Jump to content

Rambhadracharya: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
Khamgatam (talk | contribs)
1,555 edits
m +1 external link
mNo edit summary
Line 320: Line 320:


<!--Other languages-->
<!--Other languages-->
{{Link FA|hi}}
[[hi:जगद्गुरु रामभद्राचार्य]]
[[hi:जगद्गुरु रामभद्राचार्य]]
[[sa:जगद्गुरुरामभद्राचार्यः]]
[[sa:जगद्गुरुरामभद्राचार्यः]]

Revision as of 16:04, 10 July 2011

Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya (जगद्गुरुरामभद्राचार्यः)
Jagadguru Rāmabhadrāchārya delivering a sermon on October 25, 2009
Personal
Born
Giridhara Miśra

(1950-01-14)14 January 1950
Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Organization
PhilosophyViśiṣṭādvaita Vedānta
Senior posting
GuruPaṇḍita Īśvaradāsa Mahārāja
HonorsDharmacakravartī, Mahāmahopādhyāya, Śrīcitrakūṭatulasīpīṭhādhīśvara, Jagadguru Rāmānandācārya, Mahākavi, Prasthānatrayībhāṣyakāra etc

Jagadguru Rambhadracharya (Sanskrit: जगद्गुरुरामभद्राचार्यः, Hindi: जगद्गुरु रामभद्राचार्य, IAST: Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya, Sanskrit pronunciation: [ɟəɡəd̪ɡuru rɑːməbʱəd̪rɑːcɑːrjə]) (1950–), born Giridhar Mishra (IAST: Giridhara Miśra), is an acclaimed scholar, educationist, polyglot, composer, orator, philosopher and Hindu religious leader based in Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh, India.[2] He is one of the four incumbent Jagadguru Rāmānandācāryas (leaders of the Rāmānandī monastic order), and has held this title since 1988 CE.[3][4][5] He is the establisher and the head of the Tulsi Peeth, a religious and social service institution named after saint Tulasīdāsa, located in Chitrakuta.[6] He is the founder and lifelong chancellor of the Jagadguru Rambhadacharya Handicapped University, a university situated in Chitrakuta, which offers graduate and postgraduate courses exclusively to the four types of disabled students.[7][8] Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya lost his eyesight at the age of two months and has been blind since then.[3][4][9][10] He has never used Braille or any other aid to learn or compose. He can speak 22 languages, and is a spontaneous poet (Āśukavi) and composer in Sanskrit, Hindi, Avadhi, Maithili and several other languages.[9][11][12] He has composed more than 80 works, which include four epic poems (two in Sanskrit and two in Hindi), a Hindi commentary on the Rāmacaritamānasa, a Sanskrit commentary in prose on the Aṣṭādhyāyī, and Sanskrit commentaries on the Prasthānatrayī scriptures (the Brahma Sūtra, the Bhagavad Gītā and the principal Upaniṣads).[13] He is regarded as one of the greatest authorities on Tulasīdāsa in India,[10][14][15] and is the editor of a critical edition of the Rāmacaritamānasa.[16] He is a renowned Kathā artist for the Rāmāyaṇa and the Bhāgavata – his Kathā programmes are held regularly in different cities in India and abroad, and are telecast on television channels like Sanskar TV and Sanatan TV.[17][18][19][20][21][22]

Birth and early life

Jagadguru Rāmabhadrāchārya was born in a Sarayupārīṇa Brāhmaṇa family of Vaśiṣṭha Gotra in Shandikhurd village of Jaunpur district in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. His birth took place at 10:34 pm on the Makara Saṅkrānti day of Saturday, January 14, 1950 (Māgha Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī). Born to mother Śacīdevī and father Paṇḍita Rājadeva Miśra, he was named Giridhara by his grandaunt, a paternal cousin of his paternal grandfather Paṇḍita Sūryabalī Miśra. The grandaunt was a devotee of Mirabai, a female saint of the Bhakti era in medieval India, who used the name Giridhara to address Kṛṣṇa in her compositions.[9][23]

Loss of Eyesight

Giridhara lost his eyesight at the age of two months. On March 24, 1950, his eyes were infected by Trachoma. There were no advanced facilities for treatment in the village. He was taken to a local quack, an elderly woman who was known to cure Trachoma. She poured a hot concoction in the baby's eyes to burst the Trachoma lumps, but the eyes started bleeding and the baby lost its eyesight.[24] To restore his eyesight, he was taken by his family to various Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Allopathic and alternate medicine physicians in Sitapur, Lucknow and Mumbai, but to no avail.[23] Giridhara Miśra has been without eyesight ever since. He cannot read or write, as he does not use the Braille system, but learns by listening and composes by dictating to scribes.[24]

First composition

As Giridhara's father used to work in Mumbai, his initial learning was from his paternal grandfather at home. During afternoons, his grandfather used to narrate to him various episodes of the Rāmāyaṇa, the Mahābhārata and other works like Viśrāmasāgara, Sukhasāgara, Premasāgara, Brajavilāsa, et cetera. At the age of three years, Giridhara composed his first piece of poetry, the following pada, in Hindi (Avadhi) and recited it to his grandfather. In this poem, Yaśodā is fighting with a Gopī for hurting Kṛṣṇa.[23]

Template:Multicol

Devanagari
मेरे गिरिधारी जी से काहे लरी ।
तुम तरुणी मेरो गिरिधर बालक काहे भुजा पकरी ॥
सुसुकि सुसुकि मेरो गिरिधर रोवत तू मुसुकात खरी ॥
तू अहिरिन अतिसय झगराऊ बरबस आय खरी ॥
गिरिधर कर गहि कहत जसोदा आँचर ओट करी ॥

Template:Multicol-break

IAST
mere giridhārī jī se kāhe larī ।
tuma taruṇī mero giridhara bālaka kāhe bhujā pakarī ॥
susuki susuki mero giridhara rovata tū musukāta kharī ॥
tū ahirina atisaya jhagarāū barabasa āya kharī ॥
giridhara kara gahi kahata jasodā āʼncara oṭa karī ॥

Template:Multicol-end

Why did you fight with my Giridhara (Kṛṣṇa)? You are a young maiden, and my Giridhara (Kṛṣṇa) is but a child, why did you hold his arm? My Giridhara (Kṛṣṇa) is crying, sobbing repeatedly, and you stand [look at him] smirkingly! O Ahir lady (cowherd girl), you are excessively inclined to quarrel, and come and stand here uninvited." Giridhara (the poet) sings - so says Yaśodā, holding on to the hand of Giridhara (Kṛṣṇa) and covering [her face] with the end of her Sari.

