At school, Elliott begins to experience a psychic connection with the alien. Elliott becomes irrational due partly to the alien's intoxication from drinking Coors beer and he begins freeing all the frogs from a dissection class. As the alien watches John Wayne kiss Maureen O'Hara in The Quiet Man, Elliott's psychic link causes him to kiss a girl he likes in the same manner.

The alien learns to speak English by repeating what Gertie says in response to her watching Sesame Street and, through Elliott's urging, dubs itself E.T. It enlists Elliott's help in building a device to "phone home" by using a Speak & Spell. Michael starts to notice that E.T.'s health is declining and that Elliott is referring to himself as "we". On Halloween, Michael and Elliott dress E.T. as a ghost so they can sneak it out of the house. Elliott and E.T. ride a bicycle to the forest, where E.T. makes a successful call home. The next morning, Elliott wakes up to find E.T. gone, and returns home to his distressed family. Michael finds E.T. dying in the forest, and takes him to Elliott, who is also dying. Mary becomes frightened when she discovers her son's illness and the dying alien, before government agents invade the house.

Scientists set up a medical facility in the house, quarantining Elliott and E.T. The link between E.T. and Elliott disappears as E.T. appears to die. Elliott is left alone with the motionless alien when he notices a dead flower, the plant E.T. had previous revived, coming back to life. E.T. reanimates and reveals that its people are returning. Elliott and Michael steal a van that E.T. had been loaded into and a chase ensues, with Michael's friends joining Elliott and E.T.'s bicycled evasion of the authorities. Suddenly facing a dead-end, they escape as E.T.'s telekinesis lifts them into the air and toward the forest. E.T. stands near the spaceship, his heart glowing as he readies to return home. Mary, Gertie and Keys, a government agent, show up. E.T. says goodbye to Michael and Gertie, and before entering the spaceship, tells Elliott "I'll be right here," pointing its glowing finger to Elliott's forehead.

Cast

File:ETKidcast.jpg

From left: Henry Thomas as Elliott, Drew Barrymore as Gertie, and Robert MacNaughton as Michael

Henry Thomas as Elliott, a lonely ten-year-old boy who is picked on by his older brother. Elliott longs for a good friend, and finds the friend in E.T. Elliott adopts the stranded alien and forms a mental, physical, and emotional bond with it.
Robert MacNaughton as Michael, Elliott's football playing sixteen-year-old brother who often picks on him.
Drew Barrymore as Gertie, Elliott's mischievous seven-year-old sister. She is sarcastic and initially terrified of E.T., but grows to love him.
Dee Wallace as Mary, the children's mother, coming off a recent separation from her husband. She is mostly oblivious to the alien's presence in her household.
Peter Coyote as "Keys", a government agent dubbed as such because of key rings that prominently hang from his belt. He tells Elliott that he has waited to see an alien since the age of 10.
K. C. Martel, Sean Frye and C. Thomas Howell as Greg, Steve and Tyler. They are Michael's friends and help Elliott and E.T. evade the authorities during the film's climax.
Erika Eleniak as the young girl Elliott kisses in class.

Spielberg auditioned more than 300 children for the roles.^[4] Having worked with Cary Guffey on Close Encounters of the Third Kind, he felt confident in working with a cast composed mostly of child actors, rather than young adults.^[5] Robert Fisk suggested Henry Thomas for the role of Elliott.^[6] Thomas, who auditioned in an Indiana Jones costume, did not perform well in the formal testing, but he got the filmmakers' attention in an improvised scene.^[5] Thoughts of his dead dog inspired his convincing tears.^[7] MacNaughton auditioned eight times to play Michael, sometimes with boys auditioning for Elliott. Spielberg felt Drew Barrymore had the right imagination for the film after she impressed him with a story that she led a punk rock band.^[6] Spielberg enjoyed working with the children, noting that the experience made him feel ready to become a father.^[8]

Debra Winger provided sounds for E.T., but the alien was actually voiced by Pat Welsh, an elderly woman who lived in Marin County, California. Welsh smoked two packets of cigarettes a day, which gave her voice a quality which sound effects creator Ben Burtt liked. She spent nine-and-a-half hours recording her part, and was paid $380 by Burtt for her services.^[9] Burtt also credited sixteen other people and various animals to E.T.'s "voice". These included recordings of his sleeping wife, who had a cold, a burp from his USC film professor, and racoons, sea otters and horses.^[10]

Doctors working at the USC Medical Center were recruited by Spielberg to play the doctors who try to save E.T. after government agents take over Elliott's home, as he felt actors playing doctors and reading lines of technical dialog would feel unnatural.^[8] During post-production, Spielberg decided to cut a scene featuring Harrison Ford as Elliott's principal. The scene featured Elliott being reprimanded for his behavior in science class, and saw Elliott's chair being levitated while E.T. was levitating his "phone" equipment up the staircase with Gertie.^[6]

Production

After his parents' divorce in 1960, Spielberg filled the void with an imaginary alien companion. Spielberg said that E.T. was "a friend who could be the brother I never had and a father that I didn't feel I had anymore."^[11] During 1978, Spielberg announced he would shoot a film entitled Growing Up, which he would film in twenty-eight days. The project was set aside because of delays on 1941, but the concept of making a small autobiographical film about childhood would stay with Spielberg.^[9] He also thought about a follow-up to Close Encounters of the Third Kind, and began to develop a darker project he had planned with John Sayles called Night Skies in which malevolent aliens terrorize a family.^[9]

Filming Raiders of the Lost Ark in Tunisia left Spielberg bored, and memories of his childhood creation resurfaced.^[12] He told screenwriter Melissa Mathison about Night Skies, and developed a subplot from the failed project, in which Buddy, the only friendly alien, befriends an autistic child. Buddy's abandonment on Earth in the script's final scene inspired the E.T. concept.^[12] Mathison wrote a first draft titled E.T. and Me^[12] in eight weeks, which Spielberg considered perfect.^[6] The script went through two more drafts, which deleted a "Eddie Haskell"-esque friend of Elliott. The chase sequence was also created, and Spielberg also suggested having the scene where E.T. got drunk.^[9] Columbia Pictures, which had been producing Night Skies, met Spielberg to discuss the script. The studio passed on it, calling it "a wimpy Walt Disney movie," so Spielberg approached the more receptive Sid Sheinberg, president of MCA.^[13]

Ed Varreaux created a $700,000 prototype for E.T., which Spielberg deemed useless.^[9] Carlo Rambaldi, who designed the aliens for Spielberg's Close Encounters of the Third Kind, was hired to design the animatronics of E.T. Rambaldi's own painting Women of Delta led him to give the creature a unique, extendable neck.^[6] The creature's face was inspired by the faces of Carl Sandburg, Albert Einstein, and Ernest Hemingway.^[14] Producer Kathleen Kennedy visited the Jules Stein Eye Institute to study real and glass eyeballs. She hired people from the Institute to create E.T.'s eyes, which she felt were particularly important in engaging the audience.^[5] Four E.T. heads were created for filming, one as the main animatronic and the others for facial expressions, as well as a costume.^[14] Two dwarfs, Tamara De Treaux and Pat Bilon,^[9] as well as 12-year-old Matthew De Meritt, a boy born without legs,^[15] took turns wearing the costume, depending on what scene was being filmed.^[6] Caprice Roth, a professional mime, filled prosthetics to play E.T.'s hands.^[5] The finished creature was created in three months at the cost of $1.5 million.^[16] Spielberg declared it "something that only a mother could love."^[6] Mars, Incorporated found E.T. so ugly that they refused to have M&M's used in the film, believing E.T. would frighten children. This allowed Hershey's the opportunity to market Reese's Pieces.^[17]

E.T. began shooting in September 1981.^[18] The project was filmed under the title A Boy's Life to keep production a secret, as Spielberg did not want anyone to discover and plagiarize the plot. The actors had to read the script behind closed doors, and everyone on set had to wear an ID card.^[5] The shoot began with two days at a high school in Culver City, and the crew spent the next eleven days moving between locations at Northridge and Tujunga.^[9] The next forty-two days were spent at Laird International Studios in Culver City, for the interiors of Elliott's home. The crew shot at a redwood forest near Crescent City for the last six days of production.^[9]^[12] Spielberg shot the film in roughly chronological order to achieve convincingly emotional performances from his cast. In the scene when Michael first encounters the alien, the creature's appearance caused MacNaughton to jump back and knock down the shelves behind him. The chronological shoot gave the young actors an emotional experience as they bonded with E.T., making the hospital sequences more moving.^[8] Spielberg ensured the puppeteers kept away from the set to maintain the illusion of a real alien. For the first time in his career, he did not storyboard most of the film, in order to allow spontaneity in the performances.^[18] The film was shot so adults, except for Dee Wallace, are never seen from the waist up in the first half of the film, as a tribute to the cartoons of Tex Avery.^[6] The shoot was completed after sixty-one days, which was four days ahead of schedule.^[12]

Longtime Spielberg collaborator John Williams composed the score for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. Williams described his challenge on this project as creating a score that would create sympathy for an odd-looking creature like E.T. As with their previous collaborations, Spielberg liked every theme Williams composed and had it included. Spielberg loved the music for the final chase so much that he edited the sequence to suit it.^[19]

Themes

Spielberg drew the story of E.T. from the divorce of his own parents;^[20] Gary Arnold of the Washington Post called the film "essentially a spiritual autobiography, a portrait of the filmmaker as a typical suburban kid set apart by an uncommonly fervent, mystical imagination."^[21] Reflections of Steven Spielberg's childhood are seen throughout: Elliott feigns illness by holding his thermometer to a light bulb while covering his face with a heating pad, which was a trick frequently employed by the young Spielberg.^[22] Michael's picking on Elliott echoes Spielberg's teasing of his younger sisters,^[6] and Michael's evolution from tormentor to protector reflects how Spielberg had to take care of his sisters after their father left.^[8]

Critics have focused on the parallels between the life of E.T. and Elliott, who is "alienated" by the loss of his father.^[23]^[24] New York Times film critic A.O. Scott wrote that while E.T. "is the more obvious and desperate foundling," Elliott "suffers in his own way from the want of a home."^[25] At the film's heart is the theme of growing up. Critic Henry Sheehan described the film as a retelling of Peter Pan from the perspective of a Lost Boy (Elliott).^[26] E.T. cannot survive physically on Earth, as Pan could not survive emotionally in Neverland; Neverland’s pirates are replaced by government scientists.^[26] Some critics have suggested that Spielberg's portrayal of suburbia is very dark, contrary to popular belief. A.O. Scott said, "The suburban milieu, with its unsupervised children and unhappy parents, its broken toys and brand-name junk food, could have come out of a Raymond Carver story",^[25] and Charles Taylor of Salon.com said, "Spielberg's movies, despite the way they're often characterized, are not Hollywood idealizations of families and the suburbs. The homes here bear what the cultural critic Karal Ann Marling called 'the marks of hard use.'"^[20]

Spielberg admitted this scene triggered speculation as to whether the film was a religious parable.^[27]

Other critics found religious parallels between E.T. and Jesus Christ.^[28]^[29] Andrew Nigels described the story of E.T. as "[c]rucifixion by military science" and "[r]esurrection by love and faith".^[30] According to Spielberg biographer Joseph McBride, Universal Studios appealed directly to the Christian market, with a poster reminiscent of Michelangelo's Creation of Adam and a logo reading "Peace".^[12] Spielberg answered that he did not intend the film to be a religious parable, joking, "If I ever went to my mother and said, 'Mom, I've made this movie that's a Christian parable,' what do you think she'd say? She has a kosher restaurant on Pico and Doheny in Los Angeles."^[27]

As a substantial body of film criticism has built up around E.T., numerous writers have analyzed the film in other ways as well. E.T. has been analyzed as a modern fairy tale^[31] and in psychoanalytic terms.^[31]^[24] Producer Kathleen Kennedy noted that an important theme of E.T. is tolerance, which would be central to future Spielberg films such as Schindler's List.^[6] Having been a loner as a teenager, Spielberg described the film as "a minority story".^[32] Spielberg's common theme of communication is partnered with the ideal of common understanding as represented in his depiction of humans and aliens: he asks that if an alien and a human can become friends, so too can many enemies who live close to one another on Earth.^[33]

Reception

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial was previewed in Houston, Texas, where it received high marks from viewers.^[12] The film premiered at the closing gala of the May 1982 Cannes Film Festival,^[34] and was released in the United States on June 11, 1982. It opened at number one with a gross of $11 million, and stayed at the top of the box office for six weeks. It fluctuated between the first and second positions until January. By the end of its theatrical run on June 3, 1983, it had grossed $352 million domestically.^[35] Spielberg earned $500,000 a day from his share of the profits.^[36]^[37] The Hershey Company's profits rose 65% due to the film's prominent use of Reese's Pieces.^[17] The film was rereleased on July 19, 1985,^[38] and grossed $40 million domestically.^[39] E.T. was released on VHS and laserdisc on October 27, 1988; to combat piracy, the videocassettes were colored green.^[7] $75 million worth of VHS copies were sold in North America alone.^[40]

File:Ronald Reagan and Steven Spielberg 1.jpg

Spielberg with President Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan after a screening of E.T.

