Talk:Waco siege

Posse Comitatus Act

The Posse Comitatus Act rquires the president to sign a waiver allowing Federal troops and their equipment to be used in any law enforcement operation. Since the tanks and troops showed up on the first day of the raid, President Clinton must have signed the waiver sometime beforehand. It's reasonable to believe that he was briefed by federal agents on the reason that they were requesting the military personnel and eqpt and the dangers that would be associated with the raid. At this point, some background is needed to give context. In 1973, the American Indian Movement took over the town of Wounded Knee South Dakota, setting the stage for the longest siege in US history. Like Waco, the FBI showed up in force to break the occupation. It resulted in a shoot out. The number of dead and wounded was not nearly so great as Waco. Afterwards, Federal law enforcement came up with a doctrine for handling hold out situations involving persons who are not criminals in the usual sense but motivated by religious and or political beliefs. The doctrine is called "decapitation." By taking out the leader of the group first, the followers are left confused and uncertain what to do next. They are then easier to deal with. Someone involved with planning the raid on the Branch Davidian compound had to give the order to ignore established safety protocols by not arresting Koresh when he was alone and then moving in on the followers. To date, not one person associated with the planning stage has ever been identified, let alone come forward to make a public statement. Not one person has ever been publicly punished for ignoring safety protocols that were there for the benefit of the officers and the Branch Davidians. Retired Senator John C Danforth was appointed Special Counsel to investigate the incident. The so-called "Danforth Report" did not address the planning stages of the operation. Given the context of the situation, it appears that 1) Clinton knew what was going on and 2) approved it, knowing that it was putting the lives of all those children at risk. This is the one part of the incident that had to have happened and is not discussed by anyone. JPZingher (talk) 03:55, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

Weren't the troops and equipment from the Texas National Guard? And I believe they were still acting under state control and were never Federalized for the raid. It is not a violation of the Posse Comitatus Act for a state governor to use his National Guard forces to maintain order during emergencies within the state. The Posse Comitatus Act only applies to the use of the active Army (and Air Force) in the enforcement of the law.Dworjan (talk) 09:43, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

Task Force 88, Special Forces Assault

During the cource of the siege members of the US and UK special forces were sent to Mount Carmel to 'observe and advise' the FBI and to help bring about an end to the situation. The 12 special forces men, 2 British SAS and 10 US Delta (Combat Applications Group, 1stSFOD-D) were part of Task Force 88, a top secret counter-terror unit. On the last day of the siege senior government officals approved the use of TF88 in storming the compound instead of using the FBI HRT unit with was 'fatigued and under strength' —Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.255.196.165 (talk) 18:53, 6 January 2011 (UTC)

FBI Sniper Plan

I replaced this in prelude to the raid (28 Feb 93):

At least a week before the assault, the FBI had considered employing snipers to "eliminate" David Koresh, and other "key" Davidians(ref)((cite book|last=Churchill|first=Ward|coauthors=Jim Vander Wall|title=The COINTELPRO papers: documents from the FBI's secret wars against dissent in the United States|publisher=South End Press|date=2002|isbn=9780896086487|page=lxxix))(/ref).

with this in the siege section before the final assault:

One week prior to the 19 Apr 1993 assault, FBI planners considered using snipers to eliminate David Koresh and possibly other key Davidians.(ref)Lee Hancock, "No Easy Answers: Law Authorities Puzzle over Methods to End Branch Davidians Siege", Dallas Morning News, 15 Apr 1993.(/ref)

for reasons that should be obvious. Naaman Brown (talk)

This never happened "in" Waco

As always someone has to correct the media. This event never happened in the city of Waco Texas. Instead, as listed, it was Mount Carmel. Do not confuse the two. I have lived here all my life and in no way did this nor anything like this ever happened here. The article should be changed to say The Mount Carmel Siege 15 miles from Waco. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Leeme 1958 (talk • contribs) 19:03, 11 September 2010 (UTC)

According to WP:COMMONNAME, articles use the most common name that appear in reliable English language sources. You could also read Talk:Waco_Siege/Archive_3#.22war_in_waco.22, an older discussion of names. --Enric Naval (talk) 12:13, 29 November 2010 (UTC)

Proposed move

The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: Move to Waco siege per consensus and guidelines, no consensus to change title beyond capitalization. ErikHaugen (talk | contribs) 01:51, 12 February 2011 (UTC)

---

Waco Siege → Waco siege — Page title is not a proper noun and should be changed per WP:CAPS. Also interested in discussing whether this is the best title per WP:COMMONNAME. Woodshed (talk) 06:21, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

This page should be moved to Waco siege per WP:CAPS, as "Waco Siege" is not a proper name.

But I'd also like to bring this before editors to discuss if there's a better name for the page. There was a non-robust move discussion in 2006 — see Talk:Waco Siege/Archive 1.

