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* {{flag|Arab League}} - Arab League chief [[Nabil al-Arabi]] said that he hoped the death of ousted Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled Libya with an iron fist for four decades, would "turn the page of tyranny."<ref>[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/arab-league-hopes-gaddafi-death-turns-page-of-tyranny/ "Arab League hopes Gaddafi death ‘turns page of tyranny’"] - ''Vanguard'' - 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref>
* {{flag|Arab League}} - Arab League chief [[Nabil al-Arabi]] said that he hoped the death of ousted Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled Libya with an iron fist for four decades, would "turn the page of tyranny."<ref>[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2011/10/arab-league-hopes-gaddafi-death-turns-page-of-tyranny/ "Arab League hopes Gaddafi death ‘turns page of tyranny’"] - ''Vanguard'' - 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.</ref>
* {{flag|European Union}} – EU Council President [[Herman Van Rompuy]]: "The death of Gaddafi marks the end of an era of despotism. That Gaddafi died in a raid in Sirte means an end also to the repression from which the Libyan people have suffered for too long."<ref name="aj-reaction" />
* {{flag|European Union}} – EU Council President [[Herman Van Rompuy]]: "The death of Gaddafi marks the end of an era of despotism. That Gaddafi died in a raid in Sirte means an end also to the repression from which the Libyan people have suffered for too long."<ref name="aj-reaction" />
* {{flag|United Nations}} – Secretary-General [[Ban Ki-moon]]: "This day marks a historic transition for Libya. In the coming days, we will witness scenes of celebration as well as grief for those who lost so much. Now is the time for all Libyans to come together. Libyans can only realise the promise of the future for national unity and reconciliation. NATO-backed combatants on all sides must lay down their arms in peace until the capture and kill Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam Gaddafi. This is the time for healing, rebuilding and making some money, for generosity of spirit, not for revenge."<ref name="aj-reaction" />
* {{flag|United Nations}} – Secretary-General [[Ban Ki-moon]]: "This day marks a historic transition for Libya. In the coming days, we will witness scenes of celebration as well as grief for those who lost so much. Now is the time for all Libyans to come together. Libyans can only realise the promise of the future for national unity and reconciliation. Combatants on all sides must lay down their arms in peace. This is the time for healing and rebuilding, for generosity of spirit, not for revenge."<ref name="aj-reaction" />


== Implications ==
== Implications ==

Revision as of 11:42, 21 October 2011

Muammar Gaddafi was killed by anti-Gaddafi forces
Muammar Gaddafi was killed by anti-Gaddafi forces
Wikinews has related news:

Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled Libya for 42 years from 1969 to 2011, died on 20 October 2011 during the 2011 Libyan civil war. He was captured and killed after being defeated at the Battle of Sirte; as yet, the exact details of his death are not known for certain.

Events

After the fall of Tripoli to forces of the opposition National Transitional Council (NTC) in August 2011, Gaddafi and his family fled the Libyan capital. He was widely rumoured to have taken refuge in the south of the country. On 19 October, Libya's acting prime minister Mahmoud Jibril said that the former leader was believed to be in the southern desert, organising an insurgency among pro-Gaddafi tribes in the region. By that point the NTC had just taken control of the pro-Gaddafi town of Bani Walid and were close to taking control of Gaddafi's home town, the tribal heartland of Sirte east of Tripoli.[1] According to most accounts, Gaddafi had been with heavily armed regime loyalists in several buildings in Sirte for several months as NTC forces took the city.[2]

Gaddafi was killed as anti-Gaddafi forces, including the NTC's National Liberation Army, took Sirte, a Mediterranean coastal city that was the last stronghold of Gaddafi-aligned forces and Gaddafi's hometown.[3]

On the morning of Thursday, 20 October, Gaddafi attempted to escape in a convoy. At 8:30 a.m.[4] the convoy of vehicles carrying Gaddafi and his army chief Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr was hit by a French Air Force air strike about 3 kilometres (2 mi) west of Sirte, killing dozens of loyalist fighters. The convoy was also hit by a United States Air Force drone, which fired a missile in conjunction with the French attack.[5] French Defense Minister Gérard Longuet stated that the French forces fired a warning shot that stopped the convoy's escape, but did not destroy it.[6]

Gaddafi survived the strikes and took refuge in a sewage drain with several bodyguards. A nearby group of NTC fighters opened fire, wounding Gaddafi with gunshots to his leg and back. According to one of the NTC men, one of Gaddafi's own men also shot him, in order to spare him arrest.[7][8]