Critics acclaimed E.T. as a classic. Roger Ebert wrote, "This is not simply a good movie. It is one of those movies that brush away our cautions and win our hearts."^[34] Michael Sragow of Rolling Stone called Spielberg "a space age Jean Renoir.... [F]or the first time, [he] has put his breathtaking technical skills at the service of his deepest feelings."^[41] Leonard Maltin called it the best film of the year.^[42] George Will was one of the few to pan the film, feeling it spread subversive notions about childhood and science,^[43] while Vincent Canby of the New York Times criticized it for "freely recycl[ing] elements from [...] Peter Pan and The Wizard of Oz".^[44]

There were allegations that the film was plagiarized from a 1967 script, The Alien, by celebrated Bengali director Satyajit Ray. Ray stated, "E.T. would not have been possible without my script of The Alien being available throughout the United States in mimeographed copies." Spielberg denied this claim, stating, "I was a kid in high school when his script was circulating in Hollywood."^[45]

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial holds a 98% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes, making it the best reviewed science fiction film on the site.^[46] It also has a 94% rating of "universal acclaim" on Metacritic. In addition to the many impressed critics, President Ronald Reagan and first lady Nancy Reagan were moved by the film after a screening at the White House on June 27, 1982.^[37] Princess Diana was in tears after watching the film.^[6] On September 17, 1982, the film was screened at the United Nations, and Spielberg received the U.N. Peace Medal.^[47]

The film was nominated for nine Oscars at the 55th Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Gandhi won that award, but its director, Richard Attenborough, declared, "I was certain that not only would E.T. win, but that it should win. It was inventive, powerful, [and] wonderful. I make more mundane movies."^[48] It won four Academy Awards, including Best Original Music Score, Sound, Sound Effects Editing and Visual Effects. At the Golden Globes, the film won Best Picture in the Drama category and was nominated for Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best New Male Star for Henry Thomas. The Los Angeles Film Critics Association awarded the film Best Picture, Best Director and a "New Generation Award" for Melissa Mathison.^[49] Composer John Williams won a Grammy, a BAFTA, and a Golden Globe for the score. The film won Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Writing, Best Special Effects, Best Music and Best Poster Art, while Henry Thomas, Robert McNaughton, and Drew Barrymore won Young Artist Awards. E.T. was also honored abroad: the film won the Best Foreign Language Film award at the Blue Ribbon in Japan, Cinema Writers Circle Awards in Spain, César Awards in France, and David di Donatello in Italy.^[50]

In American Film Institute polls, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial has been voted the twenty-fifth greatest film of all time;^[51] the forty-fourth most thrilling;^[52] the sixth most uplifting;^[53] as having the fourteenth greatest music score;^[54] and as the third greatest science-fiction film.^[55] The quote "E.T. phone home" was listed fifteenth on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes list,^[56] and forty-eighth on Premiere's top movie quote list.^[57] E.T. has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.^[58] In 2005, the film topped a Channel 4 poll of the 100 greatest family films,^[59] and was also listed by Time as one of the 100 best films ever made.^[60] In 2003, Entertainment Weekly called the film the eighth most "tear-jerking";^[61] in 2007, in a survey of both films and television series, the magazine declared E.T. the seventh greatest work of science-fiction media in the past 25 years.^[62] The Times also named E.T. as their ninth favorite alien in a film, calling it "one of the best-loved non-humans in popular culture."^[63]

20th anniversary edition

The 20th Anniversary version of the film replaces the guns, used by the police, with walkie-talkies.

An extended version of the film released on March 22, 2002, included altered special effects. Certain shots of E.T. had bothered Spielberg since 1982, as he did not have enough time to make the animatronics fully work. Computer-generated imagery (CGI) was used to modify several shots, including ones of E.T. running in the opening sequence and being spotted in the cornfield. Spielberg also used CGI to add elements to the spaceship. Scenes shot for but not part of the original version played.^[64] The following shots were included for the first time: E.T. taking a bath, and Gertie telling Mary that Elliott went to the forest. Spielberg did not add Harrison Ford's scene, feeling that would reshape the film too drastically. Having become a father, Spielberg was more sensitive about the scene where gun-wielding federal agents threaten Elliott and his escaping friends; he digitally replaced the guns with walkie-talkies.^[6]

At the premiere, John Williams conducted a live performance of the score while the film release grossed $35 million domestically, and brought the film's total worldwide gross to $792 million since 1982.^[39] The 20th Anniversary edition was released on a two-disc DVD on December 9, 2002, and was also packaged in a collector's edition with the original version.^[65] The changes to the film, in particular the switch from shotguns to walkie-talkies, were criticized as political correctness. Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wondered, "Remember those guns the feds carried? Thanks to the miracle of digital, they're now brandishing walkie-talkies.... Is this what two decades have done to free speech?"^[66] Chris Hewitt of Empire wrote, "[T]he changes are surprisingly low-key...while ILM's CGI E.T. is used sparingly as a complement to Carlo Rambaldi's extraordinary puppet."^[67] South Park parodied many of the changes in the 2002 episode "Free Hat".^[68]

Other portrayals

File:ETbuckleup.jpg

A traffic sign depicting E.T.

In July 1982, during the film's first theatrical run, Spielberg and Mathison wrote a treatment for a sequel to be titled E.T. II: Nocturnal Fears. It would have seen Elliott and his friends kidnapped by evil aliens and follow their attempts to contact E.T. for help. Spielberg decided against pursuing the sequel, feeling it "would do nothing but rob the original of its virginity".^[38]

In 1998, E.T. was licensed to appear in television public service announcements produced by Progressive Insurance. The announcements featured E.T.'s voice reminding drivers to "buckle up" their safety belts. Traffic signs depicting a stylized E.T. wearing a safety belt were installed on selected roads around the United States.^[69] The following year, British Telecommunications launched the "Stay in Touch" campaign, with E.T. as the star of various advertisements.^[70]

A theme park ride was also created based on the E.T. story. The $40 million attraction features the title character saying goodbye to visitors by name.^[12] Atari made a 2600 game that was based on the film. Despite the popularity of the film, the game was widely considered to be one of the worst games ever. Along with the Atari 2600 port of Pac-Man, the movie game is often blamed for the videogame crash of 1983.

A sequel book was written entitled E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet by William Kotzwinkle (author of the film's novelization). The book concerns E.T.'s return to his planet, Brodo Asogi, and his subsequent demotion and exile to his childhood "farm" where he attempts to return to Earth by effectively breaking all the laws of his planet.^[71]

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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: The 20th Anniversary Celebration (DVD). Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau. 2002.
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^ Susan Goldman Rubin (2001). Steven Spielberg. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 53. ISBN 0-8109-4492-8.
^ John Newman (2001-09-17). UC Santa Cruz Currents online article "Satyajit Ray Collection receives Packard grant and lecture endowment". UC Santa Cruz. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "100 Best-Reviewed Sci-Fi Movies". Rotten Tomatoes. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-19.
^ "U.N. Finds E.T. O.K.". The Twilight Zone Magazine. February 1983.
^ Shay, Don (1993). The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 million Years in the Making. Boxtree Limited. p. 122. ISBN 1-85283-774-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^ "E.T. Awards". All Movie Guide. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
^ "Awards for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
^ "AFI's 100 YEARS...100 MOVIES". American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
^ "America's Most Heart-Pounding Movies" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
^ "America's Most Uplifting Movies" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
^ "AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
^ American Film Institute (2008-06-17). "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 2008-06-18.
^ "AFI's 100 YEARS...100 MOVIE QUOTES". American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-02-15.
^ "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines". Premiere. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
^ "Films Selected to The National Film Registry, Library of Congress 1989-2006". National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-02-15.
^ "100 Greatest Family Films". Channel 4. Retrieved 2007-02-15.
^ Richard Corliss. "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Time. Retrieved 2007-04-20.
^ "#8 E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial". Entertainment Weekly. 2003-11-19. Retrieved 2007-05-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Gregory Kirschling (2007-05-07). "The Sci-Fi 25". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Michael Moran (2007-10-05). "The 40 most memorable aliens". The Times. Retrieved 2007-10-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Live at the Shrine! John Williams and the premiere of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. Universal. 2002. {{cite AV media}}: |format= requires |url= (help)
^ Richard Schuchardt (2002-10-24). "E.T. - The 3 Disc Edition". DVD Active. Retrieved 2007-05-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Peter Travers (2002-03-14). "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2007-05-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ Chris Hewitt. "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial: 20th Anniversary Special Edition". Empire. Retrieved 2007-05-12.
^ Trey Parker, Matt Stone (2002-07-10). "Free Hat". South Park. Season 6. Episode 88. Comedy Central. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |serieslink= ignored (|series-link= suggested) (help)
^ Nick Madigan (1998-12-29). "E.T. to drive home safe road message: The Buckle Up program to air alien's plea during Super Bowl XXXIII". Variety. Retrieved 2006-11-26. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ "ET phones home again". BBC. 1999-04-08. Retrieved 2007-04-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ William Kotzwinkle, E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet, Berkley Books, March 1985, ISBN 0-425-07642-3

External links

Official homepage for the 20th anniversary edition
Nocturnal Fears Sequel treatment by Spielberg and Melissa Mathison
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at IMDb
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at AllMovieInvalid ID.
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Rotten Tomatoes
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Yahoo!
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Box Office Mojo
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Metacritic

Template:S-awards

Preceded by On Golden Pond	Golden Globe for Best Picture - Drama 1983	Succeeded by Terms of Endearment
Preceded by Superman II	Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film 1982	Succeeded by Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi

Template:Americanfilms1980s

[lat-1] Stewart, Jocelyn (2008-02-10). "John Alvin, 59; created movie posters for such films as 'Blazing Saddles' and 'E.T.'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2008-02-10.

[2] * E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at Box Office Mojo. Retrieved on 2007-06-11.

[3] The Culture Show (TV). BBC Two. 2006-11-04. {{cite AV media}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)

[summer-4] Richard Corliss (1983-05-31). "Steve's Summer Magic". Time. Retrieved 2007-04-17. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[starry-5] Steve Daly (2002-03-22). "Starry Role". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[20edition-6] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: The 20th Anniversary Celebration (DVD). Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau. 2002.

[Must_own_DVD-7] Ian Nathan (January 2003). "The 100 DVDs You Must Own". Empire. p. 27.

[reunion-8] E.T. — The Reunion (DVD). Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau. 2002.

[brode-9] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Douglas Brode (1995). "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial". The Films of Steven Spielberg. Citadel. pp. 114–127. ISBN 0-8065-1540-6.

[10] Natalie Jamieson (2008-07-16). "The man who brings movies to life". Newsbeat. Retrieved 2008-07-17.

[11] Joseph McBride (1997). Steven Spielberg. Faber and Faber. p. 72. ISBN 0-571-19177-0.

[mcbride-12] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Joseph McBride (1997). Steven Spielberg. Faber and Faber. pp. 323–38. ISBN 0-571-19177-0.

[13] Deborah Caulfield (1983-05-23). "E.T. Gossip: The One That Got Away?". Los Angeles Times. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[DVD_notes-14] E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: Production Notes (DVD booklet)

[15] "Turn On Your Heartlight: Inside E.T." Cinefex. Retrieved 2008-05-26.

[16] "Creating A Creature". Time. 1982-05-31. Retrieved 2007-04-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[sweet-17] David van Biema (1983-07-26). "Life is Sweet for Jack Dowd as Spielberg's Hit Film Has E.T. Lovers Picking up the (Reeses's) Pieces". People. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[exceptional-18] David E. Williams (January 1983). "An Exceptional Encounter". American Cinematographer. pp. 34–7.

[19] John Williams (2002). A Conversation with John Williams (DVD). Universal.

[salon-20] Charles Taylor. "You can go home again." Salon.com (March 22, 2002).

[arnold-21] Gary Arnold. "E.T. Steven Spielberg's Joyful Excursion, Back to Childhood, Forward to the Unknown." Washington Post (June 6, 1982), G1.

[22] Joseph McBride (1997). Steven Spielberg. Faber and Faber. p. 13. ISBN 0-571-19177-0.

[sebeok-23] Thomas A. Sebeok. "Enter Textuality: Echoes from the Extra-Terrestrial." In Poetics Today (1985), Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics. Published by Duke University Press.

[back-24] Ilsa J. Beck, "The Look Back in E.T.," Cinema Journal 31(4) (1992): 25-41, 33.

[aoscott-25] A.O. Scott (2002-03-22). "Loss and Love, A Tale Retold". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-04-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[sheehan-26] Henry Sheehan (May/June 1992). "The Panning of Steven Spielberg". Film Comment. Retrieved 2007-07-16. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[take_22-27] Judith Crist (1984). "Take 22: Moviemakers on Moviemaking". Viking.

[28] Stanley Kauffman (1982-07-05). "The Gospel According to St. Steven". The New Republic. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[29] Anton Karl Kozlovic. "The Structural Characteristics of the Cinematic Christ-figure," Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 8 (Fall 2004).

[30] Nigel Andrews. "Tidings of comfort and joy." Financial Times (December 10, 1982), I11

[gordon-31] Andrew Gordon. "E.T. as a Fairy Tale," Science Fiction Studies 10 (1983): 298-305.

[32] Susan Goldman Rubin (2001). Steven Spielberg. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 22. ISBN 0-8109-4492-8.

[33] Richard Schickel (interviewer) (2007-07-09). Spielberg on Spielberg. Turner Classic Movies. {{cite AV media}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)

[second_coming-34] Roger Ebert (1985-08-09). "E.T.: The Second Coming". Movieline. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[35] "E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial - Weekend Box Office". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-04-18.

[36] "Spielberg's Creativity". New York Times. 1982-12-25. Retrieved 2007-11-06. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[secrets-37] Jim Callo (1982-08-23). "Director Steven Spielberg Takes the Wraps Off E.T., Revealing His Secrets at Last". People. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[midas_touch-38] John M. Wilson (1985-06-16). "E.T. Returns to Test His Midas Touch". Los Angeles Times. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[releases-39] "E.T.: THE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved 2007-05-12.

[40] Nancy Griffin (June 1988). "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade". Premiere. Retrieved 2008-02-10.

[41] Michael Sragow (1982-07-08). "Extra-Terrestrial Perception". Rolling Stone. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[42] Leonard Maltin (2007-05-31). "Leonard Maltin's Top 25 for 25 Years". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved 2007-06-01. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[43] George Will (1982-07-19). "Well, I Don't Love You, E.T.". Newsweek. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[44] Susan Goldman Rubin (2001). Steven Spielberg. Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 53. ISBN 0-8109-4492-8.

[45] John Newman (2001-09-17). UC Santa Cruz Currents online article "Satyajit Ray Collection receives Packard grant and lecture endowment". UC Santa Cruz. {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)

[46] "100 Best-Reviewed Sci-Fi Movies". Rotten Tomatoes. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-19.

[47] "U.N. Finds E.T. O.K.". The Twilight Zone Magazine. February 1983.

[48] Shay, Don (1993). The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 million Years in the Making. Boxtree Limited. p. 122. ISBN 1-85283-774-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

[49] "E.T. Awards". All Movie Guide. Retrieved 2007-05-12.

[50] "Awards for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 2007-05-12.

[51] "AFI's 100 YEARS...100 MOVIES". American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-04.

[52] "America's Most Heart-Pounding Movies" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-04.

[53] "America's Most Uplifting Movies" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-04.

[54] "AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores" (PDF). American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-04-04.

[55] American Film Institute (2008-06-17). "AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved 2008-06-18.

[56] "AFI's 100 YEARS...100 MOVIE QUOTES". American Film Institute. Retrieved 2007-02-15.

[57] "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines". Premiere. Retrieved 2007-04-26.

