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|altitude= 30 - 4000 m
|altitude= 30 - 4000 m
|ceiling=
|ceiling=
|speed= 600 m/s <ref name="News">{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jdw/jdw021202_1_n.shtml|title=SAM attack on jet reignites old fears|date=2002-12-02|accessdate=2009-02-09|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]|author=Robin Hughes}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref>
|speed= 600 m/s <ref name="News">{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jdw/jdw021202_1_n.shtml |title=SAM attack on jet reignites old fears |date=2002-12-02 |accessdate=2009-02-09 |publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]] |author=Robin Hughes |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20070831130040/http://www.janes.com:80/security/international_security/news/jdw/jdw021202_1_n.shtml |archivedate=August 31, 2007 }}</ref>
|guidance= [[Infra-red homing]] <ref name="Data" />
|guidance= [[Infra-red homing]] <ref name="Data" />
|launch_platform= Human, vehicle.
|launch_platform= Human, vehicle.
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'''Anza''' (عنزہ ''Anza'') is a series of [[shoulder-launched missile weapon|shoulder-fired]], [[MANPAD|man-portable]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s produced by Pakistan. Guided by an [[infra-red homing]] seeker, Anza is used for low level air defence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/news/publish/airforce/MBDA_Spada_2000_Air_Defence_System_for_Pakistan_Air_Force100013326.php|title=MBDA Spada 2000 Air Defence System for Pakistan Air Force|publisher=Defence Talk|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2007-09-11| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090203204801/http://defencetalk.com/news/publish/airforce/MBDA_Spada_2000_Air_Defence_System_for_Pakistan_Air_Force100013326.php| archivedate= 3 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/03/28/stories/03280002.htm|title=Pak. testfires missiles|author= B. Muralidhar Reddy|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2001-03-28}}</ref>
'''Anza''' (عنزہ ''Anza'') is a series of [[shoulder-launched missile weapon|shoulder-fired]], [[MANPAD|man-portable]] [[surface-to-air missile]]s produced by Pakistan. Guided by an [[infra-red homing]] seeker, Anza is used for low level air defence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defencetalk.com/news/publish/airforce/MBDA_Spada_2000_Air_Defence_System_for_Pakistan_Air_Force100013326.php|title=MBDA Spada 2000 Air Defence System for Pakistan Air Force|publisher=Defence Talk|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2007-09-11| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090203204801/http://defencetalk.com/news/publish/airforce/MBDA_Spada_2000_Air_Defence_System_for_Pakistan_Air_Force100013326.php| archivedate= 3 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2001/03/28/stories/03280002.htm|title=Pak. testfires missiles|author= B. Muralidhar Reddy|work=[[The Hindu]]|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2001-03-28}}</ref>


Anza is produced by [[Kahuta Research Laboratories|Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)]], being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects. Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issi.org.pk/journal/2004_files/no_4/article/5a.htm|title=PAKISTAN DEFENCE PRODUCTION: PROSPECTS FOR DEFENCE EXPORT|accessdate=2009-02-20|author=Malik Qasim Mustafa}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the [[Pakistan Army]],<ref name="Inventory" /> with the Mk-III version being the most recent.<ref name="Fact">{{cite news|url=http://fact.com.pk/archives/april/feng/anza.htm|title=Anza-III missile to end Indian dominance|accessdate=9 June 2013|publisher=The Fact}}</ref> The Anza is also offered for export, [[Malaysia]] being its only known export customer after receiving 100 Anza Mk-I in 2002 and, later, a further 500 Anza Mk-II systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/year_b_pdf/2004/2004SASCh3_full_en.pdf|title=Big Issue, Big Problems?|accessdate=2009-02-20| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090224213043/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/year_b_pdf/2004/2004SASCh3_full_en.pdf| archivedate= 24 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electro-Optic-Systems/IICS-Anza-Mk-II-low-altitude-surface-to-air-missile-system-Pakistan.html|title=IICS Anza Mk II low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (Pakistan), Land systems - Air defence - Missiles|date=2008-02-21|accessdate=2009-02-20|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]}}</ref>
Anza is produced by [[Kahuta Research Laboratories|Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL)]], being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects. Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.issi.org.pk/journal/2004_files/no_4/article/5a.htm |title=PAKISTAN DEFENCE PRODUCTION: PROSPECTS FOR DEFENCE EXPORT |accessdate=2009-02-20 |author=Malik Qasim Mustafa |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20080929145950/http://www.issi.org.pk:80/journal/2004_files/no_4/article/5a.htm |archivedate=September 29, 2008 }}</ref> Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the [[Pakistan Army]],<ref name="Inventory" /> with the Mk-III version being the most recent.<ref name="Fact">{{cite news|url=http://fact.com.pk/archives/april/feng/anza.htm|title=Anza-III missile to end Indian dominance|accessdate=9 June 2013|publisher=The Fact}}</ref> The Anza is also offered for export, [[Malaysia]] being its only known export customer after receiving 100 Anza Mk-I in 2002 and, later, a further 500 Anza Mk-II systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/year_b_pdf/2004/2004SASCh3_full_en.pdf|title=Big Issue, Big Problems?|accessdate=2009-02-20| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20090224213043/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/sas/publications/year_b_pdf/2004/2004SASCh3_full_en.pdf| archivedate= 24 February 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Electro-Optic-Systems/IICS-Anza-Mk-II-low-altitude-surface-to-air-missile-system-Pakistan.html|title=IICS Anza Mk II low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (Pakistan), Land systems - Air defence - Missiles|date=2008-02-21|accessdate=2009-02-20|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]}}</ref>