Mastering Gita and Rāmcaritamānasa

Possessing a remarkable memory, Giridhara memorized the entire 700 verses of Bhagavad Gītā with chapter and verse numbers in 15 days at the age of five years, with the help of his neighbour, Paṇḍita Muralīdhara Miśra. On the Janmashtami day in 1955, he recited the entire Bhagavad Gītā.[10][23][25] Incidentally, 52 years after memorizing the Gītā, he would go on to release the first ever Braille version of the scripture, with the original Sanskrit text and a Hindi commentary, at New Delhi on November 30, 2007.[26][27][28][29] When Giridhara was seven years old, he memorized the entire Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasīdāsa (approximately 10,900 verses) with chapter and verse numbers in 60 days, assisted by the efforts of his grandfather. On Rāmanavamī day of 1957, he recited the entire epic while fasting.[23][25] Later, Giridhara went on to memorize the Vedas, Upaniṣads, works of Sanskrit grammar, the Bhāgavata Purāṇa, all works of Tulasīdāsa and many other works in Sanskrit and Indian literature.[10][23]

Upanayana and Kathāvācana

His Upanayana Saṃskāra was performed on the Nirjala Ekadashi day of June 24, 1961. On this day, besides being given the Gāyatrī Mantra, he was initiated (given Dīkṣā) into the Mantra of Rāma by Paṇḍita Īśvaradāsa Mahārāja of Ayodhyā. Having mastered the Bhagavad Gītā and Rāmcaritamānasa at a very young age, Giridhara started visiting the Kathā programmes held once every three years (in the Purushottama month) near his village. At the third programme he went to, he presented a Kathā on Rāmcaritamānasa which was acclaimed by several famous exponents of the Kathā art.[23]

Formal Education

Schooling

On July 7, 1967, Giridhara Miśra joined the Adarsh Gaurishankar Sanskrit College in Jaunpur to study Sanskrit Vyākaraṇa (grammar) along with Hindi, English, Maths, History and Geography.[30] With an ability to memorize everything by listening to it just once, he never took help of Braille or other aids to study. In three months, he had memorized and mastered the entire Laghusiddhāntakaumudī of Varadarāja.[30] He topped his class for four years, passing the Prathamā (primary) to Madhyamā (secondary) examinations in Sanskrit with first class and distinction.[25]

First Sanskrit composition

While studying at the Adarsh Gaurishankar Sanskrit College, Giridhara learnt the eight Gaṇas while studying Chandaprabhā. On the next day, he composed his first Sanskrit verse, in the Bhujaṅgaprayāta metre.[30]

Template:Multicol

Devanagari
महाघोरशोकाग्निनातप्यमानं
पतन्तं निरासारसंसारसिन्धौ ।
अनाथं जडं मोहपाशेन बद्धं
प्रभो पाहि मां सेवकक्लेशहर्त्तः ॥

Template:Multicol-break

IAST
mahāghoraśokāgninātapyamānaṃ
patantaṃ nirāsārasaṃsārasindhau ।
anāthaṃ jaḍaṃ mohapāśena baddhaṃ
prabho pāhi māṃ sevakakleśaharttaḥ ॥

Template:Multicol-end

O the omnipotent Lord, the remover of the distress of your worshippers! Protect me, who is being consumed by the extremely dreadful fire of sorrows, who is helplessly falling in the ocean of the mundane world, who is without any protector, who is ignorant, and who is bonded by the shackles of delusion.

A young Giridhara Miśra in an undated photo

Graduation and Masters

In 1971, Giridhara Miśra enrolled at the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University in Varanasi for higher studies in Vyākaraṇa.[30] He topped the final examination for the Śāstrī (three years' Bachelor's degree) degree in 1974. He then enrolled for a Master's degree at the same institute. While pursuing the master's degree, he visited New Delhi to participate in various national-level competitions at the Akhila Bhāratīya Sanskrit Adhiveśana (All-India Sanskrit Conference). He won five out of the eight gold medals in Vyākaraṇa, Sāṅkhya, Nyāya, Vedānta and Sanskrit Antyākṣarī.[3] The then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, awarded the five gold medals along with the Calavaijayantī trophy for Uttar Pradesh to Giridhara.[25] Impressed by his abilities, Indira Gandhi offered to send him to the United States of America for treatment of eyes, but Giridhara Miśra turned down this offer.[24] In 1976, he topped the final Ācārya (two years' Master's degree) examinations in Vyākaraṇa winning seven gold medals and the Chancellor's gold medal.[25] In a rare achievement, although he had enrolled for a master's degree in Vyākaraṇa only, he was declared Ācārya of all subjects taught at the university for his all-round scholarship on April 30, 1976.[24][31]

Doctorate and post-doctorate

After completing his master's degree, Giridhara enrolled for a doctoral degree (PhD) at the same institute under Pandit Ramprasad Tripathi. He got a research fellowship by the University Grants Commission (UGC), but he faced financial hardship in the coming years.[24] With great difficulty, he completed his Vidyāvāridhi (PhD) degree in Sanskrit grammar on October 14, 1981 from Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. His dissertation was titled Adhyātmarāmāyaṇe Apāṇinīyaprayogānāṃ Vimarśaḥ, or Deliberation on the non-Paninian usages in the Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa. On the completion of his doctorate, UGC appointed him as the head of the Vyākaraṇa department of the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University. However, Giridhara Miśra did not accept the offer and decided to devote his life to the service of the religion, society and the disabled.[24]

Later in 1997 he was awarded the post-doctorate Vācaspati (DLitt) degree by Sampurnanand Sanskrit University for his Sanskrit dissertation Aṣṭādhyāyyāḥ Pratisūtraṃ Śābdabodhasamīkṣaṇam, or Investigation into verbal knowledge of every Sūtra of the Aṣṭādhyāyī. In this work, he explained each aphorism of the grammar of Pāṇinī using Sanskrit verses.[30]

Later life

In 1976, Giridhara Miśra narrated a Kathā on Rāmcaritamānasa to Svāmī Karapātrī. Svāmī Karapātrī advised him not to marry and to stay a lifelong Brahmacārin. Karapātrī also suggested him to take initiation in a Vaiṣṇava Sampradāya.[32] Giridhara Miśra took Vairagi initiation (Virakta Dīkṣā) in the Rāmānanda Sampradāya (monastic order) on the Kārtika full-moon day of November 19, 1983 from Śrī Śrī 1008 Śrī Rāmacaraṇadāsa Mahārāja Phālāhārī. He now came to be known as Rāmabhadradāsa.[32]

Payovrata

As per the following fifth verse of the Dohāvalī composed by Tulasidāsa, Giridhara observed a six-month Payovrata, a diet of only milk and fruits, at Chitrakuta in 1979.[32][33][34]

Template:Multicol

Devanagari
पय अहार फल खाइ जपु राम नाम षट मास ।
सकल सुमंगल सिद्धि सब करतल तुलसीदास ॥

Template:Multicol-break

IAST
paya ahāra phala khāi japu rāma nāma ṣaṭa māsa ।
sakala sumaṃgala siddhi saba karatala tulasīdāsa ॥

Template:Multicol-end

Chant the name of Rāma subsisting on only milk and fruits for six months. Says Tulasidāsa, on doing thus, all auspiciousness and accomplishments will be in one's hand.

