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|Formed=July 29
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|Dissipated=Currently active
|Dissipated=Currently active
|Image=Soudelor 2015-08-04 0500Z.jpg
|Image=Soudelor 2015-08-04 0410Z.jpg
|Track=Soudelor 2015 track.png
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Revision as of 02:24, 5 August 2015

2015 Pacific typhoon season
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedJanuary 2, 2015
Last system dissipatedCurrently active
Strongest storm
NameSoudelor
 • Maximum winds215 km/h (130 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
 • Lowest pressure900 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions20
Total storms13
Typhoons8
Super typhoons5 (unofficial)
Total fatalities31 total
Total damage$1.74 billion (2015 USD)
Related article
Pacific typhoon seasons
2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017

The 2015 Pacific typhoon season is an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season will run throughout 2015, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100°E and 180th meridian. Within the northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies that assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) will name a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h (40 mph) anywhere in the basin, whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N–25°N regardless of whether or not a tropical cyclone has already been given a name by the JMA. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) are given a number with a "W" suffix.

Seasonal forecasts

Forecast
Date		 Forecast
Center		 Period Tropical
cyclones		 Ref
January 2015 PAGASA January — March 1-2 [1]
January 2015 PAGASA April — June 1-3 [1]
May 6, 2015 TSR January 1 — December 31 27 [2]
June 30, 2015 CWB January 1 — December 31 28–32 [3]
July 2015 PAGASA July — September 7-10 [4]
July 2015 PAGASA October — December 3-5 [4]
July 16, 2015 GCACIC June 1 — November 30 19.9 [5]
Forecast
Center		 Tropical
cyclones		 Tropical
storms		 Typhoons Ref
Actual activity: JMA 20 13 8
Actual activity: JTWC 15 14 10

During the year several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country. These agencies included the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of the University College London, Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and the Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau. Some of the forecasts took into consideration what happened in previous seasons and the El Nino Conditions that were observed during the year. The first forecast of the year was released by PAGASA during January 2015, within its seasonal climate outlook for the period January – June.[1] The outlook noted that one to two tropical cyclones were expected between January and March while one to three were expected to develop or enter the Philippine Area of Responsibility between April and June.[1]

During March the Hong Kong Observatory predicted that the typhoon season in Hong Kong, would be near normal with four to seven tropical cyclones passing within 500 km (310 mi)* of the territory compared to an average of six.[6] Within its Pacific ENSO Update for the 2nd quarter of 2015, NOAA's Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation Applications Climate Center, noted that the risk of a damaging tropical cyclone in Micronesia was "greatly enhanced" by El Niño.[7] As a result, they forecasted that the risk of a typhoon severely affecting Micronesia was high, with most islands predicted to have a "1 in 3 chance" of serious effects from some combination of high winds, large waves and extreme rainfall from a typhoon.[7] They also predicted that there was a near 100% chance of severe effects from a typhoon somewhere within Micronesia.[7] On May 6, Tropical Storm Risk issued their first forecast for the season and predicted that the season, would be the most active since 2004 with activity forecast to be above average.[2] Specifically they forecast that 27 tropical storms, 17 typhoons, 11 intense typhoons would occur, while an ACE Index of 400 was also forecasted.[2]

In late June the Thai Meteorological Department predicted that one or two tropical cyclones would move towards Thailand during 2015.[8] The first of the two tropical storms was predicted to pass near Upper Thailand in either August or September, while the other one was expected to move to the south of Southern Thailand during November.[8] On June 30, Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau predicted that 28-32 tropical storms would develop over the basin, while two — four systems were expected to affect Taiwan itself.[3] PAGASA subsequently predicted Within its July — December seasonal climate outlook, that seven to ten tropical cyclones were likely to develop and/or enter the Philippine area of responsibility between July and September, while three to five were predicted for the October–December period.[4] On July 16, the Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre (GCACIC) and the City University of Hong Kong's School of Energy, released their seasonal forecast for the period between June 1 — November 30.[5] They predicted that 19.9 tropical cyclones would develop during the period with 10.3 of these going on and making landfall compared to averages of 23.0 and 17.4 tropical cyclones.[5] They further predicted that both the Korea — Japan region and that Taiwan and the Eastern Chinese provinces of Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian would see three of these landfalls each.[5] Vietnam, the Philippines and the Southern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were forecasted to see four landfalling tropical cyclones.[5]

