Right-wing dictatorship: Difference between revisions
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|{{LIT}} || [[Lithuania|Republic of Lithuania]] || [[Lithuanian Nationalist Union]] || 1926{{ndash}}1940 || [[Antanas Smetona]] |
|{{LIT}} || [[Lithuania|Republic of Lithuania]] || [[Lithuanian Nationalist Union]] || 1926{{ndash}}1940 || [[Antanas Smetona]] |
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|{{NLD}} || [[The Netherlands|Reichskommissariat Niederlande]] || [[National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands]] || 1940{{ndash}}1945 || [[Anton Mussert]] |
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|{{NOR}} || [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen]] || [[Nasjonal Samling]] || 1940{{ndash}}1945 || [[Vidkun Quisling]] |
|{{NOR}} || [[Reichskommissariat Norwegen]] || [[Nasjonal Samling]] || 1940{{ndash}}1945 || [[Vidkun Quisling]] |
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|{{ROM}} || [[Kingdom of Romania]] || {{bulleted list|[[National Renaissance Front]] | Antonescu's government with the [[Iron Guard]] | None}} || {{bulleted list|1938{{ndash}}1940 | 1940{{ndash}}1941 | 1941{{ndash}}1944}} || {{bulleted list|[[Carol II of Romania|Carol II]] | [[Ion Antonescu]] with [[Horia Sima]] | Ion Antonescu}} |
|{{ROM}} || [[Kingdom of Romania]] || {{bulleted list|[[National Renaissance Front]] | Antonescu's government with the [[Iron Guard]] | None}} || {{bulleted list|1938{{ndash}}1940 | 1940{{ndash}}1941 | 1941{{ndash}}1944}} || {{bulleted list|[[Carol II of Romania|Carol II]] | [[Ion Antonescu]] with [[Horia Sima]] | Ion Antonescu}} |
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|{{SRB}} || [[Government of National Salvation|Serbia]] || {{bulleted list|None | [[Yugoslav National Movement]]}} || 1941{{ndash}}1945 || [[Milan Nedić]] |
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|{{SVK}} || {{bulleted list|[[Slovak Republic (1939{{ndash}}1945)|First Slovak Republic]] | [[Slovakia|Second Slovak Republic]]{{citation needed|date=February 2011}}}} || {{bulleted list|[[Slovak People's Party|Hlinka's Slovak People's Party{{snds}}Party of Slovak National Unity]] | [[People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia]]}} || {{bulleted list|1939{{ndash}}1945 | 1994{{ndash}}1998}} || {{bulleted list|[[Jozef Tiso]] | [[Vladimír Mečiar]] {{ref|1|[1]}}}} |
|{{SVK}} || {{bulleted list|[[Slovak Republic (1939{{ndash}}1945)|First Slovak Republic]] | [[Slovakia|Second Slovak Republic]]{{citation needed|date=February 2011}}}} || {{bulleted list|[[Slovak People's Party|Hlinka's Slovak People's Party{{snds}}Party of Slovak National Unity]] | [[People's Party – Movement for a Democratic Slovakia]]}} || {{bulleted list|1939{{ndash}}1945 | 1994{{ndash}}1998}} || {{bulleted list|[[Jozef Tiso]] | [[Vladimír Mečiar]] {{ref|1|[1]}}}} |
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|{{ESP}} || {{bulleted list|[[Spain under the Restoration|Kingdom of Spain]] | [[Spanish State|Spanish State/Kingdom of Spain]]}} || {{bulleted list|[[Spanish Patriotic Union]] | [[Falange]]}} || {{bulleted list|1923{{ndash}}1930 | 1939{{ndash}}1977}} || {{bulleted list|[[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] | [[Francisco Franco]]}} |
|{{ESP}} || {{bulleted list|[[Spain under the Restoration|Kingdom of Spain]] | [[Spanish State|Spanish State/Kingdom of Spain]]}} || {{bulleted list|[[Spanish Patriotic Union]] | [[Falange]]}} || {{bulleted list|1923{{ndash}}1930 | 1939{{ndash}}1977}} || {{bulleted list|[[Miguel Primo de Rivera]] | [[Francisco Franco]]}} |
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|{{YUG}} || [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] || {{bulleted list|Royal | [[Yugoslav Radical Union]]}} || 1929{{ndash}}1941 || {{bulleted list|[[Alexander I of Yugoslavia]] | [[Prince Paul of Yugoslavia]] | [[Milan Stojadinović]]}} |
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:{{Note|1}} Semi-authoritarian regime. |
:{{Note|1}} Semi-authoritarian regime. |
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:{{Note|2}} Semi-authoritarian regime in the years 1938{{ndash}}1940. |
:{{Note|2}} Semi-authoritarian regime in the years 1938{{ndash}}1940. |
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:{{Note|3}} Semi-authoritarian regime. |
:{{Note|3}} Semi-authoritarian regime. |
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==Asia== |
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===List of Asian right-wing dictatorships=== |
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{{original research|table|date=February 2011}} |
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! Country |
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! Historical name(s) |
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! Movement(s) |
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! Years of rule |
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! Dictator(s) |
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|{{ROC}} || [[Republic of China]] || [[Kuomintang]] || 1925{{ndash}}1989 || {{bulleted list| [[Chiang Kai-shek]] | [[Chiang Ching-kuo]]}} |
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|{{KOR}} || [[Supreme Council for National Reconstruction|Republic of Korea]] || Various || 1961{{ndash}}1987 || {{bulleted list|[[Park Chung-hee]] | [[Chun Doo-hwan]]}} |
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|{{JAP}} || [[Empire of Japan]] || [[Imperial Rule Assistance Association]] || 1930s{{ndash}}1945 || {{bulleted list|[[Fumimaro Konoe]] | [[Hideki Tojo]]}} |
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|{{PHI}} || [[Republic of the Philippines]] || {{bulleted list|[[Nacionalista Party]] | [[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan]]}} || 1965{{ndash}}1986 || [[Ferdinand Marcos]] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
Revision as of 20:24, 8 April 2016
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A right-wing dictatorship (sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship) is an authoritarian regime whose policy could be called rightist.
