Windows 8.1: Difference between revisions
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| supported_platforms = [[IA-32]], [[x64]], [[ARMv7]] |
| supported_platforms = [[IA-32]], [[x64]], [[ARMv7]] |
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| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] |
| kernel_type = [[Hybrid kernel|Hybrid]] |
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| first_release_date = {{Start date and age |
| first_release_date = {{Start date and age|2013|8|27}} |
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| first_release_url = http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/08/14/mark-your-calendars-for-windows-8-1.aspx |
| first_release_url = http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/08/14/mark-your-calendars-for-windows-8-1.aspx |
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| GA_date = {{Start date and age |
| GA_date = {{Start date and age|2013|10|17}} |
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| GA_url = http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/14/technology/enterprise/windows-8-1-update/index.html |
| GA_url = http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/14/technology/enterprise/windows-8-1-update/index.html |
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| release_version = 8.1 with Update (v6.3.9600) |
| release_version = 8.1 with Update (v6.3.9600) |
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| release_date = {{Start date and age |
| release_date = {{Start date and age|2014|04|08}} |
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| release_url = http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/windowsexperience/archive/2014/04/08/why-i-love-today-s-windows-8-1-update.aspx |
| release_url = http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/windowsexperience/archive/2014/04/08/why-i-love-today-s-windows-8-1-update.aspx |
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| preview_version = |
| preview_version = |
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| succeeded_by = [[Windows 10]] (2015) |
| succeeded_by = [[Windows 10]] (2015) |
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| support_status = {{Plainlist| |
| support_status = {{Plainlist| |
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* Mainstream support until |
* Mainstream support until January 9, 2018 |
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* Extended support until |
* Extended support until January 10, 2023 |
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* Upgrading to Windows 8.1 is required for [[Windows 8]] users to receive support after |
* Upgrading to Windows 8.1 is required for [[Windows 8]] users to receive support after January 12, 2016.<ref name=maximumpc-81support>{{cite web|title=Microsoft Support Lifecycle, Windows 8|url=http://support.microsoft.com/lifecycle/?c2=16796|work=Microsoft|accessdate=January 8, 2014}}</ref> |
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'''Windows 8.1''' is an upgrade for [[Windows 8]], a version of [[Windows NT]], a computer [[operating system]] released by [[Microsoft]]. First unveiled and released as a public beta in June 2013, it was [[release to manufacturing|released to manufacturing]] on |
'''Windows 8.1''' is an upgrade for [[Windows 8]], a version of [[Windows NT]], a computer [[operating system]] released by [[Microsoft]]. First unveiled and released as a public beta in June 2013, it was [[release to manufacturing|released to manufacturing]] on August 27, 2013, and reached [[general availability]] on October 17, 2013, almost a year after the retail release of its predecessor. Windows 8.1 is available free of charge for retail copies of Windows 8 and [[Windows RT]] users via [[Windows Store]]. Unlike service packs on previous versions of Windows, users who obtained 8 outside of retail copies or pre-loaded installations (i.e., [[volume licensing]]) must obtain 8.1 through new installation media from their respective subscription or enterprise channel. Microsoft's support lifecycle policy treats Windows 8.1 similar to previous service packs of Windows: It is part of Windows 8's support lifecycle, and installing 8.1 is required to maintain access to support and [[Windows update]]s after January 12, 2016. However, unlike previous service packs, Windows 8.1 cannot be acquired via [[Windows Update]] and only accepts 8.1-specific product keys. |
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Released as part of a shift by Microsoft towards regular yearly major updates for its platforms and services, Windows 8.1 was primarily intended to address complaints of Windows 8 users and reviewers on launch. Visible enhancements include an improved [[Start screen]], additional snap views, additional bundled apps, tighter [[OneDrive]] (formerly [[SkyDrive]]) integration, [[Internet Explorer 11]], a [[Bing]]-powered unified search system, restoration of a visible [[Start button]] on the [[taskbar]], and the ability to restore the previous behavior of opening the user's desktop on login instead of the Start screen. Windows 8.1 also added support for such emerging technologies as high resolution displays, [[3D printing]], [[Wi-Fi Direct]], and [[Miracast]] streaming. |
Released as part of a shift by Microsoft towards regular yearly major updates for its platforms and services, Windows 8.1 was primarily intended to address complaints of Windows 8 users and reviewers on launch. Visible enhancements include an improved [[Start screen]], additional snap views, additional bundled apps, tighter [[OneDrive]] (formerly [[SkyDrive]]) integration, [[Internet Explorer 11]], a [[Bing]]-powered unified search system, restoration of a visible [[Start button]] on the [[taskbar]], and the ability to restore the previous behavior of opening the user's desktop on login instead of the Start screen. Windows 8.1 also added support for such emerging technologies as high resolution displays, [[3D printing]], [[Wi-Fi Direct]], and [[Miracast]] streaming. |
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== History == |
== History == |
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[[File:Moscone Center, San Francisco (2013).JPG|thumb|right|Windows 8.1 was revealed at [[Build (conference)|Build 2013]], held at San Francisco's Moscone Center.]] |
[[File:Moscone Center, San Francisco (2013).JPG|thumb|right|Windows 8.1 was revealed at [[Build (conference)|Build 2013]], held at San Francisco's Moscone Center.]] |
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In February 2013, [[ZDNet]] writer Mary Jo Foley disclosed potential rumors about "Blue", the codename for a wave of planned updates across several Microsoft products and services, including [[Windows 8]], [[Windows Phone 8]], [[Outlook.com]], and [[SkyDrive]]. In particular, the report detailed that Microsoft was planning to shift to a more "continuous" development model, which would see major revisions to its main software platforms released on a consistent yearly cycle to keep up with market demands. Lending credibility to the reports, Foley noted that a Microsoft staff member had listed experience with "Windows Blue" on his [[LinkedIn]] profile, and listed it as a separate operating system from 8.<ref name="pcw-whatisblue">{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2027618/is-windows-blue-a-set-of-coordinated-updates-for-all-microsoft-products-.html | title=Is 'Windows Blue' a set of coordinated updates for all Microsoft products? | publisher=[[IDG]] | work=[[PC World]] | date= |
In February 2013, [[ZDNet]] writer Mary Jo Foley disclosed potential rumors about "Blue", the codename for a wave of planned updates across several Microsoft products and services, including [[Windows 8]], [[Windows Phone 8]], [[Outlook.com]], and [[SkyDrive]]. In particular, the report detailed that Microsoft was planning to shift to a more "continuous" development model, which would see major revisions to its main software platforms released on a consistent yearly cycle to keep up with market demands. Lending credibility to the reports, Foley noted that a Microsoft staff member had listed experience with "Windows Blue" on his [[LinkedIn]] profile, and listed it as a separate operating system from 8.<ref name="pcw-whatisblue">{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2027618/is-windows-blue-a-set-of-coordinated-updates-for-all-microsoft-products-.html | title=Is 'Windows Blue' a set of coordinated updates for all Microsoft products? | publisher=[[IDG]] | work=[[PC World]] | date=February 8, 2013 | accessdate=October 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name="zdnet-bluerumor">{{cite web | url=http://www.zdnet.com/microsofts-blue-wave-is-coming-to-more-than-just-windows-7000010998/ | title=Microsoft's 'Blue' wave is coming to more than just Windows | publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] | work=[[ZDNet]] | date=February 7, 2013 | accessdate=December 19, 2013 | last=Foley | first=Mary Jo}}</ref> |
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A post-[[Release to manufacturing|RTM]] build of Windows 8, build 9364, leaked in March 2013. The build, which was believed to be of "Windows Blue", revealed a number of enhancements across Windows 8's interface, including additional size options for tiles, expanded color options on the Start screen, the expansion of PC Settings to include more options that were previously exclusive to the desktop [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]], the ability for apps to snap to half of the screen, the ability to take screenshots from the Share charm, additional stock apps, increased [[SkyDrive]] integration (such as automatic device backups) and Internet Explorer 11.<ref name="infoworld-bluedesktop">{{cite web | url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/windows-blue-demise-of-the-desktop/240151656 | title=Windows Blue: Demise Of The Desktop? | publisher=[[UBM]] | work=[[InformationWeek]] | date= |
A post-[[Release to manufacturing|RTM]] build of Windows 8, build 9364, leaked in March 2013. The build, which was believed to be of "Windows Blue", revealed a number of enhancements across Windows 8's interface, including additional size options for tiles, expanded color options on the Start screen, the expansion of PC Settings to include more options that were previously exclusive to the desktop [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]], the ability for apps to snap to half of the screen, the ability to take screenshots from the Share charm, additional stock apps, increased [[SkyDrive]] integration (such as automatic device backups) and Internet Explorer 11.<ref name="infoworld-bluedesktop">{{cite web | url=http://www.informationweek.com/software/operating-systems/windows-blue-demise-of-the-desktop/240151656 | title=Windows Blue: Demise Of The Desktop? | publisher=[[UBM]] | work=[[InformationWeek]] | date=March 24, 2013 | accessdate=March 26, 2013 | first=Michael | last=Endler}}</ref><ref name="verge-blueleak">{{cite web | url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/3/25/4144618/windows-blue-video-preview-screenshots | title=Windows Blue: a video preview of what's next for Windows 8 | publisher=[[Vox Media]] | work=[[The Verge]] | date=March 25, 2013 | accessdate=March 26, 2013 | first=Tom | last=Warren}}</ref> Shortly afterward on March 26, 2013, corporate vice president of corporate communications Frank X. Shaw officially acknowledged the "Blue" project, stating that continuous development would be "the new normal" at Microsoft, and that "our product groups are also taking a unified planning approach so people get what they want—all of their devices, apps and services working together wherever they are and for whatever they are doing."<ref name="pcw-bluerevealed">{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2032104/microsoft-officially-acknowledges-windows-blue.html | title=Microsoft officially acknowledges Windows Blue | publisher=[[IDG]] | work=[[PC World]] | date=March 26, 2013 | accessdate=March 29, 2013 | first=Brad | last=Chacos}}</ref> |
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In early May, press reports announcing the upcoming version in ''[[Financial Times]]'' and ''[[The Economist]]'' negatively compared Windows 8 to [[New Coke]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/330c8b8e-b66b-11e2-93ba-00144feabdc0.html | title=Microsoft prepares rethink on Windows 8 flagship software | publisher=[[Financial Times]] | work=[[FT.com]] | date= |