I'm wondering if there's really one "common name" phrase in the public consciousness that describes this event.

Terms like Ruby Ridge, Heaven's Gate and Jonestown all became synonymous with the government/private conflicts that made national headlines. I don't think, in this case, Mount Carmel (the compound location — not in Waco) really did. Nor Branch Davidians, though I'd guess more people could recall the latter if asked. Most probably refer to it colloquially as "Waco" (or maybe Waco incident).

The problems with the article title, to me, are:

• It wasn't in Waco, it was located in an unincorporated area well outside the city — Mount Carmel. (Full disclosure: I live in Waco.)
• It may not have been a siege (some have suggested that's NPOV), "a military blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by attrition or assault." Is standoff or something else a better word here?

Googling combinations of Waco / Mount Carmel / Branch Davidians, and words like "siege," "standoff" and "raid" (probably the three top contenders), I'm not overwhelmed — or even whelmed — by any clear trend.

I have no strong opinions, I hope it's clear. Article titles to consider might be Montana Freemen, YFZ Ranch, as well as the aforementioned Ruby Ridge, Heaven's Gate and Jonestown. If I had my druthers, I would vote for Branch Davidian standoff or Mount Carmel standoff for consistency (using either the name of the group or the location of the incident in the title).

Ultimately, it may be, as WP:TITLE says, "If an article title has been stable for a long time, and there is no good reason to change it, it should not be changed." Woodshed (talk) 05:35, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

• I would say keep it as it is. Here, in England, the most common name for it is Waco Seige.

A quick search for news items has these, BBC, Time magazine and The Independant being a mix from UK and US independant media news sources The Waco Siege Feb. 28: Sent into a Deathtrap?, World: Americas Koresh and the Waco siege, The Waco Siege: Cult suicide could damage Clinton: As the Branch Davidian stand-off ends in tragedy the authorities face questions about their handling of the cult and 1993: Waco cult siege ends with inferno for example give this title in the headlines.

• Unfortunately for you Waco residents it seems that the Waco part has stuck, even searching for Branch Davidians returns many links with Waco or outside Waco. An MSNBC search for branch davidian returned these results [1] with three out of the four calling it at Waco Remembering Waco and Okla. City bombing, Waco cult leader's mother killed, aunt charged and Waco and Oklahoma City remembered

As for the capitalisation of the header "Seige" - if the common name for it is in fact Waco Seige, in caps, then I suppose that would be as it is now. The problem is that the most commonly used name, in an internet search result, is in headlines which tend to all be capitalised. Maybe that is what people remember rather than the body of the text lowercase seige.

I look forwards to the discussion  :¬) Chaosdruid (talk) 12:23, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

I don't care to use headlines as a metric, what with "Waco" being conveniently only four letters. I think I lean toward "Branch Davidian standoff" or something similar, but if concrete evidence can be found that "Waco siege" is overwhelmingly more common, I'm not inherently opposed. Powers ^T 13:09, 1 February 2011 (UTC)

• Support: I see little evidence of this being a commonly used proper noun for the event. I think probably a few media sources used the term "Waco Siege" simply because it grabs your attention more than the sentence-cased version. –CWenger (talk) 02:43, 2 February 2011 (UTC)

• Keep Doing a search in Google books finds 7 to 1; 1,580 for "waco siege" and 227 for "branch davidian siege". It is normal, I believe, that the published sources be used for that sort of count, but here are general internet searches :-

searches in Google:

"branch davidian seige" 113,000 [2]

"waco siege" 109,000 [3]

"branch davidian conflict" 80,200 [4]

"davidian massacre" 52,700 [5]

"waco massacre" 39,200 [6]

"waco tragedy" 20,600 [7]

"mount carmel siege" 473 [8]

"waco conflict" 212

"mount carmel massacre" 100

Searches in bing:

"Waco Siege" 12,400,000

I stopped as this number seems to be wildly inaccurate compared to Google

From this I can only assume that it should be Waco (followed by something). The issue for me is that the book sources are far more heavily weighted towards Waco at 7:1.

As for the problem of using the word "siege" v. "conflict" v. "stand-off" I see it as two-fold.

First, conflict implies just that and there was no real conflict per se.

Second, stand-off implies two sides just waiting (as per Collins English dictionary "2. a deadlock or stalemate 3. any situation or disposition of forces that counterbalances or neutralizes) - there was no counterbalance as the authorities had armoured vehicles so 3. is out, but a deadlock is so vague that to say "Branch Davidian stand-off" (stalemate/deadlock) could mean anything, even their arguments with the Davidians.