==Development and design==
==Development and design==
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;{{flag|Malaysia}}
;{{flag|Malaysia}}
* [[Malaysian Army]] - 100 Anza Mk-I systems, received in 2002. 500 Anza MK.II systems delivered as part of a [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]446 million arms deal with Pakistan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://militerium.com/latest/mengenal-ad-malaysia.html|title=MENGENAL AD MALAYSIA|author=MAH|accessdate=2009-02-09|date=2007-04-02}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> used to arm the [[10 Paratrooper Brigade (Malaysia)|10th Paratrooper Brigade]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-2290364_ITM|title=Anza Mk II anti-aircraft missile for elite Rapid Deployment Force|date=2003-10-15|accessdate=2009-02-09 | work=Worldsources Online}}</ref>
* [[Malaysian Army]] - 100 Anza Mk-I systems, received in 2002. 500 Anza MK.II systems delivered as part of a [[Malaysian ringgit|RM]]446 million arms deal with Pakistan,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://militerium.com/latest/mengenal-ad-malaysia.html |title=MENGENAL AD MALAYSIA |author=MAH |accessdate=2009-02-09 |date=2007-04-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20110714094217/http://militerium.com/latest/mengenal-ad-malaysia.html/ |archivedate=July 14, 2011 }}</ref> used to arm the [[10 Paratrooper Brigade (Malaysia)|10th Paratrooper Brigade]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-2290364_ITM|title=Anza Mk II anti-aircraft missile for elite Rapid Deployment Force|date=2003-10-15|accessdate=2009-02-09 | work=Worldsources Online}}</ref>


==Operational history==
==Operational history==

Revision as of 18:43, 11 January 2016

Anza
Anza Mk-II
TypeMan-portable air-defence system (MANPADS)
Place of originPakistan
Service history
In service1989-Present
Used bySee Operators
WarsKargil War
Production history
ManufacturerKahuta Research Laboratories (KRL) [1][2]
(or AQ Khan Research Laboratories) [2][3]
Produced1988 [4]
VariantsAnza Mk-I
Anza Mk-II
Anza Mk-III
Specifications (Anza Mk-II)
Mass16.5 kg [1]
Length1.44 m
Diameter7.2 cm
Warhead0.55 kg shaped charge [1]
EngineRocket motor
PropellantSolid propellant
Operational
range
500 - 5000 m
Flight altitude30 - 4000 m
Maximum speed 600 m/s [5]
Guidance
system
Infra-red homing [1]
Launch
platform
Human, vehicle.

Anza (عنزہ Anza) is a series of shoulder-fired, man-portable surface-to-air missiles produced by Pakistan. Guided by an infra-red homing seeker, Anza is used for low level air defence.[6][7]

Anza is produced by Kahuta Research Laboratories (KRL), being one of the facility's main conventional weapons projects. Development was originally undertaken to eliminate dependence on importing expensive foreign systems.[8] Various versions of the Anza are currently in service with the Pakistan Army,[9] with the Mk-III version being the most recent.[10] The Anza is also offered for export, Malaysia being its only known export customer after receiving 100 Anza Mk-I in 2002 and, later, a further 500 Anza Mk-II systems.[11][12]

Development and design

Some sources state that the Anza Mk-II was co-developed in a joint project by Pakistan and China.[13]

The Anza Mk-I entered service with the Pakistan Army in January 1990,[10][14][15] followed by the Anza Mk-II in September 1994.[15] Serial production of Anza Mk-III for the Pakistan Army was announced in 2006.