In early May, press reports announcing the upcoming version in ''[[Financial Times]]'' and ''[[The Economist]]'' negatively compared Windows 8 to [[New Coke]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/330c8b8e-b66b-11e2-93ba-00144feabdc0.html | title=Microsoft prepares rethink on Windows 8 flagship software | publisher=[[Financial Times]] | work=[[FT.com]] | date=May 7, 2013 | accessdate=January 5, 2014 | last=Waters | first=Richard}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.economist.com/news/business/21577371-windows-8-only-beginning-microsofts-problems-microsoft-blues | title=Schumpeter: Microsoft blues | publisher=The Economist Newspaper Limited | work=[[The Economist]] | date=May 11, 2013 | accessdate=January 5, 2014 | first=Joseph | last=Schumpeter}}</ref> The theme was then echoed and debated in the computer press.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/cringely/windows-8-new-coke-thats-insult-new-coke-218441 | title=Windows 8 as New Coke? That's an insult to New Coke | publisher=[[IDG]] | work=[[InfoWorld]] | date=May 13, 2013 | accessdate=January 5, 2014 | last=Cringely | first=Robert X.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2038560/microsoft-isnt-planning-windows-eight-wake-amid-new-coke-comparisons.html | title=Microsoft douses comparisons of Windows 8 to 'New Coke' | publisher=[[IDG]] | work=[[PC World]] | date=May 11, 2013 | accessdate=January 5, 2014 | last=DesMarais | first=Christina}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/Print/2013/05/08/microsoft_coke_moment_windows_8/ | title=Coke? Windows 8 is Microsoft's 'Vista moment' | work=[[The Register]] | date=May 8, 2013 | accessdate=January 12, 2014 | first=Gavin | last=Clarke}}</ref> Shaw rejected this criticism as "extreme",<ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57584029-75/microsoft-responds-to-extreme-windows-8-criticism/ | title=Microsoft responds to 'extreme' Windows 8 criticism | publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] | work=[[CNET]] | date=May 11, 2013 | accessdate=January 12, 2014 | last=Crothers | first=Brooke}}</ref> adding that he saw a comparison with [[Diet Coke]] as more appropriate.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9239233/Windows_8_isn_t_New_Coke_says_top_Microsoft_exec_it_s_Diet_Coke | title=Windows 8 isn't New Coke, says top Microsoft exec; it's Diet Coke | publisher=[[IDG]] | work=[[Computerworld]] | date=May 15, 2013 | accessdate=January 12, 2014 | last=Keizer | first=Gregg}}</ref> |
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On |
On May 14, Microsoft officially announced that "Blue" would be named Windows 8.1. Following a keynote presentation focusing on this version, the public beta of Windows 8.1 was released on June 26, 2013 during [[Build (conference)|Build]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/05/14/windows-keeps-getting-better.aspx | title=Windows Keeps Getting Better | publisher=Microsoft | work=Blogging Windows | date=May 14, 2013 | accessdate=May 15, 2013 | last=LeBlanc | first=Brandon}}</ref><ref name="pcw-81previewenterprise">{{cite web | url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2045561/microsoft-releases-windows-8-1-enterprise-preview-with-vdi-windows-to-go-support.html | title=Microsoft releases Windows 8.1 Enterprise preview with VDI, Windows to Go support | publisher=[[IDG]] | work=[[PC World]] | date=July 30, 2013 | accessdate=January 13, 2014 | first=Mark | last=Hachman}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/download-and-install-windows-81-preview | title=Download and Install the Windows 8.1 Preview | publisher=[[Penton Media]] | work=Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows | date=June 26, 2013 | accessdate=January 12, 2014 | last=Thurrott | first=Paul | authorlink=Paul Thurrott}}</ref> Build 9600 of Windows 8.1 was released to [[Release to manufacturing|OEM hardware partners]] on August 27, 2013, and became generally available on October 17, 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/08/14/mark-your-calendars-for-windows-8-1.aspx | title=Mark your calendars for Windows 8.1! | publisher=Microsoft | work=Blogging Windows | date=August 14, 2013 | accessdate=January 13, 2014 | last=LeBlanc | first=Brandon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://money.cnn.com/2013/08/14/technology/enterprise/windows-8-1-update/index.html | title=Windows 8.1 update coming October 18 | publisher=[[Time Warner]] | work=[[CNN Money]] | date=January 12, 2014 | accessdate=August 14, 2013 | first=Adrian | last=Covert}}</ref> Unlike past releases of Windows and its service packs, volume license customers and subscribers to [[MSDN]] Plus and [[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] Plus were unable to obtain the RTM version upon its release; a spokesperson stated that the change in policy was to allow Microsoft to work with OEMs "to ensure a quality experience at general availability."<ref name="ext-81rtm">{{cite web | url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/164983-microsoft-confirms-windows-8-1-rtm-but-expect-a-large-bug-fixing-patch-on-release | title=Microsoft confirms Windows 8.1 RTM, but expect a large bug-fixing patch on release | publisher=[[Ziff Davis Media]] | work=[[ExtremeTech]] | date=August 27, 2013 | accessdate=January 12, 2014 | last=Anthony | first=Sebastian}}</ref><ref name="tnw-msdnsp1">{{cite web | url=http://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2011/02/16/windows-7-sp1-rtm-is-out-for-msdn-and-technet-customers/ | title=Windows 7 SP1 RTM is out for MSDN and TechNet customers | work=[[The Next Web]] | date=February 16, 2011 | accessdate=January 12, 2014 | last=Wilhelm | first=Alex}}</ref> However, after criticism, Microsoft reversed its decision and released the RTM build on MSDN and TechNet on September 9, 2013.<ref name="verge-rtmmsdn">{{cite web | url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/9/9/4710174/windows-8-1-msdn-technet-download-now-available | title=Windows 8.1 now available on MSDN and TechNet following developer complaints | publisher=[[Vox Media]] | work=[[The Verge]] | accessdate=September 9, 2013 | date=January 12, 2014 | last=Warren | first=Tom}}</ref> Prior to the release of 8.1, Microsoft premiered a new television commercial in late-September 2013 that focused on its changes as part of the "Windows Everywhere" campaign.<ref name="verge-81ad">{{cite web | url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/9/29/4782384/first-windows-8-1-ad-start-button | title=First Windows 8.1 ad features the return of the Start button | publisher=[[Vox Media]] | work=[[The Verge]] | date=September 29, 2013 | accessdate=January 12, 2014 | first=Tom | last=Warren}}</ref> |
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Shortly after its release, Windows RT 8.1 was temporarily [[product recall|recalled]] by Microsoft following reports that some users had encountered a rare bug which corrupted the operating system's [[Boot Configuration Data]] during installation, resulting in an error on startup.<ref name=verge-81pulled>{{cite web|title=Windows RT 8.1 update taken offline due to installation issues|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/19/4855660/windows-rt-8-1-update-taken-offline-due-to-installation-issues|work=The Verge|accessdate= |
Shortly after its release, Windows RT 8.1 was temporarily [[product recall|recalled]] by Microsoft following reports that some users had encountered a rare bug which corrupted the operating system's [[Boot Configuration Data]] during installation, resulting in an error on startup.<ref name=verge-81pulled>{{cite web|title=Windows RT 8.1 update taken offline due to installation issues|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/19/4855660/windows-rt-8-1-update-taken-offline-due-to-installation-issues|work=The Verge|accessdate=October 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name=pcw-rtpulled>{{cite web|title=Microsoft temporarily pulls Windows RT 8.1 update due to 'a situation'|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2056283/microsoft-temporarily-pulls-windows-rt-8-1-update-due-to-a-situation.html|work=PC World|accessdate=October 20, 2013}}</ref> On October 21, 2013, Microsoft confirmed that the bug was limited to the [[Microsoft Surface RT]] tablet, and only affected 1 in 1000 installations. The company released recovery media and instructions which could be used to repair the device, and restored access to Windows RT 8.1 the next day.<ref name=pcw-surfacertfix>{{cite web|title=Microsoft releases fix for Surface RT slates borked by Windows RT 8.1 update|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2056295/microsoft-releases-fix-for-surface-rt-slates-borked-by-windows-rt-8-1-update.html|work=PC World|accessdate=October 22, 2013}}</ref><ref name=pcw-81returned>{{cite web|title=Microsoft fixes Windows RT 8.1 issues, returns update to Windows Store|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2056548/microsoft-fixes-windows-rt-8-1-issues-returns-update-to-windows-store.html|work=PC World|accessdate=October 22, 2013}}</ref> |
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It was also found that changes to screen resolution handling on 8.1 resulted in [[Computer mouse|mouse]] input lag in certain video games that do not use the [[DirectInput]] API's—particularly [[first-person shooter]] games, including ''[[Deus Ex: Human Revolution]]'', ''[[Hitman: Absolution]]'', and ''[[Metro 2033 (video game)|Metro 2033]]''. Users also found the issues to be more pronounced when using gaming mice with high resolution and/or polling rates. Microsoft released a patch to fix the bug on certain games in November 2013, and acknowledged that it was caused by "changes to mouse-input processing for low-latency interaction scenarios".<ref name=tomsguide-81mouse>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 May Cause Mouse Lag in Some Games|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/mouse-lag-windows-8.1-dpi-framework-call-of-duty,24789.html|work=Tom's Hardware|accessdate= |
It was also found that changes to screen resolution handling on 8.1 resulted in [[Computer mouse|mouse]] input lag in certain video games that do not use the [[DirectInput]] API's—particularly [[first-person shooter]] games, including ''[[Deus Ex: Human Revolution]]'', ''[[Hitman: Absolution]]'', and ''[[Metro 2033 (video game)|Metro 2033]]''. Users also found the issues to be more pronounced when using gaming mice with high resolution and/or polling rates. Microsoft released a patch to fix the bug on certain games in November 2013, and acknowledged that it was caused by "changes to mouse-input processing for low-latency interaction scenarios".<ref name=tomsguide-81mouse>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 May Cause Mouse Lag in Some Games|url=http://www.tomshardware.com/news/mouse-lag-windows-8.1-dpi-framework-call-of-duty,24789.html|work=Tom's Hardware|accessdate=November 26, 2013}}</ref><ref name=pcw-mousefix>{{cite web|title=Microsoft fixes Windows 8.1 mouse issues, but not for all games|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2062425/microsoft-fixes-windows-8-1-mouse-issues-but-not-for-all-games.html|work=PC World|accessdate=November 26, 2013}}</ref> |
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=== Update {{anchor|UPD}} === |
=== Update {{anchor|UPD}} === |
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On |
On April 8, 2014, Microsoft released "Windows 8.1 Update", which included all past updates plus new features.<ref>{{cite web |title=Why I love today’s Windows 8.1 Update |url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/windowsexperience/archive/2014/04/08/why-i-love-today-s-windows-8-1-update.aspx |work=Windows Experience Blog |publisher=[[Microsoft]] |accessdate=May 11, 2014 |date=April 8, 2014}}</ref> It was unveiled by Microsoft vice president [[Joe Belfiore]] at [[Mobile World Congress]] on February 23, 2014, and detailed in full at Microsoft's [[Build (conference)|Build conference]] on April 2. Belfiore noted that the update would lower the minimum system requirements for Windows, so it can be installed on devices with as little as 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB of storage.<ref>{{cite web |last=Fitzsimmons |first=Michelle |title=Windows 8.1 Update 1: hands on with Microsoft's latest Windows update |url= http://www.techradar.com/news/software/operating-systems/windows-8-1-update-1-what-s-in-microsoft-s-latest-windows-update-1232863 |work=[[TechRadar]] |publisher=[[Future plc]] |accessdate=May 19, 2014 |date=May 13, 2014}}</ref> Unlike 8.1 itself, this cumulative update is distributed through [[Windows Update]], and must be installed in order to receive any further patches for Windows 8.1.<ref name=pcw-required>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 Update is required for future Windows 8.1 patches |url= http://www.pcworld.com/article/2140803/windows-8-1-update-is-required-for-future-windows-8-1-patches.html |work=PC World|publisher=IDG|accessdate=April 9, 2014}}</ref> |
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At the 2014 Build conference, during April, Microsoft's [[Terry Myerson]] unveiled further user interface changes for Windows 8.1, including the ability to run Metro-style apps inside desktop windows, and a revised [[Start menu]], which creates a compromise between the Start menu design used by [[Windows 7]] and the Start screen, by combining the application listing in the first column with a second that can be used to display app tiles. Myerson stated that these changes would occur in a future update, but did not elaborate further. Microsoft also unveiled a concept known as "Universal Windows apps", in which a [[Windows Runtime]] app can be [[porting|ported]] to [[Windows Phone 8.1]] and [[Xbox One]] while sharing a common codebase. While it does not entirely unify Windows' app [[software ecosystem|ecosystem]] with that of Windows Phone, it will allow developers to synchronize data between versions of their app on each platform, and bundle access to Windows, Windows Phone, and Xbox One versions of an app in a single purchase.<ref name=pcworld-universalapps>{{cite web|title=Microsoft's universal Windows apps run on tablets, phones, Xbox, and PCs |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2138625/microsoft-introduces-universal-apps-that-scale-across-phones-tablets-and-pcs.html|work=PC World |publisher=IDG|accessdate= |
