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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Reptile|Sauropsida]]
| classis = [[Reptile|Sauropsida]]
| ordo = [[Testudines]]
| ordo = [[Testudinesa]]
| subordo = [[Cryptodira]]
| subordo = [[Cryptodira]]
| superfamilia = [[Testudinoidea]]
| superfamilia = [[Testudinoidea]]
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==Reproduction==
==Reproduction==
Mating behaviour is apparently stimulated by rains, with males becoming excited when sprayed with water in captivity, chasing females in an attempt to mount. Nesting behaviour is unknown in the wild, but generally one or two eggs are laid per clutch (clutches containing three eggs have been recorded) in captivity, usually at night or in the early morning. Up to three clutches have been produced a year, and to enable the passage of these relatively large eggs, a hinge develops in the female's plastron to allow greater flexibility during egg-laying. There have only ever been a handful of successful captive breeding efforts of the spiny turtle, and those that have been successful have had incubation periods of 106 days, 110 days and 145 days.{{cn|date=May 2012}}
Mating behaviour appears to be triggered by rain; in captivity spraying males with water results in them chasing females and attempting to mount. Nothing is known of nesting behaviour in the wild. One or two, rarely three, eggs are laid per clutch, in captivity laying usually occurring in the night or early morning. Females produce up to three clutches per year. A [[plastron]] hinge develops to ease laying. Three captive incubations have succeeded with durations of 106, 110 and 145 days.<ref>http://www.torontozoo.com/ExploretheZoo/AnimalDetails.asp?pg=694</ref>


==References==
==References==
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;Bibliography
;Bibliography
*{{Anchor|CITEREFRhodin2011}}{{cite journal | url = http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/wp-content/uploads/file/Accounts/crm_5_000_checklist_v4_2011.pdf | title = Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status |journal=Chelonian Research Monographs|volume=5|year = 2011 | accessdate =|date=2011-12-31 | author=Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/64t6NrOyR | archivedate = 2012-01-22}}
*{{Anchor|CITEREFRhodin2011}}{{cite journal | url = http://www.iucn-tftsg.org/wp-content/uploads/file/Accounts/crm_5_000_checklist_v4_2011.pdf | title = Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status |journal=Chelonian Research Monographs|volume=5|year = 2011 | accessdate =|date=2011-12-31 | author=Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour| archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/64t6NrOyR | archivedate = 2012-01-22}}
*{{Anchor|CITEREFFritz2007}}{{cite journal | journal = Verterbrate zoology | title = Checklist of chelonians of the world | year = 2007 | first = Uwe | last = Fritz | coauthors = Havaš, Peter | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = | id = | url = http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/851.pdf | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5v20ztMND | archivedate = 2010-12-17}}
*{{Anchor|CITEREFFritz2007}}{{cite journal | journal = Vertebrate Zoology | title = Checklist of chelonians of the world | year = 2007 | first = Uwe | last = Fritz | coauthors = Havaš, Peter | volume = 57 | issue = 2 | pages = | id = | url = http://www.cnah.org/pdf_files/851.pdf | archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5v20ztMND | archivedate = 2010-12-17}}


==External links==
==External links==
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{{Geoemydidae}}
{{Geoemydidae}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2012}}

[[Category:Heosemys]]
[[Category:Heosemys]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Thailand]]
[[Category:Reptiles of Thailand]]

Revision as of 13:16, 31 May 2012

Spiny turtle
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Sauropsida
Order:
Testudinesa
Suborder:
Cryptodira
Superfamily:
Testudinoidea
Family:
Geoemydidae
Genus:
Heosemys
Species:
H. spinosa
Binomial name
Heosemys spinosa
Gray, 1830[1]
Synonyms[1][3]
  • Emys spinosae - Gray, 1830
  • Emys spinosa - Gray, 1831
  • Geoemyda spinosa – Gray, 1834
  • Clemmys (Clemmys) spinosa - Fitzinger, 1835
  • Heosemys spinosa - Stejneger, 1902

The spiny turtle (Heosemys spinosa) inhabits lowland and hill rainforest, usually in the vicinity of small streams, mainly in hill areas up to 900 m.

Description

The origin of its common and specific name is immediately apparent from the sharp, pointed, spiky-edged carapace, and spiny keel, of this unique turtle, also known as the ‘cog-wheel turtle'.

Distrubution

The spiny turtle is known from Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.[1]

Reproduction

Mating behaviour appears to be triggered by rain; in captivity spraying males with water results in them chasing females and attempting to mount. Nothing is known of nesting behaviour in the wild. One or two, rarely three, eggs are laid per clutch, in captivity laying usually occurring in the night or early morning. Females produce up to three clutches per year. A plastron hinge develops to ease laying. Three captive incubations have succeeded with durations of 106, 110 and 145 days.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Rhodin 2011, p. 000.190
  2. ^ Template:IUCN
  3. ^ Fritz 2007, p. 224 harvnb error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFFritz2007 (help)
  4. ^ http://www.torontozoo.com/ExploretheZoo/AnimalDetails.asp?pg=694
Bibliography
  • Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Inverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley; Roger, Bour (31 December 2011). "Turtles of the world, 2011 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status". Chelonian Research Monographs. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 January 2012.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Fritz, Uwe (2007). "Checklist of chelonians of the world". Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2010. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

External links


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