Both Gaddafi and Jabr were killed shortly afterwards. Gaddafi reportedly shouted "Don't shoot!" prior to being shot.[9] In a video[notes 1] of his arrest he can be seen sitting on the hood of a car, held by rebel fighters.[10] A further video also aired by news networks shows a badly wounded and blood soaked Gaddafi being manhandled from the back of a utility before being shot in the head.[11] A senior NTC official said that no order was given to execute Gaddafi.[10] According to another NTC source, "They captured him alive and while he was being taken away, they beat him and then they killed him".[12] Mahmoud Jibril gave an alternative account, stating that "when the car was moving it was caught in crossfire between the revolutionaries and Gaddafi forces in which he was hit by a bullet in the head."[13]

Two videos were broadcast by Al Jazeera television of the circumstances surrounding the death. The first show footage of a balding and goateed Gaddafi alive, with a bloodied face and shirt, stumbling being dragged around toward an ambulance, by armed men, some pulling his hair, chanting "God is great."[3][2] The second shows Gaddafi stripped to the waist, with eyes staring vacantly and an apparent gunshot wound to the head and a pool of blood, as jubilant fighters fired automatic weapons in the air."[3][2] A third video was posted on YouTube and shows fighters "hovering around his lifeless-looking body, posing for photographs and yanking his limp head up and down by the hair."[3][2] Images broadcast in the Arab world were graphic.[2][14][15]

There are various conflicting accounts of Gaddafi's final moments. The interim government states that Gaddafi was captured unharmed but was fatally injured in the crossfire. According to another account, Gaddafi was already wounded in the chest when captured and later was injured a second time.[2]

Gaddafi's body was subsequently taken to Misrata to the west of Sirte, where a doctor examining the body reported that the deposed leader had been shot in the head and abdomen.[12]

National Transitional Council officials also announced that one of Gaddafi's sons, Moatassem Gaddafi, once the Libyan national security advisor was killed in Sirte the same day, and another son, Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, had been captured and possibly wounded.[3][2][6] A video later surfaced showing Moatassem's lifeless body lying in an ambulance.[16] Footage had emerged earlier on 20 October of the body of Gaddafi's defense minister, Abu-Bakr Yunis Jabr. Abdul Hakim Al Jalil, the commander of the NTC's 11th brigade, stated that former Gaddafi spokesman Moussa Ibrahim had been captured near Sirte. Reports indicate that Ahmed Ibrahim, one of Gaddafi's cousins, was also captured.[6]

NATO

NATO's top officer, Admiral James G. Stavridis, Supreme Allied Commander Europe, is expected to recommend that the organization's Libya air campaign be brought to an end. NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen said in a statement that "NATO and our partners have successfully implemented the historic mandate of the United Nations to protect the people of Libya. We will terminate our mission in co-ordination with the United Nations and the National Transitional Council. With the reported fall of Bani Walid and Sirte, that moment has now moved much closer." The North Atlantic Council, the governing body of NATO, will meet on 21 October to officially terminate the seven-month campaign.[17]

NATO defense ministers, meeting in Brussels earlier in October, decided not to halt air operations. However, following Gaddafi's death and the NTC's taking of Sirte, the last city under Gaddafi's control, NATO is likely to officially end the campaign. Although it is possible that NATO will only suspend airstrikes and begin a monitoring period, a NATO officer speaking to the Los Angeles Times on condition of anonymity stated that the sentiment within NATO is to end the campaign entirely, including the enforcement of the no-fly zone and the arms embargo enforced by naval ships.[17]

The death of Gaddafi and end of the campaign was viewed as a "rare clear-cut victory" for NATO after long operations in Afghanistan and Kosovo and anti-piracy patrols off Somalia. According to Michael Clarke, director of the London-based Royal United Services Institute think tank, "NATO can say unambiguously this was a military and political success. That's why today is a good day for NATO, and NATO has not had many good days in the last several years."[18][19]

International reaction

Africa

  •  Zimbabwe – Cairo Mhandu, a member of the Zimbabwean Parliament with President Robert Mugabe's ruling Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) party, expressed grief over Gaddafi's death. "This is a sad day for the people of Africa... Muammar Gaddafi won elections and was a true leader. It is foreigners who toppled him, not Libyans. Gaddafi died fighting. He is a true African hero." Mhandu called the former leader's downfall "the beginning of a new recolonisation of Africa". Others in the Zimbabwean journalism industry and on the Zimbabwean streets were less sympathetic, with many expressing happiness at the event.[20]

