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Coordinates: 51°26′17″N 2°51′14″W / 51.438°N 2.854°W / 51.438; -2.854
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[[Wain's Hill]] is an [[univallate]] [[Iron Age]] hill fort situated approximately {{convert|1|mi}} south-west of Clevedon. The hill fort is defined by a steep, natural slope from the south and north with two ramparts to the east.<ref name="wains">{{cite web|title=Wain's Hill fort |url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=192815 |work=National Monuments Record |publisher=[[English Heritage]] |accessdate=6 March 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002080646/http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=192815 |archivedate= 2 October 2012 |df= }}</ref>
[[Wain's Hill]] is an [[univallate]] [[Iron Age]] hill fort situated approximately {{convert|1|mi}} south-west of Clevedon. The hill fort is defined by a steep, natural slope from the south and north with two ramparts to the east.<ref name="wains">{{cite web|title=Wain's Hill fort |url=http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=192815 |work=National Monuments Record |publisher=[[English Heritage]] |accessdate=6 March 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002080646/http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=192815 |archivedate= 2 October 2012 |df= }}</ref>


The [[Domesday Book]] mentions Clevedon as a holding of a [[tenant-in-chief]] by the name of Mathew of Mortaigne,<ref name="somersetguide2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.somersetguide.co.uk/Clevedon/ |title=Clevedon&nbsp;— Somerset, UK |publisher=Somersetguide.co.uk |date=21 July 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2009}}</ref> with eight villagers and ten [[smallholding|smallholders]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clevedon-civic-society.org.uk/Content/medieval.html |title=Medieval Times |author= |work= |publisher=Clevedon Civic Society |accessdate=21 August 2010}}</ref> The parish of Clevedon formed part of the [[Portbury (hundred)|Portbury]] [[Hundred (county subdivision)|Hundred]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Somerset Hundreds |url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/ |publisher=GENUKI |accessdate=19 October 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119134349/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/ |archivedate=19 January 2012 |df= }}</ref>
The [[Domesday Book]] mentions Clevedon as a holding of a [[tenant-in-chief]] by the name of Mathew of Mortaigne,<ref name="somersetguide2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.somersetguide.co.uk/Clevedon/ |title=Clevedon&nbsp;— Somerset, UK |publisher=Somersetguide.co.uk |date=21 July 2007 |accessdate=25 April 2009}}</ref> with eight villagers and ten [[smallholding|smallholders]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedon-civic-society.org.uk/Content/medieval.html |title=Medieval Times |author= |work= |publisher=Clevedon Civic Society |accessdate=21 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726052933/http://www.clevedon-civic-society.org.uk/Content/medieval.html |archivedate=26 July 2011 |df= }}</ref> The parish of Clevedon formed part of the [[Portbury (hundred)|Portbury]] [[Hundred (county subdivision)|Hundred]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Somerset Hundreds |url=http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/ |publisher=GENUKI |accessdate=19 October 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119134349/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/SOM/Miscellaneous/ |archivedate=19 January 2012 |df= }}</ref>


The small rivers the [[Land Yeo]] and [[Middle Yeo]] supported at least two mills. The Tuck Mills lay in the fields south of [[Clevedon Court]] and were used for [[fulling]] cloth. The other mills, near [[Wain's Hill]], probably date from the early 17th century.<ref name="poole">{{cite web|last1=Poole|first1=Ruth | first2=Norma |last2=Knight|first3= Phyllis |last3=Horman|first4= Wilfred |last4=Rew|first5= Jane |last5=Lilly|title=Mills on the Land Yeo: Further discoveries|url=http://somersetrivers.org/PDF/MillsOnTheLandYeoFurther.pdf|publisher=Nailsea and District Local History Society|accessdate=28 April 2011}}</ref>
The small rivers the [[Land Yeo]] and [[Middle Yeo]] supported at least two mills. The Tuck Mills lay in the fields south of [[Clevedon Court]] and were used for [[fulling]] cloth. The other mills, near [[Wain's Hill]], probably date from the early 17th century.<ref name="poole">{{cite web|last1=Poole|first1=Ruth | first2=Norma |last2=Knight|first3= Phyllis |last3=Horman|first4= Wilfred |last4=Rew|first5= Jane |last5=Lilly|title=Mills on the Land Yeo: Further discoveries|url=http://somersetrivers.org/PDF/MillsOnTheLandYeoFurther.pdf|publisher=Nailsea and District Local History Society|accessdate=28 April 2011}}</ref>
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During the [[Victorian era]] Clevedon became a popular [[seaside resort|seaside town]]; before that it had been an agricultural village.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Clevedon |url=http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/history.html |publisher=Clevedon Town Council |accessdate=30 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807224454/http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/history.html |archivedate= 7 August 2010 |df= }}</ref> The Victorian craze for bathing in the sea was catered for in the late 19th century by [[Lido|saltwater baths]] adjacent to the pier (since demolished, though the foundations remain), and [[bathing machine]]s on the main beach.<ref>{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Rob|title=Clevedon: Medieval Manor to Victorian Resort |year=2009|publisher=Matador|isbn=978-1-84876-175-9|pages=216|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FrEOL0j4qH8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Clevedon+bathing+machines&q=Clevedon%20bathing%20machines|author2=Clevedon Civic Society|accessdate=21 August 2010}}</ref>
During the [[Victorian era]] Clevedon became a popular [[seaside resort|seaside town]]; before that it had been an agricultural village.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Clevedon |url=http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/history.html |publisher=Clevedon Town Council |accessdate=30 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100807224454/http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/history.html |archivedate= 7 August 2010 |df= }}</ref> The Victorian craze for bathing in the sea was catered for in the late 19th century by [[Lido|saltwater baths]] adjacent to the pier (since demolished, though the foundations remain), and [[bathing machine]]s on the main beach.<ref>{{cite book|last=Campbell|first=Rob|title=Clevedon: Medieval Manor to Victorian Resort |year=2009|publisher=Matador|isbn=978-1-84876-175-9|pages=216|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FrEOL0j4qH8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Clevedon+bathing+machines&q=Clevedon%20bathing%20machines|author2=Clevedon Civic Society|accessdate=21 August 2010}}</ref>