In 1983, he observed his second Payovrata besides the Sphaṭika Śilā in Chitrakuta.[32] The Payovrata has become a regular part of Rāmabhadrācārya's life. In his sixth Payovrata in 2002, he composed the Sanskrit epic Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam.[35][36] He continues to observe Payovratas to-date, the last being his ninth Payovrata in 2010-2011.[37][38][39]

Rāmabhadrācārya garlanding a statue of Tulasīdāsa at Tulsi Peeth, Chitrakuta, India, on October 25, 2009

Tulsi Peeth

In 1987, Rāmabhadradāsa established a religious and social service institution by the name Tulasī Pīṭha (the seat of Tulsi) in Chitrakuta, where, according to the Rāmāyaṇa, Rāma had spent twelve out of his fourteen years of exile.[40] As the founder of the seat, the title of Śrīcitrakūṭatulasīpīṭhādhīśvara was bestowed upon him by Sādhus and intellectuals. In the Tulsi Peeth, he got a temple devoted to Sītā and Rāma constructed, which is known as Kanch Mandir (literally, glass temple).[40]

Jagadguru

Jagadguru (जगद्गुरु, literally, the Guru of the world), is a title in the Sanātana Dharma traditionally bestowed upon or used for Ācāryas belonging to the Vedānta school who have composed Sanskrit commentaries on the Prasthānatrayī - the Brahma Sūtra, the Bhagavad Gītā and the principal Upaniṣads. In medieval Indian history, there were several such commentators who were bestowed with the title of Jagadguru - Śaṅkarācarya, Nimbārkācarya, Rāmānujācarya, Madhvācarya, Rāmānandācarya, and the last being Vallabhācārya (1479–1531). After Vallabhācarya, nobody wrote Sanskrit commentaries on the Prasthānatrayī for almost 500 years.

Rāmabhadradāsa was chosen as the Jagadguru Rāmānandācārya seated at the Tulasī Pīṭha by the Kāśī Vidvat Pariṣat in Varanasi on June 24, 1988.[5] On February 3, 1989, at the Mahākumbha in Prayāga, the appointment by the Kāśī Vidvat Pariṣat was unanimously supported by the Mahantas of the three Akhārās, the four sub-Sampradāyas, the Khālasās and saints of the Rāmānanda Sampradāya.[41] On August 1, 1995, he was ritually anointed as the Jagadguru Rāmānandāchārya in Ayodhyā by the Digambara Akhārā.[3] Thereafter he was known as Jagadguru Rāmānandāchārya Svāmī Rāmabhadrācārya. Rāmabhadrācārya later composed Sanskrit commentaries titled Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam on the Brahma Sūtra, the Bhagavad Gītā and eleven Upaniṣads (Kaṭha, Kena, Māṇḍūkya, Īśāvāsya, Praśna, Taittirīya, Aitareya, Śvetāśvatara, Chāndogya, Bṛhadāraṇyaka and Muṇḍaka). These commentaries were published in 1998.[13] Earlier, he had already composed Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam on Nārada Bhakti Sūtra and Rāmastavarājastotram in 1991. He revived the Jagadguru tradition by composing the first Sanskrit commentaries on the Prasthānatrayī in around five hundred years. He also gave the Rāmānanda sect its second Prasthānatrayī commentary in Sanskrit, the first being the Ānanda Bhāṣya composed by Rāmānanda himself.

Address at United Nations

Rāmabhadrācārya was one of the spiritual and religious Gurus from India at the Millennium World Peace Summit organized by the United Nations in New York City from August 28 to 31, 2000. While addressing the gathering, he gave Sanskrit definitions for the words Bhārata (the ancient name of India) and Hindū (Hindu), and touched upon the Nirguṇa and Saguṇa aspects of God. In his speech on Peace, he called out to the developed and developing nations to come together and strive for the eradication of poverty, the fight against terrorism and nuclear disarmament. At the end of his speech, he recited the Shanti Mantra.[42][43][44]

Deposition in the Ayodhya case

In July 2003, Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya deposed as an expert witness for religious matters (OPW 16) in the Other Original Suit Number 5 of the Ram Janmabhoomi Babri Masjid dispute case in the Allahabad High Court.[45][46][47] Some portions of his affidavit and cross examination are quoted in the final judgement by the High Court.[48][49][50] In his affidavit, he cited the ancient Hindu scriptures (Vālmīki's Rāmāyaṇa, Rāmatāpanīya Upaniṣad, Skanda Purāṇa, Yajurveda, Atharvaveda, et cetera) describing Ayodhyā as a city holy to Hindus and the birthplace of Rāma. He cited verses composed by Tulasīdāsa from two works which in his opinion talk about the dispute - eight verses from a work called Dohā Śataka which describe the destruction of a temple and construction of a mosque at the disputed site in 1528 CE, and one verse from a work called Kavitāvalī which mentions a mosque.[48] In his cross examination, he described in some detail the history of the Rāmānanda sect, its Maṭhas, rules regarding Mahantas, formation and working of Akhāras, and Tulasīdāsa's works.[48] Refuting the possibility of the original temple being to the North of the disputed area (as pleaded by the pro-mosque parties), he described the boundaries of the Janmabhoomi as mentioned in the Ayodhyā Māhātmya section of Skanda Purāṇa, which tallied with the present location of disputed area as noted by Justice Sudhir Agarwal.[48]

Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University

Jagadguru Rambhadracharya with Mobility Impaired students in front of the main building of JRHU on January 2, 2005

On August 23, 1996, Svāmī Rāmabhadrācārya established a school named Tulasi School for the Blind in Chitrakuta for blind students.[24][40] After this, he decided to establish an institution of higher learning solely for disabled students. With this aim, he founded the Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University on September 27, 2001 in Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh.[51][52] This is the first university exclusively for the disabled in India and the world.[53][54] The university was created by an ordinance by the Uttar Pradesh Government, which was later passed as the Uttar Pradesh State Act 32 (2001) by the Uttar Pradesh legislature.[55][56][57][58] The act appointed Svāmī Rāmabhadrācārya as the life-long chancellor of the university. The university offers graduate, post-graduate and doctorate degrees in various streams including Sanskrit, Hindi, English, Sociology, Psychology, Music, Drawing and Painting, Fine Arts, Special Education, Education, History, Culture & Archeology, Computer & Information Sciences, Vocational Education, Law, Economics, and Prosthetics and Orthotics.[59] The university plans to start offering courses in Ayurveda and Medical Sciences from 2013.[60] Admissions are restricted to the four types of disabled students – visually impaired, hearing impaired, mobility impaired and mentally impaired, as defined by the Disability Act (1995) of the Government of India. As per the Government of Uttar Pradesh, the university is among the chief educational institutes for Information Technology and Electronics in the state.[61] 354 disabled students were awarded various degrees in the second convocation of the university held in March 2010.[62][63][64] In the third convocation held in January 2011, 388 students were awarded degrees.[65][66]