Season summary

2015 opened with Tropical Depression Jangmi (Seniang) located about 145 km (90 mi)* to the northeast of Sandakan, Malaysia, a former tropical storm from the previous year. The system subsequently moved south-eastwards, made landfall on Malaysia, and dissipated later that day. A tropical depression subsequently developed to the northwest of Brunei during January 2, but did not develop any further and dissipated during January 4.[citation needed] The first tropical storm of the season was named Mekkhala during January 14 and went on to affect the Philippines and Pope Francis' visit to the country.[9]Less than a month later, Typhoon Higos became the easternmost forming Pacific typhoon and one of the strongest February typhoons on record. Despite its intensity, Higos did not cause any significant effects over the landmasses and islands on the West Pacific. During the end of March, Typhoon Maysak formed and intensified into a Category 5 super typhoon, the second-strongest so far in the season and the strongest prior to April since reliable records began. In May, Typhoons Noul and Dolphin rapidly deepened into Category 5 super typhoons, the second and third of the season. In addition, Dolphin was the earliest seventh named storm on record in the basin. It was the first time on record that two Category 5 typhoons occurred in May.[citation needed]

After an inactive period of about a month, activity resumed in late June with Tropical Storm Kujira. Then in early July, three tropical cyclones formed almost simultaneously.[citation needed]

Storms

Severe Tropical Storm Mekkhala (Amang)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJanuary 13 – January 20
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
975 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Tropical Storm Mekkhala (2015)

On January 9, the JTWC started to monitor a weak tropical disturbance south-southwest of Pohnpei.[citation needed] During the next day, the system gained convective activity near the center,[failed verification] as the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression early on January 13.[10] At the same time, the JTWC issued a TCFA on the depression. Later that day, the JTWC followed suit, giving the designation 01W.[citation needed] The next day, the JMA upgraded 01W to a tropical storm, receiving the name Mekkhala,[11] although the JTWC didn't upgrade it as it rapidly moved in a westerly direction.[citation needed] On January 15, the PAGASA had reported that Mekkhala had entered the PAR, giving the local name Amang.[12][13][14] The next day, due to an increase of convection and some favorable environments, Mekkhala intensified to a severe tropical storm by the JMA. Later that day, the JTWC instead classified the storm to a minimal typhoon.[citation needed] The JMA followed suit early on January 17.[15] Later that day, land reaction occurred to the storm as both the JMA and JTWC downgraded it to a tropical storm the next day and started to move northwards. On January 18, Mekkhala encountered moderate vertical wind shear as both agencies made their final warning on the system. However, the JMA tracked the system until January 20.[citation needed]

Typhoon Higos

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationFebruary 6 – February 12
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min);
940 hPa (mbar)

During February 4, the JTWC started to monitor a tropical disturbance that had developed within an area marginal for further development near Kosrae.[16] Over the next couple of days the system gradually developed further and was classified as a tropical depression by the JMA during February 6.[citation needed] During the next day, the JMA reported that the depression had intensified into a tropical storm and named it Higos.[17] The JTWC simultaneously upgraded the storm to Tropical Storm 02W as it started to intensify under favorable conditions. The next day, both agencies upgraded it to a minimal typhoon. On February 9, Higos underwent rapid deepening until it was classified a Category 4 typhoon according to the JTWC. Shortly after, however, stronger vertical wind shear and drier air quickly weakened Higos to a tropical depression and dissipated.[citation needed]

At its peak, Higos became the strongest typhoon on record in the month of February since 1970.[18]

Tropical Storm Bavi (Betty)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationMarch 10 – March 21
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
990 hPa (mbar)

During March 8, the JTWC started to monitor a tropical disturbance that had developed, within a favourable environment for further development to the south east of Kwajalein in the Marshall Islands,[19] cross-equatorial from Cyclone Pam.[20] Over the next couple of days the system gradually developed further and was classified as a tropical depression by the JMA during March 10.[21][22] The JTWC followed suit on March 11, as they designated it as 03W.[citation needed] Later that day, the JMA upgraded 03W to a tropical storm, naming the system Bavi as its low-level circulation center became exposed for a brief period.[23][failed verification] Bavi moved in a westerly direction until it reached peak intensity as a strong tropical storm on March 14. The next day, Bavi encountered unfavorable environments due to moderate to high vertical wind shear.[citation needed] On March 17, the PAGASA had reported that Bavi had entered their area, receiving the name Betty.[24][25] Later the same day, both agencies downgraded Bavi to a tropical depression as its center became exposed. On March 18, both the JMA and the JTWC made their final warning. The PAGASA finally downgraded the system to a low-pressure area on March 19. The JMA, however, tracked the system until March 21, when it dissipated west of Manila, Philippines.[citation needed]

