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==Substellar companion==
==Substellar companion==
Observations of the substellar object were performed on January 25, 1998 where a faint red companion was present 16.2 arc seconds southwest of the star. A comparison of images taken at different wavelengths was done using low-intermediate-resolution [[spectroscopy]] confirmed the presence of a substellar object which was named '''G 196-3B'''. The Further observations confirmed the discovery when the team of Rafael Rebolo obtained [[Photometry (astronomy)|R & I broadband photometry]] on March 19, 1998. The TCS Telescope showed its very cool nature in near-infrared (K Band). The comparison of the optical and infrared magnitudes including dust condensation has allowed [[astronomer]]s to conclude that the substellar object was 25–10+15 Jupiter masses or simply 25 masses that of the Jovian-planet [[Jupiter]]. This was the second<ref>{{cite web|title=G196-3B : the second discovery of a brown dwarf around a low-mass star| url=http://www.iac.es/telescopes/cain/cain_resultados.html#G196-3B%20:%20the%20second%20discovery%20of%20a%20brown%20dwarf%20around%20a%20low-ma|work=Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)|accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Lithium in Brown Dwarfs |page=299| bibcode=2000IAUS..198..299R|author=R. Rebolo|journal=The Light Elements and their Evolution, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 198, held 22-26 Nov 1999, Natal, Brazil. Edited by L. da silva, R. de Medeiros, & M Spite, 2000|volume=198|date=2000}}</ref> discovery of a [[brown dwarf]] that was found around a low-mass star whose age<ref>{{cite web|title=ING Scientific Highlights in 1998|url=http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/AR1998/high_98.html|work=Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes|accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref> was relatively young. The separation of the star and the substellar object has suggested that both were parts of a fragment from a [[Molecular cloud|collapsing cloud]] although another possible scenario suggests that it originated from a dissipated [[protoplanetary disk]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Resultados más relevantes|url= http://www.iac.es/telescopes/cain/cain_resultados.html| work=IAC|accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G 196-3|url= http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/282/5392/1309|work=Science Mag|accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= 196-3B| url= http://www.extrasolar.net/planettour.asp?StarCatID=browndwarf&PlanetID=98|work= ExtraSolar.net| accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1086/379849|last1= McGovern|first1= Mark R.|last2= Kirkpatrick|first2= J. Davy|last3= McLean|first3= Ian S.|last4= Burgasser|first4= Adam J.|last5= Prato|first5= L.|last6= Lowrance|first6= Patrick J.|title= Identifying Young Brown Dwarfs Using Gravity-Sensitive Spectral Features|url= http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/600/2/1020/17726.text.html|journal= The Astrophysical Journal|volume=600|issue= 2|pages=1020–1024|date=2004|bibcode=2004ApJ...600.1020M|arxiv = astro-ph/0309634 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Discovery of Young Dwarf L Binary|author1=Allers|author2=Liu|author3=Dupuy|author4=Cushing|date=2009|volume=715|issue=561|journal=Astrophysical Journal|arxiv=0912.4687|bibcode = 2010ApJ...715..561A |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/561 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2MASSW J1004207+502300 - Brown Dwarf |url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=G+196-3B| work=SIMBAD| accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref>
Observations of the substellar object were performed on January 25, 1998 where a faint red companion was present 16.2 arc seconds southwest of the star. A comparison of images taken at different wavelengths was done using low-intermediate-resolution [[spectroscopy]] confirmed the presence of a substellar object which was named '''G 196-3B'''. The Further observations confirmed the discovery when the team of Rafael Rebolo obtained [[Photometry (astronomy)|R & I broadband photometry]] on March 19, 1998. The TCS Telescope showed its very cool nature in near-infrared (K Band). The comparison of the optical and infrared magnitudes including dust condensation has allowed [[astronomer]]s to conclude that the substellar object was 25–10+15 Jupiter masses or simply 25 masses that of the Jovian-planet [[Jupiter]]. This was the second<ref>{{cite web|title=G196-3B : the second discovery of a brown dwarf around a low-mass star| url=http://www.iac.es/telescopes/cain/cain_resultados.html#G196-3B%20:%20the%20second%20discovery%20of%20a%20brown%20dwarf%20around%20a%20low-ma|work=Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)|accessdate=2010-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Lithium in Brown Dwarfs |page=299| bibcode=2000IAUS..198..299R|author=R. Rebolo|journal=The Light Elements and their Evolution, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 198, held 22-26 Nov 1999, Natal, Brazil. Edited by L. da silva, R. de Medeiros, & M Spite, 2000|volume=198|date=2000}}</ref> discovery of a [[brown dwarf]] that was found around a low-mass star whose age<ref>{{cite web|title=ING Scientific Highlights in 1998|url=http://www.ing.iac.es/PR/AR1998/high_98.html|work=Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes|accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref> was relatively young. The separation of the star and the substellar object has suggested that both were parts of a fragment from a [[Molecular cloud|collapsing cloud]] although another possible scenario suggests that it originated from a dissipated [[protoplanetary disk]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Resultados más relevantes|url= http://www.iac.es/telescopes/cain/cain_resultados.html| work=IAC|accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G 196-3|url= http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/282/5392/1309|work=Science Mag|accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=196-3B |url=http://www.extrasolar.net/planettour.asp?StarCatID=browndwarf&PlanetID=98 |work=ExtraSolar.net |accessdate=2010-02-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100921160746/http://extrasolar.net/planettour.asp?StarCatID=browndwarf&PlanetID=98 |archivedate=2010-09-21 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi= 10.1086/379849|last1= McGovern|first1= Mark R.|last2= Kirkpatrick|first2= J. Davy|last3= McLean|first3= Ian S.|last4= Burgasser|first4= Adam J.|last5= Prato|first5= L.|last6= Lowrance|first6= Patrick J.|title= Identifying Young Brown Dwarfs Using Gravity-Sensitive Spectral Features|url= http://www.iop.org/EJ/article/0004-637X/600/2/1020/17726.text.html|journal= The Astrophysical Journal|volume=600|issue= 2|pages=1020–1024|date=2004|bibcode=2004ApJ...600.1020M|arxiv = astro-ph/0309634 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Discovery of Young Dwarf L Binary|author1=Allers|author2=Liu|author3=Dupuy|author4=Cushing|date=2009|volume=715|issue=561|journal=Astrophysical Journal|arxiv=0912.4687|bibcode = 2010ApJ...715..561A |doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/561 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2MASSW J1004207+502300 - Brown Dwarf |url=http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=G+196-3B| work=SIMBAD| accessdate=2010-02-18}}</ref>