Critical Edition of Rāmacaritamānasa

Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya presenting the critical edition of Rāmacaritamānasa edited by him to the president of India, Pratibha Patil

The Rāmcaritamānasa was composed by Tulasīdāsa in the late sixteenth century. Over four hundred years, it became extremely popular in northern India, and is often referred to as the "Bible of northern India" by Western Indologists.[67][68] Numerous editions of the epic are in existence, including older editions like the Shri Venkateshwar Press (Khemraj Shrikrishnadass) and Rameshvara Bhatta editions, and newer editions like the Gita Press, Motilal Banarsidass, Kaudorama, Kapurthala and Patna editions.[69] Commentaries include Mānasapīyūṣa, Mānasagūḍhārthacandrikā, Mānasamayaṃka, Vināyakī, Vijayā and Bālabodhinī.[70] There are many places where these editions differ in the number of verses, the original text, and spelling and grammar conventions like case endings, use of Anunāsika, et cetera.[70] Some editions, including the Shri Venkateshwar Press and Motilal Banarsidass editions contain an additional eighth Kanda as a supplement.[71][72]

In the twentieth century, critical editions of the Mahābhārata and Vālmīki's Rāmāyaṇa were published by the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute and Maharaja Sayajirao University respectively.[73][74] Svamī Rāmabhadrācārya, who had done more than four thousand recitations of the entire Rāmcaritamānasa since childhood until 2006,[70] came out with a critical edition of the Rāmcaritamānasa after studying as many as fifty different editions during eight years of research.[69] This edition was published as the Tulsi Peeth edition. Apart from the original text, for which Rāmabhadrācārya has relied more on older manuscripts,[69] there are differences in spelling, grammatical and prosodic conventions between this edition and contemporary editions of the Rāmcaritamānasa as follows.[70][75]

  1. Several current-day editions, including the one by Gita Press, consider one Caupaī verse to be a unit of 64 instants in two lines wherein each line in turn consists of two parts of 16 instants each. Some other scholars count one Caupaī verse as a unit of 32 instants only.[76] Rāmabhadrācārya has considered a Caupaī of 32 instants in one line, citing the examples of Hanuman Chalisa and the critique of Padmavat by Ramchandra Shukla in support. He says that the Caupaī still has four feet due to the ceasura after every eighth instant. As a result, his numbering convention is the same as that followed by Philip Lutgendorf.[77]
  2. Apart from some exceptions (like when needed to satisfy the prosodic constraints), the Tulsi Peeth edition does not have words in nominative and accusative case ending in the rounded vowel (Unicode उ, IPA /u/) as seen in current-day editions. Rāmabhadrācārya considers the endings to be artifacts in manuscripts, calling such endings unnatural in Avadhi. Most of the corresponding words in the text of Tulsi Peeth edition end in the central vowel (Unicode अ, IPA /ɐ/).
  3. The Tulsi Peeth edition does not use nasalized vowels (Anunāsika) to indicate case endings. As per Rāmabhadrācārya, this is same as older editions where use of Anunāsika for case endings is absent.
  4. In place of the conjunct nasal-fricative consonants nh (Unicode न्ह्, IPA /n̪ɦ/) and mh (Unicode म्ह्, IPA /mɦ/) seen in accusative plural and second person pronoun usages in contemporary editions, the Tulsi Peeth edition has the single nasal consonants n (Unicode न्, IPA /n̪/) and m (Unicode म्, IPA /m/), respectively.
  5. For Tadbhava words, the Tulsi Peeth edition uses the dental fricative s (Unicode स्, IPA /s̪/) instead of the the palatal fricative ś (Unicode श्, IPA /ɕ/) in the corresponding Tatsama form selectively, only at places where the replacement does not result in a faux pas. For example, the dental fricative is used in the word सोभा (sobhā, from Sanskrit śobhā, meaning splendour or brilliance), but the palatal fricative is unchanged in शंकर (Śaṃkara, a name for Śiva) where the replacement would result in संकर (Śaṃkara) which means a mixed offspring from promiscuous cohabitation.[78] Contemporary editions use the dental fricative throughout.

In November 2009, there was a controversy over this edition in Ayodhyā, when the Akhil Bharatiya Akhara Parishad and Ram Janmabhoomi Nyas demanded an apology from Svamī Rāmabhadrācārya over the Tulsi Peeth edition, accusing him of tampering with the epic.[69][79] Rāmabhadrācārya responded by saying that he had merely edited extant copies of the epic and not modified the original epic, just what Nanda Dulare Vajpayee had done for the Gita Press edition published in 1949.[80][81] The dispute subsided when Rāmabhadrācārya sent a letter to the Akhara Parishad, expressing regret over any annoyance or pain caused by the publication of Tulsi Peeth edition. In the letter, he requested the Akhara Parishad to consider older printed editions of the Rāmcaritamānasa as authentic, not others.[82]

Major works

Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya has composed more than 80 works, including published books and unpublished manuscripts.[13] His major compositions are as below.