I think that siege is still the best term of use as per the overwhelming reputable sources giving several answers with a more than adequate use of "surround and wait for surrender" or "prolonged attempt to gain something" :-

Definitions of siege:

MSNEncarta [9]

1. military operation: a military or police operation in which troops or the police surround a place and cut off all outside access to force surrender ( often used before a noun )

2. prolonged effort: a prolonged effort to gain or overcome something

3. tiresome period: a prolonged and tedious period

lay siege to something

1. to besiege a place

2. to make a persistent attempt to gain something

Macmillan [10]

2 a situation in which a group of people surround a building in order to protest about something or to force the people inside to come out

Police surrounded the house for a 12 hour siege.

state of siege:

The town was in a state of siege (=people could not leave or enter it).

Hundreds of students laid siege to the American embassy.

Collins English dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition

1.a. the offensive operations carried out to capture a fortified place by surrounding it, severing its communications and supply lines, and deploying weapons against it

b. ( as modifier ): siege warfare

2. a persistent attempt to gain something

3. a long tedious period, as of illness, etc

aside: Waco Siege or Waco siege

Waco TX is not alone in unwanted notoriety. The Lillelid murders usually link to Greeneville TN simply because Greeneville was the nearest large city and was the location of the trial (even though the murders occurred in a rural area off Highway 81 when a Goth cult from Pikesville KY carjacked a family from Knoxville TN in transit). The Lillelid murders have become commonly associated with Greeneville. The raid on Mt. Carmel Center has become commonly associated with Waco.

The article has been entitled "Waco Siege" since it became an article 12 Feb 2006 and the events (ATF raid 28 Feb 1993, FBI standoff 1 Mar--18 Apr, FBI gas-and-tank assault 19 Apr) have been referred to as as a "siege" and as the "Waco Siege" in other media.

PBS - "chronology of the siege" ABC News - "the Waco Siege" TIME "The Waco Siege"

Changing a WP name long established, esp. if the name is commonly used in reference to the event elsewhere (Waco Siege, Colfax Massacre, Hindenburg Disaster, Reichstag Fire), ought not be done lightly.

A valid conflict could be the fact WP style is Capital Location lowercase event regardless of usage in other media. The events in the WP article "Colfax massacre" created 28 Mar 2004 are referred to as "Colfax Massacre" in other media (such as discussion at a lawyer blog of a recent book Charles Lane "The Day Freedom Died" 2008). Same with the WP article on "Reichstag fire" usually referred to in other media as the "Reichstag Fire". Similar WP "Hindenburg disaster" or Hindenburg disaster is commonly referred to as the "Hindenburg Disaster" elsewhere. Naaman Brown (talk) 14:53, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

I think we should use normal sentence casing as per Wikipedia convention unless there is near universal usage of another style in reliable sources. I don't think "Waco Siege" meets this threshold. Also, we should keep in mind that some of these sources might always use mostly-caps style in their headlines, so if they did refer to it by the same name in the text they might just use "Waco siege", but it's impossible to tell. –CWenger (talk) 16:07, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

Well no it is more than possible, I have included those links above for just that purpose :¬)

I do not want to start giving numbers though - it will be clear to all who go and look that the WS and Ws are used in headline and in body of articles respectively. Chaosdruid (talk) 18:50, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

I don't see in any of those articles where the term "Waco siege" is used in a sentence, not a headline. They do refer to the "siege" (not preceded by Waco) with a lowercase s, but I'm not sure how informative that is. –CWenger (talk) 19:45, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

I'm thinking maybe you were clicking on the second set of links rather than the first set ("A quick search for news items has these" and "Unfortunately for you Waco residents"). Mostly they use "siege at Waco" in the body, although the BBC one [11] also uses "Waco siege" in the headline.

Yep, you're right. –CWenger (talk) 20:24, 4 February 2011 (UTC)

The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

recent edits on Waco siege

Editor IP 76.186.27.145 added the last two paragraphs 23:53 6 Feb 2011. Ckatz excised the addition 07:50 7 Feb 2011 with comment (Uncited). The paragraph left standing was also uncited.

The applied standard appears to be that incriminatory accusations against the Davidians can stand uncited, but exculpatory evidence requires citations and all the rules on verifiable sources considered reliable.

===Child abuse allegations===

Reports from Joyce Sparks, an investigator from the Texas agency responsible for child protective services, stated she had found significant evidence that the allegations of child abuse were true in her visits to the Mount Carmel site over a period of months. However she said the investigation was difficult as she was not permitted to speak with the children alone, nor was she permitted to inspect all areas of the site.

California and Texas CPS had both conducted investigations into abuse charges and in both cases returned the children citiing a lack or no evidence of abuse. In both investigations Texas and California removed the children for interviews and examinations with cooperation of the Branch Davidians. It should be noted that the citation above is extracted from a largely discredited DOJ report on the aftermath of Waco and failed to note that Joyce Sparks statement was her's only and not offered on behalf of or in concurrance with the Texas CPS report. The Texas and California CPS investigation report findings were not included or cited in the DOJ report. ATF Special Agent David Aguilera used Sparks statement in obtaining the warrant granted by a federal judge that lead to the Waco incident but omitted the CPS reports and conclusion in his request for a warrant.