[58] "Films Selected to The National Film Registry, Library of Congress 1989-2006". National Film Registry of the Library of Congress. Retrieved 2007-02-15.

[59] "100 Greatest Family Films". Channel 4. Retrieved 2007-02-15.

[60] Richard Corliss. "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)". Time. Retrieved 2007-04-20.

[61] "#8 E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial". Entertainment Weekly. 2003-11-19. Retrieved 2007-05-11. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[62] Gregory Kirschling (2007-05-07). "The Sci-Fi 25". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-05-07. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[63] Michael Moran (2007-10-05). "The 40 most memorable aliens". The Times. Retrieved 2007-10-08. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[64] Live at the Shrine! John Williams and the premiere of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. Universal. 2002. {{cite AV media}}: |format= requires |url= (help)

[65] Richard Schuchardt (2002-10-24). "E.T. - The 3 Disc Edition". DVD Active. Retrieved 2007-05-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[66] Peter Travers (2002-03-14). "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2007-05-12. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[67] Chris Hewitt. "E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial: 20th Anniversary Special Edition". Empire. Retrieved 2007-05-12.

[68] Trey Parker, Matt Stone (2002-07-10). "Free Hat". South Park. Season 6. Episode 88. Comedy Central. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |episodelink= ignored (|episode-link= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |serieslink= ignored (|series-link= suggested) (help)

[69] Nick Madigan (1998-12-29). "E.T. to drive home safe road message: The Buckle Up program to air alien's plea during Super Bowl XXXIII". Variety. Retrieved 2006-11-26. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[70] "ET phones home again". BBC. 1999-04-08. Retrieved 2007-04-22. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[71] William Kotzwinkle, E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet, Berkley Books, March 1985, ISBN 0-425-07642-3