At the 2014 Build conference, during April, Microsoft's [[Terry Myerson]] unveiled further user interface changes for Windows 8.1, including the ability to run Metro-style apps inside desktop windows, and a revised [[Start menu]], which creates a compromise between the Start menu design used by [[Windows 7]] and the Start screen, by combining the application listing in the first column with a second that can be used to display app tiles. Myerson stated that these changes would occur in a future update, but did not elaborate further. Microsoft also unveiled a concept known as "Universal Windows apps", in which a [[Windows Runtime]] app can be [[porting|ported]] to [[Windows Phone 8.1]] and [[Xbox One]] while sharing a common codebase. While it does not entirely unify Windows' app [[software ecosystem|ecosystem]] with that of Windows Phone, it will allow developers to synchronize data between versions of their app on each platform, and bundle access to Windows, Windows Phone, and Xbox One versions of an app in a single purchase.<ref name=pcworld-universalapps>{{cite web|title=Microsoft's universal Windows apps run on tablets, phones, Xbox, and PCs |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2138625/microsoft-introduces-universal-apps-that-scale-across-phones-tablets-and-pcs.html|work=PC World |publisher=IDG|accessdate=April 5, 2014}}</ref><ref name=pcw-startback>{{cite web|title=Rejoice! The Start menu is coming back to Windows |url= http://www.pcworld.com/article/2138443/rejoice-the-start-menu-is-coming-back-to-windows.html |work=PC World |publisher=IDG|accessdate=April 2, 2014}}</ref><ref name=ars-startreturn>{{cite web |title=Future Windows 8.1 update will finally bring back the Start menu|url=http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/04/future-windows-8-1-update-will-finally-bring-back-the-start-menu/|work=Ars Technica |accessdate=April 5, 2014}}</ref><ref name=infoworld-universalapps>{{cite web |title=One Windows, all devices: The new Microsoft app strategy unveiled |url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/microsoft-net/one-windows-all-devices-the-new-microsoft-app-strategy-unveiled-239698|work=InfoWorld|accessdate=April 5, 2014}}</ref> |
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Microsoft originally announced that users who did not install the update would not receive any other updates after |
Microsoft originally announced that users who did not install the update would not receive any other updates after May 13, 2014.<ref name=softpedia-deadline /> However, meeting this deadline proved challenging: The ability to deploy Windows 8.1 Update through [[Windows Software Update Services]] (WSUS) was disabled shortly after its release following the discovery of a bug which affects the ability to use WSUS as a whole in certain server configurations.<ref name=infoworld-wsus81>{{cite web|title=Microsoft removes Windows 8.1 Update from WSUS update servers|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/04/windows-8-1-update-halted-to-some-enterprise-users-amid-wsus-issues/ |work=InfoWorld |publisher=IDG |accessdate=April 9, 2014}}</ref> Microsoft later fixed the issue<ref>{{cite web |last=Popa |first=Bogdan|title=Microsoft Fixes Windows 8.1 Update WSUS Bug|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Microsoft-Fixes-Windows-8-1-Update-WSUS-Bug-438085.shtml|work=[[Softpedia]] |publisher=SoftNews |accessdate=May 17, 2014|date=April 17, 2014}}</ref> but users continued to report that the update may fail to install.<ref name=softpedia-deadline /> Microsoft's attempt to fix the problem was ineffective, to the point that Microsoft pushed the support deadline further to June 30, 2014.<ref name=softpedia-deadline>{{cite web|last=Popa|first=Bogdan|title=One Day Before the Deadline, Some Users Still Can't Install Windows 8.1 Update|url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/One-Day-Before-the-Deadline-Some-Users-Still-Can-t-Install-Windows-8-1-Update-441744.shtml |work=[[Softpedia]] |publisher=SoftNews |accessdate=May 17, 2014 |date=May 12, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Popa |first=Bogdan |title=Microsoft Extends Windows 8.1 Update Installation Deadline |url= http://news.softpedia.com/news/Microsoft-Extends-Windows-8-1-Update-Installation-Deadline-441750.shtml |work=[[Softpedia]] |publisher=SoftNews |accessdate=May 17, 2014 |date=May 12, 2014}}</ref> On 16 May, Microsoft released additional updates to fix a problem of [[BSOD]] in the update.<ref>{{cite web |title=Microsoft acknowledges more errors, 80070371 and 80071A91, when installing Windows 8.1 Update/KB 2919355 |url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/microsoft-windows/microsoft-acknowledges-more-errors-80070371-and-80071a91-when-installing-windows-81-updatekb-2919355-2426?source=rss_infoworld_blogs |work=[[InfoWorld]] |publisher=[[IDG]]|accessdate=May 17, 2014 |date=May 16, 2014}}</ref> |
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== Distribution == |
== Distribution == |
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Microsoft markets Windows 8.1 as an "update" for Windows 8, avoiding the term "upgrade."<ref name=cw-updatenotanupdate>{{cite web|title=When is a Windows update not an update? When it's an upgrade|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9241315/When_is_a_Windows_update_not_an_update_When_it_s_an_upgrade|work=Computerworld|accessdate= |
Microsoft markets Windows 8.1 as an "update" for Windows 8, avoiding the term "upgrade."<ref name=cw-updatenotanupdate>{{cite web|title=When is a Windows update not an update? When it's an upgrade|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9241315/When_is_a_Windows_update_not_an_update_When_it_s_an_upgrade|work=Computerworld|accessdate=October 19, 2013}}</ref> Microsoft's support lifecycle policy treats Windows 8.1 similar to previous [[service pack]]s of Windows: It is part of Windows 8's support lifecycle, and upgrading to 8.1 is required to maintain access to support and [[Windows update]]s after January 12, 2016.<ref name=maximumpc-81support/><ref name=cw-81cycle>{{cite web|title=Microsoft mandates Windows 8.1 upgrade|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9241230/Microsoft_mandates_Windows_8.1_upgrade|work=ComputerWorld|accessdate=November 28, 2013}}</ref> |
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Retail and OEM copies of [[Windows 8 editions|Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro]], and [[Windows RT]] can be upgraded through [[Windows Store]] free of charge. However, [[volume licensing|volume license]] customers, [[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] or [[MSDN]] subscribers and users of [[Windows 8 Enterprise]] must acquire standalone installation media for 8.1 and install through the traditional Windows setup process, either as an in-place upgrade or clean install. This requires an 8.1-specific product key.<ref name=cw-81updateproblem>{{cite web|title=Small biz admins squawk over Windows 8.1 updates|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9243345/Small_biz_admins_squawk_over_Windows_8.1_updates|work=ComputerWorld|accessdate= |
Retail and OEM copies of [[Windows 8 editions|Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro]], and [[Windows RT]] can be upgraded through [[Windows Store]] free of charge. However, [[volume licensing|volume license]] customers, [[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]] or [[MSDN]] subscribers and users of [[Windows 8 Enterprise]] must acquire standalone installation media for 8.1 and install through the traditional Windows setup process, either as an in-place upgrade or clean install. This requires an 8.1-specific product key.<ref name=cw-81updateproblem>{{cite web|title=Small biz admins squawk over Windows 8.1 updates|url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9243345/Small_biz_admins_squawk_over_Windows_8.1_updates|work=ComputerWorld|accessdate=October 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Why can't I find the update in the Store?|url=http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-8/why-can-t-find-update-store|work=Windows portal|publisher=[[Microsoft]]|accessdate=October 18, 2013}}</ref><ref name=supersite-81woes>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 Upgrade Woes|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-81-upgrade-woes|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|accessdate=October 19, 2013}}</ref><ref name=supersite-81enter>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 Tip: Upgrade from Windows 8 Enterprise|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-81-tip-upgrade-windows-8-enterprise|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|accessdate=October 21, 2013}}</ref> |
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Upgrading through Windows Store requires each machine to download an upgrade package as big as 2–3.6 [[Gigabyte|GB]]. Unlike the traditional Windows service packs, the standalone installer, which could be downloaded once and installed as many times as needed, requires an 8.1-specific product key.<ref name=supersite-81iso>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 Tip: Download a Windows 8.1 ISO with a Windows 8 Product Key|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-81-tip-download-windows-81-iso-windows-8-product-key|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|date= |
Upgrading through Windows Store requires each machine to download an upgrade package as big as 2–3.6 [[Gigabyte|GB]]. Unlike the traditional Windows service packs, the standalone installer, which could be downloaded once and installed as many times as needed, requires an 8.1-specific product key.<ref name=supersite-81iso>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 Tip: Download a Windows 8.1 ISO with a Windows 8 Product Key|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-81-tip-download-windows-81-iso-windows-8-product-key|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|date=October 20, 2013}}</ref> |
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New retail installation media of Windows 8.1 were released alongside the online upgrade. Unlike their Windows 8 counterparts, they can install Windows on computers that do not have an operating system at all. Microsoft stated that the change was in response to customer feedback, and to allow more flexibility for users. Pricing for the retail copies of 8.1 remained the same.<ref name=ms-8.1skus>{{cite web|title=Pricing and Packaging for Windows 8.1|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/09/17/pricing-and-packaging-for-windows-8-1.aspx|work=Blogging Windows|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate= |
New retail installation media of Windows 8.1 were released alongside the online upgrade. Unlike their Windows 8 counterparts, they can install Windows on computers that do not have an operating system at all. Microsoft stated that the change was in response to customer feedback, and to allow more flexibility for users. Pricing for the retail copies of 8.1 remained the same.<ref name=ms-8.1skus>{{cite web|title=Pricing and Packaging for Windows 8.1|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/bloggingwindows/archive/2013/09/17/pricing-and-packaging-for-windows-8-1.aspx|work=Blogging Windows|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=September 18, 2013}}</ref> |
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On |
On July 1, 2014, acknowledging difficulties users may have had through the Windows Store update method, Microsoft introduced a "pilot program" that would allow Windows 8 and RT 8 to be automatically updated to 8.1 through Windows Update.<ref name=zdnet-takeastep>{{cite web|title=Microsoft takes a step to get Windows 8 users current with new automatic update|url=http://www.zdnet.com/microsoft-takes-a-step-to-get-windows-8-users-current-with-new-automatic-update-7000031129/|website=ZDnet|accessdate=July 2, 2014}}</ref> |
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=== Windows 8.1 with Bing === |
=== Windows 8.1 with Bing === |
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On |
On May 23, 2014, Microsoft announced it would begin offering a slightly modified version of Windows 8.1 entitled Windows 8.1 with Bing to OEM computer manufacturers for use in certain economy computers.<ref name=wwb-pcworld /> This edition is similar to a single-language Windows 8.1 core edition with Update 1 installed available at markedly reduced price or royalty-free to OEM.<ref name=wwb-supersite>{{cite web|last1=Thurrott|first1=Paul|title=Windows 8.1 with Bing Revealed|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/windows-81-bing-revealed|website=SuperSite for Windows|publisher=[[Penton Media]]|accessdate=August 26, 2014|date=March 6, 2014}}</ref> In exchange, OEMs are specifically forbidden from changing the default search engine, which is [[Bing]]. End users are not restricted from installing other search engines or browsers.<ref name=wwb-pcworld>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2158665/microsoft-announces-windows-8-1-with-bing-for-low-cost-pcs-and-tablets.html|date=May 23, 2014|first=Brad|last=Chacos|work=[[PC World]]|publisher=[[IDG]]|title=Microsoft announces Windows 8.1 with Bing for low-cost devices}}</ref> The price of this edition is an undisclosed trade secret but is probably close to zero.<ref>{{cite web|title=Microsoft fights Android and Chrome OS with dirt-cheap Windows 8.1 PCs and tablets|url=http://www.zdnet.com/microsoft-fights-android-and-chrome-os-with-dirt-cheap-windows-8-1-pcs-and-tablets-7000033274/#ftag=RSSa123448|website=[[ZDNet]]|publisher=[[CBS Interactive]]|accessdate=September 4, 2014|date=September 3, 2014}}</ref> |
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== New and changed features == |
== New and changed features == |