Large waves coupled with high-tide caused flooding across the expansive Majuro Atoll in the Marshall Islands early in Bavi's development. A yacht struck a reef within the atoll due to the rough seas, though no injuries resulted. Gusty winds and heavy rain impacted much of the Marshall Islands.[26] Swells stemming from Bavi later affected parts of Kiribati which was still recovering from damaging king tides produced by Cyclone Pam.[27] On March 15, Bavi brought winds up to 100 km/h (65 mph) to the Mariana Islands, with Saipan and Tinian taking the brunt of the impact.[28] Many trees and power lines were downed across the islands, with Saipan temporarily losing all electricity service.[29] A total of 166 people sought refuge in public shelters on the island. Throughout the Marianas 5 homes were destroyed while a further 52 sustained damage. The Red Cross later provided more than $25,000 in assistance and funds to 252 people.[28]

Typhoon Maysak (Chedeng)

Violent typhoon (JMA)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMarch 26 – April 7
Peak intensity195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min);
910 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Maysak (2015)

A day after Bavi dissipated, a low-pressure area formed southwest of the Marshall Islands. It slowly drifted northwestward and became more organised over the next two days.[30] The next day, the JMA started tracking the system as a tropical depression.[31] On March 27, the JTWC started tracking the system as a tropical depression, and designated it 04W.[32] Moving west-northwestward, the system's center became more consolidated with convective banding becoming wrapped into it. The JTWC upgraded 04W to a tropical storm the same day.[33] The JMA followed suit later that day, when it was named Maysak.[34] On March 28, Maysak developed an eye,[35] and the JMA further upgraded it to a severe tropical storm.[36] The eye became more well defined with deep convection persisting along the southern quadrant of the storm. The overcast became more consolidated,[37] as the JMA upgraded Maysak to a typhoon on the same day.[38] On March 29, Maysak rapidly intensified over a period of 6 hours, attaining 1-min maximum sustained winds of 230 km/h (145 mph), making it a Category 4 equivalent on the SSHWS.[39] On the next day, Maysak further intensified into a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon.[citation needed] On April 1, the PAGASA stated tracking on the system, naming it as Chedeng.[40]

Typhoon Maysak passed directly over Chuuk State in the Federated States of Micronesia on March 29, causing extensive damage. High winds, measured up to 114 km/h (71 mph) at the local National Weather Service office, downed numerous trees, power lines, and tore off roofs. An estimated 80–90 percent of homes in Chuuk sustained damage. Power to most of the island was knocked out and communication was difficult. Early reports indicate that five people lost their lives.[41] A few days before Maysak made landfall, PAGASA stated that the country's official dry season had started.[42]

Tropical Storm Haishen

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationApril 2 – April 6
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
998 hPa (mbar)

On April 1, the JTWC started to monitor a tropical disturbance over the Marshall Islands.[43] The system slowly intensified as it moved westwards and by April 2, the JMA classified the system as a weak tropical depression.[44] At the same time, the JTWC upgraded it to Tropical Depression 05W as it was over favorable environments with a good outflow surrounding the system.[45] The next day, the JTWC upgraded 05W to a tropical storm, while the JMA followed suit and named the storm Haishen. However, it didn't intensify any further and it dissipated on April 6.[citation needed]

Typhoon Noul (Dodong)

Violent typhoon (JMA)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 2 – May 12
Peak intensity205 km/h (125 mph) (10-min);
920 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Noul (2015)

On April 30, a tropical disturbance developed near Chuuk.[46] On May 2, the JMA began to track the system as a weak tropical depression.[47] The following day, the JMA upgraded the depression to a tropical storm and assigned the name Noul.[48] On May 5, the JMA upgraded the system to a severe tropical storm while the JTWC upgraded it to a minimal typhoon.[49] The following day, the JMA also upgraded Noul to a typhoon.[citation needed] Early on May 7, Noul entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility and was assigned the name Dodong by PAGASA.[50] Later that day, the JTWC upgraded Noul to a Category 3 typhoon as a small eye had developed.[51] At the same time, according to Jeff Masters of Weather Underground, Noul had taken on annular characteristics.[52] Although Noul weakened to a Category 2 typhoon early on May 9, six hours later, the JTWC upgraded Noul back to a Category 3 typhoon, as its eye became clearer and well-defined. The JTWC upgraded Noul to a Category 4 super typhoon later that day after it began rapid deepening.[citation needed] On May 10, the JTWC further upgraded Noul to a Category 5 super typhoon, and the JMA assessed Noul with 10-minute sustained winds of 205 km/h (125 mph) and a minimum pressure of 920 mbar, its peak intensity.[53][54] Later that day, Noul made landfall on Pananapan Point, Santa Ana, Cagayan.[55] After making a direct hit on the northeastern tip of Luzon, the storm began to weaken, and the JTWC downgraded it to a Category 4 super typhoon.[56] Subsequently, it began rapidly weakening and by May 12, it had weakened to a severe tropical storm.[citation needed]

