Phenoxymethylpenicillin: Difference between revisions
Toxicology |
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== Adverse Effects and Precautions == |
== Adverse Effects and Precautions == |
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Phenoxymethylpenicillin is usually well tolerated but may occasionally cause transient [[nausea]], vomiting, epigastric distress, [[diarrhea]], and [[black hairy tongue]]. A previous [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivity reaction]] to ''any'' [[penicillin]] is a [[contraindication]].<ref name="DailyMed"/><ref name="Martindale"/> |
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is usually well tolerated but may occasionally cause transient [[nausea]], vomiting, epigastric distress, [[diarrhea]], and [[black hairy tongue]]. A previous [[hypersensitivity|hypersensitivity reaction]] to ''any'' [[penicillin]] is a [[contraindication]].<ref name="DailyMed"/><ref name="Martindale"/> |
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== Toxicology == |
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{{Expand-section|date=26 March 2010}} |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 08:54, 26 March 2010
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| License data | |
| Routes of administration | enteral |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 60% |
| Protein binding | 80% |
| Metabolism | hepatic |
| Elimination half-life | 30–60 min |
| Excretion | renal |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number |
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| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.001.566 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C16H18N2O5S |
| Molar mass | 350.39 g/mol g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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Phenoxymethylpenicillin, commonly known as penicillin V, is the orally active form of penicillin. It is less active than benzylpenicillin, however, and is appropriate only in conditions where high tissue concentrations are not required. Phenoxymethylpenicillin exerts a bactericidal action against penicillin sensitive microorganisms during the stage of active multiplication. It acts through the inhibition of biosynthesis of cell-wall Peptidoglycan. It is not active against the Beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, which include many strains of staphylococci.[1]
Phenoxymethylpenicillin has a range of antimicrobial activity similar to that of benzylpenicillin and a similar mode of action. It may be less active against some susceptible organisms, particularly Gram-negative bacteria. The mechanisms and patterns of resistance to phenoxymethylpenicillin are similar to those of benzylpenicillin.[1][2]
It is used only for the treatment of mild to moderate infections, and not for chronic, severe, or deep-seated infections since absorption can be unpredictable. Therapy should be guided by bacteriological studies (including sensitivity tests) and by clinical response.[1] Patients treated initially with parenteral benzylpenicillin may continue oral treatment with phenoxymethylpenicillin once a satisfactory clinical response has been obtained.[2]
Indications
Specific indications for phenoxymethylpenicillin include:[2][3]
- Infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes
- Tonsillitis
- Pharyngitis
- Skin infections
- Anthrax (mild uncomplicated infections)
- Lyme disease (early stage in pregnant women or young children)
- Pharyngitis or tonsillitis
- Rheumatic fever (primary and secondary prophylaxis)
- Streptococcal skin infections
- Spleen disorders (pneumococcal infection prophylaxis)
- Moderate-to-severe gingivitis (with metronidazole)
Penicillin V is the first choice in the treatment of odontogenic infections.
Adverse Effects and Precautions
Phenoxymethylpenicillin is usually well tolerated but may occasionally cause transient nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, diarrhea, and black hairy tongue. A previous hypersensitivity reaction to any penicillin is a contraindication.[1][2]
Toxicology
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (26 March 2010) |
References
- ^ a b c d "Penicillin V Potassium tablet: Drug Label Sections". U.S. National Library of Medicine, Daily Med: Current Medication Information. 12/2006. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b c d Sweetman S., ed. (2002). Martindale: The complete drug reference (Electronic version ed.). London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the Pharmaceutical Press.
- ^ Rossi S., ed. (2006). Australian Medicines Handbook. Adelaide: Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd. ISBN 0-9757919-2-3.