The warrant application repeated allegations of child sexual by Koresh. The State of Texas' child abuse investigation was featured prominently; but BATF failed to inform the federal magistrate that the child abuse investigation had been closed for lack of evidence April 30, 1992, nearly ten months before the assault on Mount Carmel Center.

The Waco siege article should be kept factual to avoid becoming either a whitewash or a conspiracy theory. If you add to the article, please cite a verifiable, reliable source; if you believe an addition to the article requires citation, use the flag and allow reasonable time for the addition to be properly cited. Adding without citation and deleting without noting citation needed are equally discourteous. Naaman Brown (talk) 12:16, 7 February 2011 (UTC)

COD Dayland Gent

I am restoring cause of death of Dayland Gent to stabbing, the official government COD, from the edit of 23:53 25 Feb 2011 by Moparchris with comment (Autopsies: changed stabbed to shot in relation to shootings.)

"Autopsy records indicate that at least 20 Davidians were shot, including five children under the age of 14, and three-year-old Dayland Gent was stabbed in the chest." Kristina King, "The Waco Incident", investigative documentary.

"Dayland Gent, Mt. Carmel Does 33 and 47 B: The Autopsy Report for Mt. Carmel Doe 33, identified as three year old Dayland Gent, tells us nothing about the conditions under which the remains were recovered. "The body is presented to the county morgue secured in a blue body bag . . ." Dayland is said to have died of a stab wound to the left chest. .... According to official recovery map (Remains Recovered from the Concrete Room), the first set of Dayland's remains was picked up on April 22, and given the number Mt. Carmel Doe 33. Then, according to the same map, more of Dayland Gent's remains were picked up with Mt. Carmel Doe 47: the Identification Matrix lists Mt. Carmel Doe 47 B as Dayland Gent (though there is no autopsy for 47 B)." Waco Holocaust Electronic Museum: Dismemberment and Agglutination

Since 1993-1994, COD of Dayland Gent has been listed as stabbing from sources citing the original autopsy report; there is no evidence to change it to shooting now. If there is evidence that Dayland Gent was shot rather than stabbed, one should present citable reliable sources. Naaman Brown (talk) 12:35, 26 February 2011 (UTC)

David Koresh is mentioned in the inroducion only as Koresh, but it makes no menton of him prior to this

David Koresh is mentioned in the inroducion only as Koresh, but it makes no menton of him prior to this —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.206.186.215 (talk) 04:24, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

apparently the first mention of David Koresh was deleted, leaving only a partial followup mention of "..Koresh himself". Added full name and linked to WP article. Naaman Brown (talk) 18:21, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

Number of Deaths

The introductory paragraph states that 76 people died in the fire. The section "The Final Assault" states that 75 died. Could someone find which is correct and rectify this? Peng1pete (talk) 01:34, 18 November 2011 (UTC)

There were 74 dead identified by name. Some accounts count the two pregnant women as four deaths. Some accounts count the unnamed foetus miscarried in the fire as a death, but not the unborn foetus. 74, 75, 76. Depends on definition of human life. Naaman Brown (talk) 17:19, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

Davidian Strength (Info Box)

An edit to the info box Strength of the belligerents added to the Branch Davidian side (revision 9 Jan 2012, comment (Since when has 6+4+74+9=75?!))

Those are total numbers from Casualties and Losses 6 dead in the raid 28 Feb 93 4 surrendered 28 Feb 93 74 dead final assault 19 Apr 93 9 surrendered 19 Apr 93

On the four surrendered 28 Feb 93 my notes show: 1993 Feb 28 "A tape was sent out of MCC with two old ladies, Catherine Matteson and Magaret Lawson, and two young boys." The 4 surrendered include 2 children.

The 74 dead includes the children who died that day. Eighteen were age 12 or younger. Four were 1 year old. Four were 2 year old.

Since we are adding children and infants to the strength of belligerents in the info box, there were nineteen additional children surrendered during the siege in Mar 1993, which would make the belligerents present at the 28 Feb 93 raid 6+4+19+74+9 on the Davidian side. --Naaman Brown (talk) 17:19, 9 January 2012 (UTC)

"ATF False claim"

According to the article, "ATF made a false claim that David Koresh was operating a methamphetamine lab, in order a drug nexus and obtain military assets under the 'War on Drugs'."

First, the period should go inside the quotation marks. This point, however, is moot--why is this phrase set inside quotation marks?

More importantly, the citation given is a report that discusses the required circumstances to use military force inside of the US. The report says that "Under more recent legislation, the Army can provide equipment, training, and expert military advice to civilian law enforcement agencies as part of the total effort in the war on drugs....The principle example of the contentious nature of such support can be found in ... the support provided to the ATF by the Army under the operational control of JTF 6, during the siege and assault of David Koresh's Branch Davidian compound."