Poetry

Śrībhārgavarāghaviyam, being released by Atal Behari Vajpayee (centre) in 2002. Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya is to the left.
Mahākāvyas (Epic poems, like Kumarasambhava)
  • Arundhatī (1994) – Hindi epic poem composed in 1279 verses divided into 15 cantos (sargas) on the life of the seer couple Vaśiṣṭha and Arundhati. Published by Shri Raghava Sahitya Prakashan Nidhi (Rajkot, Gujarat).
  • Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam (2002) – Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 2121 verses composed in 40 Sanskrit and Prakrit metres, divided into 21 cantos (sargas) of 101 verses each (with Hindi commentary by the poet). The epic is the narrative of the dual Rāma Avatars – Paraśurāma and Rāma. The poet was awarded the 2004 Sahitya Akademi Award for Sanskrit for the epic.[83][84] Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
  • Aṣṭāvakra (2010) – Hindi epic poem composed in 864 verses divided into 8 cantos (sargas) of 108 verses each. This epic narrates the story of the seer Aṣṭāvakra, who is presented as the flag-bearer of the disabled. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
Khaṇḍakāvyas (Minor poems, like Meghaduta)
  • Ājādacandraśekharacaritam (The Acts of Chandrashekhar Azad) – Sanskrit minor poem on the life of the Indian freedom fighter Chandrashekhar Azad (with Hindi commentary by Dr. Gita Devi Misra). Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Laghuraghuvaram (The young Rāma) – Sanskrit minor poem on Rāma composed only in the short syllables of Sanskrit. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Sarayūlaharī (The waves of Sarayū) – Sanskrit minor poem on the river Sarayū that flows through Ayodhyā. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Bhṛṅgadūtam (2004) – Sanskrit minor poem of the Dūtakāvya (messenger-poem) category, in which previous works include Meghadutam of Kalidasa, Haṃsasandeśaḥ of Vedanta Desika and Haṃsadūtam of Rupa Goswami. Consisting of 501 verses divided in two parts and composed entirely in the Mandākrānta metre, this minor poem describes the message sent by Rāma residing on the Pravarṣaṇa mountain in Kishkindha to his wife Sītā who is held captive by Rāvaṇa in Laṅkā via a bumblebee. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
  • Kāka Vidura – Hindi poem on the character Vidura from Mahabharat. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
Patrakāvya (Letter poem)
  • Kubjāpatram (The letter of the hunchback) – Sanskrit letter-poem. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
Gītakāvyas (Lyrical poems, like Gita Govinda)
  • Rāghavagītaguñjana – Hindi gītakāvya. Published by Shri Raghava Sahitya Prakashan Nidhi.
  • Bhaktigītasudhā – Hindi gītakāvya in 438 songs, on Rāma and Kṛṣṇa. Published by Shri Raghava Sahitya Prakashan Nidhi.
  • Gītarāmāyaṇam (2011) – Sanskrit gītakāvya, narrating the entire Rāmāyaṇa in 1008 Sanskrit songs divided into 28 cantos (each having 36 songs) based on traditional folk music tunes. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
Rītikāvya (Procedural-era Hindi poem, like Satasai)
  • Śrīsītārāmakelikaumudi (2008) – Hindi Rītikāvya, consisting of 327 assorted verses, divided in three parts of 109 verses each, composed in six Prakrit metres. The verses describe different activities of the child forms of the Rāma and Sītā. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
Śatakakāvya (Poems of one hundred verses)
  • Śrīrāmabhaktisarvasvam – Sanskrit poem of one hundred verses. Published by Triveni Dham (Jaipur, Rajasthan).
  • Āryāśatakam – Sanskrit poem of one hundred verses in the Āryā metre. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Caṇḍīśatakam – Sanskrit poem of one hundred verses in praise of goddess Caṇḍī. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Rāghavendraśatakam – Sanskrit poem of one hundred verses in praise of Rāma. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Gaṇapatiśatakam – Sanskrit poem of one hundred verses in praise of Gaṇeśa. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Śrīrāghavacaraṇacihnaśatakam – Sanskrit poem of one hundred verses in praise of footprints of Rāma. Unpublished manuscript.
Stotrakāvya (Eulogies)
  • Śrīgaṅgāmahimnaḥstotram – Sanskrit poem eulogizing the greatness of the river Ganges. Published by Shri Raghava Sahitya Prakashan Nidhi.
  • Śrījānakīkṛpākaṭākṣastotram – Sanskrit poem eulogizing the compassionate glance of of Sītā. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Śrīrāmavallabhāstotram – Sanskrit poem eulogizing Sītā. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Śrīcitrakūṭavihāryaṣṭakam – Sanskrit poem in eight verses eulogizing Rāma. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Bhaktisārasarvatram – Sanskrit poem. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Śrīrāghavabhāvadarśanam – Sanskrit poem in eight Śikhariṇī metres, eulogizing the birth of Rāma by comparing infant Rāma via eight Utprekṣā figures of speech respectively to the moon, a dark cloud, the ocean, an emerald, a Tamāla tree, Kamadeva, a blue lotus and a bumblebee (with Avadhi poetic translation and Hindi explanation by the poet). Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
Suprabhatam kāvya (Poem or hymn sung during early morning)
  • Śrīsītārāmasuprabhātam (The beautiful dawn of Sītā and Rāma) – Sanskrit suprabhatam poem in 40 verses composed in 8 Śārdūlavikrīḍita, 24 Vasantatilakā, 4 Sragdharā and 4 Mālinī metres (with Hindi translation by the poet). Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. Audio CD with the composition sung by the poet released by Yuki Cassettes, New Delhi.
Bhāṣyakāvya (Commentary poem)
  • Aṣṭādhyāyyāḥ Pratisūtraṃ Śābdabodhasamīkṣaṇam – Sanskrit commentary in prose on the Sūtras of the Aṣṭādhyāyī. DLitt dissertation. Under publication by the Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan.

Plays

Nāṭakakāvyas (Play poems like Abhijñānaśākuntalam)
  • Śrīrāghavābhyudayam (The rise of Rāma) – Single-act Sanskrit play on Rāma. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Utsāha – Hindi play. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.

Prose

Some of the books composed by Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya
Sanskrit commentaries on the Prasthānatrayī.
  • Śrībrahmasūtreṣu Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Brahma Sūtra. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Śrīmadbhagavadgītāsu Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Bhagavad Gītā. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Kaṭhopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Kaṭha Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Kenopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Kena Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Māṇḍūkyopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Iśāvāsyopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Iśāvāsya Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Praśnopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Praśna Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Taittirīyopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Taittirīya Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Aitareyopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Aitareya Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Śvetāsvataropaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Śvetāsvatara Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Chāndogyopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Chāndogya Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Muṇḍakopaniṣadi Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
Other Sanskrit commentaries.
  • Śrīnāradabhaktisūtreṣu Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Nārada Bhakti Sūtra. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
  • Śrīrāmastavarājastotre Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣyam – Commentary on the Rāmastavarājastotra. Published by Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas.
Hindi commentaries
  • Mahavīrī – Commentary on the Hanumān Cālīsā.
  • Bhāvārthabodhinī – Commentary on the Rāmacaritamānasa. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
  • Śrīrāghavakṛpābhāṣya - Extensive commentary on the Rāmacaritamānasa in nine volumes. Work in progress.
Critiques
  • Adhyātmarāmāyaṇe Apāṇinīyaprayogānāṃ Vimarśaḥ (1981) – Sanskrit deliberation on the non-Paninian usages in the Adhyātma Rāmāyaṇa. PhD dissertation. Unpublished manuscript.
  • Śrīrāsapañcādhyāyīvimarśaḥ (2007) – Hindi deliberation on the Rāsapañcādhyāyī section, the five chapters dealing with the celestial dance of Kṛṣṇa with the Gopīs, of the Bhāgavata Purāṇa. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
Discourses
  • Tuma Pāvaka Maʼnha Karahu Nivāsā (2004) – Book consisting of the nine-day Hindi discourse delivered in September 2003 on the episode of Sīta's stay in fire as described in the Rāmacaritamānasa. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
  • Ahalyoddhāra (2006) – Book consisting of the nine-day Hindi discourse delivered in April 2000 on the episode of Ahalyā's liberation by Rāma. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.
  • Hara Te Bhe Hanumāna (2008) – Book consisting of the four-day Hindi discourse delivered in April 2007 on Hanumān being Śiva's incarnation. Published by Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University.