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Many of the changes on Windows 8.1, particularly to the user interface, were made in response to criticisms from early adopters and other critics after the release of Windows 8.<ref name="FT_7-5-13">{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/330c8b8e-b66b-11e2-93ba-00144feabdc0.html|title=Microsoft prepares rethink on Windows 8 flagship software |first=Richard |last=Waters |work=[[Financial Times]] |date= |
Many of the changes on Windows 8.1, particularly to the user interface, were made in response to criticisms from early adopters and other critics after the release of Windows 8.<ref name="FT_7-5-13">{{cite web |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/330c8b8e-b66b-11e2-93ba-00144feabdc0.html|title=Microsoft prepares rethink on Windows 8 flagship software |first=Richard |last=Waters |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=May 7, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="verge-81handson"/> |
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=== User interface and desktop === |
=== User interface and desktop === |
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The Start screen received several enhancements on 8.1, including an extended "All Apps" view with sort modes (accessed by clicking a new down arrow button or swiping upward), small and extra-large sizes for tiles, and colored tiles for desktop program [[file shortcut|shortcut]]s. Additional customization options were also added, such as expanded color options, new backgrounds (some of which incorporate animated elements), and the ability for the Start screen to use the desktop background instead. Applications are no longer added to the Start screen automatically when installed, and all applications now have colored tiles (desktop programs were previously shown in a single color). The app snapping system has also been extended; up to 4 apps can be snapped onto a single display depending on screen size, apps can be snapped to fill half the screen, and can also be used on any display in a multi-monitor configuration. Apps can also launch other apps in a snapped view to display content; for example, the Mail app can open a photo attachment in a picture viewer snapped to another half of the screen. Improved support is also provided by apps for using devices in a portrait (vertical) orientation. The [[lock screen]] offers the ability to use a photo slideshow as its backdrop, and a shortcut to the Camera app by swiping up. The on-screen keyboard has an improved [[autocomplete]] mechanism which displays multiple word suggestions, and allows users to select from them by sliding on the spacebar. The autocomplete dictionary is also automatically updated using data from [[Bing]], allowing it to recognize and suggest words relating to current trends and events.<ref name="verge-81review">{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 review|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/17/4845142/windows-8-1-review|work=The Verge|accessdate= |
The Start screen received several enhancements on 8.1, including an extended "All Apps" view with sort modes (accessed by clicking a new down arrow button or swiping upward), small and extra-large sizes for tiles, and colored tiles for desktop program [[file shortcut|shortcut]]s. Additional customization options were also added, such as expanded color options, new backgrounds (some of which incorporate animated elements), and the ability for the Start screen to use the desktop background instead. Applications are no longer added to the Start screen automatically when installed, and all applications now have colored tiles (desktop programs were previously shown in a single color). The app snapping system has also been extended; up to 4 apps can be snapped onto a single display depending on screen size, apps can be snapped to fill half the screen, and can also be used on any display in a multi-monitor configuration. Apps can also launch other apps in a snapped view to display content; for example, the Mail app can open a photo attachment in a picture viewer snapped to another half of the screen. Improved support is also provided by apps for using devices in a portrait (vertical) orientation. The [[lock screen]] offers the ability to use a photo slideshow as its backdrop, and a shortcut to the Camera app by swiping up. The on-screen keyboard has an improved [[autocomplete]] mechanism which displays multiple word suggestions, and allows users to select from them by sliding on the spacebar. The autocomplete dictionary is also automatically updated using data from [[Bing]], allowing it to recognize and suggest words relating to current trends and events.<ref name="verge-81review">{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 review|url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/10/17/4845142/windows-8-1-review|work=The Verge|accessdate=October 22, 2013}}</ref><ref name="ars-81review" /> Similarly to Windows Phone, certain apps now display a narrow bar with three dots on it to indicate the presence of a pop-up menu accessible by swiping, clicking on the dots, or right-clicking.<ref name=pcworld-tweaksnew>{{cite web|title=Microsoft tweaks Windows 8.1 again to help new users|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2046448/microsoft-tweaks-windows-8-1-again-to-help-new-users.html|work=PC World|accessdate=February 9, 2014}}</ref> |
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To improve the usability of the desktop interface, a visible [[Start button]] was restored to the [[taskbar]] for opening the Start screen, and the Quick Links menu (accessed by right-clicking the Start button or pressing {{key press|Win|X}}) now contains shutdown and sign-out options. Users can also modify certain user interface behaviors, such as disabling the upper hot corners for using the charms and recent apps list, going to the desktop instead of the Start screen on [[login]] or after closing all apps on a screen, automatically opening the "All Apps" view on the Start screen when opened, and prioritizing desktop programs on the "Category" sort mode on "All Apps". To assist users in learning the Windows 8 user interface, an interactive tutorial is also offered, along with a new ''Help + Tips'' app for additional information.<ref name="verge-81handson">{{cite web|first=Evan |last=Rodgers |url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/26/4465888/windows-8-1-preview-video |title=Windows 8.1: a first look at what Microsoft is changing |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date= |
To improve the usability of the desktop interface, a visible [[Start button]] was restored to the [[taskbar]] for opening the Start screen, and the Quick Links menu (accessed by right-clicking the Start button or pressing {{key press|Win|X}}) now contains shutdown and sign-out options. Users can also modify certain user interface behaviors, such as disabling the upper hot corners for using the charms and recent apps list, going to the desktop instead of the Start screen on [[login]] or after closing all apps on a screen, automatically opening the "All Apps" view on the Start screen when opened, and prioritizing desktop programs on the "Category" sort mode on "All Apps". To assist users in learning the Windows 8 user interface, an interactive tutorial is also offered, along with a new ''Help + Tips'' app for additional information.<ref name="verge-81handson">{{cite web|first=Evan |last=Rodgers |url=http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/26/4465888/windows-8-1-preview-video |title=Windows 8.1: a first look at what Microsoft is changing |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |date=June 26, 2013 |accessdate=August 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=pcw-eradicate>{{cite web|title=How to eradicate Metro from your Windows 8.1 PC|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2055381/how-to-eradicate-metro-from-your-windows-8-1-pc.html|work=PC World|accessdate=October 22, 2013}}</ref> In contrast, Windows RT 8.1 downplays the desktop interface further by not displaying the Desktop tile on its default Start screen at all (however, it can still be manually added to the Start screen).<ref name=phonearena-rtdesktoptile>{{cite web|title=Windows RT 8.1 removes default Desktop tile on Start screen|url=http://www.phonearena.com/news/Windows-RT-8.1-removes-default-Desktop-tile-on-Start-screen_id48653|work=PhoneArena|accessdate=November 3, 2013}}</ref> |
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Windows manager Chaitanya Sareen stated that the restoration of the visible Start button was intended to be a "warm blanket" for users who had become confused by the removal of the button on 8; the Start button was originally removed to reflect Windows 8's treatment of the desktop as an "app" rather than the main interface.<ref name=cnet-warmblanket>{{cite web|title=Microsoft's Chaitanya Sareen gets candid on the evolution of Windows 8|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/chaitanya-sareen-microsofts-principal-program-manager-lead-on-windows-gets-candid-on-windows-8/|work=CNET|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate= |
Windows manager Chaitanya Sareen stated that the restoration of the visible Start button was intended to be a "warm blanket" for users who had become confused by the removal of the button on 8; the Start button was originally removed to reflect Windows 8's treatment of the desktop as an "app" rather than the main interface.<ref name=cnet-warmblanket>{{cite web|title=Microsoft's Chaitanya Sareen gets candid on the evolution of Windows 8|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/chaitanya-sareen-microsofts-principal-program-manager-lead-on-windows-gets-candid-on-windows-8/|work=CNET|publisher=CBS Interactive|accessdate=April 5, 2014}}</ref> |
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Further interface behavior changes are made on the April 2014 "Windows 8.1 Update", which are oriented towards non-touch environments (such as desktop and laptop PCs) that use a [[Keyboard (computing)|keyboard]] and [[Mouse (computing)|mouse]], and improve integration between Windows Store apps and the desktop. When a mouse is in use, the Desktop is shown on startup by default, the Start screen uses [[context menu]]s instead of a toolbar across the bottom of the screen for manipulating tiles, an autohiding [[title bar]] with minimize and close buttons is displayed within apps at the top of the screen, the taskbar can display and pin apps alongside desktop programs and be accessed from within apps, and visible search and power buttons are added to the Start screen. The update also changes the default [[image viewer]] and [[Media player (software)|media player]] programs for non-touch devices; [[Windows Media Player]] and [[Windows Photo Viewer]] are used by default in lieu of the [[Xbox Video]] and Photos apps.<ref name="verge-onedrivelaunch">{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/2/19/5422770/microsoft-onedrive-launch-bonus-storage-new-android-app|title=Microsoft OneDrive launches with Dropbox-like bonus storage and new Android app|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|first=Tom|last=Warren|date= |
Further interface behavior changes are made on the April 2014 "Windows 8.1 Update", which are oriented towards non-touch environments (such as desktop and laptop PCs) that use a [[Keyboard (computing)|keyboard]] and [[Mouse (computing)|mouse]], and improve integration between Windows Store apps and the desktop. When a mouse is in use, the Desktop is shown on startup by default, the Start screen uses [[context menu]]s instead of a toolbar across the bottom of the screen for manipulating tiles, an autohiding [[title bar]] with minimize and close buttons is displayed within apps at the top of the screen, the taskbar can display and pin apps alongside desktop programs and be accessed from within apps, and visible search and power buttons are added to the Start screen. The update also changes the default [[image viewer]] and [[Media player (software)|media player]] programs for non-touch devices; [[Windows Media Player]] and [[Windows Photo Viewer]] are used by default in lieu of the [[Xbox Video]] and Photos apps.<ref name="verge-onedrivelaunch">{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/2/19/5422770/microsoft-onedrive-launch-bonus-storage-new-android-app|title=Microsoft OneDrive launches with Dropbox-like bonus storage and new Android app|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|first=Tom|last=Warren|date=February 19, 2014|accessdate=February 19, 2014}}</ref><ref name="verge-update1leak">{{cite web|url=http://www.theverge.com/2014/1/22/5333838/windows-8-1-update-1-pin-metro-apps-taskbar-rumor|title=Windows 8.1 Update 1 shows signs of a Metro and desktop merge|work=[[The Verge]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]|first=Tom|last=Warren|date=January 22, 2014|accessdate=January 22, 2014}}</ref> |
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=== Apps === |
=== Apps === |
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The suite of pre-loaded apps bundled with Windows 8 were changed in 8.1; PC Settings was expanded to include options that were previously exclusive to the desktop [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]], [[Windows Store]] was updated with an improved interface for browsing apps and automatic updates, the Mail app includes an updated interface and additional features, the Camera app integrates [[Photosynth]] for creating panoramas, and additional editing tools were added to the Photos app (while integration with [[Flickr]] and [[Facebook]] was completely removed). A number of additional stock apps were also added, including [[Calculator (Windows)|Calculator]], Food and Drink, Health and Fitness, [[Sound Recorder (Windows)|Sound Recorder]], Reading List (which can be used to collect and sync content from apps through OneDrive), Scan, and Help + Tips.<ref name="verge-81handson"/><ref name=pt-81utility>{{cite web|title=Hands-On with Windows 8.1: New Utility Apps|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/hands-windows-81-new-utility-apps|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|accessdate= |