I don't know how to insert a "citation needed" tag. The referenced Army report does not mention anything about ATF making a false claim. Can someone please insert the tag?--Lacarids (talk) 17:55, 19 May 2012 (UTC)

Never mind! I found the template...but the issue still exists--need a reliable source that says that the ATF made a false claim in order to obtain US Army support. The cited document does not say that ATF made a false claim. The wiki editor that wrote this paragraph is taking the Army author's argument two or three steps further than he intended it to be taken. Is this because the editor is drawing from other (unreferenced) sources? Or is the "false claim" claim false itself? --Lacarids (talk) 18:10, 19 May 2012 (UTC)

Good catch. Calling it a "false claim" without quoting somebody else saying those words is probably not a good idea. The "Civilian Law Enforcement" section of the cited source seems to indicate two things:

1. The BATF requested military support in an operation against a meth lab
2. The claim that Koresh was operating a drug lab appears to be ridiculous and unfounded

I think these two statements are backed up by the source. It would probably be safer to state those two things separately, instead of labeling something a "false claim" without letting the reader make the connection themselves. ~ Josh "Duff Man" (talk) 19:26, 19 May 2012 (UTC)

I fixed it a bit with House of representatives report: alleged drug nexus. I haven't separated the claims, sorry. --Enric Naval (talk) 20:57, 19 May 2012 (UTC)

Amendment for historical accuracy

Can amendments be made to the article changing statements about accidental fires being started, changing them to the fires started by the flame throwers on the Bradly assault vehicles? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.194.165.98 (talk) 03:24, 5 August 2012 (UTC)

This already is debunked in text since original video clearly shows it was insulation being dragged away from the building. CarolMooreDC 09:08, 8 August 2012 (UTC)

Bradley assault vehicles can't be fitted with flamethrowers. This volatile charge has long been refuted. 70.113.67.75 (talk) 03:53, 23 April 2013 (UTC)

Nomenclature

My decades of life experience and extensive non-fiction reading causes me to prefer the term "Waco Massacre" vice other labels.Obbop (talk) 16:23, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

Fair enough, but I'm not sure it would be appropriate to refer to it as such in the article without a good number of sources to cite as using the term. ~ JoshDuffMan (talk) 20:54, 8 October 2012 (UTC)

What has the number of sources to do with it. Either the term is merited or not. --41.151.5.2 (talk) 12:59, 17 December 2012 (UTC)

• Number of sources is a valid criteria to consider. If we find a single source that calls is the "Waco Birthday Party", would you accept that as a basis to change how we're referring to it in the article? Regardless, in this acase, number probably isn't the best criteria, NPOV is. Siege is more neutral than massacre. Niteshift36 (talk) 13:33, 17 December 2012 (UTC)

The article lacks infor about the "battle against the Babylon" prophecy of Koresh, among other things

Like the presence of Delta Force personnel (not just vague "Special Forces"). --Niemti (talk) 22:16, 15 November 2012 (UTC)

sources for fire from helicopters

In reference to this edit. It removes these sources:

• House of Representatives report

• Rangers report, (reaches the same conclusion, according to the House of Representatives report)

• final version of Danforth report, pages 24–25 (footnote 26), 33, 42–43, 132, 134.

And introduces these sources:

• http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2045.html According to their About Us page, the owner is Online Highways LLC., which seems to be a publisher of road guides?[12]

• http://www.public-action.com/SkyWriter/WacoMuseum/war/page/w_l.html a website by Carol a. Valentine, who endorses conspiracy theories, including the "no planes" theory in 9/11 [13]. She also endorses the theory that one of the tanks carrying a flamethrower[14], a theory that was debunked long time ago.

I think this edit goes against WP:FRINGE. It removes the mainstream position and it introduces a fringe position from fringe sources and from sources of unknown reliability. --Enric Naval (talk) 17:42, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

As of public-action.com - the "list of sponsors" (most long defunct) at Waco Holocaust Electronic Museum includes "Conspiracy Nation" ("Through the power of Melchizedek we shall defeat Cthulhu") and "Ukrainian Archive" (a former website dedicated to protection of Ukrainians accused of being Nazi collaborators and which is now under a VERY new management, see yourself). --Niemti (talk) 17:49, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

Please put back properly ref'd material and remove the fringerino stuff. CarolMooreDC 22:34, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

Why are we including "(author Carol Moore points out some evidence to the contrary)" as a caveat to the statement that National Guard helicopters did not return fire? I can see nothing that makes Carl Moore a reliable source that should be presented on such equal footing with the House of Representatives report on the raid. I can find no major reviews of the book, Davidian Massacre. It is very nearly self published, available on the author's personal website as well as a paperback from the Gun Owners Foundation and Legacy Communications. Having perused the book, the 'evidence' presented boils down to: helicopters flew over and there was gunfire, so the gunfire must have come from the helicopters. Fringe theories from unknown and essentially self published sources probably don't need to go into the article, and definitely not with anywhere near the same weight as the Congressional report. If some reliable or noteworthy source disputes the 'official' position, I fully support including it in the article, but this isn't it. Dworjan (talk) 10:33, 22 July 2013 (UTC)