Awards and honours

Rāmabhadrācārya being presented the Vani Alankarana Puraskara by Somnath Chatterjee in 2006
Rāmabhadrācārya being given a certificate of honour by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the then President of India, on March 30, 2006

After Virakta Dīkṣā

  • 2011. Devabhūmi Award by the Government of Himachal Pradesh, Shimla. Presented by Joseph Kurien, the then Chief Justice of Himachal Pradesh High Court.[85]
  • 2008. Śrī Vācaspati Puraskāra by the K. K. Birla Foundation, New Delhi, for Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam. Presented by S. K. Singh, the then Governor of Rajasthan.[86][87]
  • 2007. Gosvāmī Tulasīdāsa Samarcana Sammāna by the Tulsi Research Institute, Municipal Corporation, Allahabad. Presented by Ramesh Chandra Lahoti, former Chief Justice of India.[88]
  • 2006. Saṃskṛta Mahāmahopādhyāya by the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan, Prayag.[89]
  • 2006. Śrī Vāṇī Alaṅkaraṇa Puraskāra by the Jaydayal Dalmiya Shri Vani Trust for Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam. Presented by Somnath Chatterjee, the then Speaker of the Lok Sabha.[2]
  • 2006. Bāṇabhaṭṭa Award by Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit Board, Bhopal, for Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam.[9]
  • 2005. Sahitya Akademi Award in Sanskrit for Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam.[83]
  • 2004. Bādarāyaṇa Puraskāra. Presented by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, the then President of India.[90]
  • 2003. Rājaśekhara Sammāna by the Madhya Pradesh Sanskrit Academy, Bhopal.[90]
  • 2003. Bhaurao Deoras Award by the Bhaurao Deoras Seva Nyas, Lucknow.[91][92]
  • 2003. Diwaliben Award for Progress in Religion by the Dewaliben Mehta Charitable Trust, Mumbai. Presented by P. N. Bhagwati, former Chief Justice of India.[93]
  • 2003. Ativiśiṣṭa Puraskāra by the Uttar Pradesh Sanskrit Samsthana, Lucknow.[90]
  • 2002. Kavikularatna by Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi.[90]
  • 2000. Viśiṣṭa Puraskāra by the Uttar Pradesh Sanskrit Samsthana, Lucknow.[94]
  • 2000. Mahāmahopādhyāya by the Lal Bahadur Shastri Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, New Delhi.[95]
  • 1998. Dharmacakravartī by the Parliament of World's Religions.[90]

In previous Āśrama

  • 1976. Cancellor's Gold Medal by the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi.[25]
  • 1976. Seven gold medals, Ācārya (Masters) examination, by the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi.[25][30]
  • 1974. Five gold medals at the Akhila Bhāratīya Sanskrit Adhiveśana, New Delhi. Presented by Indira Gandhi, the then Prime Minister of India.[3][25]
  • 1974. Gold Medal, Śāstrī (Bachelors) examination, by the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi.[30]