In recent years, Pakistan has advertised the Anza series for export,[16] displaying it at the International Defense Exhibition (IDEX) 2007 event in the United Arab Emirates [17] and at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition in Pakistan.[18][19]

Training aids

The Mk-II is known to have the ATS-II Training Simulator included, which consists of a set of four Mk-II training missiles, four firing units, simulated ground batteries, cable interconnectors, PC-based control, monitoring and scoring unit with a target simulator made up of an infrared electric bulb moving along an overhead wire.[20]

The High Speed Aerial Target Drone, or HISAT-DK, is a high speed, low maintenance target drone that can be used in training operators to use the Anza.[21] It is manned by a four-man crew using Optical Tracking Pod devices.[21] The drones can be used for MANPAD training, though they are also used for other purposes, such as artillery fire support training.[21]

Variants

  • Anza Mk-I - The first MANPADS produced by Pakistan for use by the Pakistan Army. Development is believed to have been assisted by China [22] ((citation needed/not mentioned in reference)) and the design is similar to the HN-5B MANPADS.[23] A British source the Anza is a copy of the SA-7 Grail.[24] Approximately 1000 Anza Mk-I were produced between 1989-1998.[4]
Anza Mk-II on display at the IDEAS 2008 defence exhibition, Pakistan.
  • Anza Mk-II - A third generation MANPADS,[25] believed to be based on the Chinese QW-1 MANPADS.[26] Uses a dual-band, cross-scan infra-red homing seeker to counter decoy flares.[27] Also believed to use American missile technology.[28] Approximately 1650 Anza Mk-II were produced between 1994-2012.[29]
  • Anza Mk-III - Believed to be based on the Chinese QW-2 MANPADS,[30] modifications made to meet Pakistan Army requirements include increased range up to 5 km, improved sensors and a new firing unit similar to the Russian 9K38 Igla MANPADS.[31][32]((non reliable sources)) All-aspect attack capability and improved ECCM capability.[10] It also has a vehicle-mounted launcher variant.

Operators

Map with Anza operators in blue

Current operators

 Pakistan
 Malaysia

Operational history

According to Pakistani claims on 27 May 1999, the Anza Mk-II was used to attack Indian aircraft during the Kargil conflict with India.But it was an American MANPAD used by Pakistani irregulars which shot down at least one MIG-21 of the Indian Air Force was shot down by Pakistan Army Air Defence forces. Pakistan also claimed shooting down a MiG-27 though India reported that it crashed due to engine failure.

Indians Military says that their MiG-21 was searching for MiG-27 pilot who ejected due to engine failure caused by Gun gas ingestion.[14]


In December 2002, The Indians local media sources claimed that their soldiers found an Anza Mk-I in a militant hideout near the Line of Control in Kupwara, Kashmir.[35] An Anza system had previously been found at a militant hideout by Indian Army soldiers in 2001. [36][37][38] In 2002, Indians again claimed that an Anza MANPADS was fired at an Indian Air Force Antonov An-32 over the Line of Control; the plane was able to land safely.[39]

In 2004, Saudi Assistant Minister for Defense Prince Khaled ibn Sultan of Saudi Arabia and Defense Minister Rao Sikandar Iqbal of Pakistan had been in talks for joint production of the Anza.[40]


In 2008, the Pakistan Army conducted exercises with the Anza Mk-II [41] in a semi-desert area near Muzaffargarh [42] in response to covert attacks on targets in north-west Pakistan by American unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), also known as drones.[43] In November 2008, the chief of the Pakistan Air Force told reporters that his forces are fully capable of shooting down the American drones but it was the responsibility of the government to decide whether the drone attacks were stopped through diplomacy or military engagement.[44] In the 2010 Azm-e-Nau 3 exercises, the air defence of Pakistan Army exhibited accurate targeting of enemy's aircraft while in its attacking position, with a pinpoint precision through shoulder operated system of Anza Missiles[45]

Specifications

Anza Mk-I [14] Anza Mk-II [15] Anza Mk-III
Length (missile and booster) 1.44 m 1.447 m 1.59 m
Weight (launcher and missile) 15 kg 16.5 kg 18 kg
Missile weight 9.8 kg 10.68 kg 11.32 kg
Propulsion Solid fuel rocket motor (solid fuel booster rocket on launch)
Guidance Uncooled PbS passive infra-red homing seeker Cooled InSb passive infra-red homing seeker Dual-band infra-red homing seeker
Warhead HE fragmentation
(containing 0.37 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing		 HE fragmentation
(containing 0.55 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing		 HE fragmentation
(containing 1.42 kg HE)
with contact and graze fusing
Average cruise speed 500 m/s 600 m/s >600 m/s
Max maneuvering 6 g 16 g
Self destruction time 14 to 17 s 14 to 18 s
Slant range 1,200 m to 4,200 m 500 m to 5,000 m 6,000 m
Altitude 50 m to 2300 m 30 m to 4,000 m 10 m to 3,500 m
Weapon reaction time 5 s 3.5 s 3.5 s
Ready from the march 10 s 10 s 10 s
Battery life 40 s 50 s 50 s