Hmmm, I don’t see the need for all the personal attacks based on one editor’s poorly sourced comment. Even as of 1995, reliable sources reported on allegations of shooting from helicopters. Doubtless more have since then, including referring to various primary sources below. Listed below, in order of occurrence in chapter 5 of the book, are excerpted quotes and some summaries about evidence of firing from helicopters. As copyright holder I approve my use of quotes from the book on this talk page.

• Davidians allege that agents in one or more helicopters started unprovoked firing at them as they arrived at the north side of the building and continued to pass back and forth over the building, firing at will, for several minutes. They claim there were over 100 bullet holes from the agents in helicopters shooting into the walls and roofs. The three largest Davidian lawsuits, filed by the Cause Foundation, Ramsey Clark and Caddell & Conwell, all charge there was firing from helicopters.7/ Cause Foundation lawsuit (February 24, 19c94), p. 26; Clark lawsuit (February 25, 1995), p. 28; Caddell & Conwell lawsuit (July 26, 1994), p. 19.

• In late March, 1993 Rita Riddle told reporters there was "no question" agents fired from helicopters. "They say these helicopters were not armed? Bull puck. I heard them spraying the building when they went over."12/ J. Michael Kennedy and Louis Sahagun, "Sect member says helicopters shot at compound in gun battle," Los Angeles Times, March 30, 1993, A17.

• In the March 28, 1993 taped interview with attorney Dick DeGuerin, David Koresh denied that Davidians fired on helicopters before the cattle trailers arrived and challenged BATF's claim that BATF agents did not fire on Davidians from helicopters.13/ "Koresh defends actions in tape of interview," Dallas Morning News, May 28, 1993, 36A.

• The negotiation audio tapes reveal that both Steve Schneider and David Koresh informed negotiators of the firing.14/ Dr. Philip Arnold who described the tapes in 1995. The tapes are out there somewhere still; someone else may have verified.

• Psychologist Bruce D. Perry, who interviewed Davidian children who left Mount Carmel after the raid, described a child drawing a picture of a house beneath a rainbow. "When Perry asked, `Is there anything else?' the child calmly added bullet holes in the roof."15/ Sue Anne Pressley, "Waco Cult's Children Describe Beatings, Lectures, War Games: Experts Fail to Confirm Abuse of Cult's Children," Washington Post, May 5, 1993, A17.

• At trial Kathryn Schroeder said she saw a bullet holes in the ceiling and walls of the four story tower.16/ 1994 trial transcript, p. 4616, 4618.

• Fifteen minutes into the raid, in their second phone call to 9-1-1, Davidians complain frantically to Lieutenant Lynch about helicopters firing on them as nearly continuous gunfire can be heard in the background. (Several relevant quotes.) 1994 trial or other reliable source transcript.

• At trial both Judge Smith and the prosecutors tried to dismiss these statements as "self-serving," implying that panicky civilians would make up such a story for some nefarious purpose.20/ 1994 trial transcript, pgs. 6481-82, 6504.

• The frequently shown KWTX-TV video of an agent being shot at through the wall of the second story room displays clear evidence that at least four bullets were fired from above, even as the sounds of helicopters flying overhead can be heard. REF: Find one describing said video. While BATF agents alleged in court that Davidians were firing at them from the four story tower,21/ 1994 trial transcript, pgs. 2545, 2727.

• Davidian attorneys Dick DeGuerin and Jack Zimmermann, who visited Mount Carmel during the siege, insist that there was extensive evidence that BATF agents shot indiscriminately through Mount Carmel's front doors, walls and roof. They were very concerned with preserving this evidence of an out-of-control assault. In early April, 1993 the New York Times reported, "both lawyers clearly believed that helicopters flying over the compound during the raid had fired into upper floors of the main building from above." BATF Spokesperson Jerry Singer denied this. "The helicopters did not overfly the compound on Feb. 28 and I have no information that anyone fired from the helicopters." However, Jack Zimmermann stated, and Dick DeGuerin concurred, "an expert will be able to tell from the angle of the trajectory plus the pattern whether there are entry or exit holes. If it's in the ceiling and it's clearly an exit hole, it had to come from above. How else could it have come in?"23/ New York Times, April 5, 1993, A10. "Sect's Lawyers Dispute Gunfight Details," New York Times, April 5, 1993, A10;

• At trial Zimmermann, who is an army colonel and Vietnam veteran, described eight or nine bullet holes coming into the ceiling of David Koresh's bedroom in the top floor of the four story tower. "You could see the sky through the roof. They appeared to be exit holes, and the wood was splintered downward. My conclusion was that they came from the sky."24/ "Defense Rests Without Calling Cultists," New York Times, February 18, 1994.