Typhoon Dolphin

Main article: Typhoon Dolphin (2015)
Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationMay 6 – May 20
Peak intensity185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min);
925 hPa (mbar)

On May 3, a tropical disturbance south to southeast of Pohnpei began to organize, and the JMA upgraded the disturbance into a tropical depression. Late on May 6, the JTWC started issuing advisories and designated it as 07W. On May 9, the JMA upgraded the depression into a tropical storm and named it Dolphin. The JMA further upgraded Dolphin to a severe tropical storm on May 12, and on the following day, the JTWC upgraded Dolphin to a typhoon. Six hours later, the JMA had followed suit. Over the next few days, Dolphin continued to intensify until it reached Category 5 super typhoon status on May 16. It weakened into a category 4 super typhoon 12 hours later, until it weakened into a category 4 equivalent typhoon after maintaining super typhoon status for 30 hours. Dolphin weakened further into a severe tropical storm on May 19, as the JTWC downgraded Dolphin into a tropical storm and issued their final warning. On May 20, the JMA issued their final warning, and the JTWC and the JMA declared that Dolphin had become an extratropical cyclone.[citation needed]

Tropical Storm Kujira

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 19 – June 25
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
985 hPa (mbar)

On June 19, the JMA began to monitor a tropical depression in the South China Sea. By the next day, the JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert as the system started to organize. In response to intensification of the disturbance, the JTWC upgraded it to a tropical depression and assigned the designation 08W.[citation needed] Early on June 21, the JMA had reported that 08W had intensified into a tropical storm, naming it Kujira.[57] The JTWC later upgraded Kujira to a tropical storm; the storm reached its peak intensity on June 22.[58] On June 24, Kujira made landfall over Vietnam, while at the same time the JTWC issued their final warning on the system.[citation needed]

Although outside the Philippine area of responsibility, Kujira's circulation enhanced the southwest monsoon and marked the beginning of the nation's rainy season.[59] Striking Hainan on June 20, Kujira produced torrential rain across the island with an average of 102 mm (4.0 in) falling across the province on June 20; accumulations peaked at 732 mm (28.8 in). The ensuing floods affected 7,400 hectares (18,300 acres) of crops and left ¥88 million (US$14.4 million) in economic losses.[60] Flooding in northern Vietnam killed at least nine people, including eight in Sơn La Province, and left six others missing.[61] Across the country, 70 homes were destroyed while a further 382 were damaged.[62]

Typhoon Chan-hom (Falcon)

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJune 30 – July 13
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min);
935 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Chan-hom (2015)

On June 25, the JTWC started to monitor a weak tropical disturbance embedded in the active ITCZ.[63] Convection increased within the system as the JMA and the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression on June 30 while it was located near the island of Kosrae.[64][65] Later that day, the JMA upgraded the depression to a tropical storm and assigned the name Chan-hom.[66] Although it was upgraded to a typhoon on July 1,[67][68] increasing wind shear caused the system to weaken back into a tropical storm as it neared Guam.[69][70]