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-:''This article is about the film. For the term "E.T.", which redirects here, see [[ET]]. For the video games based on the movie, see [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial in video games]].''
+{{For|the video games based on the movie|E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial in video games}}
 {{Infobox Film
 | name           = E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
 | image          = E t the extra terrestrial ver3.jpg
-| caption        = Original 1982 theatrical poster by [[John Alvin]]<ref name=lat> {{cite news |first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=John Alvin, 59; created movie posters for such films as ''Blazing Saddles'' and ''E.T.''|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story |work= [[Los Angeles Times]] |publisher=|date=2008-02-10 |accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref>
+| caption        = Original 1982 theatrical poster by [[John Alvin]]<ref name=lat> {{cite news |first=Jocelyn|last=Stewart|title=John Alvin, 59; created movie posters for such films as 'Blazing Saddles' and 'E.T.'|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-alvin10feb10,1,5113268.story |work= [[Los Angeles Times]] |publisher=|date=2008-02-10 |accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref>
 | director       = [[Steven Spielberg]]
 | producer       = Steven Spielberg<br>[[Kathleen Kennedy (film producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]]
@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 | cinematography = [[Allen Daviau]]
 | editing        = [[Carol Littleton]]
-| distributor    = [[Universal Studios]] <!--Amblin was the production company, not the distributor-->
+| distributor    = [[Universal Pictures]] <!--Amblin was the production company, not the distributor-->
-| released       = June 11, 1982 <!--DO NOT ADD THE 2002 RE-RELEASE DATE! WP:FILM guidelines call for only first release to be mentioned in infobbox-->
+| released       = [[June 11]], [[1982]] <!--WP:FILM guidelines call for only first release to be mentioned in infobbox-->
-| runtime        = 115 minutes (1982)<br>120 minutes (2002: 20th anniversary edition)
+| runtime        = 115 min. (1982)<br>120 min. (2002: 20th anniversary edition)
 | country        = {{USA}}
-| language       = English
+| language       = [[English language|English]]
-| budget         = [[United States dollar|US$]]10,500,000 (estimated)<ref name="releases"/>
+| budget         = [[United States dollar|US$]]10,500,000 (estimated)<ref>* ''[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=et.htm E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]'' at [[Box Office Mojo]]. Retrieved on [[2007-06-11]].</ref>
 | gross          = $792,910,554
 | amg_id         = 1:15032
 | imdb_id        = 0083866
 }}
-'''''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial''''' is a [[1982 in film|1982]] [[science fiction film]] co-produced and directed by [[Steven Spielberg]], written by [[Melissa Mathison]] and starring [[Henry Thomas]], [[Robert MacNaughton]], [[Drew Barrymore]], [[Dee Wallace-Stone|Dee Wallace]] and [[Peter Coyote]]. It tells the story of Elliott (played by Thomas), a lonely boy who befriends a friendly [[Extraterrestrial life|alien]], dubbed "E.T.", who is stranded on [[Earth]]. Elliott and his siblings help the alien return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government.
+'''''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial''''' is a 1982 [[science fiction film]] co-produced and directed by [[Steven Spielberg]], written by [[Melissa Mathison]] and starring [[Henry Thomas]], [[Robert MacNaughton]], [[Drew Barrymore]], [[Dee Wallace-Stone|Dee Wallace]] and [[Peter Coyote]]. It tells the story of Elliott (played by Thomas), a lonely boy who befriends a friendly [[Extraterrestrial life|alien]], dubbed "E.T.", who is stranded on [[Earth]]. Elliott and his siblings help the alien return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government.
-The concept for ''E.T.'' was based on an [[imaginary friend]] Spielberg created after his parents' divorce. In 1980, Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled science fiction/horror film project ''[[Night Skies]]''. The film was shot from September to December 1981 in [[California]] on a budget of US$10.5 million. Unlike most motion pictures, the film was shot in roughly [[chronological]] order, to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast.
+The concept for ''E.T.'' came from an [[imaginary friend]] Spielberg created after his parents' divorce. When work on ''[[Night Skies]]'' stalled, Spielberg met screenwriter [[Melissa Mathison]], whom he hired to pen the script for ''E.T.'' The film was shot from September to December 1981 in [[California]] on a budget of US $10.5 million. Unlike most motion pictures, the film was shot in roughly [[chronological]] order, to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast.
-Released by [[Universal Studios]], ''E.T.'' was a [[Blockbuster (entertainment)|blockbuster]], surpassing ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' to become the most financially successful film released to that point. Critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship, and it ranks as the [[Films considered the greatest ever#Particular genres or media|best science fiction film ever made]] in a [[Rotten Tomatoes]] survey. The alien became the subject of analogies for [[Jesus]]. The film was rereleased in [[1985 in film|1985]], and then again in [[2002 in film|2002]] with altered special effects and additional scenes. Spielberg believes ''E.T.'' epitomizes his work.<ref>{{cite video| title = [[The Culture Show]]| medium = TV| work= [[BBC Two]] | year= [[2006-11-04]]}}</ref>
+Released by [[Universal Pictures]], ''E.T.'' was [[Blockbuster (entertainment)| blockbuster]], surpassing ''[[Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope|Star Wars]]'' to become the most financially successful film released to that point. Critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship, ranking it as [[Films considered the greatest ever#In particular genres|best science fiction film ever made]] in a ''[[Rotten Tomatoes]]'' poll. The alien became the subject of analogies for [[Jesus]]. The film was rereleased in 1985, and in 2002 with altered special effects and additional scenes. Spielberg believes ''E.T.'' epitomizes his work.<ref>{{cite video| title = [[The Culture Show]]| medium = TV| publisher = [[BBC Two]] |year= [[2006-11-04]]}}</ref>
 ==Plot==
-The film opens in a [[California]] forest as a group of [[extraterrestrial life in culture|alien]] [[botany|botanists]] collect vegetation samples. U.S. government agents appear and the aliens flee in their spaceship, leaving one of their own behind in their haste. The scene shifts to a suburban California home, where a boy named Elliott ([[Henry Thomas]]) plays servant to his older brother, Michael ([[Robert MacNaughton]]), and his friends ([[K. C. Martel]], [[Sean Frye]] and [[C. Thomas Howell]]). As he fetches pizza, Elliott discovers the stranded alien, who promptly flees. Despite his family's disbelief, Elliott leaves [[Reese's Pieces]] candy in the forest to lure it into his bedroom. Before he goes to bed, Elliott notices the alien imitating his movements.
+The film opens in a [[California]] forest as a group of [[extraterrestrial life in culture|alien]] [[botany|botanists]] collect vegetation samples. U.S. government agents appear and the aliens flee in their spaceship, leaving one of their own behind in their haste. The scene shifts to a suburban California home, where a boy named Elliott plays servant to his older brother, Michael, and his friends. As he fetches pizza, Elliott discovers the stranded alien, who promptly flees. Despite his family's disbelief, Elliott leaves Reese's Pieces candy in the forest to lure it into his bedroom. Before he goes to bed, Elliott notices the alien imitating his movements.
-Elliott feigns illness the next morning to avoid school so he can play with the alien. That afternoon, Michael and their younger sister, Gertie ([[Drew Barrymore]]), meet the alien. Their mother, Mary ([[Dee Wallace]]), hears the noise and comes upstairs. Michael, Gertie and the alien hide in the closet while Elliott assures his mother that everything is all right. Michael and Gertie promise to keep the alien a secret from their mother. Deciding to keep the alien, the children begin to ask it about its origin. It answers by levitating balls to represent its [[solar system]], and further demonstrates its powers by reviving a dead plant.
+Elliott feigns illness the next morning to avoid school so he can play with the alien. That afternoon, Michael and their younger sister, Gertie, meet the alien. Their mother, Mary, hears the noise and comes upstairs. Michael, Gertie, and the alien hide in the closet while Elliott reassures her everything is all right. Michael and Gertie promise to keep the alien a secret from their mother. Deciding to keep the alien, the children begin to ask it about its origin. It answers by levitating balls to represent its [[solar system]], and further demonstrates its powers by reviving a dead plant. At school, Elliott begins to experience a psychic connection with the alien. Elliott becomes irrational due partly to the alien's intoxication from drinking [[Coors Brewing Company|Coors beer]] and he begins freeing all the frogs from a [[dissection]] class. As the alien watches [[John Wayne]] kiss [[Maureen O'Hara]] in ''[[The Quiet Man]]'', Elliott's psychic link causes him to kiss a girl he likes in the same manner.
+[[Image:ET Moon.jpg|thumb|200px|left|E.T. makes Elliott's bike fly to the forest.]]
-At school the next day, Elliott begins to experience a psychic connection with the alien. Elliott becomes irrational due partly to the alien's intoxication from drinking [[Coors Brewing Company|Coors]] beer. Elliott then begins freeing all the frogs from a [[dissection]] class. As the alien watches [[John Wayne]] kiss [[Maureen O'Hara]] in ''[[The Quiet Man]]'', Elliott's psychic link causes him to kiss a girl ([[Erika Eleniak]]) he likes in the same manner.
+The alien learns to speak English by repeating what Gertie says in response to her watching ''[[Sesame Street]]'' and, through Elliott's urging, dubs itself ''E.T.'' It enlists Elliott's help in building a device to "phone home" by using a [[Speak & Spell (toy)|Speak & Spell]]. Michael starts to notice that E.T.'s health is declining and that Elliott is referring to himself as "we". On [[Halloween]], Michael and Elliott dress E.T. as a ghost so they can sneak it out of the house. Elliott and E.T. ride a bicycle to the forest, where E.T. makes a successful call home. The next morning, Elliott wakes up to find E.T. gone, and returns home to his distressed family. Michael finds E.T. dying in the forest, and takes him to Elliott, who is also dying. Mary becomes frightened when she discovers her son's illness and the dying alien, before government agents invade the house.
+Scientists set up a medical facility in the house, [[quarantine|quarantining]] Elliott and E.T. The link between E.T. and Elliott disappears as E.T. appears to die. Elliott is left alone with the motionless alien when he notices a dead flower, the plant E.T. had previous revived, coming back to life. E.T. reanimates and reveals that its people are returning. Elliott and Michael steal a van that E.T. had been loaded into and a chase ensues, with Michael's friends joining Elliott and E.T.'s bicycled evasion of the authorities. Suddenly facing a dead-end, they escape as E.T.'s [[Psychokinesis|telekinesis]] lifts them into the air and toward the forest. E.T. stands near the spaceship, his heart glowing as he readies to return home. Mary, Gertie and Keys, a government agent, show up. E.T. says goodbye to Michael and Gertie, and before entering the spaceship, tells Elliott "I'll be right here," pointing its glowing finger to Elliott's forehead.
-[[Image:ET Moon.jpg|thumb|200px|left|E.T. making Elliott's bike fly to the forest.]]
-The alien learns to speak English by repeating what Gertie says in response to her watching ''[[Sesame Street]]'' and, through Elliott's urging, dubs itself as "E.T." It enlists Elliott's help in building a device to "phone home" by using a [[Speak & Spell (toy)|Speak & Spell]] toy. Michael starts to notice that E.T.'s health is declining and that Elliott is referring to himself as "we." On [[Halloween]], Michael and Elliott dress E.T. as a ghost so they can sneak it out of the house. Elliott and E.T. ride a bicycle to the forest, where E.T. makes a successful call home. The next morning, Elliott wakes up to find E.T. gone, and returns home to his distressed family. Michael finds E.T. dying in the forest, and takes him to Elliott, who is also dying. Mary becomes frightened when she discovers her son's illness and the dying alien, before government agents invade the house.
-Scientists set up a medical facility in the house, [[quarantine|quarantining]] Elliott and E.T. The link between E.T. and Elliott disappears as E.T. appears to die. Elliott is left alone with the motionless alien when he notices a dead flower, the plant E.T. had previous revived, coming back to life. E.T. reanimates and reveals that its people are returning. Elliott and Michael steal a van that E.T. had been loaded into and a chase ensues, with Michael's friends joining Elliott and E.T. as they attempt to evade the authorities by bicycle. Suddenly facing a dead-end, they escape as E.T. uses [[Psychokinesis|telekinesis]] to lift them into the air and toward the forest. E.T. stands near the spaceship, his heart glowing as he prepares to return home. Mary, Gertie and "Keys" ([[Peter Coyote]]), a government agent, show up. E.T. says goodbye to Michael and Gertie, and before entering the spaceship, tells Elliott "I'll be right here," pointing its glowing finger to Elliott's forehead.
 ==Cast==
 [[Image:ETKidcast.jpg|200px|thumb|From left: [[Henry Thomas]] as Elliott, [[Drew Barrymore]] as Gertie, and [[Robert MacNaughton]] as Michael]]
-*[[Henry Thomas]] as Elliott, a lonely ten-year-old boy who is picked on by his older brother. Elliott longs for a good friend, whom he finds in E.T. Elliott adopts the stranded alien and they form a mental, physical, and emotional bond.
+*[[Henry Thomas]] as Elliott, a lonely ten-year-old boy who is picked on by his older brother. Elliott longs for a good friend, and finds the friend in E.T. Elliott adopts the stranded alien and forms a mental, physical, and emotional bond with it.
-*[[Robert MacNaughton]] as Michael, Elliott's football-playing 16-year-old brother who often picks on him.
+*[[Robert MacNaughton]] as Michael, Elliott's football playing sixteen-year-old brother who often picks on him.
-*[[Drew Barrymore]] as Gertie, Elliott's mischievous seven-year-old sister. She is sarcastic and initially terrified of E.T., but grows to love the alien.
+*[[Drew Barrymore]] as Gertie, Elliott's mischievous seven-year-old sister. She is sarcastic and initially terrified of E.T., but grows to love him.
-*[[Dee Wallace-Stone|Dee Wallace]] as Mary, the children's mother, recently separated from her husband. She is mostly oblivious to the alien's presence in her household.
+*[[Dee Wallace-Stone|Dee Wallace]] as Mary, the children's mother, coming off a recent separation from her husband. She is mostly oblivious to the alien's presence in her household.
-*[[Peter Coyote]] as "Keys", a government agent so dubbed because of the key rings that prominently hang from his belt. He tells Elliott that he has waited to see an alien since the age of ten.
+*[[Peter Coyote]] as "Keys", a government agent dubbed as such because of key rings that prominently hang from his belt. He tells Elliott that he has waited to see an alien since the age of 10.
-*[[K. C. Martel]], [[Sean Frye]] and [[C. Thomas Howell]] as Greg, Steve and Tyler. Michael's friends, they help Elliott and E.T. evade the authorities during the film's climax.
+*[[K. C. Martel]], [[Sean Frye]] and [[C. Thomas Howell]] as Greg, Steve and Tyler. They are Michael's friends and help Elliott and E.T. evade the authorities during the film's climax.
 *[[Erika Eleniak]] as the young girl Elliott kisses in class.
-Spielberg auditioned more than 300 children for the roles.<ref name="summer">{{cite news | author = [[Richard Corliss]] | title = Steve's Summer Magic | work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = 1983-05-31 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925427-9,00.html | accessdate=2007-04-17}}</ref> Having worked with [[Cary Guffey]] on ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'', he felt confident in working with a cast composed mostly of [[child actor]]s, rather than young adults.<ref name="starry">{{cite news | author = Steve Daly | title = Starry Role | work = [[Entertainment Weekly]] | date = 2002-03-22 | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20036782_20037403_218829,00.html | accessdate=2007-05-07}}</ref> Robert Fisk suggested Henry Thomas for the role of Elliott.<ref name="20edition"/> Thomas, who auditioned in an [[Indiana Jones]] costume, did not perform well in the formal testing, but got the filmmakers' attention in an improvised scene.<ref name="starry"/> Thoughts of his dead dog inspired his convincing tears.<ref name = "Must own DVD">{{cite news | author = Ian Nathan | title = The 100 DVDs You Must Own | page = 27 | work = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date=January 2003}}</ref> MacNaughton auditioned eight times to play Michael, sometimes with boys auditioning for Elliott. Spielberg felt Drew Barrymore had the right imagination for the film after she impressed him with a story that she led a [[punk rock]] band.<ref name="20edition" /> Spielberg enjoyed working with the children, noting that the experience made him feel ready to become a father.<ref name="reunion"/>
+Spielberg auditioned more than 300 children for the roles.<ref name="summer">{{cite news | author = [[Richard Corliss]] | title = Steve's Summer Magic | publisher = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = [[1983-05-31]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925427-9,00.html | accessdate=2007-04-17}}</ref> Having worked with [[Cary Guffey]] on ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'', he felt confident in working with a cast composed mostly of [[child actor]]s, rather than young adults.<ref name="starry">{{cite news | author = Steve Daly | title = Starry Role | publisher = [[Entertainment Weekly]] | date = [[2002-03-22]] | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20036782_20037403_218829,00.html | accessdate=2007-05-07}}</ref> Robert Fisk suggested Henry Thomas for the role of Elliott.<ref name="20edition"/> Thomas, who auditioned in an [[Indiana Jones]] costume, did not perform well in the formal testing, but he got the filmmakers' attention in an improvised scene.<ref name="starry"/> Thoughts of his dead dog inspired his convincing tears.<ref name = "Must own DVD">{{cite news | author = Ian Nathan | title = The 100 DVDs You Must Own | page = 27 | publisher = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] |date= January 2003}}</ref> MacNaughton auditioned eight times to play Michael, sometimes with boys auditioning for Elliott. Spielberg felt Drew Barrymore had the right imagination for the film after she impressed him with a story that she led a [[punk rock]] band.<ref name="20edition" /> Spielberg enjoyed working with the children, noting that the experience made him feel ready to become a father.<ref name="reunion"/>
-[[Debra Winger]] provided sounds for E.T., but the alien was actually voiced by [[Pat Welsh (actress)|Pat Welsh]], an elderly woman who lived in [[Marin County, California]]. Welsh smoked two packets of cigarettes a day, which gave her voice a quality that sound effects creator [[Ben Burtt]] liked. She spent nine-and-a-half hours recording her part, and was paid $380 by Burtt for her services.<ref name=brode/> Burtt also recorded 16 other people and various animals to create E.T.'s "voice". These included his sleeping wife, who had a cold, a burp from his [[University of Southern California|USC]] film professor, and racoons, sea otters and horses.<ref>{{cite news|author=Natalie Jamieson|title=The man who brings movies to life|work=[[Newsbeat]]|date=2008-07-16|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/hi/entertainment/newsid_7509000/7509441.stm|accessdate=2008-07-17}}</ref>
+[[Debra Winger]] provided sounds for E.T., but the alien was actually voiced by Pat Welsh, an elderly woman who lived in [[Marin County, California]]. Welsh smoked two packets of cigarettes a day, which gave her voice a quality which sound effects creator [[Ben Burtt]] liked. She spent nine-and-a-half hours recording her part, and was paid $380 by Burtt for her services.<ref name=brode/> Burtt also credited sixteen other people and various animals to E.T.'s "voice". These included recordings of his sleeping wife, who had a cold, a burp from his [[University of Southern California|USC]] film professor, and [[racoon]]s, [[sea otter]]s and [[horse]]s.<ref>{{cite news|author=Natalie Jamieson|title=The man who brings movies to life|work=[[Newsbeat]]|date=2008-07-16|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/hi/entertainment/newsid_7509000/7509441.stm|accessdate=2008-07-17}}</ref>
-Doctors working at the [[Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center|USC Medical Center]] were recruited to play the doctors who try to save E.T. after [[government agent]]s take over Elliott's home. Spielberg felt that actors in the roles, performing lines of highly technical medical dialogue, would come across as unnatural.<ref name="reunion">{{cite video | title = E.T.&nbsp;— The Reunion | medium = DVD | publisher = Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau |year= 2002}}</ref> During post-production, Spielberg decided to cut a scene featuring [[Harrison Ford]] as Elliott's principal. The scene featured Elliott being reprimanded for his behavior in science class, and saw Elliott's chair being [[Levitation|levitated]] while E.T. was levitating his "phone" equipment up the staircase with Gertie.<ref name="20edition" />
+Doctors working at the [[University of Southern California|USC]] Medical Center were recruited by Spielberg to play the doctors who try to save E.T. after government agents take over Elliott's home, as he felt actors playing doctors and reading lines of technical dialog would feel unnatural.<ref name="reunion">{{cite video | title = E.T. &mdash; The Reunion | medium = DVD | publisher = Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau |year= 2002}}</ref> During post-production, Spielberg decided to cut a scene featuring [[Harrison Ford]] as Elliott's principal. The scene featured Elliott being reprimanded for his behavior in science class, and saw Elliott's chair being [[Levitation|levitated]] while E.T. was levitating his "phone" equipment up the staircase with Gertie.<ref name="20edition" />