The suite of pre-loaded apps bundled with Windows 8 were changed in 8.1; PC Settings was expanded to include options that were previously exclusive to the desktop [[Control Panel (Windows)|Control Panel]], [[Windows Store]] was updated with an improved interface for browsing apps and automatic updates, the Mail app includes an updated interface and additional features, the Camera app integrates [[Photosynth]] for creating panoramas, and additional editing tools were added to the Photos app (while integration with [[Flickr]] and [[Facebook]] was completely removed). A number of additional stock apps were also added, including [[Calculator (Windows)|Calculator]], Food and Drink, Health and Fitness, [[Sound Recorder (Windows)|Sound Recorder]], Reading List (which can be used to collect and sync content from apps through OneDrive), Scan, and Help + Tips.<ref name="verge-81handson"/><ref name=pt-81utility>{{cite web|title=Hands-On with Windows 8.1: New Utility Apps|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/hands-windows-81-new-utility-apps|work=Paul Thurrott's Supersite for Windows|accessdate=September 24, 2013}}</ref> For Windows RT users, 8.1 also adds a version of [[Microsoft Outlook]] to the included [[Microsoft Office 2013|Office 2013 RT]] suite. However, it does not support data loss protection, [[Group Policy]], [[Microsoft Lync|Lync]] integration, or creating emails with information rights management.<ref name=cnet-outlookrt>{{cite web|title=Outlook finally coming to Windows RT tablets|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57587700-75/outlook-finally-coming-to-windows-rt-tablets/|work=CNET|accessdate=June 5, 2013}}</ref> Windows Store is enabled by default within [[Windows To Go]] environments.<ref name=ms-81enterprise>{{cite web|title=What's New in Windows 8.1|url=http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/dn140266.aspx|work=Windows Client|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=December 15, 2013}}</ref> |
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=== Online services and functionality === |
=== Online services and functionality === |
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Windows 8.1 adds tighter integration with several Microsoft-owned services. [[OneDrive]] (formerly SkyDrive)<ref name="SP rename 1">{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Microsoft-Finally-Renames-Windows-8-1-SkyDrive-Client-to-OneDrive-432710.shtml |title=Microsoft Finally Renames Windows 8.1 SkyDrive Client to OneDrive |work=[[Softpedia]] |publisher=SoftNews| first=Bogdan |last=Popa |date= |
Windows 8.1 adds tighter integration with several Microsoft-owned services. [[OneDrive]] (formerly SkyDrive)<ref name="SP rename 1">{{cite web |url=http://news.softpedia.com/news/Microsoft-Finally-Renames-Windows-8-1-SkyDrive-Client-to-OneDrive-432710.shtml |title=Microsoft Finally Renames Windows 8.1 SkyDrive Client to OneDrive |work=[[Softpedia]] |publisher=SoftNews| first=Bogdan |last=Popa |date=March 18, 2014 |accessdate=March 18, 2014}}</ref> is integrated at the system level to sync user settings and files. Files are automatically downloaded in the background when they are accessed from the user's OneDrive folder, unless they are marked to be available offline. By default, only file metadata and thumbnails are stored locally, and [[NTFS reparse point|reparse point]]s are used to give the appearance of a normal directory structure to provide backwards compatibility. The OneDrive app was updated to include a local [[file manager]]. OneDrive use on 8.1 requires that a user's Windows account be linked to a [[Microsoft account]]; the previous SkyDrive desktop client (which did not have this requirement) is not supported on 8.1.<ref name=pcw-nofetch>{{cite web |title=Warning: Windows 8.1 kills SkyDrive's remote 'Fetch' feature|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2055597/warning-windows-8-1-kills-skydrives-remote-fetch-feature.html |work=PC World|accessdate=October 22, 2013}}</ref><ref name=pcw-81review>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 review: The great compromise |url= http://www.pcworld.com/article/2048508/windows-8-1-review-the-great-compromise.html |work=PC World |accessdate=September 24, 2013}}</ref><ref name=ars-81skydrive>{{cite web|title=SkyDrive in Windows 8.1: Cloud storage the way it’s meant to be|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/07/skydrive-in-windows-8-1-cloud-storage-the-way-its-meant-to-be/|work=Ars Technica|accessdate=October 22, 2013}}</ref> |
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A [[Bing]]-based unified search system was added; it can analyze a user's search habits to return results featuring relevant local and online content. Full-screen "hero" displays aggregate news articles, [[Wikipedia]] entries, multimedia, and other content related to a search query; for instance, searching for a music performer would return photos of the performer, a biography, and their available songs and albums on [[Xbox Music]].<ref name="verge-81handson"/><ref name=verge-81review/> The messaging app from Windows 8 has been replaced by [[Skype]], which also allows users to accept calls directly from the lock screen.<ref name=verge-81review/> Windows 8.1 also includes Internet Explorer 11, which adds support for [[SPDY]] and [[WebGL]], and expanded developer tools. The Metro-style version of IE 11 also adds tab syncing, the ability to open an unlimited number of tabs, and Reading List integration.<ref name=cnet-ie11dev>{{cite web|title=Latest Windows 8.1 build beefs up IE developer tools|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57582508-75/latest-windows-8.1-build-beefs-up-ie-developer-tools/ |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |accessdate= |
A [[Bing]]-based unified search system was added; it can analyze a user's search habits to return results featuring relevant local and online content. Full-screen "hero" displays aggregate news articles, [[Wikipedia]] entries, multimedia, and other content related to a search query; for instance, searching for a music performer would return photos of the performer, a biography, and their available songs and albums on [[Xbox Music]].<ref name="verge-81handson"/><ref name=verge-81review/> The messaging app from Windows 8 has been replaced by [[Skype]], which also allows users to accept calls directly from the lock screen.<ref name=verge-81review/> Windows 8.1 also includes Internet Explorer 11, which adds support for [[SPDY]] and [[WebGL]], and expanded developer tools. The Metro-style version of IE 11 also adds tab syncing, the ability to open an unlimited number of tabs, and Reading List integration.<ref name=cnet-ie11dev>{{cite web|title=Latest Windows 8.1 build beefs up IE developer tools|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57582508-75/latest-windows-8.1-build-beefs-up-ie-developer-tools/ |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |accessdate=May 29, 2013}}</ref><ref name=verge-ie11webgl>{{cite web|title=Microsoft teases Internet Explorer 11 WebGL support on Vine |url= http://www.theverge.com/2013/5/22/4355942/internet-explorer-11-webgl-support-teased-on-vine |work=The Verge |accessdate=May 29, 2013}}</ref> |
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=== Security and hardware compatibility === |
=== Security and hardware compatibility === |
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On compatible hardware, Windows 8.1 also features a transparent "device encryption" system based on [[BitLocker]]. Encryption begins as soon as a user begins using the system; the recovery key is stored to either the user's Microsoft account or an [[Active Directory]] login, allowing it to be retrieved from any computer. While device encryption is offered on all versions of 8.1 unlike BitLocker (which is exclusive to the Pro and Enterprise editions), device encryption requires that the device meet the [[Connected Standby]] specification and have a [[Trusted Platform Module]] (TPM) 2.0 chip.<ref name=ars-deviceencryption>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 includes seamless, automatic disk encryption—if your PC supports it|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/10/windows-8-1-includes-seamless-automatic-disk-encryption-if-your-pc-supports-it/|work=Ars Technica|accessdate= |
On compatible hardware, Windows 8.1 also features a transparent "device encryption" system based on [[BitLocker]]. Encryption begins as soon as a user begins using the system; the recovery key is stored to either the user's Microsoft account or an [[Active Directory]] login, allowing it to be retrieved from any computer. While device encryption is offered on all versions of 8.1 unlike BitLocker (which is exclusive to the Pro and Enterprise editions), device encryption requires that the device meet the [[Connected Standby]] specification and have a [[Trusted Platform Module]] (TPM) 2.0 chip.<ref name=ars-deviceencryption>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 includes seamless, automatic disk encryption—if your PC supports it|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/10/windows-8-1-includes-seamless-automatic-disk-encryption-if-your-pc-supports-it/|work=Ars Technica|accessdate=October 18, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Thurrott|first=Paul|title=In Blue: Device Encryption|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-8/blue-device-encryption|work=Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows|publisher=Penton Media|accessdate=June 10, 2013|date=June 4, 2013}}</ref> 8.1 also introduces improved [[fingerprint recognition]] APIs, which allows user login, [[User Account Control]], Windows Store and Windows Store apps to use enrolled fingerprints as an authentication method. A new [[kiosk mode]] known as "Assigned Access" was also added, allowing a device to be configured to use a single app in a restricted environment. Additionally, [[Windows Defender]] includes an [[intrusion detection system]] which can scan network activity for signs of malware. 8.1 also allows third-party [[virtual private network|VPN]] clients to automatically trigger connections.<ref name=pcw-81security>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 steps up security with biometrics, encryption, and more|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2044422/windows-8-1-steps-up-security-with-biometrics-encryption-and-more.html|work=PC World|accessdate=December 15, 2013}}</ref> |
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For enterprise device management, Windows 8.1 adds support for the Workplace Join feature of [[Windows Server 2012 R2]], which allows users to enroll [[Bring your own device|their own device]] into corporate networks with finer control over access to resources and security requirements. 8.1 also supports the [[OMA Device Management]] specifications. Remote Data Control can be used to remotely wipe specific "corporate" data from Windows 8.1 devices.<ref name=ms-81enterprise/> |
For enterprise device management, Windows 8.1 adds support for the Workplace Join feature of [[Windows Server 2012 R2]], which allows users to enroll [[Bring your own device|their own device]] into corporate networks with finer control over access to resources and security requirements. 8.1 also supports the [[OMA Device Management]] specifications. Remote Data Control can be used to remotely wipe specific "corporate" data from Windows 8.1 devices.<ref name=ms-81enterprise/> |
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Due to changes to improve its "security effectiveness", the 64-bit version of Windows 8.1 no longer supports processors which do not implement the [[Compare-and-swap#Extensions|double-width compare and exchange (CMPXCHG16B)]] [[Instruction set|CPU instruction]] (which the installer reports as a lack of support for "CompareExchange128"). A Microsoft spokesperson noted that the change primarily affects systems with older [[AMD]] 64-bit processors, and that "the number of affected processors are extremely small, since this instruction has been supported for greater than 10 years." Even if the system does have an otherwise compatible processor, the motherboard must also support the instruction—which can also cause the problem to occur on Intel processors in select cases. These changes do not affect the 32-bit version of Windows 8.1.<ref name=pcw-81cpu>{{cite web|title=New Windows 8.1 requirements strand some users on Windows 8|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2058683/new-windows-8-1-requirements-strand-some-users-on-windows-8.html|work=PC World|accessdate= |