On July 5, as it started to move north then northwest, Chan-hom showed good outflow aloft and low vertical windshear was within the area.[71] Both agencies upgraded the storm to a typhoon again on July 6, as an eye developed.[72][73][74] On July 7, PAGASA had reported that Chan-hom had entered their Area of Responsibility and was assigned the name Falcon.[75] With a clear and defined eye and an expanding gale-force winds,[76][77][78] both agencies classified Chan-hom as a Category 4 typhoon on July 9,[79] with a 10-minute wind peak of 165 km/h (105 mph) and a minimum pressure of 935 millibars.[80] On July 10, Chan-hom further weakened as an eyewall replacement cycle devloped with moderate to high vertical windshear as it neared eastern China.[81][82] Chan-ho made landfall southeast of Shanghai later that day.[83] Due to cooler waters, Chan-hom weakened below typhoon status.[84][85] The next day, it was reported that Chan-hom's LLCC became exposed as it neared Korea.[86][87] The system's low-level center completely exposed on July 12 as it approached the Korean Peninsula.[88][89] Between 15:00 and 18:00 UTC, Chan-hom moved ashore over South Hwanghae Province, North Korea, with winds of 95 km/h (60 mph).[90][91] By 00:00 UTC on July 13 the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone while retaining gale-force winds.[92] The JTWC issued its final advisory late on July 12.[93] However the JMA continued to track Chan-hom until early on July 13 when it became extratropical.[94]

Ahead of the typhoon's arrival in East China, officials evacuated over 1.1 million people.[95] Total economic losses in Zhejiang amounted to ¥5.86 billion (US$944 million).[96] Even though Chan-hom didn't affect the Philippines, the typhoon enhanced the southwest monsoon which killed about 4 people and damages of about $90 thousand.[97]

Severe Tropical Storm Linfa (Egay)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 1 – July 10
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min);
975 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Tropical Storm Linfa (2015)

A weak low-pressure area developed into a tropical disturbance near Palau on June 30. The system stalled over the Philippine Sea for several days, and there was initially no intensification of the system. However, on July 1, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical depression while it was located east of Visayas, Philippines. By the next day, the PAGASA started issuing advisories on the system, assigning the name Egay. The JTWC followed suit a few hours later, giving the designation 10W. the JMA followed suit, named as Linfa. Linfa became a severe tropical storm on July 3. On July 5, Linfa continued to move north while slowly strengthening. On July 9, Linfa strengthened from a severe tropical storm to a typhoon, and slowly moved towards Hong Kong.[citation needed] Linfa made landfall on the city of Lufeng in Guangdong on the evening of July 9 [98] The Hong Kong Observatory had issued Typhoon Signal No. 8, but later downgraded it to Signal No. 3 as Linfa moved further inland and weakened, resulting in gradual weakening of local winds during the evening.[citation needed]

According to preliminary estimates in southern China, economic losses from the storm reached ¥1.2 billion (US$213 million). A total of 288 homes collapsed and 56,000 people were displaced.[99] A gust of 171 km/h (106 mph) was observed in Jieyang.[100]

Typhoon Nangka

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 super typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 3 – July 18
Peak intensity185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min);
925 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Nangka (2015)

On July 3, the JMA started to monitor a tropical depression over the Marshall Islands.[101] Later that day, the system started to intensify, as it was designated as 11W by the JTWC.[102] The JMA followed suit of upgrading it to a tropical storm, naming it Nangka.[103] After three days of slow strengthening, Nangka was upgraded to a severe tropical storm on July 6, due to favorable environments such as a symmetrical cyclone, an improving outflow and low vertical windshear .[104][105] Shortly afterwards, rapid intensification ensued and Nangka was upgraded to a Category 2 typhoon 24 hours later.[106][107] The intensification trend continued, and Nangka reached its first peak as a Category 4 typhoon as an eye developed.[108][109]

Shortly after its first peak, Nangka slightly weakened and its eye became cloud-fulled.[110] Although some vertical wind shear initially halted the intensification trend, the storm resumed intensifying on July 9, and was upgraded to a Category 4 super typhoon with 1-minute sustained winds of 250 km/h (155 mph). In the same time, Nangka's structure became symmetrical and its eye re-developed clearly.[111][112][113] The JMA also assessed Nangka's peak with 10-minute winds of 185 km/h (115 mph).[114] Nangka maintained super typhoon strength for 24 hours before weakening to a typhoon on July 10 as it entered an area of some unfavorable environments.[115] Nangka weakened to a Category 1-equivalent typhoon on July 11, but began strengthening again late on July 12, reaching a secondary peak as a Category 3-equivalent typhoon as its eye became clear once more.[116][117] An eyewall replacement cycle interrupted the intensification the following day, and Nangka weakened due to drier air from the north.[118][119] At around 14:00 UTC on July 16, Nangka made landfall over Muroto, Kōchi of Japan.[120] A few hours later, Nangka made its second landfall over the island of Honshu, as the JMA downgraded Nangka's intensity to a severe tropical storm.[121][122][123] Due to land reaction and cooler waters, Nangka's circulation began to deteriorate and was downgraded to a tropical depression by both agencies late on July 17.[124][125] On July 18, both agencies issued their final warning on Nangka as it weakened to a remnant low.[126][127]