 ==Production==
-After his parents' divorce in 1960, Spielberg filled the void with an [[imaginary friend|imaginary]] alien companion. Spielberg said that E.T. was "a friend who could be the brother I never had and a father that I didn't feel I had anymore."<ref>{{cite book | author = [[Joseph McBride]] | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Faber and Faber |year= 1997 | pages = 72 | isbn=0-571-19177-0}}</ref> During 1978, Spielberg announced he would shoot a film entitled ''Growing Up'', which he would film in 28 days. The project was set aside because of delays on ''[[1941 (film)|1941]]'', but the concept of making a small autobiographical film about childhood would stay with Spielberg.<ref name=brode>{{cite book | author = Douglas Brode | title = The Films of Steven Spielberg | publisher = Citadel |year= 1995 | pages = 114-127 | isbn= 0-8065-1540-6 | chapter=E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial}}</ref> He also thought about a follow-up to ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'', and began to develop a darker project he had planned with [[John Sayles]] called ''[[Night Skies]]'' in which malevolent aliens terrorize a family.<ref name=brode/>
+After his parents' divorce in 1960, Spielberg filled the void with an [[imaginary friend|imaginary]] alien companion. Spielberg said that E.T. was "a friend who could be the brother I never had and a father that I didn't feel I had anymore."<ref>{{cite book | author = [[Joseph McBride]] | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Faber and Faber |date= 1997 | pages = 72 | isbn=0-571-19177-0}}</ref> During 1978, Spielberg announced he would shoot a film entitled ''Growing Up'', which he would film in twenty-eight days. The project was set aside because of delays on ''[[1941 (film)|1941]]'', but the concept of making a small autobiographical film about childhood would stay with Spielberg.<ref name=brode>{{cite book | author = Douglas Brode | title = The Films of Steven Spielberg | publisher = Citadel |date= 1995 | pages = 114-127 | isbn= 0-8065-1540-6 | chapter=E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial}}</ref> He also thought about a follow-up to ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'', and began to develop a darker project he had planned with [[John Sayles]] called ''[[Night Skies]]'' in which malevolent aliens terrorize a family.<ref name=brode/>
-Filming ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' in [[Tunisia]] left Spielberg bored, and memories of his childhood creation resurfaced.<ref name="mcbride">{{cite book | author = [[Joseph McBride]] | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Faber and Faber |year= 1997 | pages = 323-38 | isbn=0-571-19177-0}}</ref> He told screenwriter [[Melissa Mathison]] about ''Night Skies'', and developed a subplot from the failed project, in which Buddy, the only friendly alien, befriends an [[autism|autistic]] child. Buddy's abandonment on Earth in the script's final scene inspired the ''E.T.'' concept.<ref name="mcbride"/> Mathison wrote a first draft titled ''E.T. and Me'' in eight weeks,<ref name="mcbride"/> which Spielberg considered perfect.<ref name="20edition">{{cite video | title = E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: The 20th Anniversary Celebration | medium = DVD | publisher = Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau |year = 2002}}</ref> The script went through two more drafts, which deleted an "[[Eddie Haskell]]"-esque friend of Elliott. The chase sequence was also created, and Spielberg also suggested having the scene where E.T. got drunk.<ref name=brode/> [[Columbia Pictures]], which had been producing ''Night Skies'', met Spielberg to discuss the script. The studio passed on it, calling it "a wimpy [[Walt Disney]] movie", so Spielberg approached the more receptive [[Sid Sheinberg]], president of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]].<ref>{{cite news | author = Deborah Caulfield | title = E.T. Gossip: The One That Got Away? | work = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = 1983-05-23}}</ref>
+Filming ''[[Raiders of the Lost Ark]]'' in [[Tunisia]] left Spielberg bored, and memories of his childhood creation resurfaced.<ref name="mcbride">{{cite book | author = [[Joseph McBride]] | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Faber and Faber |date= 1997 | pages = 323-38 | isbn=0-571-19177-0}}</ref> He told screenwriter [[Melissa Mathison]] about ''Night Skies'', and developed a subplot from the failed project, in which Buddy, the only friendly alien, befriends an [[autism|autistic]] child. Buddy's abandonment on Earth in the script's final scene inspired the ''E.T.'' concept.<ref name="mcbride"/> Mathison wrote a first draft titled ''E.T. and Me''<ref name="mcbride"/> in eight weeks, which Spielberg considered perfect.<ref name="20edition">{{cite video | title = E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: The 20th Anniversary Celebration | medium = DVD | publisher = Universal, directed by Laurent Bouzereau |year = 2002}}</ref> The script went through two more drafts, which deleted a "[[Eddie Haskell]]"-esque friend of Elliott. The chase sequence was also created, and Spielberg also suggested having the scene where E.T. got drunk.<ref name=brode/> [[Columbia Pictures]], which had been producing ''Night Skies'', met Spielberg to discuss the script. The studio passed on it, calling it "a wimpy [[Walt Disney]] movie," so Spielberg approached the more receptive [[Sid Sheinberg]], president of [[Music Corporation of America|MCA]].<ref>{{cite news | author = Deborah Caulfield | title = E.T. Gossip: The One That Got Away? | publisher = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = [[1983-05-23]]}}</ref>
-[[Ed Varreaux]] created a $700,000 prototype for E.T., which Spielberg deemed useless.<ref name=brode/> [[Carlo Rambaldi]], who designed the aliens for ''Close Encounters of the Third Kind'', was hired to design the [[animatronics]] of E.T. Rambaldi's own painting ''Women of Delta'' led him to give the creature a unique, extendable neck.<ref name="20edition" /> The creature's face was inspired by the faces of [[Carl Sandburg]], [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Ernest Hemingway]].<ref name="DVD notes">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: Production Notes (DVD booklet)</ref> Producer [[Kathleen Kennedy (movie producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]] visited the [[Jules Stein|Jules Stein Eye Institute]] to study real and glass eyeballs. She hired Institute staffers to create E.T.'s eyes, which she felt were particularly important in engaging the audience.<ref name="starry"/> Four E.T. heads were created for filming, one as the main animatronic and the others for facial expressions, as well as a costume.<ref name="DVD notes" /> Two [[Dwarfism|dwarfs]], [[Tamara De Treaux]] and Pat Bilon,<ref name=brode/> as well as 12-year-old Matthew De Meritt, who was born without legs,<ref>
+[[Ed Varreaux]] created a $700,000 prototype for E.T., which Spielberg deemed useless.<ref name=brode/> [[Carlo Rambaldi]], who designed the aliens for Spielberg's ''[[Close Encounters of the Third Kind]]'', was hired to design the animatronics of E.T. Rambaldi's own painting ''Women of Delta'' led him to give the creature a unique, extendable neck.<ref name="20edition" /> The creature's face was inspired by the faces of [[Carl Sandburg]], [[Albert Einstein]], and [[Ernest Hemingway]].<ref name="DVD notes">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial: Production Notes (DVD booklet)</ref> Producer [[Kathleen Kennedy (movie producer)|Kathleen Kennedy]] visited the [[Jules Stein]] Eye Institute to study real and glass eyeballs. She hired people from the Institute to create E.T.'s eyes, which she felt were particularly important in engaging the audience.<ref name="starry"/> Four E.T. heads were created for filming, one as the main animatronic and the others for facial expressions, as well as a costume.<ref name="DVD notes" /> Two [[Dwarfism|dwarfs]], [[Tamara De Treaux]] and Pat Bilon,<ref name=brode/> as well as 12-year-old Matthew De Meritt, a boy born without legs,<ref>
-{{cite web|url=http://www.cinefex.com/et/et15.html|title=Turn On Your Heartlight: Inside E.T.|work=[[Cinefex]]|accessdate=2008-05-26|last=|first=}}</ref> took turns wearing the costume, depending on what scene was being filmed.<ref name="20edition"/> Caprice Roth, a professional mime, filled prosthetics to play E.T.'s hands.<ref name="starry"/> The finished creature was created in three months at the cost of $1.5 million.<ref>{{cite news | title = Creating A Creature | work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = 1982-05-31 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925429-2,00.html | accessdate = 2007-04-18}}</ref> Spielberg declared it was "something that only a mother could love."<ref name="20edition" /> [[Mars, Incorporated]] found E.T. so ugly that the company refused to allow [[M&M's]] to be used in the film, believing the creature would frighten children. This allowed the [[Hershey Company]] the opportunity to market [[Reese's Pieces]].<ref name="sweet">{{cite news | author = David van Biema | title = Life is Sweet for Jack Dowd as Spielberg's Hit Film Has ''E.T.'' Lovers Picking up the (Reeses's) Pieces | work = [[People (magazine)|People]] | date = 1983-07-26}}</ref>
+{{cite web|url=http://www.cinefex.com/et/et15.html|title=Turn On Your Heartlight: Inside E.T.|publisher=[[Cinefex]]|accessdate=2008-05-26|last=|first=}}</ref> took turns wearing the costume, depending on what scene was being filmed.<ref name="20edition"/> Caprice Roth, a professional mime, filled prosthetics to play E.T.'s hands.<ref name="starry"/> The finished creature was created in three months at the cost of $1.5 million.<ref>{{cite news | title = Creating A Creature | publisher = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | date = [[1982-05-31]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,925429-2,00.html | accessdate = 2007-04-18}}</ref> Spielberg declared it "something that only a mother could love."<ref name="20edition" /> [[Mars, Incorporated]] found E.T. so ugly that they refused to have [[M&M's]] used in the film, believing E.T. would frighten children. This allowed [[The Hershey Company|Hershey's]] the opportunity to market [[Reese's Pieces]].<ref name="sweet">{{cite news | author = David van Biema | title = Life is Sweet for Jack Dowd as Spielberg's Hit Film Has ''E.T.'' Lovers Picking up the (Reeses's) Pieces | publisher = [[People (magazine)|People]] | date = [[1983-07-26]]}}</ref>
-''E.T.'' began shooting in September 1981.<ref name="exceptional">{{cite news | author = David E. Williams | title = An Exceptional Encounter | pages = 34-7 | work = [[American Cinematographer]] |date=January 1983}}</ref> The project was filmed under the cover name ''A Boy's Life'', as Spielberg did not want anyone to discover and plagiarize the plot. The actors had to read the script behind closed doors, and everyone on set had to wear an ID card.<ref name="starry"/> The shoot began with two days at a high school in [[Culver City]], and the crew spent the next 11 days moving between locations at [[Northridge, Los Angeles, California|Northridge]] and [[Tujunga, California|Tujunga]].<ref name=brode/> The house scenes were shot in Lonzo Street. The next 42 days were spent at Laird International Studios in Culver City, for the interiors of Elliott's home. The crew shot at a [[Sequoiadendron|redwood]] forest near [[Crescent City, California|Crescent City]] for the last six days of production.<ref name=brode/><ref name="mcbride"/> Spielberg shot the film in roughly chronological order to achieve convincingly emotional performances from his cast. In the scene in which Michael first encounters the alien, the creature's appearance caused MacNaughton to jump back and knock down the shelves behind him. The chronological shoot gave the young actors an emotional experience as they bonded with E.T., making the hospital sequences more moving.<ref name="reunion"/> Spielberg ensured the puppeteers kept away from the set to maintain the illusion of a real alien. For the first time in his career, he did not [[storyboard]] most of the film, in order to facilitate spontaneity in the performances.<ref name="exceptional"/> The film was shot so adults, except for Dee Wallace, are never seen from the waist up in the first half of the film, as a tribute to the cartoons of [[Tex Avery]].<ref name="20edition" /> The shoot was completed in 61 days, four days ahead of schedule.<ref name="mcbride"/>
+''E.T.'' began shooting in September 1981.<ref name="exceptional">{{cite news | author = David E. Williams | title = An Exceptional Encounter | pages = 34-7 | publisher = [[American Cinematographer]] | date= January 1983}}</ref> The project was filmed under the title ''A Boy's Life'' to keep production a secret, as Spielberg did not want anyone to discover and plagiarize the plot. The actors had to read the script behind closed doors, and everyone on set had to wear an ID card.<ref name="starry"/> The shoot began with two days at a high school in [[Culver City]], and the crew spent the next eleven days moving between locations at [[Northridge, Los Angeles, California|Northridge]] and [[Tujunga, California|Tujunga]].<ref name=brode/> The next forty-two days were spent at Laird International Studios in Culver City, for the interiors of Elliott's home. The crew shot at a [[Sequoiadendron|redwood]] forest near [[Crescent City, California|Crescent City]] for the last six days of production.<ref name=brode/><ref name="mcbride"/> Spielberg shot the film in roughly chronological order to achieve convincingly emotional performances from his cast. In the scene when Michael first encounters the alien, the creature's appearance caused MacNaughton to jump back and knock down the shelves behind him. The chronological shoot gave the young actors an emotional experience as they bonded with E.T., making the hospital sequences more moving.<ref name="reunion"/> Spielberg ensured the puppeteers kept away from the set to maintain the illusion of a real alien. For the first time in his career, he did not [[storyboard]] most of the film, in order to allow spontaneity in the performances.<ref name="exceptional"/> The film was shot so adults, except for [[Dee Wallace-Stone|Dee Wallace]], are never seen from the waist up in the first half of the film, as a tribute to the cartoons of [[Tex Avery]].<ref name="20edition" /> The shoot was completed after sixty-one days, which was four days ahead of schedule.<ref name="mcbride"/>
-Longtime Spielberg collaborator [[John Williams]] composed the musical score for ''E.T.'' Williams described his challenge as creating a score that would generate sympathy for such an odd-looking creature. As with their previous collaborations, Spielberg liked every theme Williams composed and had it included. Spielberg loved the music for the final chase so much that he edited the sequence to suit it.<ref>{{cite video | people = [[John Williams]] | title = A Conversation with John Williams | medium = DVD  | publisher = Universal |year= 2002}}</ref>
+Longtime Spielberg collaborator [[John Williams]] composed the [[Sheet music|score]] for ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial''. Williams described his challenge on this project as creating a score that would create sympathy for an odd-looking creature like E.T. As with their previous collaborations, Spielberg liked every theme Williams composed and had it included. Spielberg loved the music for the final chase so much that he edited the sequence to suit it.<ref>{{cite video | people = [[John Williams]] | title = A Conversation with John Williams | medium = DVD  | publisher = Universal |year= 2002}}</ref>
 ==Themes==
-Spielberg drew the story of ''E.T.'' from the divorce of his own parents;<ref name="salon">{{cite news|author=Charles Taylor|url=http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/movies/feature/2002/03/22/et/index.html|title=You can go home again|work=[[Salon.com]]|date=2002-03-22|accessdate=2008-09-11}}</ref> Gary Arnold of the ''[[Washington Post]]'' called the film "essentially a spiritual autobiography, a portrait of the filmmaker as a typical suburban kid set apart by an uncommonly fervent, mystical imagination".<ref name="arnold">{{cite news|author=Gary Arnold|title=E.T. Steven Spielberg's Joyful Excursion, Back to Childhood, Forward to the Unknown|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=1982-06-06}}</ref> References to Spielberg's childhood occur throughout: Elliott feigns illness by holding his thermometer to a light bulb while covering his face with a heating pad, a trick frequently employed by the young Spielberg.<ref>{{cite book | author=[[Joseph McBride]] | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Faber and Faber |year= 1997 | pages = 13 | isbn=0-571-19177-0}}</ref> Michael's picking on Elliott echoes Spielberg's teasing of his younger sisters,<ref name="20edition"/> and Michael's evolution from tormentor to protector reflects how Spielberg had to take care of his sisters after their father left.<ref name="reunion"/>
+Spielberg drew the story of ''E.T.'' from the divorce of his own parents;<ref name="salon">Charles Taylor. [http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/movies/feature/2002/03/22/et/index.html "You can go home again."] [[Salon.com]] (March 22, 2002).</ref> Gary Arnold of the ''[[Washington Post]]'' called the film "essentially a spiritual autobiography, a portrait of the filmmaker as a typical suburban kid set apart by an uncommonly fervent, mystical imagination."<ref name="arnold">Gary Arnold. "E.T. Steven Spielberg's Joyful Excursion, Back to Childhood, Forward to the Unknown." ''Washington Post'' (June 6, 1982), G1.</ref> Reflections of Steven Spielberg's childhood are seen throughout: Elliott feigns illness by holding his thermometer to a light bulb while covering his face with a heating pad, which was a trick frequently employed by the young Spielberg.<ref>{{cite book | author=[[Joseph McBride]] | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Faber and Faber |date= 1997 | pages = 13 | isbn=0-571-19177-0}}</ref> Michael's picking on Elliott echoes Spielberg's teasing of his younger sisters,<ref name="20edition"/> and Michael's evolution from tormentor to protector reflects how Spielberg had to take care of his sisters after their father left.<ref name="reunion"/>
-Critics have focused on the parallels between the life of E.T. and Elliott, who is "alienated" by the loss of his father.<ref name="sebeok">Thomas A. Sebeok. "Enter Textuality: Echoes from the Extra-Terrestrial." In ''Poetics Today'' (1985), Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics. Published by Duke University Press.</ref><ref name="back">Ilsa J. Beck, "The Look Back in E.T.," ''Cinema Journal'' 31(4) (1992): 25-41, 33.</ref> [[A.O. Scott]] of  ''[[The New York Times]]'' wrote that while E.T. "is the more obvious and desperate foundling", Elliott "suffers in his own way from the want of a home"<ref name="aoscott">{{cite news | author = [[A.O. Scott]] | title = Loss and Love, A Tale Retold. | work= [[The New York Times]] | date = 2002-03-22 | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9404EED71138F931A15750C0A9649C8B63 | accessdate=2008-04-11}}</ref> (coincidentally, E.T. is the first and last letter of Eliott's name).<ref>{{cite news | first=Philip | last=Wuntch | title=Return of E.T. | work=[[The Dallas Morning News]] | date=1985-07-19 }}</ref> At the film's heart is the theme of growing up. Critic Henry Sheehan described the film as a retelling of [[Peter Pan]] from the perspective of a Lost Boy (Elliott): E.T. cannot survive physically on Earth, as Pan could not survive emotionally in [[Neverland]]; government scientists take the place of Neverland’s pirates.<ref name="sheehan">{{cite news | author = Henry Sheehan | title = The Panning of Steven Spielberg | work = Film Comment | date = May/June 1992 | url = http://www.henrysheehan.com/essays/stuv/spielberg-1.html | accessdate=2007-07-16}}</ref> Some critics have suggested that Spielberg's portrayal of suburbia is very dark, contrary to popular belief. According to A.O. Scott, "The suburban milieu, with its unsupervised children and unhappy parents, its broken toys and brand-name junk food, could have come out of a [[Raymond Carver]] story."<ref name="aoscott"/> Charles Taylor of [[Salon.com]] wrote, "Spielberg's movies, despite the way they're often characterized, are not Hollywood idealizations of families and the suburbs. The homes here bear what the cultural critic Karal Ann Marling called 'the marks of hard use'."<ref name="salon"/>
+Critics have focused on the parallels between the life of E.T. and Elliott, who is "alienated" by the loss of his father.<ref name="sebeok">Thomas A. Sebeok. "Enter Textuality: Echoes from the Extra-Terrestrial." In ''Poetics Today'' (1985), Porter Institute for Poetics and Semiotics. Published by Duke University Press.</ref><ref name="back">Ilsa J. Beck, "The Look Back in E.T.," ''Cinema Journal'' 31(4) (1992): 25-41, 33.</ref>  ''[[New York Times]]'' film critic [[A.O. Scott]] wrote that while E.T. "is the more obvious and desperate foundling," Elliott "suffers in his own way from the want of a home."<ref name="aoscott">{{cite news | author = [[A.O. Scott]] | title = Loss and Love, A Tale Retold. | publisher= [[The New York Times]] | date = [[2002-03-22]] | url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9404EED71138F931A15750C0A9649C8B63 | accessdate=2008-04-11}}</ref> At the film's heart is the theme of growing up. Critic Henry Sheehan described the film as a retelling of Peter Pan from the perspective of a Lost Boy (Elliott).<ref name="sheehan">{{cite news | author = Henry Sheehan | title = The Panning of Steven Spielberg | publisher = Film Comment | date = May/June 1992 | url = http://www.henrysheehan.com/essays/stuv/spielberg-1.html | accessdate=2007-07-16}}</ref> E.T. cannot survive physically on Earth, as Pan could not survive emotionally in Neverland; Neverland’s pirates are replaced by government scientists.<ref name="sheehan"/> Some critics have suggested that Spielberg's portrayal of suburbia is very dark, contrary to popular belief. A.O. Scott said, "The suburban milieu, with its unsupervised children and unhappy parents, its broken toys and brand-name junk food, could have come out of a [[Raymond Carver]] story",<ref name="aoscott"/> and Charles Taylor of [[Salon.com]] said, "Spielberg's movies, despite the way they're often characterized, are not Hollywood idealizations of families and the suburbs. The homes here bear what the cultural critic Karal Ann Marling called 'the marks of hard use.'"<ref name="salon"/>