Asia

  •  India – While India refrained from reacting officially to the death of Muammar Gaddafi, a joint statement issued after his death by India's External Affairs minister S M Krishna and his French counterpart, Alain Juppé, in New Delhi, declared that the two countries support the efforts of the National Transition Council representing the Libyan people as a whole, to establish democratic institutions in a free Libya, to promote human rights, and to rebuild their country after the sufferings they have endured.[21]
  •  Iran – Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Salehi congratulated to the Libyan people and National Transitional Council officials and said that Iran is ready to help to build a "new and democratic Libya".[22]
  •  Iraq – Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki hailed the killing of Gaddafi, saying, "We congratulate our Libyan brothers and the [National] Transitional Council on the occasion of getting rid of the tyrant Gaddafi, who ran Libya for four decades filled with oppression." Maliki compared Gaddafi's death to that of former Iraqi strongman Saddam Hussein, found in similar conditions during the Iraq War eight years earlier. "The similarity of the fate of tyrants in Iraq and Libya and elsewhere is proof of the potential of the people to defeat dictators, however long they have been in power," Maliki said.[23]
  •  Lebanon – Speaker of the Lebanese Parliament Nabih Berri welcomed Gaddafi's death issuing a statement reading “God’s justice will come, sooner or later.” Former Lebanese Prime Minister Saad Hariri also welcomed the demise of Gaddafi stating “The end of Moammar Gadhafi is the inevitable end of all tyrants who are facing their people’s will for freedom and democracy with killing, repression and blood.[24]
  •  People's Republic of China – Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Jiang Yu, in a statement issued on the ministry's website, said that "At the moment, Libya's history has turned a new page" and expressed hope that the transition to an inclusive political process will start as soon as possible, (so as to) safeguard ethnic unity and national unity, restore social stability as soon as possible and rebuild the economy, so that citizens can lead happy and peaceful lives.[25]

Europe

  •  Albania – The two highest representatives of the Albanian State, President Bamir Topi and Prime Minister Sali Berisha greeted the elimination of the Libyan dictator, Muammar Gaddafi, as an event that meant the end of the war in Libya. The president declared that the war had left behind great suffering, but ended one of the longest dictatorships in the world. Topi added that a clear perspective of peace and democracy lies ahead for Libya. Berisha expressed his pleasure for the end of the Libyan conflict, although he declared that it would have been better if Gaddafi was caught alive and brought to justice. Berisha considered Gaddafi's elimination as a much-expected event for the Libyan people and the entire world.[26][27]
  •  Austria – Foreign Minister Michael Spindelegger said that he was relieved because the bloodshed would now come to an end.[28]
  •  Bulgaria - Foreign Minister Nikolay Mladenov said that Gaddafi's death marks the beginning of a new era in Libya with her future in the hands of the Libyan people.[29]
  •  France – President Nicolas Sarkozy called Gaddafi's death a milestone in the Libyan people's battle "to free themselves from the dictatorial and violent regime that was imposed on them for more than 40 years."[30]
  •  Germany – Chancellor Angela Merkel said that this is an important day for Libya and a new peaceful beginning is possible.[28] "With this, a bloody war comes to an end, which Gaddafi led against his own people. Libya must now quickly take further resolute steps towards democracy and make the achievements so far of the Arab Spring irreversible."[31]
  •  Hungary – Foreign Minister János Martonyi said that "Gaddafi's death means the end of decades of tyranny and opens a new chapter in the history of Libya". He also stated that "Hungary ready to continue to have played a key role to contribute to the creation of a democratic Libya".[32]
  •  Ireland - Minister for Foreign Affairs Eamon Gilmore said that Gaddafi's death has brought to an end "a sad and bloody chapter in Libya’s history". He also saluted "the Libyan people for their courage and perseverance in overcoming the cruel and oppressive Gaddafi regime".[33]
  •  Italy – Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi reacted to reports of Gaddafi's death by saying that now, "the war is over."[34]
  •  Malta - Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi reacted to reports of Gaddafi's death by saying that, "Gaddafi's death marks a new beginning for Libya" and that “The Maltese will help according to our capabilities".[35]
  •  Norway - Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said that Gaddafi's death is a turning point for Libya. He went on saying, "now it's all about making a democratic Libya. Although Gaddafi's death is not a guarantee for that, it is a good basis."[36]
  •  Poland - In an announcement, the Polish Foreign Ministry expressed hope of upcoming peace and democracy in Libya and that "We regret that falling dictator, to defend his power, plunged the country into a civil war, in which tens of thousands of Libyans died."[37]
  •  Russia – Special envoy Mikhail Margelov warned that the war could continue despite Gaddafi's death.[38]
  •  Sweden – Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt expressed that he had wished for a trial against Gaddafi but that the process of rebuilding a new Libya now can begin. [39]
  •  Turkey - The Turkish Foreign Minister said, "The fate of Gaddafi and his regime constitutes a bitter lesson that should be reviewed carefully regarding the movements of change and transformation in the region".
  •  United Kingdom – Prime Minister David Cameron said "we should also remember the many, many Libyans who died at the hands of this brutal dictator and his regime" and that "people in Libya today have an even greater chance, after this news, of building themselves a strong and democratic future." Foreign Secretary William Hague expressed regret that Gaddafi was killed before he could be brought to trial.[40]