On Majuro atoll in the Marshall Islands, high winds from Nangka tore roofs from homes and downed trees and power lines. Nearly half of the nation's capital city of the same name were left without power. Tony deBrum, the Marshall Island's foreign minister, stated "Majuro [is] like a war zone."[128] At least 25 vessels in the island's lagoon broke loose from or were dragged by their moorings. Some coastal flooding was also noted.[128]

Typhoon Halola (Goring)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 13 (Entered basin) – July 26
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
955 hPa (mbar)
Main article: Typhoon Halola

During July 13, Tropical Storm Halola moved into the Western Pacific basin from the Central Pacific basin, and was immediately classified as a severe tropical storm by the JMA.[129][130] By the next day, Halola quickly strengthened into a typhoon.[131][132] Later that day, both the JMA and JTWC reported that Halola reached peak intensity as a Category 2 typhoon.[133][134] However weakening convection and moderate vertical windshear caused the typhoon to weaken on July 15.[135][136] Halola further weakened to a tropical depression as the JMA issued its final advisory on July 18, however the JTWC continued tracking Halola.[137][138]

On July 19, the JMA re-issued advisories and Halola showed signs of further intensification.[139][140] An improved convective signature, expanding moisture field and shallow banding wrapped into the system prompted both agencies to upgrade it to a tropical storm, early on July 20.[141][142] Halola intensified into a typhoon again the next day, as the typhoon became more symmetrical than before.[143][144][145] By July 22, Halola reached its second peak intensity as a Category 2 typhoon, but this time it was a little stronger with a minimum pressure down to 955 millibars and 10-minute sustained winds of 150 km/h (90 mph).[146][147][148] PAGASA reported that Halola entered their Area of Responsibility receiving the name Goring early on July 23.[149][150] On the next day, Halola encountered northeasterly vertical windshear as the system started to weaken.[151] The PAGASA issued its final warning on Halola (Goring) as it already exited their area.[152] During the days of July 25 and 26, Halola weakened to tropical storm strength and passed the southwestern Japanese Islands.[153] Both agencies downgraded Halola to a remnant low and issued their final advisory.[154][155]

At around 09:30 UTC on July 26, Halola made landfall over Saikai, Nagasaki of Japan.[156] Throughout the Daitō Islands, sugarcane farms were significantly affected by Typhoon Halola, resulting damage of about 154 million Japanese yen ($1.2 million USD).[157]

Tropical Depression 12W

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
 
DurationJuly 23 – July 25
Peak intensity<55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1008 hPa (mbar)

During July 23, the JMA and JTWC started monitoring Tropical Depression 12W, that had developed to the northeast of Manila, Philippines. [158][159] Over the next day the system moved towards the north-northeast along the subtropical ridge, in an environment that was considered marginal for further development.[160] During the next day, despite Dvorak estimates from various agencies decreasing due to a lack on convection surrounding the system, the JTWC reported that the system had become a tropical storm.[161] This was based on an image from the advanced scatterometer, which showed winds of 65–75 km/h (40–45 mph)* along the systems western periphery.[161] The system subsequently directly interacted with Typhoon Halola (Goring), before increased vertical wind shear and subsidence from the interaction caused the depression to deteriorate.[162][163] As a result the systems low level circulation became weak and fully exposed, with deep convection displaced to the systems western semi circle.[162][163] The system was subsequently last noted by the JMA and JTWC during July 25, as it dissipated to the east of Taiwan.[163]

Typhoon Soudelor (Hanna)

Soudelor (Hanna)
Current storm status
Typhoon  (JMA)
Current storm status
Category 4 typhoon (1-min mean)
Satellite image
Forecast map
As of:21:00 UTC, August 4
Location:19°30′N 135°30′E / 19.5°N 135.5°E / 19.5; 135.5 (Soudelor (Hanna))
700 nmi (1,300 km; 810 mi) SE of Kadena Air Base
Sustained winds:185 km/h (115 mph) (10-min mean)
215 km/h (130 mph) (1-min mean)
gusting to 260 km/h (160 mph)
Pressure:925 hPa (mbar; 27.31 inHg)
Movement:WNW at 11 kn (20 km/h; 13 mph)
See more detailed information.
Main article: Typhoon Soudelor (2015)