Notes

  1. ^ Rambhadracharya, Jagadguru (Speaker) (2003). जगद्गुरु रामभद्राचार्य विकलांग विश्वविद्यालय (CD) (in Hindi). Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh, India: Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. Event occurs at 00:02:16. Retrieved June 21, 2011. मानवता ही मेरा मन्दिर मैं हूँ इसका एक पुजारी ॥ हैं विकलांग महेश्वर मेरे मैं हूँ इनका कृपाभिखारी ॥ {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b Lok Sabha, The Office of Speaker. "Speeches". Retrieved March 8, 2011. Swami Rambhadracharya, ..., is a celebrated Sanskrit scholar and educationist of great merit and achievement. ... His academic accomplishments are many and several prestigious Universities have conferred their honorary degrees on him. A polyglot, he has composed poems in many Indian languages. He has also authored about 75 books on diverse themes having a bearing on our culture, heritage, traditions and philosophy which have received appreciation. A builder of several institutions, he started the Vikalanga Vishwavidyalaya at Chitrakoot, of which he is the lifelong Chancellor.
  3. ^ a b c d e Chandra, R. (September 2008). "जीवन यात्रा". Krānti Bhārata Samācāra (in Hindi). 8 (11). Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India: Rajesh Chandra Pandey: 22–23. RNI No. 2000, UPHIN 2638. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ a b Agarwal 2010, pp. 1108–1110
  5. ^ a b Dinkar 2008, p. 32.
  6. ^ Nagar 2002, p. 91.
  7. ^ "The Chancellor". Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  8. ^ Dwivedi, Gyanendra Kumar (December 1, 2008). Analysis and Design of Algorithm. New Delhi, India: Laxmi Publications. p. x. ISBN 9788131801161.
  9. ^ a b c d "वाचस्पति पुरस्कार २००७" (PDF) (in Hindi). K. K. Birla Foundation. Retrieved March 8, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b c d Mukherjee, Sutapa (May 10, 1999). "A Blind Sage's Vision: A Varsity For The Disabled At Chitrakoot". Outlook. 5. New Delhi, India. Retrieved June 21, 2011.
  11. ^ Dinkar 2008, p. 39.
  12. ^ "Shree Jagadguru Rambhadracharya". Official Site. Retrieved May 10, 2011. Magical Facts: Knowledge of 22 languages including English, French and many Indian languages
  13. ^ a b c Dinkar 2008, pp. 40–43.
  14. ^ Prasad 1999, p. xiv: "Acharya Giridhar Mishra is responsible for many of my interpretations of the epic. The meticulousness of his profound scholarship and his extraordinary dedication to all aspects of Rama's story have led to his recognition as one of the greatest authorities on Tulasidasa in India today ... that the Acharya's knowledge of the Ramacharitamanasa is vast and breathtaking and that he is one of those rare scholars who know the text of the epic virtually by heart."
  15. ^ Vyas, Lallan Prasad, ed. (1996). The Ramayana: Global View. Delhi, India: Har Anand Publications Pvt Ltd. p. 62. ISBN 9788124102442. ...Acharya Giridhar Mishra, a blind Tulasi scholar of uncanny critical insight,...
  16. ^ Rambhadracharya (ed) 2006.
  17. ^ NBT News, Ghaziabad (January 21, 2011). "मन से भक्ति करो मिलेंगे राम : रामभद्राचार्य" (in Hindi). Navbharat Times. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Correspondent, Una (February 13, 2011). "केवल गुरु भवसागर के पार पहुंचा सकता है : बाबा बाल जी महाराज" (in Hindi). Dainik Tribune. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Correspondent, Sitamarhi (May 5, 2011). "ज्ञान चक्षु से रामकथा का बखान करने पहुंचे रामभद्राचार्य" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ Correspondent, Rishikesh (June 7, 2011). "दु:ख और विपत्ति में धैर्य न खोएं" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved June 24, 2011. प्रख्यात राम कथावाचक स्वामी रामभद्राचार्य महाराज ने कहा कि ... (Famous Ramkatha artist Swami Rambhadracharya said that ...) {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "सिंगापुर में भोजपुरी के अलख जगावत कार्यक्रम" (in Bhojpuri). Anjoria. June 26, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2011. श्री लक्ष्मी नारायण मन्दिर में सुप्रसिद्ध मानस मर्मज्ञ जगतगुरु रामभद्राचार्य जी राकेश के मानपत्र देके सम्मानित कइले (In the Shri Lakshminarayan temple, the renowned and insightful expert of Ramcharitmanas Jagadguru Rambhadracharya honoured Rakesh with a certificate) {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ "Rambhadracharya Ji". Sanatan TV. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  23. ^ a b c d e f g Dinkar 2008, pp. 22–24.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g Aneja, Mukta; Eyeway Team (2005), "Shri Ram Bhadracharyaji - A Religious Head With A Vision", Abilities Redefined - Forty Life Stories Of Courage And Accomplishment (PDF), All India Confederation of the Blind, pp. 66–68, retrieved April 25, 2011
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h Parauha, Tulsidas (January 14, 2011). "महाकविजगद्गुरुस्वामिरामभद्राचार्याणां व्यक्तित्वं कृतित्वञ्च". In Rambhadracharya, Svami (ed.). गीतरामायणम् (गीतसीताभिरामं संस्कृतगीतमहाकाव्यम्) (in Sanskrit). Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. pp. 5–9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_chapter= ignored (|trans-chapter= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ "Vedic scriptures and stotras for the Blind people in Braille". Astro Jyoti. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
  27. ^ "Braille Bhagavad Gita inauguration". Astro Jyoti. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
  28. ^ "Bhagavad Gita in Braille Language". Zee News. December 3, 2007. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  29. ^ Asian News International (December 6, 2007). "अब ब्रेल लिपि में भगवद्गीता" (in Hindi). Webdunia Hindi. Retrieved July 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ a b c d e f g Dinkar 2008, pp. 25–27
  31. ^ Rambhadracharya, Jagadguru (Speaker) (September 13, 2009). श्रीराम कथा (मानस धर्म) (DVD) (in Hindi). Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh, India: Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. Event occurs at 00:50:20. DVD 8 of 9, Part I. Retrieved July 1, 2011. {{cite AV media}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ a b c d Dinkar 2008, pp. 28–31.
  33. ^ Poddar, Hanuman Prasad (1996). Dohāvalī (in Hindi). Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India: Gita Press. p. 10.
  34. ^ Dubey, Dr. Hariprasad (April 13, 2011). "पवित्र स्थान: ६ महीने रहें चित्रकूट" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved July 3, 2011. तुलसीदास ने माना है कि यदि कोई व्यक्ति छह मास तक पयस्विनी के किनारे रहता है और केवल फल खाकर राम नाम जपता रहता है, तो उसे सभी तरह की सिद्धियां मिल जाती हैं। (Tulasidasa has admitted that if one stays on the banks of Payasvini river for six months, chanting the name of Rama and subsisting only on fruits, they obtain all types of powers or accomplishments.) {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ Rambhadracharya, Svami (October 30, 2002). Śrībhārgavarāghavīyam (Saṃskṛtamahākāvyam) (in Sanskrit). Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh, India: Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. p. 511. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  36. ^ Dinkar 2008, p. 127.
  37. ^ Correspondent, Chitrakuta (January 5, 2007). "भारतीय शिक्षा सिखाती है संस्कार" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved July 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  38. ^ Correspondent, Chitrakuta (July 25, 2010). "तीर्थ में गूंजते रहे गुरु वंदना के स्वर" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved July 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  39. ^ Correspondent, Chitrakuta (January 5, 2011). "जिले में अंतर्राष्ट्रीय स्तर का शोध संस्थान बनेगा" (in Hindi). Amar Ujala. Retrieved July 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ a b c Correspondent, Chitrakut (January 5, 2011). "प्रज्ञाचक्षु की आंख बन गई बुआ जी" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  41. ^ Agarwal 2010, p. 781
  42. ^ Correspondent, Office (May 26, 2000). "100 from India for World Peace Summit". The Hindu. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  43. ^ "Delegates". The World Council of Religious Leaders. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
  44. ^ Rambhadracharya, Swami (December 17, 2000). "संस्कार: शान्ति का मार्ग" (in Hindi). Panchjanya. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  45. ^ Sharma, Amit (May 1, 2003). "No winners in VHP's Ayodhya blame game". Indian Express. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  46. ^ "Babar destroyed Ram temple at Ayodhya". Mid-Day. July 17, 2003. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  47. ^ "Ram Koop was constructed by Lord Ram". Mid-Day. July 21, 2003. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  48. ^ a b c d Agarwal 2010, pp. 304, 309, 780–788, 1103–1110, 2004–2005, 4447, 4458–4459, 4537, 4891–4894, 4996.
  49. ^ Sharma 2010, pp. 21, 31.
  50. ^ Sharma 2010, p. 273.
  51. ^ "About JRHU". Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. Retrieved July 21, 2009.
  52. ^ Shubhra (February 12, 2010). "जगद्गुरु रामभद्राचार्य विकलांग विश्वविद्यालय" (in Hindi). Bhāratīya Pakṣa. Retrieved April 25, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  53. ^ Subhash, Tarun (July 3, 2005). "A Special University for Special Students: UP does a first - it establishes the country's first exclusive university for physically and mentally disabled students". Hindustan Times. Retrieved June 23, 2011.
  54. ^ Dikshit, Ragini (July 10, 2007). "चित्रकूट: दुनिया का प्रथम विकलांग विश्वविद्यालय" (in Hindi). Jansatta Express. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  55. ^ Government of Uttar Pradesh, Department of Information Technology and Electronics. "सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम २००५: अनुक्रमणिका" (in Hindi). Retrieved June 25, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  56. ^ "Home". Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
  57. ^ Sinha, R. P. (December 1, 2006). E-Governance in India: initiatives & issues. New Delhi, India: Concept Publishing Company. p. 104. ISBN 9788180693113.
  58. ^ Gupta, Amita; Kumar, Ashish (July 6, 2006). Handbook of universities. New Delhi, India: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors. p. 395. ISBN 9788126906086.
  59. ^ "Courses Offered". Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  60. ^ Correspondent, Mahoba (July 6, 2011). "विकलांगों के लिए मेडिकल कालेज जल्द" (in Hindi). Amar Ujala. Retrieved July 9, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  61. ^ Government of Uttar Pradesh, Department of Information Technology and Electronics. "कम्प्यूटर शिक्षा" (in Hindi). Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  62. ^ Correspondent, Chitrakut (February 24, 2010). "विकलांग विश्वविद्यालय का दूसरा दीक्षात समारोह ७ मार्च को" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved July 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  63. ^ "औपचारिकताओं के बीच संपन्न हुआ विकलांग विवि का दीक्षान्त समारोह" (in Hindi). Bundelkhand Live. March 7, 2010. Retrieved April 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ Correspondent, Chitrakut (March 7, 2010). "अच्छी शिक्षा-दीक्षा से विकलांग बनेंगे राष्ट्र प्रगति में सहायक" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved July 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  65. ^ Indo-Asian News Service (January 15, 2011). "चित्रकूट में राजनाथ सिंह को मानद उपाधि" (in Hindi). One India Hindi. Retrieved May 26, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  66. ^ SNB, Chitrakut (January 15, 2011). "रामभद्राचार्य विवि का दीक्षांत समारोह - राजनाथ सिंह डीलिट की उपाधि से सम्मानित" (in Hindi). Rashtriya Sahara. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  67. ^ Lochtefeld, James G. (2001). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. Rosen Publishing Group. p. 559. ISBN 9780823931804.
  68. ^ Macfie, J. M. (May 23, 2004). "Preface". The Ramayan of Tulsidas or the Bible of Northern India. Whitefish, Montana, United States of America: Kessinger Publishing, LLC. p. vii. ISBN 9781417914982. Retrieved June 24, 2011. The choice of the subtitle is no exaggeration. The book is indeed the Bible of Northern India
  69. ^ a b c d Mishra, Manjari; Arora, V. N. (November 1, 2009). "Fury in Ayodhya over Ramcharitmanas". The Times of India. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  70. ^ a b c d Rambhadracharya (ed) 2006, pp. 1–27
  71. ^ Prasad 1999, pp. 795–852
  72. ^ "Tulsikrita Ramayana Translated in Hindi by Pt. Jwalaprasadji Mishra (Special Edition)". Shri Ventakeshwar Steam Press, Bombay. Retrieved June 30, 2011. Including Lava Kusha Kaanda
  73. ^ "The Mahabharata". Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. Retrieved April 25, 2011.
  74. ^ Krishnamoorthy, K. (1992). "Introduction". Critical Inventory of Ramayana Studies in the World: Indian Languages and English. South Asia Books. p. xxv. ISBN 9788172011000.
  75. ^ "रामचरित मानस की भाषा और वर्तनी" (in Hindi). Webdunia. November 9, 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  76. ^ Pandey, Ram Ganesh (2008) [First edition 2003]. तुलसी जन्म भूमि: शोध समीक्षा (in Hindi) (Corrected and extended edition ed.). Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh, India: Bharati Bhavan Publication. p. 54. हनुमान चालीसा ... इसकी भाषा अवधी है। दोहा-चौपाई छन्द हैं। इसमें ४० चौपाइयाँ और २ दोहे हैं। (Hanuman Chalisa ... Its language is Avadhi. Metres are Doha and Chaupai. It consists of 40 Chaupais and 2 Dohas.) {{cite book}}: |edition= has extra text (help); Unknown parameter |languaue= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  77. ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (July 23, 1991). "The Text and the Research Context". The Life of a Text: Performing the 'Ramcaritmanas' of Tulsidas. University of California Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780520066908. Retrieved April 29, 2011.
  78. ^ Rambhadracharya (ed) 2006, pp. 13–14.
  79. ^ "रामचरित मानस से जुड़ा विवाद गहराया" (in Hindi). Webdunia. November 3, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  80. ^ Correspondent, Chitrakuta (February 15, 2010). "संशोधन नही संपादन किया है:जगद्गुरु स्वामी रामभद्राचार्य" (in Hindi). Jagran Yahoo. Retrieved July 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  81. ^ Indo-Asian News Service (April 30, 2010). "रामचरितमानस का संपादन किया, संशोधन नहीं" (in Hindi). One India Hindi. Retrieved July 2, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  82. ^ "रामभद्राचार्य के खेद जताने से संत पड़े ठंडे" (in Hindi). Webdunia. November 9, 2009. Retrieved April 25, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  83. ^ a b "Sahitya Akademi Awards 2005". National Portal of India. 2005. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  84. ^ Press Trust of India (December 22, 2005). "Kolatkar, Dalal among Sahitya Akademi winners". DNA India. Retrieved June 24, 2011.
  85. ^ "Himachal Pradesh State Level Award For Sandeep Marwah". March 4, 2011. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  86. ^ Special Correspondent (February 20, 2008). "Selected for Birla Foundation awards". The Hindu. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  87. ^ Special Correspondent (April 19, 2008). "K.K. Birla Foundation awards presented". The Hindu. Retrieved June 24, 2011. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  88. ^ Official Site. "Goswami Tulsidas Samarchan Samman". Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
  89. ^ Official Site. "Sanskrit Mahamahopadhyay in 2006". Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
  90. ^ a b c d e Chandra, R. (September 2008). "सम्मान और पुरस्कार". Krānti Bhārata Samācāra (in Hindi). 8 (11). Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India: Rajesh Chandra Pandey: 21. RNI No. 2000, UPHIN 2638. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  91. ^ TNN (March 17, 2003). "Bhaurao Samman for Dattopanth Thengadi". The Times of India. Retrieved May 27, 2011.
  92. ^ "जगद्गुरु स्वामी रामभद्राचार्य तथा वरिष्ठ चिंतक दत्तोपंत ठेंगडी को भाऊराव देवरस सेवा सम्मान - वैभवशाली राष्ट्र के निर्माण का आह्वान" (in Hindi). Panchjanya. March 30, 2003. Retrieved April 29, 2011. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  93. ^ Official Site. "Diwaliben Award". Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
  94. ^ Official Site. "Vishisht Puraskar by UP Sanskrit Sansthan". Shri Tulsi Peeth Seva Nyas. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
  95. ^ "Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha - Convocation". Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeetha. Retrieved June 11, 2011. The Fourth Convocation of the Vidyapeetha was organized on 11th of February, 2000. ... Honorary title of Mahamahopadhyaya was conferred on Shri Swami Rambhadracharya (U.P.), ... by the Chancellor.