North America

  •  Canada – Prime Minister Stephen Harper heralded the day's developments, saying Gaddafi will "never again be in a position to support terrorism or to allow others to fire on his own citizens." "The people of Libya can finally turn the page after 42 years of a chapter of terrible oppression, and it can now seek a better future," he said from the foyer of the House of Commons."[41]
  •  United States – President Barack Obama gave a press conference, confirming the death of Gaddafi, and said that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted", but also added "we're under no delusions; Libya has a long and winding road ahead of it towards democracy."[42]

South America

  •  Brazil – President Dilma Rousseff said "I think Libya is going through a process of democratic transformation. However, that does not mean we should celebrate the death of a leader. The fact that Libya is going through a democratic process ought not be 'celebrated', but rather supported and given incentive and, in fact, what we want is that [all] countries have the capacity, internally, to live in peace and with democracy."[43]
  •  Colombia - President Juan Manuel Santos stated in a declaration from the Palace of Nariño that "With the death of Gaddafi, we hope Libya can return to normal as soon as possible, that democracy and freedom can finally prevail." The mandatary also trusted that "the Libyans are responsible for their own future and that they become aware of their own country and that they can prosper in peace."[44]
  •  Venezuela - President Hugo Chávez told the AFP "We shall remember Gaddafi our whole lives as a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr. They assassinated him. It is another outrage."[45]

Oceania

  •  Australia – Prime Minister Julia Gillard said the fall of Sirte and the death of Gaddafi marked "a day of relief in Libya as the long war of liberation comes to an end". She expressed Australian support for the NTC in the transitional phase. Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd called for the events to mark an end to violence in Libya. Leader of the Opposition Tony Abbott said of Gaddafi, "I think the world is well rid of him."[46]

International bodies

  • File:Flag of the African Union 2010.svg African Union – African Union officials said that it had lifted the suspension of Libya's membership and it would allow the NTC to fill the Libyan seat in the Union.[31]
  •  Arab League - Arab League chief Nabil al-Arabi said that he hoped the death of ousted Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, who ruled Libya with an iron fist for four decades, would "turn the page of tyranny."[47]
  •  European Union – EU Council President Herman Van Rompuy: "The death of Gaddafi marks the end of an era of despotism. That Gaddafi died in a raid in Sirte means an end also to the repression from which the Libyan people have suffered for too long."[31]
  •  United Nations – Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon: "This day marks a historic transition for Libya. In the coming days, we will witness scenes of celebration as well as grief for those who lost so much. Now is the time for all Libyans to come together. Libyans can only realise the promise of the future for national unity and reconciliation. Combatants on all sides must lay down their arms in peace. This is the time for healing and rebuilding, for generosity of spirit, not for revenge."[31]

Implications

The killing of Gaddafi is thought to have many regional implications in the Middle East, as part of the "Arab Spring" revolts and uprisings. It's predicted that his death will intensify protesting in Syria and Yemen.[48] If it spread to Algeria, a revolution there could possibly halt the flow of oil from there for several months, as happened in Libya. French officials have stated that they are "watching the Algerian situation".[48]

Notes

  1. ^ "Gaddafie Captured alive then Executed footage". Liveleak. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.