During July 29, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed, about 1,800 km (1,120 mi)* to the east of Hagåtña on the island of Guam.[164] Over the next day the system moved westwards under the influence of the subtropical ridge of high pressure and quickly consolidated, in an environment that was marginally favourable for further development.[165] As a result the JTWC initiated advisories and designated it as Tropical Depression 13W during July 30.[165] In the same day, Soudelor showed signs of rapid intensification as a central dense overcast obscured its LLCC.[166] Therefore, the JMA upgraded Soudelor to a severe tropical storm on August 1. Intensification continued, and both agencies upgraded Soudelor to a typhoon the next day. On August 3, Soudelor further deepened into a Category 5 super typhoon with 285 km/h (180 mph) 1-minute sustained winds, and the JMA assessed Soudelor with 10-minute sustained winds of 215 km/h (130 mph) and a minimum central pressure of 900 millibars, making Soudelor the strongest typhoon since Typhoon Vongfong.[167]

Tropical Depression 14W

Tropical depression (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
 
DurationAugust 1 – Currently active
Peak intensity<55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1008 hPa (mbar)

During August 1, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed, about 940 km (585 mi)* to the southeast of Tokyo, Japan.[168] The JTWC issued a TCFA on the system in the same day.[169] Because of a well-defined but an exposed low-level circulation center with deep flaring convection over the storm's eastern periphery, the JTWC upgraded the system to a tropical depression, designating it as 14W.[170] The JTWC made its last advisory on the system on August 4, as it lingered southwest of Yokosuka, Japan.[171]

Other storms

A weak tropical depression northeast of the Philippines on July 14

On January 1, Tropical Depression Jangmi (Seniang) was active within the Sulu Sea to the north of Malaysia.[172] During that day the system moved southwards, before it made landfall on Malaysia and dissipated later that day.[172] Early on January 2, the JMA reported that a tropical depression had developed to the northwest of Brunei, within an area that was marginally favourable for further development.[173][174] Over the next day the system moved into an area of moderate vertical wind shear, with atmospheric convection becoming displaced to the west of the fully exposed low level circulation centre.[175] The system was subsequently last noted by the JMA during January 4, as it dissipated in the South China Sea near the Malaysian-Indonesian border.[176][177][178] Late on July 1, the JMA started to monitor a weak tropical depression over the Caroline Islands. The depression dissipated the following day.[179]

On July 14, the JMA started to monitor a weak tropical depression several kilometers east-northeast of the Philippines.[180] The system showed intensification, however the JMA issued its final warning on the system shortly thereafter.[181] On July 15, the JMA re-initiated advisories on the depression.[182] The depression moved in a northward direction as it was absorbed by the outflow of Typhoon Nangka the next day.[183] Another tropical depression developed on July 18 and dissipated near Japan and south of the Korean Peninsula on July 20.[184][185] During July 20, the JMA briefly monitored a tropical depression, that had developed over the Chinese province of Guangdong.[186][187]

Storm names

Within the Northwest Pacific Ocean, both the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assign names to tropical cyclones that develop in the Western Pacific, which can result in a tropical cyclone having two names.[188] The Japan Meteorological Agency's RSMC Tokyo — Typhoon Center assigns international names to tropical cyclones on behalf of the World Meteorological Organization's Typhoon Committee, should they be judged to have 10-minute sustained windspeeds of 65 km/h (40 mph)*.[189] While the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N-25°N even if the cyclone has had an international name assigned to it.[188] The names of significant tropical cyclones are retired, by both PAGASA and the Typhoon Committee.[189] Should the list of names for the Philippine region be exhausted then names will be taken from an auxiliary list of which the first ten are published each season. Unused names are marked in gray.

International names

See also: Lists of tropical cyclone names and Tropical cyclone naming

Tropical cyclones are named from a set of five naming lists set by the JMA's Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in Tokyo, Japan, once they reach tropical storm strength.[188] Names are contributed by members of the ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee. Each of the 14 nations and territories submitted ten names, which are used in alphabetical order, by the official English name of the country.[190] The next 24 names on the naming list are listed here along with their international numeric designation, if they are used.