-[[Image:ETChrist.jpg|thumb|190px|Spielberg admitted this scene triggered speculation as to whether the film was a religious parable.<ref name="take 22">{{cite news | author = Judith Crist | title = Take 22: Moviemakers on Moviemaking | work = Viking | date = 1984}}</ref>]]
+[[Image:ETChrist.jpg|thumb|190px|Spielberg admitted this scene triggered speculation as to whether the film was a religious parable.<ref name="take 22">{{cite news | author = Judith Crist | title = Take 22: Moviemakers on Moviemaking | publisher = Viking | date = 1984}}</ref>]]
-Other critics found religious parallels between E.T. and [[Jesus]].<ref>{{cite news | author= [[Stanley Kauffman]] |title=The Gospel According to St. Steven|work=[[The New Republic]]|date=1982-07-05}}</ref><ref>Anton Karl Kozlovic. [http://www.usask.ca/relst/jrpc/art8-cinematicchrist.html "The Structural Characteristics of the Cinematic Christ-figure,"] ''Journal of Religion and Popular Culture'' 8 (Fall 2004).</ref> Andrew Nigels described the story of E.T. as "crucifixion by military science" and "resurrection by love and faith".<ref>Nigel Andrews. "Tidings of comfort and joy." ''[[Financial Times]]'' (December 10, 1982), I11</ref> According to Spielberg biographer [[Joseph McBride]], Universal Studios appealed directly to the Christian market, with a poster reminiscent of [[Michelangelo]]'s ''[[Creation of Adam]]'' and a logo reading "Peace".<ref name="mcbride"/> Spielberg answered that he did not intend the film to be a religious parable, joking, "If I ever went to my mother and said, 'Mom, I've made this movie that's a Christian parable,' what do you think she'd say? She has a [[kosher]] restaurant on Pico and Doheny in Los Angeles."<ref name="take 22"/>
+Other critics found religious parallels between E.T. and [[Jesus Christ]].<ref>{{cite news | author= [[Stanley Kauffman]] |title=The Gospel According to St. Steven|publisher=[[The New Republic]]|date=[[1982-07-05]]}}</ref><ref>Anton Karl Kozlovic. [http://www.usask.ca/relst/jrpc/art8-cinematicchrist.html "The Structural Characteristics of the Cinematic Christ-figure,"] ''Journal of Religion and Popular Culture'' 8 (Fall 2004).</ref> Andrew Nigels described the story of E.T. as "[c]rucifixion by military science" and "[r]esurrection by love and faith".<ref>Nigel Andrews. "Tidings of comfort and joy." ''[[Financial Times]]'' (December 10, 1982), I11</ref> According to Spielberg biographer [[Joseph McBride]], [[Universal Studios]] appealed directly to the Christian market, with a poster reminiscent of [[Michelangelo]]'s ''[[Creation of Adam]]'' and a logo reading "Peace".<ref name="mcbride"/> Spielberg answered that he did not intend the film to be a religious parable, joking, "If I ever went to my mother and said, 'Mom, I've made this movie that's a Christian parable,' what do you think she'd say? She has a [[kosher]] restaurant on Pico and Doheny in Los Angeles."<ref name="take 22"/>
-As a substantial body of film criticism has built up around ''E.T.'', numerous writers have analyzed the film in other ways as well. ''E.T.'' has been interpreted as a modern [[fairy tale]]<ref name="gordon"/> and in psychoanalytic terms.<ref name="gordon">Andrew Gordon. "E.T. as a Fairy Tale," ''Science Fiction Studies'' 10 (1983): 298-305.</ref><ref name="back"/> Producer Kathleen Kennedy noted that an important theme of ''E.T.'' is [[tolerance]], which would be central to future Spielberg films such as ''[[Schindler's List]]''.<ref name="20edition"/> Having been a [[loner]] as a teenager, Spielberg described the film as "a minority story".<ref>{{cite book | author = Susan Goldman Rubin | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Harry N. Abrams, Inc. | year = 2001 | pages = 22 | isbn = 0-8109-4492-8}}</ref> Spielberg's characteristic theme of communication is partnered with the ideal of mutual understanding: he has suggested that the story's central alien-human friendship is an analogy for how real-world adversaries can learn to overcome their differences.<ref>{{cite video | people = [[Richard Schickel]] (interviewer) | title = Spielberg on Spielberg | publisher = [[Turner Classic Movies]] | year = 2007-07-09}}</ref>
+As a substantial body of film criticism has built up around ''E.T.'', numerous writers have analyzed the film in other ways as well.  E.T. has been analyzed as a modern [[fairy tale]]<ref name="gordon"/> and in psychoanalytic terms.<ref name="gordon">Andrew Gordon. "E.T. as a Fairy Tale," ''Science Fiction Studies'' 10 (1983): 298-305.</ref><ref name="back"/> Producer Kathleen Kennedy noted that an important theme of ''E.T.'' is [[tolerance]], which would be central to future Spielberg films such as ''[[Schindler's List]]''.<ref name="20edition"/> Having been a [[loner]] as a teenager, Spielberg described the film as "a minority story".<ref>{{cite book | author = Susan Goldman Rubin | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Harry N. Abrams, Inc. | date = 2001 | pages = 22 | isbn = 0-8109-4492-8}}</ref> Spielberg's common theme of communication is partnered with the ideal of common understanding as represented in his depiction of humans and aliens: he asks that if an alien and a human can become friends, so too can many enemies who live close to one another on Earth.<ref>{{cite video | people = [[Richard Schickel]] (interviewer) | title = Spielberg on Spielberg | publisher = [[Turner Classic Movies]] | year = [[2007-07-09]]}}</ref>
 ==Reception==
-''E.T.'' was previewed in [[Houston, Texas]], where it received high marks from viewers.<ref name="mcbride"/> The film premiered at the closing gala of the May 1982 [[Cannes Film Festival]],<ref name="second coming">{{cite news | author = [[Roger Ebert]] |title=E.T.: The Second Coming|work=Movieline|date=1985-08-09}}</ref> and was released in the United States on June 11, 1982. It opened at number one with a gross of $11 million, and stayed at the top of the box office for six weeks. It fluctuated between the first and second positions until January. By the end of its theatrical run, it had grossed $359.2 million domestically.<ref>{{cite web | title = E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial&nbsp;— Weekend Box Office | publisher = [[Box Office Mojo]] | url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=et.htm | accessdate=2007-04-18}}</ref> Spielberg earned $500,000 a day from his share of the profits.<ref>{{cite news | title = Spielberg's Creativity | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 1982-12-25 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50E15FD3F5C0C768EDDAB0994DA484D81 | accessdate=2007-11-06}}</ref><ref name="secrets">{{cite news | author = Jim Callo | title = Director Steven Spielberg Takes the Wraps Off E.T., Revealing His Secrets at Last | work=[[People (magazine)|People]] | date = 1982-08-23}}</ref> The Hershey Company's profits rose 65% due to the film's prominent use of Reese's Pieces.<ref name="sweet"/> The film was rereleased on July 19, 1985,<ref name="midas touch"/> and grossed $40 million domestically.<ref name="releases">{{cite web | title = E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial | publisher = [[Box Office Mojo]] | url = http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=et.htm | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> ''E.T.'' was released on [[VHS]] and [[laserdisc]] on October 27, 1988; to combat piracy, the videocassettes were colored green.<ref name="Must own DVD"/> In North America alone, VHS sales came to $75 million.<ref>{{cite news | author = Nancy Griffin | title = Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | work = [[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]] | date = June 1988 | url = http://www.premiere.com/moviehistory/3377/indiana-jones-and-the-last-crusade-page3.html | accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref>
+''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' was previewed in [[Houston, Texas]], where it received high marks from viewers.<ref name="mcbride"/> The film premiered at the closing gala of the May 1982 [[Cannes Film Festival]],<ref name="second coming">{{cite news | author = [[Roger Ebert]] |title=E.T.: The Second Coming|publisher=Movieline|date=[[1985-08-09]]}}</ref> and was released in the United States on [[June 11]], [[1982]]. It opened at number one with a gross of $11 million, and stayed at the top of the box office for six weeks. It fluctuated between the first and second positions until January. By the end of its theatrical run on [[June 3]], [[1983]], it had grossed $352 million domestically.<ref>{{cite web | title = E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial - Weekend Box Office | publisher = [[Box Office Mojo]] | url=http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=weekend&id=et.htm | accessdate=2007-04-18}}</ref> Spielberg earned $500,000 a day from his share of the profits.<ref>{{cite news | title = Spielberg's Creativity | publisher = [[New York Times]] | date = [[1982-12-25]] | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50E15FD3F5C0C768EDDAB0994DA484D81 | accessdate=2007-11-06}}</ref><ref name="secrets">{{cite news | author = Jim Callo | title = Director Steven Spielberg Takes the Wraps Off E.T., Revealing His Secrets at Last | publisher=[[People (magazine)|People]] | date = [[1982-08-23]]}}</ref> The Hershey Company's profits rose 65% due to the film's prominent use of Reese's Pieces.<ref name="sweet"/> The film was rereleased on [[July 19]], [[1985]],<ref name="midas touch"/> and grossed $40 million domestically.<ref name="releases">{{cite web | title = E.T.: THE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL | publisher = [[Box Office Mojo]] | url = http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?page=releases&id=et.htm | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> ''E.T.'' was released on [[VHS]] and [[laserdisc]] on [[October 27]], [[1988]]; to combat piracy, the videocassettes were colored green.<ref name="Must own DVD"/> $75 million worth of VHS copies were sold in North America alone.<ref>{{cite news | author = Nancy Griffin | title = Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | publisher = [[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]] | date = June 1988 | url = http://www.premiere.com/moviehistory/3377/indiana-jones-and-the-last-crusade-page3.html | accessdate=2008-02-10}}</ref>
-[[Image:Ronald Reagan and Steven Spielberg 1.jpg|200px|thumb|Spielberg with President [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[Nancy Reagan]], fans of the film, in 1986]]
+[[Image:Ronald Reagan and Steven Spielberg 1.jpg|200px|thumb|Spielberg with President [[Ronald Reagan]] and [[Nancy Reagan]] after a screening of ''E.T.'']]
-Critics acclaimed ''E.T.'' as a classic. [[Roger Ebert]] wrote, "This is not simply a good movie. It is one of those movies that brush away our cautions and win our hearts."<ref name="second coming"/> [[Michael Sragow]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' called Spielberg "a [[space age]] [[Jean Renoir]]... [F]or the first time, [he] has put his breathtaking technical skills at the service of his deepest feelings."<ref>{{cite news | author = Michael Sragow | title = Extra-Terrestrial Perception | publisher = [[Rolling Stone]] | date = [[1982-07-08]]}}</ref> [[Leonard Maltin]] called it the best film of the year.<ref>{{cite news | author = [[Leonard Maltin]] | title = Leonard Maltin's Top 25 for 25 Years | work = [[Entertainment Tonight]] | date = 2007-05-31 | url = http://www.etonline.com/movies/spotlight/48377/index.html | accessdate=2007-06-01}}</ref> [[George Will]] was one of the few to pan the film, feeling it spread subversive notions about childhood and science,<ref>{{cite news | author = [[George Will]] | title = Well, ''I'' Don't Love You, E.T. | work = [[Newsweek]] | date = 1982-07-19}}</ref> while [[Vincent Canby]] of the ''[[New York Times]]'' criticized it for "freely recycl[ing] elements from [...] ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]'' and ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]''".<ref>{{cite book | author = Susan Goldman Rubin | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Harry N. Abrams, Inc. | year = 2001 | pages = 53 | isbn = 0-8109-4492-8}}</ref>
+Critics acclaimed ''E.T.'' as a classic. [[Roger Ebert]] wrote, "This is not simply a good movie. It is one of those movies that brush away our cautions and win our hearts."<ref name="second coming"/> [[Michael Sragow]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' called Spielberg "a [[space age]] [[Jean Renoir]].... [F]or the first time, [he] has put his breathtaking technical skills at the service of his deepest feelings."<ref>{{cite news | author = Michael Sragow | title = Extra-Terrestrial Perception | publisher = [[Rolling Stone]] | date = [[1982-07-08]]}}</ref> [[Leonard Maltin]] called it the best film of the year.<ref>{{cite news | author = [[Leonard Maltin]] | title = Leonard Maltin's Top 25 for 25 Years | publisher = [[Entertainment Tonight]] | date = [[2007-05-31]] | url = http://www.etonline.com/movies/spotlight/48377/index.html | accessdate=2007-06-01}}</ref> [[George Will]] was one of the few to pan the film, feeling it spread subversive notions about childhood and science,<ref>{{cite news | author = [[George Will]] | title = Well, ''I'' Don't Love You, E.T. | publisher = [[Newsweek]] | date = [[1982-07-19]]}}</ref> while [[Vincent Canby]] of the ''[[New York Times]]'' criticized it for "freely recycl[ing] elements from [...] ''[[Peter Pan (1953 film)|Peter Pan]]'' and ''[[The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)|The Wizard of Oz]]''".<ref>{{cite book | author = Susan Goldman Rubin | title = Steven Spielberg | publisher = Harry N. Abrams, Inc. | date = 2001 | pages = 53 | isbn = 0-8109-4492-8}}</ref>
-There were allegations that the film was plagiarized from a 1967 script, ''[[The Alien]]'', by celebrated [[Bengali cinema|Bengali]] director [[Satyajit Ray]]. Ray stated, "''E.T.'' would not have been possible without my script of ''The Alien'' being available throughout the United States in mimeographed copies." Spielberg denied this claim, stating, "I was a kid in high school when his script was circulating in Hollywood."<ref>{{cite news | author = John Newman | title = Satyajit Ray Collection receives Packard grant and lecture endowment | publisher = [[University of California, Santa Cruz]] | date = 2001-09-17 | url = http://www.ucsc.edu/currents/01-02/09-17/ray.html UC Santa Cruz Currents online article}}</ref>
+There were allegations that the film was plagiarized from a 1967 script, ''[[The Alien]]'', by celebrated [[Bengali cinema|Bengali]] director [[Satyajit Ray]]. Ray stated, "''E.T.'' would not have been possible without my script of ''The Alien'' being available throughout the United States in mimeographed copies." Spielberg denied this claim, stating, "I was a kid in high school when his script was circulating in Hollywood."<ref>{{cite news | author = John Newman | title = Satyajit Ray Collection receives Packard grant and lecture endowment | publisher = UC Santa Cruz | date = [[2001-09-17]] | url = http://www.ucsc.edu/currents/01-02/09-17/ray.html UC Santa Cruz Currents online article}}</ref>
-''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' holds a 98% "fresh" rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]], making it the best reviewed science fiction film on the site.<ref>{{cite web | title = 100 Best-Reviewed Sci-Fi Movies | work= [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | year = 2007 | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/features/special/2007/scifi/?r=1&mid=1006389 | accessdate=2007-07-19}}</ref> It has a [[Metacritic]] score of 94, categorized by the website as "universal acclaim".<ref>{{cite web | title = E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (re-release) | work= [[Metacritic]] | url = http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/et?q=E.T. | accessdate=2008-10-16}}</ref> In addition to the many impressed critics, President [[Ronald Reagan]] and first lady [[Nancy Reagan]] were moved by the film after a screening at the [[White House]] on June 27, 1982.<ref name="secrets"/> [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess Diana]] was in tears after watching the film.<ref name="20edition"/> On September 17, 1982, the film was screened at the [[United Nations]], and Spielberg received the U.N. Peace Medal.<ref>{{cite news | title = U.N. Finds ''E.T.'' O.K. | work = The Twilight Zone Magazine |date=February 1983}}</ref>
+''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' holds a 98% "fresh" rating on [[Rotten Tomatoes]], making it the best reviewed [[science fiction film]] on the site.<ref>{{cite web | title = 100 Best-Reviewed Sci-Fi Movies | publisher = [[Rotten Tomatoes]] | date = 2007 | url = http://www.rottentomatoes.com/features/special/2007/scifi/?r=1&mid=1006389 | accessdate=2007-07-19}}</ref> It also has a 94% rating of "universal acclaim" on [[Metacritic]]. In addition to the many impressed critics, President [[Ronald Reagan]] and first lady [[Nancy Reagan]] were moved by the film after a screening at the White House on [[June 27]], [[1982]].<ref name="secrets"/> [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess Diana]] was in tears after watching the film.<ref name="20edition"/> On [[September 17]], [[1982]], the film was screened at the United Nations, and Spielberg received the U.N. Peace Medal.<ref>{{cite news | title = U.N. Finds ''E.T.'' O.K. | publisher = The Twilight Zone Magazine | date = February 1983}}</ref>
-The film was nominated for nine Oscars at the [[55th Academy Awards]], including Best Picture. ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' won that award, but its director, [[Richard Attenborough]], declared, "I was certain that not only would ''E.T.'' win, but that it ''should'' win. It was inventive, powerful, [and] wonderful. I make more mundane movies."<ref>{{cite book | first= Don |last=Shay | coauthors = Jody Duncan | title = The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 million Years in the Making | publisher = Boxtree Limited | year = 1993 | pages = 122 | isbn=1-85283-774-8}}</ref> It won four Academy Awards—Best Original Music Score, Sound, Sound Effects Editing and Visual Effects. At the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globes]], the film won Best Picture in the Drama category and Best Score; it was also nominated for Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best New Male Star for Henry Thomas. The [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] awarded the film Best Picture, Best Director and a "New Generation Award" for Melissa Mathison.<ref>{{cite web | title = E.T. Awards | work = [[Allmovie]] | url = http://allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=1:15032~T4 | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> The film won [[Saturn Awards]] for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Writing, Best Special Effects, Best Music and Best Poster Art, while Henry Thomas, Robert McNaughton, and Drew Barrymore won [[Young Artist Awards]]. In addition to his Golden Globe and Saturn, composer [[John Williams]] won a [[Grammy]] and a [[BAFTA]] for the score. ''E.T.'' was also honored abroad: the film won the Best Foreign Language Film award at the Blue Ribbon in Japan, Cinema Writers Circle Awards in Spain, César Awards in France, and David di Donatello in Italy.<ref>{{cite web | title = Awards for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) | work = [[Internet Movie Database]] | url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083866/awards | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref>
+The film was nominated for nine Oscars at the [[55th Academy Awards]], including Best Picture. ''[[Gandhi (film)|Gandhi]]'' won that award, but its director, [[Richard Attenborough]], declared, "I was certain that not only would ''E.T.'' win, but that it ''should'' win. It was inventive, powerful, [and] wonderful. I make more mundane movies."<ref>{{cite book | first= Don |last=Shay | coauthors = Jody Duncan | title = The Making of Jurassic Park: An Adventure 65 million Years in the Making | publisher = Boxtree Limited | date = 1993 | pages = 122 | isbn=1-85283-774-8}}</ref> It won four Academy Awards, including Best Original Music Score, Sound, Sound Effects Editing and Visual Effects. At the [[Golden Globe Award|Golden Globes]], the film won Best Picture in the Drama category and was nominated for Best Director, Best Screenplay and Best New Male Star for Henry Thomas. The [[Los Angeles Film Critics Association]] awarded the film Best Picture, Best Director and a "New Generation Award" for Melissa Mathison.<ref>{{cite web | title = E.T. Awards | publisher = [[All Movie Guide]] | url = http://allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=1:15032~T4 | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> Composer [[John Williams]] won a [[Grammy]], a [[BAFTA]], and a Golden Globe for the score. The film won [[Saturn Awards]] for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Writing, Best Special Effects, Best Music and Best Poster Art, while Henry Thomas, Robert McNaughton, and Drew Barrymore won [[Young Artist Awards]]. ''E.T.'' was also honored abroad: the film won the Best Foreign Language Film award at the Blue Ribbon in Japan, Cinema Writers Circle Awards in Spain, César Awards in France, and David di Donatello in Italy.<ref>{{cite web | title = Awards for E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) | publisher = [[Internet Movie Database]] | url = http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0083866/awards | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref>
-[[Image:ET Communicator Cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Makeshift communicator used by E.T. to phone home]]
+[[Image:ET_Communicator_Cropped.jpg|thumb|left|Makeshift communicator used by E.T. to phone home.]]