There are various definitions of the term "rightist." The broadest one includes all dictatorships that do not consider themselves communist. Those are usually pro-capitalist in economic matters and conservative in ideological ones.
The term fascist dictatorship is sometimes used interchangeably with the right-wing one. It is commonly accepted that Nazi Germany and the Kingdom of Italy were ruled by fascist governments at some points of their history; how it refers to other right-wing regimes is a question of further debate. The Estado Novo in Portugal was a right-wing dictatorship which was corporatist in nature (much like Mussolini's fascism). Most South American dictatorships, during the second half of the 20th century, were right-wing: Pinochet, the Brazilian Military Government, etc. There have also been a number of military dictatorships installed by anti-communists which were generally conservative and rightist.
Military government
In the most common Western view, the perfect example of a right-wing dictatorship is any of those that once ruled in South America. Those regimes were predominantly military juntas and most of them collapsed in the 1980s. Communist countries, which were very cautious about not revealing their authoritarian methods of rule to the public, were usually led by civilian governments and officers taking power were not much welcomed there. Few exceptions include the Burmese Way to Socialism (Burma, 1966–1988), the Military Council of National Salvation (People's Republic of Poland, 1981–1983) or the North Korean regime's evolution throughout the rule of Kim Il-sung.
Religion and the government
Most right-wing regimes kept strong ties with local Churches (usually the Roman Catholic ones since most of those regimes happened in Catholic countries). This policy of a strong Church-state alliance is usually referred to as Austrofascism. The most pro-Catholic dictatorships were Portugal (1933–1974) and the Federal State of Austria (1934–1938). Non-Christian dictatorships include those in the Muslim world; the most famous being Iran since the revolution of 1979. There are several other examples of theocratic (and, therefore, right-wing) regimes in the region, like Somalia[clarification needed] or Afghanistan under the Taliban. While it is unclear whether a monarchy could be called a dictatorship, theocratic absolute monarchies of Saudi Arabia or Vatican City share many similarities with the regimes mentioned above. Many of those are/were led by spiritual leaders; examples include the Slovak Republic under the Reverend Josef Tiso or Iran under the Ayatollahs Khomeini (1979–1989) and Khamenei (1989–present). Some right-wing dictatorships, most notably the Nazi Germany in Germany, and some other, like the pre-revolutionary Pahlavis' Iranian regime, even openly anti-religious.
Europe
In some post-communist countries, people involved in the previous regime took power in the years following the end of the Cold War. The most famous example of a European dictatorship of that sort is Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko.[clarification needed] Belarus and Azerbaijan were both considered "authoritarian regimes" by the Democracy Index as of 2008. Freedom House marks them "not-free states" together with Russia, so whether Russia is a dictatorship or just a seriously flawed democracy is a question of further debate. All three governments are non-communist and, especially in Russia, sometimes stay in total opposition to the communist parties. Therefore, they[original research?] could be called right-wing as well.
List of European right-wing dictatorships
Considering a right-wing dictatorship any non-democratic (non-parliamentary or pseudo-parliamentary political system, suppression of basic freedoms such as association and speech, prosecution of opponents, etc.) regime that is not communist, the list of European examples would be as following:
This table possibly contains original research. (February 2011) |
- ^ Semi-authoritarian regime.
- ^ Semi-authoritarian regime in the years 1938–1940.
- ^ Semi-authoritarian regime.
Asia
List of Asian right-wing dictatorships
This table possibly contains original research. (February 2011) |
Country | Historical name(s) | Movement(s) | Years of rule | Dictator(s) |
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Republic of China | Republic of China | Kuomintang | 1925–1989 | |
South Korea | Republic of Korea | Various | 1961–1987 | |
Japan | Empire of Japan | Imperial Rule Assistance Association | 1930s–1945 | |
Philippines | Republic of the Philippines | 1965–1986 | Ferdinand Marcos |