  • Mekkhala (1501)
  • Higos (1502)
  • Bavi (1503)
  • Maysak (1504)
  • Haishen (1505)
  • Noul (1506)
  • Dolphin (1507)
  • Kujira (1508)
  • Chan-hom (1509)
  • Linfa (1510)
  • Nangka (1511)
  • Soudelor (1513) (active)
  • Molave (unused)
  • Goni (unused)
  • Atsani (unused)
  • Etau (unused)
  • Vamco (unused)
  • Krovanh (unused)
  • Dujuan (unused)
  • Mujigae (unused)
  • Choi-wan (unused)
  • Koppu (unused)
  • Champi (unused)
  • In-Fa (unused)

Tropical Storm Halola entered the basin on July 13, retaining its name assigned by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center and receiving the designation 1512 from the JMA.

Philippines

PAGASA uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year be exhausted, names will be taken from an auxiliary list, the first ten of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 2019 season. This is the same list used in the 2011 season, with the exception of Betty, Jenny, Marilyn, Perla and Sarah, which replaced Bebeng, Juaning, Mina, Pedring and Sendong. The name Betty was used for the first time.[191]

  • Amang (1501)
  • Betty (1503)
  • Chedeng (1504)
  • Dodong (1506)
  • Egay (1510)
  • Falcon (1509)
  • Goring (1512)
  • Hanna (1513) (active)
  • Ineng (unused)
  • Jenny (unused)
  • Kabayan (unused)
  • Lando (unused)
  • Marilyn (unused)
  • Nonoy (unused)
  • Onyok (unused)
  • Perla (unused)
  • Quiel (unused)
  • Ramon (unused)
  • Sarah (unused)
  • Tisoy (unused)
  • Ursula (unused)
  • Viring (unused)
  • Weng (unused)
  • Yoyoy (unused)
  • Zigzag (unused)
Auxiliary list
  • Abe (unused)
  • Berto (unused)
  • Charo (unused)
  • Dado (unused)
  • Estoy (unused)
  • Felion (unused)
  • Gening (unused)
  • Herman (unused)
  • Irma (unused)
  • Jaime (unused)

Season effects

This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 2015. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA. All damage figures will be in 2015 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical cyclone.


Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
TD January 2 – 4 Tropical depression Not specified 1006 hPa (29.71 inHg) Brunei, Malaysia None None
Mekkhala (Amang) January 13 – 20 Severe tropical storm 110 km/h (70 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Caroline Islands, Philippines $7.8 million 3 [192][193]
Higos February 6 – 12 Typhoon 165 km/h (105 mph) 940 hPa (27.76 inHg) Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands None None
Bavi (Betty) March 10 – 21 Tropical storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Marshall Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines Minimal None
Maysak (Chedeng) March 26 – April 7 Typhoon 195 km/h (120 mph) 910 hPa (26.87 inHg) Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Philippines $8.5 million 9
Haishen April 2 – 6 Tropical storm 65 km/h (40 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Caroline Islands None None
Noul (Dodong) May 2 – 12 Typhoon 205 km/h (125 mph) 920 hPa (27.17 inHg) Caroline Islands, Philippines, Taiwan, Japan $23.5 million 2 [194]
Dolphin May 6 – 20 Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 925 hPa (27.32 inHg) Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands $10 million None [195]
Kujira June 19 – 25 Tropical storm 85 km/h (50 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Vietnam, China, Laos, Thailand $14.4 million 9 [60][61]
Chan-hom (Falcon) June 30 – July 13 Typhoon 165 km/h (105 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan
Taiwan, China, Korea, Russia		 $1.46 billion 6 [196][197]
Linfa (Egay) July 1 – 10 Severe tropical storm 100 km/h (65 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Philippines, Taiwan, China $218 million None [100][198]
TD July 1 – 2 Tropical depression Not specified 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Caroline Islands None None
Nangka July 3 – 18 Typhoon 185 km/h (115 mph) 925 hPa (27.31 inHg) Marshall Islands, Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Japan $10.4 million 2 [199]
Halola (Goring) July 13 – 26 Typhoon 150 km/h (90 mph) 955 hPa (28.35 inHg) Wake Island, Japan, Korea $1.2 million None
TD July 14 – 16 Tropical depression Not specified 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) None None None
TD July 18 – 20 Tropical depression Not specified 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Japan None None
TD July 20 Tropical depression Not specified 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) China None None
12W July 23 – 25 Tropical depression Not specified 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) Philippines None None
Soudelor (Hanna) July 29 – Currently active Typhoon 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) Northern Mariana Islands Unknown None
14W August 1 – Currently active Tropical depression Not specified 1008 hPa (29.77 inHg) None None None
Season aggregates
20 systems January 2 –
Currently active		 215 km/h (130 mph) 900 hPa (26.58 inHg) $1.74 billion 31

See also

References

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