Due to changes to improve its "security effectiveness", the 64-bit version of Windows 8.1 no longer supports processors which do not implement the [[Compare-and-swap#Extensions|double-width compare and exchange (CMPXCHG16B)]] [[Instruction set|CPU instruction]] (which the installer reports as a lack of support for "CompareExchange128"). A Microsoft spokesperson noted that the change primarily affects systems with older [[AMD]] 64-bit processors, and that "the number of affected processors are extremely small, since this instruction has been supported for greater than 10 years." Even if the system does have an otherwise compatible processor, the motherboard must also support the instruction—which can also cause the problem to occur on Intel processors in select cases. These changes do not affect the 32-bit version of Windows 8.1.<ref name=pcw-81cpu>{{cite web|title=New Windows 8.1 requirements strand some users on Windows 8|url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2058683/new-windows-8-1-requirements-strand-some-users-on-windows-8.html|work=PC World|accessdate=November 5, 2013}}</ref><ref name=neowin-amd81>{{cite web|title=Microsoft confirms some older AMD processors do not support Windows 8.1|url=http://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-confirms-some-older-amd-processors-do-not-support-windows-81|work=Neowin|publisher=Neowin, LLC|accessdate=October 26, 2013}}</ref> |
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=== Hardware functionality === |
=== Hardware functionality === |
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Windows 8.1 adds support for [[3D printing]],<ref name=engadget-81-3dprinting>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 to support 3D printing through native API|url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/06/26/windows-8-1-to-natively-support-3d-printing/|work=Engadget|accessdate= |
Windows 8.1 adds support for [[3D printing]],<ref name=engadget-81-3dprinting>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 to support 3D printing through native API|url=http://www.engadget.com/2013/06/26/windows-8-1-to-natively-support-3d-printing/|work=Engadget|accessdate=August 6, 2013}}</ref><ref name=windowsex-3dprinting81>{{cite web|title=3D Printing Support in Windows 8.1 Explained|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/extremewindows/archive/2013/08/22/3d-printing-support-in-windows-8-1-explained.aspx|work=Extreme Windows|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=August 22, 2013}}</ref> pairing with printers using [[Near field communication|NFC]] tags, [[Wi-Fi Direct]], [[Miracast]] media streaming,<ref name="windows1">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/business/archive/2013/06/03/modern-business-in-mind-windows-8-1-at-teched-2013.aspx |title=Modern Business in Mind: Windows 8.1 at TechEd 2013 |publisher=Blogs.windows.com |date=June 3, 2013 |accessdate=June 3, 2013}}</ref> [[tethering]],<ref name=ms-81enterprise/> and [[NVMe]].<ref name="snia-windows">{{Cite web |
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| url = http://snia.org/sites/default/files2/SDC2013/presentations/FileSystems/AndyHeron_Enhancements_To_Win81_Storage.pdf | title = Advancements in Storage and File Systems in Windows 8.1 | year = 2013 | accessdate = |
| url = http://snia.org/sites/default/files2/SDC2013/presentations/FileSystems/AndyHeron_Enhancements_To_Win81_Storage.pdf | title = Advancements in Storage and File Systems in Windows 8.1 | year = 2013 | accessdate = January 11, 2014 | first = Andy |last = Herron | work = snia.org | format = PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myce.com/news/windows-8-1-to-support-hybrid-disks-and-native-nvme-driver-68663/ |title=Windows 8.1 to support hybrid disks and adds native NVMe driver |work=Myce.com |date=September 6, 2013 |accessdate=January 11, 2014}}</ref> In response to the increasing [[pixel density]] in displays, Windows 8.1 can scale text and GUI elements up to 200% (whereas Windows 8 supported only 150%) and set scaling settings independently on each display in multi-monitor configurations.<ref name=extremewindows-dpi>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1 DPI Scaling Enhancements|url=http://blogs.windows.com/windows/b/extremewindows/archive/2013/07/15/windows-8-1-dpi-scaling-enhancements.aspx|work=Extreme Windows|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=November 26, 2013}}</ref> |
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== Reception == |
== Reception == |
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| Line 104: | Line 104: | ||
Windows 8.1 received better reviews than Windows 8. Tom Warren of ''[[The Verge]]'' still considered the platform to be a "work in progress" due to the number of apps available, the impaired level of capabilities that apps have in comparison to desktop programs, and because he felt that mouse and keyboard navigation was still "awkward". However, he touted many of the major changes on 8.1, such as the expanded snapping functionality, increased Start screen customization, SkyDrive and Bing integration, improvements to stock apps, and particularly he considered the Mail app to be "lightyears ahead" of the original version from 8. He concluded that "Microsoft has achieved a lot within 12 months, even if a lot of the additions feel like they should have been there from the very start with Windows 8."<ref name=verge-81review/> |
Windows 8.1 received better reviews than Windows 8. Tom Warren of ''[[The Verge]]'' still considered the platform to be a "work in progress" due to the number of apps available, the impaired level of capabilities that apps have in comparison to desktop programs, and because he felt that mouse and keyboard navigation was still "awkward". However, he touted many of the major changes on 8.1, such as the expanded snapping functionality, increased Start screen customization, SkyDrive and Bing integration, improvements to stock apps, and particularly he considered the Mail app to be "lightyears ahead" of the original version from 8. He concluded that "Microsoft has achieved a lot within 12 months, even if a lot of the additions feel like they should have been there from the very start with Windows 8."<ref name=verge-81review/> |
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Joel Hruska of ''[[ExtremeTech]]'' criticized continuing integration problems between the Desktop and apps on 8.1, pointing out examples such as the Photos app, which "still refuses to acknowledge that users might have previous photo directories", and that the Mail app "still can’t talk to the desktop—if you try to send an email from the Desktop without another mail client installed, Windows will tell you there’s no mail client capable of performing that action." However, he praised the improvements to other apps, such as People and News (pointing out UI improvements, and the News app using proper links when sharing stories, rather than non-standard links that can only be recognized by the app). Although praising the more flexible snapping system, he still pointed out flaws, such as an inability to maintain snap configurations in certain situations. 8.1's search functionality was met with mixed reviews; while noting the Bing integration and updated design, the system was panned for arbitrarily leaving out secondary storage devices from the "Everything" mode.<ref name="extremetech-81review">{{cite web |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/168910-windows-8-1-and-the-desktop-a-modest-improvement-we-still-cant-recommend/ |title=Windows 8.1 and the Desktop: A modest improvement we still can’t recommend |publisher=ExtremeTech |date= |
Joel Hruska of ''[[ExtremeTech]]'' criticized continuing integration problems between the Desktop and apps on 8.1, pointing out examples such as the Photos app, which "still refuses to acknowledge that users might have previous photo directories", and that the Mail app "still can’t talk to the desktop—if you try to send an email from the Desktop without another mail client installed, Windows will tell you there’s no mail client capable of performing that action." However, he praised the improvements to other apps, such as People and News (pointing out UI improvements, and the News app using proper links when sharing stories, rather than non-standard links that can only be recognized by the app). Although praising the more flexible snapping system, he still pointed out flaws, such as an inability to maintain snap configurations in certain situations. 8.1's search functionality was met with mixed reviews; while noting the Bing integration and updated design, the system was panned for arbitrarily leaving out secondary storage devices from the "Everything" mode.<ref name="extremetech-81review">{{cite web |url=http://www.extremetech.com/computing/168910-windows-8-1-and-the-desktop-a-modest-improvement-we-still-cant-recommend/ |title=Windows 8.1 and the Desktop: A modest improvement we still can’t recommend |publisher=ExtremeTech |date=October 18, 2013 |accessdate=January 5, 2014}}</ref> |
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Peter Bright of ''[[Ars Technica]]'' praised many of the improvements on 8.1, such as its more "complete" touch interface, the "reasonable" tutorial content, the new [[autocomplete]] tools on the on-screen keyboard, software improvements, and the deep SkyDrive integration. However, he felt that the transition between the desktop and apps "still tends to feel a bit disjointed and disconnected" (even though the option to use the desktop wallpaper on the Start screen made it feel more integrated with the desktop interface rather than dissimilar), and that the restoration of the Start button made the two interfaces feel even more inconsistent because of how different it operates between the desktop and apps.<ref name=ars-81review>{{cite web |title=Windows 8.1: What a difference a year makes|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/10/windows-8-1-what-a-difference-a-year-makes/ |work=Ars Technica|accessdate= |
Peter Bright of ''[[Ars Technica]]'' praised many of the improvements on 8.1, such as its more "complete" touch interface, the "reasonable" tutorial content, the new [[autocomplete]] tools on the on-screen keyboard, software improvements, and the deep SkyDrive integration. However, he felt that the transition between the desktop and apps "still tends to feel a bit disjointed and disconnected" (even though the option to use the desktop wallpaper on the Start screen made it feel more integrated with the desktop interface rather than dissimilar), and that the restoration of the Start button made the two interfaces feel even more inconsistent because of how different it operates between the desktop and apps.<ref name=ars-81review>{{cite web |title=Windows 8.1: What a difference a year makes|url=http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/10/windows-8-1-what-a-difference-a-year-makes/ |work=Ars Technica|accessdate=October 22, 2013}}</ref> |
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Certain aspects of 8.1 were also cause for concern because of their privacy implications. In his review of 8.1, Joel Hruska noted that Microsoft had deliberately made it harder for users to create a "Local" account that is not tied to a [[Microsoft account]] for syncing, as it "[makes] clear that the company really, really, wants you to share everything you do with it, and that’s not something an increasing number of people and businesses are comfortable doing."<ref name="extremetech-81review"/> Woody Leonhard of ''[[InfoWorld]]'' noted that by default Windows 8.1's "Smart Search" system sends search queries and other information to Microsoft, which could be used for [[targeted advertising]]. Leonhard considered this to be ironic, given that Microsoft had criticized [[Google]]'s use of similar tactics with its "[[Scroogled]]" advertising campaign.<ref name=infoworld-herosnoop>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1's 'Hero' ads – brought to you by stealthy snooping |url= http://www.infoworld.com/t/microsoft-windows/windows-81s-hero-ads-brought-you-stealthy-snooping-229907 |work=InfoWorld |accessdate= |
Certain aspects of 8.1 were also cause for concern because of their privacy implications. In his review of 8.1, Joel Hruska noted that Microsoft had deliberately made it harder for users to create a "Local" account that is not tied to a [[Microsoft account]] for syncing, as it "[makes] clear that the company really, really, wants you to share everything you do with it, and that’s not something an increasing number of people and businesses are comfortable doing."<ref name="extremetech-81review"/> Woody Leonhard of ''[[InfoWorld]]'' noted that by default Windows 8.1's "Smart Search" system sends search queries and other information to Microsoft, which could be used for [[targeted advertising]]. Leonhard considered this to be ironic, given that Microsoft had criticized [[Google]]'s use of similar tactics with its "[[Scroogled]]" advertising campaign.<ref name=infoworld-herosnoop>{{cite web|title=Windows 8.1's 'Hero' ads – brought to you by stealthy snooping |url= http://www.infoworld.com/t/microsoft-windows/windows-81s-hero-ads-brought-you-stealthy-snooping-229907 |work=InfoWorld |accessdate=January 24, 2014}}</ref> |
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=== Market share === |
=== Market share === |
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On the information gathered by Net Applications, adoption rate in June 2014 for Windows 8.1 was at 6.61%, while the original Windows 8 was at 5.93%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Operating system market share|url=http://www.netmarketshare.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=11&qpcustomb=0|accessdate= |
On the information gathered by Net Applications, adoption rate in June 2014 for Windows 8.1 was at 6.61%, while the original Windows 8 was at 5.93%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Operating system market share|url=http://www.netmarketshare.com/operating-system-market-share.aspx?qprid=11&qpcustomb=0|accessdate=July 4, 2014}}</ref> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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| Line 117: | Line 117: | ||