-In [[American Film Institute]] polls, ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' has been voted the 25th greatest film of all time;<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|url=http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/movies.aspx|accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> the 44th most thrilling;<ref>{{cite web|title=America's Most Heart-Pounding Movies|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> the sixth most uplifting;<ref>{{cite web|title=America's Most Uplifting Movies|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|url=http://www.afi.com/docs/tvevents/pdf/cheers100.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> as having the 14th greatest music score;<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/scores25.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> and as the third greatest science-fiction film.<ref>{{cite news | author = [[American Film Institute]] | title = AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres | work = ComingSoon.net | date = 2008-06-17 | url = http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 | accessdate=2008-06-18}}</ref> The quote "E.T. phone home" was listed 15th on [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes]] list,<ref>{{cite web | title = AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes | publisher = [[American Film Institute]]  | url = http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/quotes.aspx#list | accessdate = 2007-02-15}}</ref> and 48th on ''[[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s top movie quote list.<ref>{{cite news | title = The 100 Greatest Movie Lines | work = [[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]] | url = http://www.premiere.com/gallery.aspx?section_id=66&webtrends_section=best&article_id=3713&section_prefix=best&window_id=1&gallery_id=298&page_number=1&seq=53&cnt=49 | accessdate = 2007-04-26}}</ref> ''E.T.'' has been selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Films Selected to The National Film Registry, Library of Congress 1989-2006 | publisher = National Film Registry of the Library of Congress | url = http://www.loc.gov/film/nfrchron.html | accessdate = 2007-02-15}}</ref> In 2005, the film topped a [[Channel 4]] poll of the 100 greatest family films,<ref>{{cite web | title = 100 Greatest Family Films | publisher = [[Channel 4]] | url = http://www.channel4.com/film/newsfeatures/microsites/F/greatest-familymovies/results/5-1.html | accessdate = 2007-02-15}}</ref> and was also listed by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' as one of the 100 best films ever made.<ref>{{cite web | author=[[Richard Corliss]] | title = E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982) | work = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/0,23220,e_t,00.html | accessdate=2007-04-20}}</ref> In 2003, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' called the film the eighth most "tear-jerking";<ref>{{cite news | title = #8 E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial | work = [[Entertainment Weekly]] | date = 2003-11-19 | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,547069,00.html | accessdate=2007-05-11}}</ref> in 2007, in a survey of both films and television series, the magazine declared ''E.T.'' the seventh greatest work of science-fiction media in the past 25 years.<ref>{{cite news | author = Gregory Kirschling | title = The Sci-Fi 25 | work = [[Entertainment Weekly]] | date = 2007-05-07 | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20036782_20037403_20037541_19,00.html | accessdate=2007-05-07}}</ref> ''[[The Times]]'' also named E.T. as their ninth favorite alien in a film, calling it "one of the best-loved non-humans in popular culture".<ref>{{cite news | author=Michael Moran|title=The 40 most memorable aliens|work=[[The Times]]|date=2007-10-05|url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/specials/space/article2575490.ece|accessdate=2007-10-08}}</ref>
+In [[American Film Institute]] polls, ''E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial'' has been voted the twenty-fifth greatest film of all time;<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 YEARS...100 MOVIES|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|url=http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/movies.aspx|accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> the forty-fourth most thrilling;<ref>{{cite web|title=America's Most Heart-Pounding Movies|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/thrills100.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> the sixth most uplifting;<ref>{{cite web|title=America's Most Uplifting Movies|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|url=http://www.afi.com/docs/tvevents/pdf/cheers100.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> as having the fourteenth greatest music score;<ref>{{cite web|title=AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores|publisher=[[American Film Institute]]|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/tvevents/pdf/scores25.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate=2007-04-04}}</ref> and as the third greatest science-fiction film.<ref>{{cite news | author = [[American Film Institute]] | title = AFI Crowns Top 10 Films in 10 Classic Genres | work = ComingSoon.net | date = 2008-06-17 | url = http://www.comingsoon.net/news/movienews.php?id=46072 | accessdate=2008-06-18}}</ref> The quote "E.T. phone home" was listed fifteenth on [[AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes]] list,<ref>{{cite web | title = AFI's 100 YEARS...100 MOVIE QUOTES | publisher = [[American Film Institute]]  | url = http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/quotes.aspx#list | accessdate = 2007-02-15}}</ref> and forty-eighth on ''[[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]]''<nowiki>'</nowiki>s top movie quote list.<ref>{{cite news | title = The 100 Greatest Movie Lines | publisher = [[Premiere (magazine)|Premiere]] | url = http://www.premiere.com/gallery.aspx?section_id=66&webtrends_section=best&article_id=3713&section_prefix=best&window_id=1&gallery_id=298&page_number=1&seq=53&cnt=49 | accessdate = 2007-04-26}}</ref> ''E.T.'' has been selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Films Selected to The National Film Registry, Library of Congress 1989-2006 | publisher = National Film Registry of the Library of Congress | url = http://www.loc.gov/film/nfrchron.html | accessdate = 2007-02-15}}</ref> In 2005, the film topped a [[Channel 4]] poll of the 100 greatest family films,<ref>{{cite web | title = 100 Greatest Family Films | publisher = [[Channel 4]] | url = http://www.channel4.com/film/newsfeatures/microsites/F/greatest-familymovies/results/5-1.html | accessdate = 2007-02-15}}</ref> and was also listed by ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' as one of the 100 best films ever made.<ref>{{cite web | author=[[Richard Corliss]] | title = E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial (1982) | publisher = [[Time (magazine)|Time]] | url = http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/0,23220,e_t,00.html | accessdate=2007-04-20}}</ref> In 2003, ''[[Entertainment Weekly]]'' called the film the eighth most "tear-jerking";<ref>{{cite news | title = #8 E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial | publisher = [[Entertainment Weekly]] | date = [[2003-11-19]] | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,547069,00.html | accessdate=2007-05-11}}</ref> in 2007, in a survey of both films and television series, the magazine declared ''E.T.'' the seventh greatest work of science-fiction media in the past 25 years.<ref>{{cite news | author = Gregory Kirschling | title = The Sci-Fi 25 | publisher = [[Entertainment Weekly]] | date = [[2007-05-07]] | url = http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20036782_20037403_20037541_19,00.html | accessdate=2007-05-07}}</ref> ''[[The Times]]'' also named E.T. as their ninth favorite alien in a film, calling it "one of the best-loved non-humans in popular culture."<ref>{{cite news | author =Michael Moran|title=The 40 most memorable aliens|publisher=[[The Times]]|date=[[2007-10-05]]|url=http://technology.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/tech_and_web/specials/space/article2575490.ece|accessdate=2007-10-08}}</ref>
-==20th anniversary version==
+==20th anniversary edition==
-[[Image:ET1982.jpg|thumb|185px|The 20th anniversary version of the film replaces the guns, used by the police, with walkie-talkies.]]
+[[Image:ET1982.jpg|thumb|185px|The 20th Anniversary version of the film replaces the guns, used by the police, with walkie-talkies.]]
-An extended version of the film, including altered special effects, was released on March 22, 2002. Certain shots of E.T. had bothered Spielberg since 1982, as he did not have enough time to perfect the animatronics. [[Computer-generated imagery]] (CGI) was used to modify several shots, including ones of E.T. running in the opening sequence and being spotted in the cornfield. Spielberg also altered the spaceship's design, adding lights. Scenes shot for but not included in the original version were introduced. These included E.T. taking a bath, and Gertie telling Mary that Elliott went to the forest.<ref>{{cite video | title = Live at the Shrine! John Williams and the premiere of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial | format = DVD | publisher = Universal | year = 2002}}</ref> Spielberg did not add the scene featuring Harrison Ford, feeling that would reshape the film too drastically. Having become a father, Spielberg was more sensitive about the scene where gun-wielding federal agents threaten Elliott and his escaping friends; he digitally replaced the guns with [[walkie-talkie]]s.<ref name="20edition"/> <!-- Do not note about terrorists to hippies change, unless there is a cite proving that it was not deleted in the 1985 version.-->
+An extended version of the film released on [[March 22]], [[2002]], included altered special effects. Certain shots of E.T. had bothered Spielberg since 1982, as he did not have enough time to make the animatronics fully work. [[Computer-generated imagery]] (CGI) was used to modify several shots, including ones of E.T. running in the opening sequence and being spotted in the cornfield. Spielberg also used CGI to add elements to the spaceship. Scenes shot for but not part of the original version played.<ref>{{cite video | title = Live at the Shrine! John Williams and the premiere of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial | format = DVD | publisher = Universal | year = 2002}}</ref> The following shots were included for the first time: E.T. taking a bath, and Gertie telling Mary that Elliott went to the forest. Spielberg did not add Harrison Ford's scene, feeling that would reshape the film too drastically. Having become a father, Spielberg was more sensitive about the scene where gun-wielding federal agents threaten Elliott and his escaping friends; he digitally replaced the guns with [[walkie-talkie]]s.<ref name="20edition"/> <!-- Do not note about terrorists to hippies change, unless there is a cite proving that it was not deleted in the 1985 version.-->
-At the premiere, John Williams conducted a live performance of the score. The new release grossed $35 million domestically, bringing the film's total worldwide gross to $793 million since 1982.<ref name="releases"/> The 20th anniversary version was released as part of a two-disc DVD set on December 9, 2002; it was also packaged in a collector's edition with the original version.<ref>{{cite news | author = Richard Schuchardt | title = E.T. - The 3 Disc Edition | publisher = DVD Active | date = 2002-10-24 | url = http://www.dvdactive.com/news/releases/e-t--the-3-disc-edition.html | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> The changes to the film, particularly the escape scene, were criticized as [[political correctness]]. [[Peter Travers]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' wondered, "Remember those guns the feds carried? Thanks to the miracle of digital, they're now brandishing walkie-talkies.... Is this what two decades have done to free speech?"<ref>{{cite news | author = [[Peter Travers]] | title = E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial | work = [[Rolling Stone]] | date = 2002-03-14 | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5948461/review/5948462/et_the_extraterrestrial | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> Chris Hewitt of ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' wrote, "The changes are surprisingly low-key [...] while ILM's CGI E.T. is used sparingly as a complement to Carlo Rambaldi's extraordinary puppet."<ref>{{cite news | author = Chris Hewitt | title = E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial: 20th Anniversary Special Edition | work = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] | url = http://www.empireonline.com/reviews/reviewcomplete.asp?FID=7808 | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> ''[[South Park]]'' parodied many of the changes in the 2002 episode "[[Free Hat]]".<ref>{{cite episode |title=Free Hat |episodelink=Free Hat |series=[[South Park]] |serieslink=South Park |credits= [[Trey Parker]], [[Matt Stone]] |station=[[Comedy Central]] |airdate=2002-07-10 |season=6 |number=88}}</ref>
+At the premiere, John Williams conducted a live performance of the score while the film release grossed $35 million domestically, and brought the film's total worldwide gross to $792 million since 1982.<ref name="releases"/> The 20th Anniversary edition was released on a two-disc DVD on [[December 9]], [[2002]], and was also packaged in a collector's edition with the original version.<ref>{{cite news | author = Richard Schuchardt | title = E.T. - The 3 Disc Edition | publisher = DVD Active | date = [[2002-10-24]] | url = http://www.dvdactive.com/news/releases/e-t--the-3-disc-edition.html | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> The changes to the film, in particular the switch from shotguns to walkie-talkies, were criticized as [[political correctness]]. [[Peter Travers]] of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' wondered, "Remember those guns the feds carried? Thanks to the miracle of digital, they're now brandishing walkie-talkies.... Is this what two decades have done to free speech?"<ref>{{cite news | author = [[Peter Travers]] | title = E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial | publisher = [[Rolling Stone]] | date = [[2002-03-14]] | url = http://www.rollingstone.com/reviews/movie/5948461/review/5948462/et_the_extraterrestrial | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> Chris Hewitt of ''[[Empire (magazine)|Empire]]'' wrote, "[T]he changes are surprisingly low-key...while ILM's CGI E.T. is used sparingly as a complement to Carlo Rambaldi's extraordinary puppet."<ref>{{cite news | author = Chris Hewitt | title = E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial: 20th Anniversary Special Edition | publisher = [[Empire (magazine)|Empire]] | url = http://www.empireonline.com/reviews/reviewcomplete.asp?FID=7808 | accessdate=2007-05-12}}</ref> ''[[South Park]]'' parodied many of the changes in the 2002 episode "[[Free Hat]]".<ref>{{cite episode |title=Free Hat |episodelink=Free Hat |series=South Park |serieslink=South Park |credits= [[Trey Parker]], [[Matt Stone]] |station=[[Comedy Central]] |airdate=2002-07-10 |season=6 |number=88}}</ref>
 ==Other portrayals==
 [[Image:ETbuckleup.jpg|thumb|200px|A traffic sign depicting E.T.]]
-In July 1982, during the film's first theatrical run, Spielberg and Mathison wrote a treatment for a sequel to be titled ''E.T. II: Nocturnal Fears''. It would have seen Elliott and his friends kidnapped by evil aliens and follow their attempts to contact E.T. for help. Spielberg decided against pursuing the sequel, feeling it "would do nothing but rob the original of its virginity".<ref name="midas touch">{{cite news | author = John M. Wilson | title = E.T. Returns to Test His Midas Touch | work = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = 1985-06-16}}</ref>
+In July 1982, during the film's first theatrical run, Spielberg and Mathison wrote a treatment for a sequel to be titled ''E.T. II: Nocturnal Fears''. It would have seen Elliott and his friends kidnapped by evil aliens and follow their attempts to contact E.T. for help. Spielberg decided against pursuing the sequel, feeling it "would do nothing but rob the original of its virginity".<ref name="midas touch">{{cite news | author = John M. Wilson | title = E.T. Returns to Test His Midas Touch | publisher = [[Los Angeles Times]] | date = [[1985-06-16]]}}</ref>
+In 1998, E.T. was licensed to appear in [[television]] [[public service announcement]]s produced by [[Progressive Insurance]]. The announcements featured E.T.'s voice reminding drivers to "buckle up" their safety belts. Traffic signs depicting a stylized E.T. wearing a safety belt were installed on selected roads around the United States.<ref>{{cite news | author = Nick Madigan | title = E.T. to drive home safe road message: The Buckle Up program to air alien's plea during Super Bowl XXXIII | publisher = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= [[1998-12-29]] | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117489764.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&s=h&p=0 | accessdate = 2006-11-26}}</ref> The following year, [[British Telecommunications]] launched the "Stay in Touch" campaign, with E.T. as the star of various advertisements.<ref>{{cite news | title = ET phones home again | publisher = [[BBC]] | date = [[1999-04-08]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/314327.stm | accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref>
-[[Atari]] made a [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (video game)|video game based on the film]]. Released in 1982, it was widely considered to be [[Video games notable for negative reception|one of the worst video games ever]]. [[William Kotzwinkle]]—author of the film's [[novelization]]—wrote a sequel, ''E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet'', published in 1985. The novel concerns E.T.'s return to his planet, Brodo Asogi, his subsequent demotion and exile to his childhood "farm", and his attempts to return to Earth by effectively breaking all the laws of his planet.<ref>William Kotzwinkle, ''E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet'', [[Berkley Books]], March 1985, ISBN 0-425-07642-3</ref> ''[[E.T. Adventure]]'', a theme park ride, debuted at [[Universal Studios Florida]] in 1990. The $40 million attraction features the title character saying goodbye to visitors by name.<ref name="mcbride"/>
+[[E.T. Adventure|A theme park ride]] was also created based on the ''E.T.'' story. The $40 million attraction features the title character saying goodbye to visitors by name.<ref name="mcbride"/> [[Atari]] made a [[E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (Atari 2600)|2600 game that was based on the film]]. Despite the popularity of the film, the game was widely considered to be [[Video games notable for negative reception|one of the worst games ever]]. Along with [[Pac-Man (Atari 2600)|the Atari 2600 port of ''Pac-Man'']], the movie game is often blamed for the [[videogame crash of 1983]].
-In 1998, E.T. was licensed to appear in television [[public service announcement]]s produced by the [[Progressive Corporation]]. The announcements featured E.T.'s voice reminding drivers to "buckle up" their safety belts. Traffic signs depicting a stylized E.T. wearing a safety belt were installed on selected roads around the United States.<ref>{{cite news | author = Nick Madigan | title = E.T. to drive home safe road message: The Buckle Up program to air alien's plea during Super Bowl XXXIII | work = [[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |date= 1998-12-29 | url = http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117489764.html?categoryid=14&cs=1&s=h&p=0 | accessdate = 2006-11-26}}</ref> The following year, [[BT Group|British Telecommunications]] launched the "Stay in Touch" campaign, with E.T. as the star of various advertisements. The campaign's slogan was "B.T. has E.T.", with "E.T." also taken to mean "extra technology".<ref>{{cite news | title = ET phones home again | work = [[BBC News Online]] | date = 1999-04-08 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/314327.stm | accessdate=2007-04-22}}</ref> At Spielberg's suggestion, [[George Lucas]] included members of E.T.'s race as background characters in ''[[Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace]]'' (1999).<ref>{{cite news | author = David Bloom | title=Calling the shots | work=[[Los Angeles Daily News]] | date=1999-06-13 }}</ref>
+A sequel book was written entitled ''E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet'' by [[William Kotzwinkle]] (author of the film's [[novelization]]). The book concerns E.T.'s return to his planet, Brodo Asogi, and his subsequent demotion and exile to his childhood "farm" where he attempts to return to Earth by effectively breaking all the laws of his planet.<ref>William Kotzwinkle, ''E.T.: The Book of the Green Planet'', [[Berkley Books]], March 1985, ISBN 0-425-07642-3</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 * [http://www.et20.com/ Official homepage for the 20th anniversary edition]
 * [http://www.writingtreatments.com/et2.pdf ''Nocturnal Fears''] [[#Other portrayals|Sequel treatment]] by Spielberg and Melissa Mathison
 * {{imdb title|id=0083866|title=E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial}}
 * {{amg title|id=id=1:15032|title=E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial}}
 * {{rotten-tomatoes|id=et_the_extraterrestrial|title=E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial}}
 * ''[http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/1800060404/info E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]'' at [[Yahoo!]]
 * ''[http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=et.htm E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]'' at [[Box Office Mojo]]
 * ''[http://www.metacritic.com/video/titles/et?q=E.T. E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]'' at [[Metacritic]]
-{{start box}}{{s-ach}}
+{{start box}}{{s-awards}}
 {{succession box |
   | before = ''[[On Golden Pond (1981 film)|On Golden Pond]]''
   | after = ''[[Terms of Endearment]]''
   | title = [[Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama|Golden Globe for Best Picture - Drama]]
-  | years = 1983
+  | years = 1983|}}
-|}}
 {{succession box |
   | before = ''[[Superman II]]''
@@ Line 143: / Line 142: @@
 [[Category:American films]]
 [[Category:English-language films]]
-[[Category:Fictional extraterrestrial characters]]
+[[Category:Fictional extraterrestrials]]
 [[Category:Films directed by Steven Spielberg]]
 [[Category:Films set in San Fernando Valley]]
@@ Line 152: / Line 151: @@
 [[Category:Universal Pictures films]]
 [[Category:Amblin Entertainment films]]
-[[Category:Best Drama Picture Golden Globe winners]]
+[[bn:ই.টি. দ্য এক্সট্রা-টেরেস্ট্রিয়াল]]
-[[ar:إي تي (فيلم)]]
-[[bn:ইটি দি এক্সট্রা-টেরেস্ট্রিয়াল]]
 [[cs:E.T. - Mimozemšťan]]
-[[cy:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]
 [[de:E. T. – Der Außerirdische]]
 [[es:E.T., el extraterrestre]]
@@ Line 164: / Line 160: @@
 [[ko:이티]]
 [[hr:E.T.]]
-[[id:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]
 [[it:E.T. l'extra-terrestre]]
 [[he:אי.טי. - חבר מכוכב אחר]]
-[[lv:Citplanētietis]]
 [[nl:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]
 [[ja:E.T.]]
@@ Line 179: / Line 173: @@
 [[sv:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]
 [[ta:ஈ.டி: த எக்ஸ்ரா டெரஸ்ரியல் (திரைப்படம்)]]
-[[tr:The Extra-Terrestrial]]
+[[tr:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial]]
 [[zh:E.T. 外星人]]