• KWTX-TV video clearly shows the helicopters low on the horizon west of Mount Carmel several minutes into the raid, after agents are in place behind parked vehicles. In later KWTX-TV footage the cameraman or reporter clearly can be heard to say, "Two of them right over our heads," evidently a reference to aircraft which can be heard noisily flying above them.34/ FIND Video source and WP:Commetary on this

• Defense attorneys concentrated their questions on Jerry Seagraves who's the pilot of the Blackhawk helicopter which carried eight BATF agents, including the belligerent Royster and Aguilera. Seagraves recited the rules--"you cannot have any chambered rounds in the weapon while in the aircraft and no weapon will be discharged from the aircraft." However, he disclosed that the agents on board were armed.38/ 1994 trial transcript pgs. 3161, 3185.

• Seagraves asserted the cargo doors were closed during the whole flight but revealed that the "door gunners window" was opened because a BATF agent was shooting video out of it. (He said the purpose of that window was to carry an M-60 machinegun but there was no such machinegun.) Pilot Dickens testified that he saw one agent's head and shoulders hanging out of the window as he shot his video camera.39/ 1994 trial transcript pgs. 3164-65, 3295.

• The Treasury report alleges Winston Blake died of "craniocerebral trauma," and was shot from a distance of "two to three feet" by a "cult member" using a ".223" bullet. The Tarrant County Medical Examiners' official autopsy report on Winston Blake describes powder burns around the wound, as if Blake had been shot from a few feet away. However, an English pathologist conducted a second autopsy on Blake and concluded that Blake had died from a long-range, high-velocity gunshot wound and that the bullet had penetrated a wall before hitting him. This disturbing finding led to a full fledged, if inconclusive, investigation by Manchester, England, police in 1994 and 1995.48/ Treasury Department report, p. 104; "British Police Slam Davidian Siege," The Balance, newsletter of the Cause Foundation, March-April, 1995, p. 2.

• At trial attorney Jack Zimmermann, who visited Mount Carmel during the siege, said he saw bullet holes by the "upper bunk wall" going in the direction of a pool of blood on the bed. This suggests Wendell was shot from above as she lie in bed.55/ 1994 trial transcript, p. 6603.

So people who want to research all this further and enter the info should feel free to. I don't have time or energy myself. User:Carolmooredc 01:10, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

I made no personal attacks whatsoever. I merely stated that what was being used in the article was not a reliable source and explained why it wasn't a reliable source so that no one thought I was removing it from the article because I simply didn't like what the source was saying. If we want to say something like "Branch Davidians have made claims that the compound was fired on by helicopters" and cite a news article, I'm fine with that. As you pointed out, allegations have been made since 1995 about firing from helicopters. However, allegations of something occurring is not the same thing as evidence that it occurred. So we can certainly include allegations by cult members, but those allegations do not equal evidence that the helicopters fired on the building. Dworjan (talk) 02:22, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

• We should not be entertaining (or listing) every allegation made, regardless of what media source repeats that it was made. Notable ones can be mentioned, a source (or two) to show it and move on. Those sources should be very reputable ones, not user websites and advocacy groups. Niteshift36 (talk) 03:10, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

Absolutely. I agree with you on that. It just sounds to me (and I could be wrong here), that these allegations are widespread amongst former Davidians, and that the allegations have played a part in some of the civil suits? In that case, a brief mention would be acceptable. But material from fringe websites should remain on those fringe websites. Dworjan (talk) 03:23, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

I don't see anyone promoting fringe websites in this discussion. If someone decides to do thorough research I think they'll find various WP:RS recounting the theory by Davidians, their attorneys who were physical witnesses, and others that because there was evidence of BATF shooting illegally that killed as many as four Davidians, if the building survived BATF agents might be prosecuted. But someone has to do that work and I'm pretty burned out on Wikipedia myself right now so only doing minimal maintenance/anti-vandalism on a few articles of interest. User:Carolmooredc 14:09, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

The attorneys were witnesses? Niteshift36 (talk) 14:58, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

If you want to point us in the direction of those reliable sources, I'd take a look. I read through your website though, and considering it takes a different viewpoint on every significant event of the Siege from the mainstream, I think it meets wikipedia's definition of fringe. That's not really important though. What really matters is that there is very little evidence of this shooting from helicopters (and what does exist is ambiguous at best). What does exist are accusations by involved parties. If those accusations have received significant coverage in reliable sources, then they should be included.

It sounds like where we are at now is there are two editors that don't think the "helicopters fired on the compound" theory should be included, and one editor who doesn't care enough about it to find sources. So I think we're good with letting the article stand as it is now? Dworjan (talk) 21:02, 23 July 2013 (UTC)

City of God?