== Further reading == |
== Further reading == |
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*{{cite book|title=Windows 8.1 Inside Out|last=Northrup |first=Tony |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|location=Redmond, WA|date= |
*{{cite book|title=Windows 8.1 Inside Out|last=Northrup |first=Tony |publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|location=Redmond, WA|date=November 15, 2013|isbn=978-0-7356-8363-1}} |
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*{{cite web|title=Compare Windows 8.1 Editions |url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/enterprise/products-and-technologies/windows-8-1/compare/default.aspx |website=Microsoft.com |publisher=[[Microsoft]]}} |
*{{cite web|title=Compare Windows 8.1 Editions |url=http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/enterprise/products-and-technologies/windows-8-1/compare/default.aspx |website=Microsoft.com |publisher=[[Microsoft]]}} |
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{{Use American English|date=November 2012}} |
{{Use American English|date=November 2012}} |
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{{Use |
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2014}} |
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[[Category:2013 software]] |
[[Category:2013 software]] |
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Revision as of 16:22, 25 January 2015
| Version of the Microsoft Windows operating system | |
 | |
| File:Windows 8.1 Start screen.jpg Start screen on Windows 8.1 with Update | |
| Developer | Microsoft |
|---|---|
| Released to manufacturing | August 27, 2013 |
| General availability | October 17, 2013[1] |
| Latest release | 8.1 with Update (v6.3.9600) / April 8, 2014[2] |
| Platforms | IA-32, x64, ARMv7 |
| Kernel type | Hybrid |
| Preceded by | Windows 8 (2012) |
| Succeeded by | Windows 10 (2015) |
| Official website | windows |
| Support status | |
Windows 8.1 is an upgrade for Windows 8, a version of Windows NT, a computer operating system released by Microsoft. First unveiled and released as a public beta in June 2013, it was released to manufacturing on August 27, 2013, and reached general availability on October 17, 2013, almost a year after the retail release of its predecessor. Windows 8.1 is available free of charge for retail copies of Windows 8 and Windows RT users via Windows Store. Unlike service packs on previous versions of Windows, users who obtained 8 outside of retail copies or pre-loaded installations (i.e., volume licensing) must obtain 8.1 through new installation media from their respective subscription or enterprise channel. Microsoft's support lifecycle policy treats Windows 8.1 similar to previous service packs of Windows: It is part of Windows 8's support lifecycle, and installing 8.1 is required to maintain access to support and Windows updates after January 12, 2016. However, unlike previous service packs, Windows 8.1 cannot be acquired via Windows Update and only accepts 8.1-specific product keys.
Released as part of a shift by Microsoft towards regular yearly major updates for its platforms and services, Windows 8.1 was primarily intended to address complaints of Windows 8 users and reviewers on launch. Visible enhancements include an improved Start screen, additional snap views, additional bundled apps, tighter OneDrive (formerly SkyDrive) integration, Internet Explorer 11, a Bing-powered unified search system, restoration of a visible Start button on the taskbar, and the ability to restore the previous behavior of opening the user's desktop on login instead of the Start screen. Windows 8.1 also added support for such emerging technologies as high resolution displays, 3D printing, Wi-Fi Direct, and Miracast streaming.
Windows 8.1 received relatively positive reception, with critics praising the expanded functionality available to apps in comparison to 8, its OneDrive integration, along with its user interface tweaks and the addition of expanded tutorials for operating the Windows 8 interface. Despite these improvements, 8.1 was still criticised for not addressing all of the digressions of 8 (such as a poor level of integration between Metro-style apps and the desktop interface), and the potential privacy implications of 8.1's expanded use of online services.
History
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In February 2013, ZDNet writer Mary Jo Foley disclosed potential rumors about "Blue", the codename for a wave of planned updates across several Microsoft products and services, including Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, Outlook.com, and SkyDrive. In particular, the report detailed that Microsoft was planning to shift to a more "continuous" development model, which would see major revisions to its main software platforms released on a consistent yearly cycle to keep up with market demands. Lending credibility to the reports, Foley noted that a Microsoft staff member had listed experience with "Windows Blue" on his LinkedIn profile, and listed it as a separate operating system from 8.[4][5]
A post-RTM build of Windows 8, build 9364, leaked in March 2013. The build, which was believed to be of "Windows Blue", revealed a number of enhancements across Windows 8's interface, including additional size options for tiles, expanded color options on the Start screen, the expansion of PC Settings to include more options that were previously exclusive to the desktop Control Panel, the ability for apps to snap to half of the screen, the ability to take screenshots from the Share charm, additional stock apps, increased SkyDrive integration (such as automatic device backups) and Internet Explorer 11.[6][7] Shortly afterward on March 26, 2013, corporate vice president of corporate communications Frank X. Shaw officially acknowledged the "Blue" project, stating that continuous development would be "the new normal" at Microsoft, and that "our product groups are also taking a unified planning approach so people get what they want—all of their devices, apps and services working together wherever they are and for whatever they are doing."[8]
In early May, press reports announcing the upcoming version in Financial Times and The Economist negatively compared Windows 8 to New Coke.[9][10] The theme was then echoed and debated in the computer press.[11][12][13] Shaw rejected this criticism as "extreme",[14] adding that he saw a comparison with Diet Coke as more appropriate.[15]
On May 14, Microsoft officially announced that "Blue" would be named Windows 8.1. Following a keynote presentation focusing on this version, the public beta of Windows 8.1 was released on June 26, 2013 during Build.[16][17][18] Build 9600 of Windows 8.1 was released to OEM hardware partners on August 27, 2013, and became generally available on October 17, 2013.[19][20] Unlike past releases of Windows and its service packs, volume license customers and subscribers to MSDN Plus and TechNet Plus were unable to obtain the RTM version upon its release; a spokesperson stated that the change in policy was to allow Microsoft to work with OEMs "to ensure a quality experience at general availability."[21][22] However, after criticism, Microsoft reversed its decision and released the RTM build on MSDN and TechNet on September 9, 2013.[23] Prior to the release of 8.1, Microsoft premiered a new television commercial in late-September 2013 that focused on its changes as part of the "Windows Everywhere" campaign.[24]
Shortly after its release, Windows RT 8.1 was temporarily recalled by Microsoft following reports that some users had encountered a rare bug which corrupted the operating system's Boot Configuration Data during installation, resulting in an error on startup.[25][26] On October 21, 2013, Microsoft confirmed that the bug was limited to the Microsoft Surface RT tablet, and only affected 1 in 1000 installations. The company released recovery media and instructions which could be used to repair the device, and restored access to Windows RT 8.1 the next day.[27][28]
It was also found that changes to screen resolution handling on 8.1 resulted in mouse input lag in certain video games that do not use the DirectInput API's—particularly first-person shooter games, including Deus Ex: Human Revolution, Hitman: Absolution, and Metro 2033. Users also found the issues to be more pronounced when using gaming mice with high resolution and/or polling rates. Microsoft released a patch to fix the bug on certain games in November 2013, and acknowledged that it was caused by "changes to mouse-input processing for low-latency interaction scenarios".[29][30]
Update
On April 8, 2014, Microsoft released "Windows 8.1 Update", which included all past updates plus new features.[31] It was unveiled by Microsoft vice president Joe Belfiore at Mobile World Congress on February 23, 2014, and detailed in full at Microsoft's Build conference on April 2. Belfiore noted that the update would lower the minimum system requirements for Windows, so it can be installed on devices with as little as 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB of storage.[32] Unlike 8.1 itself, this cumulative update is distributed through Windows Update, and must be installed in order to receive any further patches for Windows 8.1.[33]
At the 2014 Build conference, during April, Microsoft's Terry Myerson unveiled further user interface changes for Windows 8.1, including the ability to run Metro-style apps inside desktop windows, and a revised Start menu, which creates a compromise between the Start menu design used by Windows 7 and the Start screen, by combining the application listing in the first column with a second that can be used to display app tiles. Myerson stated that these changes would occur in a future update, but did not elaborate further. Microsoft also unveiled a concept known as "Universal Windows apps", in which a Windows Runtime app can be ported to Windows Phone 8.1 and Xbox One while sharing a common codebase. While it does not entirely unify Windows' app ecosystem with that of Windows Phone, it will allow developers to synchronize data between versions of their app on each platform, and bundle access to Windows, Windows Phone, and Xbox One versions of an app in a single purchase.[34][35][36][37]
Microsoft originally announced that users who did not install the update would not receive any other updates after May 13, 2014.[38] However, meeting this deadline proved challenging: The ability to deploy Windows 8.1 Update through Windows Software Update Services (WSUS) was disabled shortly after its release following the discovery of a bug which affects the ability to use WSUS as a whole in certain server configurations.[39] Microsoft later fixed the issue[40] but users continued to report that the update may fail to install.[38] Microsoft's attempt to fix the problem was ineffective, to the point that Microsoft pushed the support deadline further to June 30, 2014.[38][41] On 16 May, Microsoft released additional updates to fix a problem of BSOD in the update.[42]
Distribution
Microsoft markets Windows 8.1 as an "update" for Windows 8, avoiding the term "upgrade."[43] Microsoft's support lifecycle policy treats Windows 8.1 similar to previous service packs of Windows: It is part of Windows 8's support lifecycle, and upgrading to 8.1 is required to maintain access to support and Windows updates after January 12, 2016.[3][44]
Retail and OEM copies of Windows 8, Windows 8 Pro, and Windows RT can be upgraded through Windows Store free of charge. However, volume license customers, TechNet or MSDN subscribers and users of Windows 8 Enterprise must acquire standalone installation media for 8.1 and install through the traditional Windows setup process, either as an in-place upgrade or clean install. This requires an 8.1-specific product key.[45][46][47][48]
Upgrading through Windows Store requires each machine to download an upgrade package as big as 2–3.6 GB. Unlike the traditional Windows service packs, the standalone installer, which could be downloaded once and installed as many times as needed, requires an 8.1-specific product key.[49]
New retail installation media of Windows 8.1 were released alongside the online upgrade. Unlike their Windows 8 counterparts, they can install Windows on computers that do not have an operating system at all. Microsoft stated that the change was in response to customer feedback, and to allow more flexibility for users. Pricing for the retail copies of 8.1 remained the same.[50]
On July 1, 2014, acknowledging difficulties users may have had through the Windows Store update method, Microsoft introduced a "pilot program" that would allow Windows 8 and RT 8 to be automatically updated to 8.1 through Windows Update.[51]
Windows 8.1 with Bing
On May 23, 2014, Microsoft announced it would begin offering a slightly modified version of Windows 8.1 entitled Windows 8.1 with Bing to OEM computer manufacturers for use in certain economy computers.[52] This edition is similar to a single-language Windows 8.1 core edition with Update 1 installed available at markedly reduced price or royalty-free to OEM.[53] In exchange, OEMs are specifically forbidden from changing the default search engine, which is Bing. End users are not restricted from installing other search engines or browsers.[52] The price of this edition is an undisclosed trade secret but is probably close to zero.[54]
New and changed features
Many of the changes on Windows 8.1, particularly to the user interface, were made in response to criticisms from early adopters and other critics after the release of Windows 8.[55][56]