References

  • Agarwal, Sudhir J. (September 30, 2010), Consolidated Judgment in OOS No. 1 of 1989, OOS No. 3 of 1989, OOS No. 4 of 1989 & OOS No. 5 of 1989, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India: Allahabad High Court, retrieved April 24, 2011
  • Dinkar, Dr. Vagish (2008). श्रीभार्गवराघवीयम् मीमांसा (in Hindi). Delhi, India: Deshbharti Prakashan. ISBN 9788190827669. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Nagar, Shanti Lal (2002). Sharma, Acharya Divakar; Goyal, Siva Kumar; Susila, Surendra Sharma (eds.). The Holy Journey of a Divine Saint: Being the English Rendering of Swarnayatra Abhinandan Granth (First, Hardback ed.). New Delhi, India: B. R. Publishing Corporation. ISBN 8176462888, 9788176462884. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  • Prasad, Ram Chandra (1999) [First published 1991]. Sri Ramacaritamanasa The Holy Lake Of The Acts Of Rama (Illustrated, reprint ed.). Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9788120807624. Retrieved June 20, 1991. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  • Rambhadracharya, Svami, ed. (March 30, 2006). श्रीरामचरितमानस - मूल गुटका (तुलसीपीठ संस्करण) (in Hindi) (4th ed.). Chitrakuta, Uttar Pradesh, India: Jagadguru Rambhadracharya Handicapped University. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  • Sharma, Dharam Veer (September 30, 2010), Judgment in OOS No. 4 of 1989, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India: Allahabad High Court, retrieved April 24, 2011
  • Sharma, Dharam Veer (September 30, 2010), Annexure V, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India: Allahabad High Court, retrieved April 24, 2011
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jagadguru Rāmabhadrācārya.

Template:Persondata

Template:Link FA

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rambhadracharya&oldid=438760865"