What's the point of having that on there?

--Madocgwynedd (talk) 07:13, 10 January 2013 (UTC)

Apparently because it was a dramatization of the siege itself. ~ JoshDuffMan (talk) 00:59, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

I'm sorry, but it needs to come out. It was probably written by one of Koresh's nutjob followers as a way to portray Koresh as christ. No need for this crap on wikipedia. Madocgwynedd (talk) 23:30, 4 May 2013 (UTC)

A 20th anniversary is coming

Could someone try to make a comprehensive summary of the entire article for the lead section? --Niemti (talk) 15:13, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

Also, the article lacks an explaination of the group's beliefs of the imminent end of the world and Koresh prophecy of an apocalyptic final battle: http://www.religioustolerance.org/dc_branc2.htm#evbd which is quite essential. --Niemti (talk) 20:46, 25 February 2013 (UTC)

"Waco massacre" as alternate title

I've removed an edit which added "Waco massacre" to the lede as an alternate name. The relevant guidelines here are, I believe, that the alternative name should be "significant", per Wikipedia:Article titles#Treatment of alternative names (and, in a title context, the principle for this sort of thing is that a term should have "prevalence" before being considered, per WP:POVNAME).

It feels a little POV-pushy to me, especially since the editor added five references for the term:

Of the three references available online — which are all books about the incident — two of them only use the phrase "Waco massacre" once. The other uses it six times. An Amazon book search shows that the first ref, titled "Massacre at Waco", does not use the phrase at all.[15] The second reference uses it in the title, at least.

In an earlier move discussion, another user presented these figures:

"branch davidian seige" 113,000 [16]

"waco siege" 109,000 [17]

"branch davidian conflict" 80,200 [18]

"davidian massacre" 52,700 [19]

"waco massacre" 39,200 [20]

"waco tragedy" 20,600 [21]

"mount carmel siege" 473 [22]

"waco conflict" 212

"mount carmel massacre" 100

which don't suggest to me that "Waco massacre" is a clear alternate title, at least not to the exclusion of several others. I would welcome any discussion on these points. Woodshed (talk) 06:45, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

• Good call. I'd support it. Niteshift36 (talk) 12:47, 16 July 2013 (UTC)

Since general internet returns overwhelmingly are not very WP:reliable sources, it's better to use news.google archive and books.google searches for a better idea of which phrase is used most by reliable sources. I don't know myself. User:Carolmooredc 12:27, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

I thought the previous user said those were Google Books results. I misread.

Term	Google Books	Google Scholar
Waco siege	3,420	401
Waco massacre	732	114
Waco standoff	934	168
Waco tragedy	1,860	335
Waco incident	2,380	283
Waco murders	89	11

Based on this, to assert "Waco massacre" as essentially the second-most used title is problematic. Woodshed (talk) 22:14, 17 July 2013 (UTC)

• I agree, "massacre" isn't a good choice. Even if it somehow "won" the numbers, it's so POV that it will be problematic. Niteshift36 (talk) 01:02, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

I assume you searched with terms in quotes, "Waco siege" etc., since I got a similar search results for Waco Siege when did. Unfortunately, news google archive search doesn't give such definitive numbers (and I've found one can get different results if one narrows the years specified). On a twenty result per page basis I found:

• "Waco Seige": i stopped counting after 50x20 pages
• "Waco massacre": only 5x20 pages
• "Waco standoff": at least 10x20 pages, maybe more
• "Waco incident": at least 10X20 pages

&"Waco murders": only 2x20 pages, a lot about a triple homocide in Waco

Of course, the terms themselves could have POVs, though most of which can be interpreted as mean either "the govt was at fault" or "the Davidians were at fault." Though "Incident" is really neutral and practically meaningless so not worth mentioning. Standoff/murders might have a bit more law enforcement POV, and tragedy/massacre more a gun rights/civil liberties POV, but it would take a lot of research of sources to figure that out. It would be nice if some WP:RS had written something specifying the POVs of those using the terms, an perhaps one or two have. So more research is always an option. User:Carolmooredc 20:41, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

Biased article

A NPOV article would state the rationale for the seige, the consequences of the seige, and the cause of those consequences (a fire, which the evidence indicates was started by the Davidians). Instead, we have an article ruled by fringe/ideological sources intended to portray the USG negatively, which makes blatantly biased statements like the idea that "child abuse" (read: mass (statutory) rape) charges against the Davidians were "unsubstantiated." Steeletrap (talk) 22:44, 2 November 2013 (UTC)

You might want to actually study the official reports and testimonies surrounding the Waco events. Critical and negative portrayals of government action on Waco is anything but fringe. 72.95.102.200 (talk) 23:01, 30 November 2013 (UTC)