{{OrbitboxPlanet begin}}
{{OrbitboxPlanet begin}}

Revision as of 00:20, 7 January 2017

G 196-3
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Ursa Major
Right ascension 10h 04m 21.49s
Declination −21° 50′ 37.8″
Apparent magnitude (V) 13.3
Characteristics
Spectral type M3V
U−B color index +1.67
B−V color index +1.16
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)11.7 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: –127.00 mas/yr
Dec.: –183.00 mas/yr
Absolute magnitude (MV)13.33
Other designations

G 196-3 is a young low-mass M dwarf type star which is about 100 million years old. The star is located within the Ursa Major constellation about 50.2 light years away from the Earth. During observations by Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias in Tenerife, Spain in 1998, a substellar-mass object was discovered to orbit approximately 300 astronomical units (AU) from the star. It was detected using direct imaging.[1][2][3][4]

Substellar companion

Observations of the substellar object were performed on January 25, 1998 where a faint red companion was present 16.2 arc seconds southwest of the star. A comparison of images taken at different wavelengths was done using low-intermediate-resolution spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a substellar object which was named G 196-3B. The Further observations confirmed the discovery when the team of Rafael Rebolo obtained R & I broadband photometry on March 19, 1998. The TCS Telescope showed its very cool nature in near-infrared (K Band). The comparison of the optical and infrared magnitudes including dust condensation has allowed astronomers to conclude that the substellar object was 25–10+15 Jupiter masses or simply 25 masses that of the Jovian-planet Jupiter. This was the second[5][6] discovery of a brown dwarf that was found around a low-mass star whose age[7] was relatively young. The separation of the star and the substellar object has suggested that both were parts of a fragment from a collapsing cloud although another possible scenario suggests that it originated from a dissipated protoplanetary disk.[8][9][10][11][12][13]

The G 196-3 planetary system
Companion
(in order from star) 		Mass Semimajor axis
(AU) 		Orbital period
(days) 		Eccentricity Inclination Radius
B ≥25 MJ 1.186 280 0.120 — —

See also

References

  1. ^ Rafael Rebolo; et al. (1998). "Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G 196-3". Science. 282 (5392): 1309. arXiv:astro-ph/9811413. Bibcode:1998Sci...282.1309R. doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1309.
  2. ^ Kirkpatrick, J. D.; Gizis, J. E.; Burgasser, A. J.; Wilson, J. C.; Dahn, C. C.; Monet, D. G.; Reid, I. N.; Liebert, J. (2001). "Low-Luminosity Companions to Nearby Stars: Status of the 2MASS Data Search; Ultracool Dwarfs: New Spectral Types L and T. Edited by Hugh R. A. Jones and Iain A. Steele. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer". SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS): 125. Bibcode:2001udns.conf..125K.
  3. ^ "G 196-3 - High proper-motion Star". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  4. ^ "Lowell Proper Motion Survey 8991 Northern Stars (Giclas 1971) ReadMe". Centre de Donnes Astronomiques. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  5. ^ "G196-3B : the second discovery of a brown dwarf around a low-mass star". Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC). Retrieved 2010-02-22.
  6. ^ R. Rebolo (2000). "Lithium in Brown Dwarfs". The Light Elements and their Evolution, Proceedings of IAU Symposium 198, held 22-26 Nov 1999, Natal, Brazil. Edited by L. da silva, R. de Medeiros, & M Spite, 2000. 198: 299. Bibcode:2000IAUS..198..299R.
  7. ^ "ING Scientific Highlights in 1998". Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  8. ^ "Resultados más relevantes". IAC. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  9. ^ "Discovery of a Low-Mass Brown Dwarf Companion of the Young Nearby Star G 196-3". Science Mag. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  10. ^ "196-3B". ExtraSolar.net. Archived from the original on 2010-09-21. Retrieved 2010-02-18. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ McGovern, Mark R.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; McLean, Ian S.; Burgasser, Adam J.; Prato, L.; Lowrance, Patrick J. (2004). "Identifying Young Brown Dwarfs Using Gravity-Sensitive Spectral Features". The Astrophysical Journal. 600 (2): 1020–1024. arXiv:astro-ph/0309634. Bibcode:2004ApJ...600.1020M. doi:10.1086/379849.
  12. ^ Allers; Liu; Dupuy; Cushing (2009). "Discovery of Young Dwarf L Binary". Astrophysical Journal. 715 (561). arXiv:0912.4687. Bibcode:2010ApJ...715..561A. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/715/1/561.
  13. ^ "2MASSW J1004207+502300 - Brown Dwarf". SIMBAD. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
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