v t e Steven Spielberg
Accolades Bibliography Filmography Unrealized projects
Films directed	Firelight (1964) Slipstream (1967) Amblin' (1968) Night Gallery (1969; segment "Eyes") Duel (1971) Something Evil (1972) Savage (1973) The Sugarland Express (1974) Jaws (1975) Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) 1941 (1979) Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) Twilight Zone: The Movie (1983) Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) The Color Purple (1985) Empire of the Sun (1987) Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Always (1989) Hook (1991) Jurassic Park (1993) Schindler's List (1993) The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) Amistad (1997) Saving Private Ryan (1998) A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001) Minority Report (2002) Catch Me If You Can (2002) The Terminal (2004) War of the Worlds (2005) Munich (2005) Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) The Adventures of Tintin (2011) War Horse (2011) Lincoln (2012) Bridge of Spies (2015) The BFG (2016) The Post (2017) Ready Player One (2018) West Side Story (2021) The Fabelmans (2022)
Films written	Ace Eli and Rodger of the Skies (1973) Poltergeist (1982) The Goonies (1985)
Films produced	An American Tail: Fievel Goes West (1991) Memoirs of a Geisha (2005) Flags of Our Fathers (2006) Letters from Iwo Jima (2006) Super 8 (2011) The Hundred-Foot Journey (2014) Maestro (2023) The Color Purple (2023)
Television	"L.A. 2017" (1971) Amazing Stories (1985–1987) High Incident (1996–1997) Invasion America (1998)
Video games	The Dig (1995) Steven Spielberg's Director's Chair (1996) Medal of Honor (1999) Medal of Honor: Allied Assault (2002) Boom Blox (2008) Boom Blox Bash Party (2009)
Family	Amy Irving (first wife) Kate Capshaw (second wife) Destry Spielberg (daughter) Sasha Spielberg (daughter) Arnold Spielberg (father) Anne Spielberg (sister)
Related	Amblin Partners Amblin Entertainment Amblin Television DreamWorks Television Amblimation DreamWorks Pictures DreamWorks Animation USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education Steven Spielberg Jewish Film Archive Sammy Fabelman Spielberg (2017) "Cannibal" (2022)