Comparable Systems

References

  1. ^ a b c d "PAF Weapons & Missiles". Pakistani Defence. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  2. ^ a b "Kahuta - Pakistan Special Weapons Facilities". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 14 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ "Over-View Of Pakistani Weapon Systems". Pakistani Defence. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  4. ^ a b "Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ Robin Hughes (2002-12-02). "SAM attack on jet reignites old fears". Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on August 31, 2007. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ "MBDA Spada 2000 Air Defence System for Pakistan Air Force". Defence Talk. 2007-09-11. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) [dead link]
  7. ^ B. Muralidhar Reddy (2001-03-28). "Pak. testfires missiles". The Hindu. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  8. ^ Malik Qasim Mustafa. "PAKISTAN DEFENCE PRODUCTION: PROSPECTS FOR DEFENCE EXPORT". Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ a b "Pakistan Armée Pakistanaise forces terrestres équipements et véhicules". Army Recognition (in French). Archived from the original on 2008-10-24. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  10. ^ a b c "Anza-III missile to end Indian dominance". The Fact. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  11. ^ "Big Issue, Big Problems?" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ "IICS Anza Mk II low-altitude surface-to-air missile system (Pakistan), Land systems - Air defence - Missiles". Jane's Information Group. 2008-02-21. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  13. ^ "Pakistan Needs Foreign Help to Develop Missiles". The Risk Report. 1 (8): 9. October 1995 – via Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control.
  14. ^ a b c John Pike (1999-03-21). "SA-7 GRAIL". FAS. Archived from the original on 3 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ a b c John Pike (1999-08-10). "QW-1". FAS. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  16. ^ Pakistan Pushing Military Exports (May 2005). "Pakistan Pushing Military Exports". National Defense. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  17. ^ Xinhua. "Pakistani defense industry in "perpetual quest" for international alliances: report". People's Daily. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  18. ^ "Special Supplement on IDEAS 2008 - Global Industrial and Defence Solutions (GIDS)". Financial Daily International. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  19. ^ "Global Industrial & Defence Solutions(GIDS)" (PDF). Asian Defence Journal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Training Simulator for Anza MK-II (ATS-II)". Defence Export Promotion Organisation. Retrieved 2009-02-07.
  21. ^ a b c "High Speed Aerial Target Drone, HISAT-DK". Defence Export Promotion Organization. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  22. ^ "China's Missile Exports and Assistance to South Asia". James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies. August 1999. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  23. ^ "HN-5 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile". 2007-12-21. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  24. ^ Cloughley, Brian. "Pak armour has edge over India". Jane's Intelligence Review. Jane's Information Group. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  25. ^ James C. "Chris" Whitmire. "SHOULDER LAUNCHED MISSILES (A.K.A. MANPADS): The Ominous Threat to Commercial Aviation" (PDF). USAF Counterproliferation Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ "QW-1 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile". Sino Defence. 2007-07-30. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  27. ^ Michael Puttré (2001-04-01). "Facing the Shoulder-Fired Threat". eDefenseonline.com & Horizon House Publications. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-10. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "Trends in Small Arms and Light Weapons Development: Non-Proliferation and Arms Control Dimensions". Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  29. ^ SIPRI Arms Transfers Database. "Transfers and licensed production of major conventional weapons". Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ "QW-2 Man-Portable Surface-to-Air Missile". Sino Defence. 2007-07-30. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  31. ^ "Pakistan builds on Chinese missile system". Punjab Kesari. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  32. ^ "China Hustles Stinger Tech to Pakistan". strategypage.com. May 31, 2006. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  33. ^ MAH (2007-04-02). "MENGENAL AD MALAYSIA". Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved 2009-02-09. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Anza Mk II anti-aircraft missile for elite Rapid Deployment Force". Worldsources Online. 2003-10-15. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  35. ^ "Missile found in Valley". The Telegraph. 2002-01-15. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  36. ^ "Jawans recover surface-to-air missile near LoC". J&K News. 2002-12-14. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  37. ^ Press Trust of India (2002-12-15). "Pak-made missile found at militant hideout in J-K". Express India. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  38. ^ "Missile found in Kashmir". BBC News. 2002-12-14. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
  39. ^ "WHAT'S HOT? –– ANALYSIS OF RECENT HAPPENINGS". INDIA DEFENCE CONSULTANTS. Archived from the original on 16 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ Mohammed Rasooldeen (2004-10-17). "More Saudi Soldiers to Be Trained in Pakistan". Arab News. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  41. ^ "Gilani says no agreement with US on drone attacks; army practice shoot downs". South Asia Monitor. Retrieved 2009-02-20. [dead link]
  42. ^ "Pakistan army flexes muscles to shoot down drone aircraft". Khaleej Times. 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  43. ^ "Pakistan army stages UAV shoot-down exercise". Army Times. 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
  44. ^ "'Pakistan capable of shooting down US drones'". Sindh Today. 2008-11-25. Retrieved 2009-02-20. [dead link]
  45. ^ "Pakistan air defence demonstrates Anza-II in Azm-e-Nau 3".

External links

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