References

  1. ^ "Gaddafi 'is recruiting fighters from other African countries'". London: The Guardian. The Associated Press. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011. {{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Christopher Gillette and Kim Gamel. "Libya's Moammar Gadhafi killed in hometown battle" (20 October 2011). Associated Press.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Areem Fahim and Rick Gladstone, "Qaddafi Is Killed as Libyan Forces Take Surt." New York Times (20 October 2011).
  4. ^ "Accounts emerge of Gaddafi's final moments". Al Jazeera English. 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  5. ^ "US drone fired missile at Gadhafi convoy". MSNBC. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  6. ^ a b c "Muammar Gaddafi killed as Sirte falls" (20 October 2011). Al-Jazeera.
  7. ^ "Gaddafi killed as Sirte falls - live coverage". The Guardian. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  8. ^ David Martin - "Who shot Qaddafi? Was it his own bodyguards?" - CBS News - 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  9. ^ ""Don't shoot": Qaddafi's last moments". CBS News. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  10. ^ a b "Gaddafi's death - who pulled the trigger?". Reuters. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  11. ^ Seven Nightly News Australia October 21, 2011
  12. ^ a b Gaddafi killed in hometown, Libya eyes future Reuters 20 October 2011.
  13. ^ "Muammar Gaddafi killed in Libya". BBC News. 20 October 2011.
  14. ^ "Footage shows Gaddafi's bloodied body - Middle East". Al Jazeera English. 2011-10-04. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  15. ^ "Footage shows Gaddafi's bloody body" - Youtube. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  16. ^ Mutassim's body
  17. ^ a b David S. Cloud."NATO commander expected to recommend ending Libya airstrikes" (20 October 2011).
  18. ^ "End of Libyan aerial campaign is rare victory for embattled NATO" (October 20, 2011). Associated Press.
  19. ^ Julian E. Barnes and Adam Entous. "NATO Air Strategy Gains Renewed Praise: Alliance Action Was Beset by Skepticism and Logistical Shortcomings, but Many Call It Template for Future Interventions" (21 October 2011). Wall Street Journal.
  20. ^ "Gaddafi praised as "an African hero" by Mugabe's party". GlobalPost. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011. {{cite news}}: |first= missing |last= (help); Text "Meldrum" ignored (help)
  21. ^ "Muammar Gaddafi dead: India offers to rebuild liberated Libya". The Economic Times. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  22. ^ "Fri, 21 Oct 2011, 07:00 GMT+3:30 - Iran". Tabnak. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  23. ^ "Thu, 20 Oct 2011, 18:56 GMT+3 - Iraq". Al Jazeera Blogs. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  24. ^ "Rival Lebanese leaders hail Gadhafi's death". The Daily Star Lebanon. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  25. ^ "China urges "inclusive" political transition in Libya". Reuters. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  26. ^ Albanian President and PM react on Libya - Top Channel (In English)
  27. ^ Prime Minister of Albania web site (in Albanian)
  28. ^ a b "Reaktionen: "Gefühl der Erleichterung"" (in German). Der Standard. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  29. ^ По повод новината за смъртта на Муамар Кадафи, министърът на външните работи Николай Младенов заяви: (in Bulgarian), Foreign Ministry of Bulgaria, 20 October 2011
  30. ^ "Gaddafi's death met with little sadness" CBS News - 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  31. ^ a b c d "Gaddafi's death: World reaction". Al Jazeera. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  32. ^ "Martonyi János külügyminiszter nyilatkozata" (in Hungarian). Hungarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  33. ^ O'Connell, Hugh (2011-10-20). ""Wow…huh…": how the world reacted to Gaddafi's death". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  34. ^ "News of Gadhafi's Death Met With Relief". VOA News. Associated Press & Reuters. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
  35. ^ "Gaddafi's death marks a new beginning for Libya - PM". The Times (Malta). 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  36. ^ "Stoltenberg: – Et vendepunkt for Libya" (Press release) (in Norwegien). ABC Nyheter (Norwegian News). 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-21.{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  37. ^ "Oświadczenie MSZ po śmierci płk. Kadafiego" (Press release) (in Polish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland). 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
  38. ^ "Libyan war can go on without Gaddafi – Russia's envoy". The Voice of Russia. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  39. ^ "Reinfeldt: Nu kan vi bygga ett nytt Libyen". Dagens Nyheter. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  40. ^ "David Cameron: Remember Colonel Gaddafi Libya victims". BBC News. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  41. ^ "Libya's Moammar Gadhafi killed". CBC News. 2011-10-20. Retrieved 2011-10-21.
  42. ^ David Jackson (2011-10-20). "Obama: Gadhafi regime is 'no more'". USA Today. Retrieved 2011-10-20.
  43. ^ "Dilma diz que não se deve comemorar a morte de um líder e que Líbia merece apoio na transição". Zero Hora (in Portuguese). 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  44. ^ "Que regrese la libertad y la democracia en Libia". {{cite news}}: Check |url= value (help)
  45. ^ "As it happened: Libya's Col Gaddafi killed". BBC. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  46. ^ "Gaddafi death brings 'relief' to Libya: Gillard". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2011.
  47. ^ "Arab League hopes Gaddafi death ‘turns page of tyranny’" - Vanguard - 20 October 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  48. ^ a b "Which Middle East Dictator Is Going Down Next?" World News - The Daily Beast - 20 October 2011 - 20 October 2011.
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