User interface and desktop
The Start screen received several enhancements on 8.1, including an extended "All Apps" view with sort modes (accessed by clicking a new down arrow button or swiping upward), small and extra-large sizes for tiles, and colored tiles for desktop program shortcuts. Additional customization options were also added, such as expanded color options, new backgrounds (some of which incorporate animated elements), and the ability for the Start screen to use the desktop background instead. Applications are no longer added to the Start screen automatically when installed, and all applications now have colored tiles (desktop programs were previously shown in a single color). The app snapping system has also been extended; up to 4 apps can be snapped onto a single display depending on screen size, apps can be snapped to fill half the screen, and can also be used on any display in a multi-monitor configuration. Apps can also launch other apps in a snapped view to display content; for example, the Mail app can open a photo attachment in a picture viewer snapped to another half of the screen. Improved support is also provided by apps for using devices in a portrait (vertical) orientation. The lock screen offers the ability to use a photo slideshow as its backdrop, and a shortcut to the Camera app by swiping up. The on-screen keyboard has an improved autocomplete mechanism which displays multiple word suggestions, and allows users to select from them by sliding on the spacebar. The autocomplete dictionary is also automatically updated using data from Bing, allowing it to recognize and suggest words relating to current trends and events.[57][58] Similarly to Windows Phone, certain apps now display a narrow bar with three dots on it to indicate the presence of a pop-up menu accessible by swiping, clicking on the dots, or right-clicking.[59]
To improve the usability of the desktop interface, a visible Start button was restored to the taskbar for opening the Start screen, and the Quick Links menu (accessed by right-clicking the Start button or pressing ⊞ Win+X) now contains shutdown and sign-out options. Users can also modify certain user interface behaviors, such as disabling the upper hot corners for using the charms and recent apps list, going to the desktop instead of the Start screen on login or after closing all apps on a screen, automatically opening the "All Apps" view on the Start screen when opened, and prioritizing desktop programs on the "Category" sort mode on "All Apps". To assist users in learning the Windows 8 user interface, an interactive tutorial is also offered, along with a new Help + Tips app for additional information.[56][60] In contrast, Windows RT 8.1 downplays the desktop interface further by not displaying the Desktop tile on its default Start screen at all (however, it can still be manually added to the Start screen).[61]
Windows manager Chaitanya Sareen stated that the restoration of the visible Start button was intended to be a "warm blanket" for users who had become confused by the removal of the button on 8; the Start button was originally removed to reflect Windows 8's treatment of the desktop as an "app" rather than the main interface.[62]
Further interface behavior changes are made on the April 2014 "Windows 8.1 Update", which are oriented towards non-touch environments (such as desktop and laptop PCs) that use a keyboard and mouse, and improve integration between Windows Store apps and the desktop. When a mouse is in use, the Desktop is shown on startup by default, the Start screen uses context menus instead of a toolbar across the bottom of the screen for manipulating tiles, an autohiding title bar with minimize and close buttons is displayed within apps at the top of the screen, the taskbar can display and pin apps alongside desktop programs and be accessed from within apps, and visible search and power buttons are added to the Start screen. The update also changes the default image viewer and media player programs for non-touch devices; Windows Media Player and Windows Photo Viewer are used by default in lieu of the Xbox Video and Photos apps.[63][64]
Apps
The suite of pre-loaded apps bundled with Windows 8 were changed in 8.1; PC Settings was expanded to include options that were previously exclusive to the desktop Control Panel, Windows Store was updated with an improved interface for browsing apps and automatic updates, the Mail app includes an updated interface and additional features, the Camera app integrates Photosynth for creating panoramas, and additional editing tools were added to the Photos app (while integration with Flickr and Facebook was completely removed). A number of additional stock apps were also added, including Calculator, Food and Drink, Health and Fitness, Sound Recorder, Reading List (which can be used to collect and sync content from apps through OneDrive), Scan, and Help + Tips.[56][65] For Windows RT users, 8.1 also adds a version of Microsoft Outlook to the included Office 2013 RT suite. However, it does not support data loss protection, Group Policy, Lync integration, or creating emails with information rights management.[66] Windows Store is enabled by default within Windows To Go environments.[67]
Online services and functionality
Windows 8.1 adds tighter integration with several Microsoft-owned services. OneDrive (formerly SkyDrive)[68] is integrated at the system level to sync user settings and files. Files are automatically downloaded in the background when they are accessed from the user's OneDrive folder, unless they are marked to be available offline. By default, only file metadata and thumbnails are stored locally, and reparse points are used to give the appearance of a normal directory structure to provide backwards compatibility. The OneDrive app was updated to include a local file manager. OneDrive use on 8.1 requires that a user's Windows account be linked to a Microsoft account; the previous SkyDrive desktop client (which did not have this requirement) is not supported on 8.1.[69][70][71]
A Bing-based unified search system was added; it can analyze a user's search habits to return results featuring relevant local and online content. Full-screen "hero" displays aggregate news articles, Wikipedia entries, multimedia, and other content related to a search query; for instance, searching for a music performer would return photos of the performer, a biography, and their available songs and albums on Xbox Music.[56][57] The messaging app from Windows 8 has been replaced by Skype, which also allows users to accept calls directly from the lock screen.[57] Windows 8.1 also includes Internet Explorer 11, which adds support for SPDY and WebGL, and expanded developer tools. The Metro-style version of IE 11 also adds tab syncing, the ability to open an unlimited number of tabs, and Reading List integration.[72][73]
Security and hardware compatibility
On compatible hardware, Windows 8.1 also features a transparent "device encryption" system based on BitLocker. Encryption begins as soon as a user begins using the system; the recovery key is stored to either the user's Microsoft account or an Active Directory login, allowing it to be retrieved from any computer. While device encryption is offered on all versions of 8.1 unlike BitLocker (which is exclusive to the Pro and Enterprise editions), device encryption requires that the device meet the Connected Standby specification and have a Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 2.0 chip.[74][75] 8.1 also introduces improved fingerprint recognition APIs, which allows user login, User Account Control, Windows Store and Windows Store apps to use enrolled fingerprints as an authentication method. A new kiosk mode known as "Assigned Access" was also added, allowing a device to be configured to use a single app in a restricted environment. Additionally, Windows Defender includes an intrusion detection system which can scan network activity for signs of malware. 8.1 also allows third-party VPN clients to automatically trigger connections.[76]
For enterprise device management, Windows 8.1 adds support for the Workplace Join feature of Windows Server 2012 R2, which allows users to enroll their own device into corporate networks with finer control over access to resources and security requirements. 8.1 also supports the OMA Device Management specifications. Remote Data Control can be used to remotely wipe specific "corporate" data from Windows 8.1 devices.[67]
Due to changes to improve its "security effectiveness", the 64-bit version of Windows 8.1 no longer supports processors which do not implement the double-width compare and exchange (CMPXCHG16B) CPU instruction (which the installer reports as a lack of support for "CompareExchange128"). A Microsoft spokesperson noted that the change primarily affects systems with older AMD 64-bit processors, and that "the number of affected processors are extremely small, since this instruction has been supported for greater than 10 years." Even if the system does have an otherwise compatible processor, the motherboard must also support the instruction—which can also cause the problem to occur on Intel processors in select cases. These changes do not affect the 32-bit version of Windows 8.1.[77][78]
Hardware functionality
Windows 8.1 adds support for 3D printing,[79][80] pairing with printers using NFC tags, Wi-Fi Direct, Miracast media streaming,[81] tethering,[67] and NVMe.[82][83] In response to the increasing pixel density in displays, Windows 8.1 can scale text and GUI elements up to 200% (whereas Windows 8 supported only 150%) and set scaling settings independently on each display in multi-monitor configurations.[84]
Reception
Critical reception
Windows 8.1 received better reviews than Windows 8. Tom Warren of The Verge still considered the platform to be a "work in progress" due to the number of apps available, the impaired level of capabilities that apps have in comparison to desktop programs, and because he felt that mouse and keyboard navigation was still "awkward". However, he touted many of the major changes on 8.1, such as the expanded snapping functionality, increased Start screen customization, SkyDrive and Bing integration, improvements to stock apps, and particularly he considered the Mail app to be "lightyears ahead" of the original version from 8. He concluded that "Microsoft has achieved a lot within 12 months, even if a lot of the additions feel like they should have been there from the very start with Windows 8."[57]
Joel Hruska of ExtremeTech criticized continuing integration problems between the Desktop and apps on 8.1, pointing out examples such as the Photos app, which "still refuses to acknowledge that users might have previous photo directories", and that the Mail app "still can’t talk to the desktop—if you try to send an email from the Desktop without another mail client installed, Windows will tell you there’s no mail client capable of performing that action." However, he praised the improvements to other apps, such as People and News (pointing out UI improvements, and the News app using proper links when sharing stories, rather than non-standard links that can only be recognized by the app). Although praising the more flexible snapping system, he still pointed out flaws, such as an inability to maintain snap configurations in certain situations. 8.1's search functionality was met with mixed reviews; while noting the Bing integration and updated design, the system was panned for arbitrarily leaving out secondary storage devices from the "Everything" mode.[85]
Peter Bright of Ars Technica praised many of the improvements on 8.1, such as its more "complete" touch interface, the "reasonable" tutorial content, the new autocomplete tools on the on-screen keyboard, software improvements, and the deep SkyDrive integration. However, he felt that the transition between the desktop and apps "still tends to feel a bit disjointed and disconnected" (even though the option to use the desktop wallpaper on the Start screen made it feel more integrated with the desktop interface rather than dissimilar), and that the restoration of the Start button made the two interfaces feel even more inconsistent because of how different it operates between the desktop and apps.[58]
Certain aspects of 8.1 were also cause for concern because of their privacy implications. In his review of 8.1, Joel Hruska noted that Microsoft had deliberately made it harder for users to create a "Local" account that is not tied to a Microsoft account for syncing, as it "[makes] clear that the company really, really, wants you to share everything you do with it, and that’s not something an increasing number of people and businesses are comfortable doing."[85] Woody Leonhard of InfoWorld noted that by default Windows 8.1's "Smart Search" system sends search queries and other information to Microsoft, which could be used for targeted advertising. Leonhard considered this to be ironic, given that Microsoft had criticized Google's use of similar tactics with its "Scroogled" advertising campaign.[86]
Market share
On the information gathered by Net Applications, adoption rate in June 2014 for Windows 8.1 was at 6.61%, while the original Windows 8 was at 5.93%.[87]
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Further reading
- Northrup, Tony (November 15, 2013). Windows 8.1 Inside Out. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Press. ISBN 978-0-7356-8363-1.
- "Compare Windows 8.1 Editions". Microsoft.com. Microsoft.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Microsoft Windows 8.
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