[[File:Clevedon Pier, Clevedon.jpg|thumb|left|[[Clevedon Pier]], which opened in 1869]]Clevedon was home to St Edith's children's home for almost 100 years until it closed in 1974. The building on Dial Hill is [[Listed building|listed]],<ref>{{cite web|title=St Edith's Orphanage|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=33049|work=[[Images of England]]|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|accessdate=24 August 2010}}</ref> and therefore the outside has changed little, but it now houses privately owned flats. The home was run by nuns from the [[Community of the Sisters of the Church]], an international body of women within the Anglican Communion, living under the gospel values of [[poverty, chastity and obedience]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Clevedon|url=http://www.sistersofthechurch.org/uk/Clevedon_UK.html|publisher=Community of the sisters of the church|accessdate=24 August 2010}}</ref>
[[File:Clevedon Pier, Clevedon.jpg|thumb|left|[[Clevedon Pier]], which opened in 1869]]Clevedon was home to St Edith's children's home for almost 100 years until it closed in 1974. The building on Dial Hill is [[Listed building|listed]],<ref>{{cite web|title=St Edith's Orphanage|url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=33049|work=[[Images of England]]|publisher=[[English Heritage]]|accessdate=24 August 2010}}</ref> and therefore the outside has changed little, but it now houses privately owned flats. The home was run by nuns from the [[Community of the Sisters of the Church]], an international body of women within the Anglican Communion, living under the gospel values of [[poverty, chastity and obedience]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Clevedon |url=http://www.sistersofthechurch.org/uk/Clevedon_UK.html |publisher=Community of the sisters of the church |accessdate=24 August 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727122459/http://www.sistersofthechurch.org/uk/Clevedon_UK.html |archivedate=27 July 2011 |df= }}</ref>


The first large-scale production of [[penicillin]] took place in the town.<ref name="somersetguide2007"/> In 1938 [[Howard Florey]] was working at [[Lincoln College, Oxford|Lincoln College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] with [[Ernst Boris Chain]] and [[Norman Heatley]], when he read [[Alexander Fleming]]'s paper discussing the antibacterial effects of ''[[Penicillium chrysogenum|Penicillium notatum]]'' mould. He made arrangements for this to be grown in deep culture tanks at the [[Medical Research Council (UK)|Medical Research Council]]'s Antibiotic Research Station in Clevedon, enabling mass production of this mould for the injections of the forthcoming soldiers of World War II who suffered from infections.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|title=Drug Discovery: A History|publisher=WileyBlackwell|year=2005|page=296|chapter=Drugs from naturally occurring prototypes: Drugs from micro-organisms|isbn=978-0-471-89980-8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mYQxRY9umjcC&pg=PA296&lpg=PA296&dq=production+of+Penicillin+clevedon&q=production%20of%20Penicillin%20clevedon}}</ref>
The first large-scale production of [[penicillin]] took place in the town.<ref name="somersetguide2007"/> In 1938 [[Howard Florey]] was working at [[Lincoln College, Oxford|Lincoln College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford University]] with [[Ernst Boris Chain]] and [[Norman Heatley]], when he read [[Alexander Fleming]]'s paper discussing the antibacterial effects of ''[[Penicillium chrysogenum|Penicillium notatum]]'' mould. He made arrangements for this to be grown in deep culture tanks at the [[Medical Research Council (UK)|Medical Research Council]]'s Antibiotic Research Station in Clevedon, enabling mass production of this mould for the injections of the forthcoming soldiers of World War II who suffered from infections.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|title=Drug Discovery: A History|publisher=WileyBlackwell|year=2005|page=296|chapter=Drugs from naturally occurring prototypes: Drugs from micro-organisms|isbn=978-0-471-89980-8|url=https://books.google.com/?id=mYQxRY9umjcC&pg=PA296&lpg=PA296&dq=production+of+Penicillin+clevedon&q=production%20of%20Penicillin%20clevedon}}</ref>
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==Economy==
==Economy==
[[File:Horses and Carts used for general haulage 1910 Clevedon UK.jpg|thumbnail|right|Horse and carts used by Yeates Removals in 1910]]
[[File:Horses and Carts used for general haulage 1910 Clevedon UK.jpg|thumbnail|right|Horse and carts used by Yeates Removals in 1910]]
Clevedon has some light industry, mainly in industrial estates including Hither Green Trading Estate near the [[M5 motorway]] junction, and it is also a [[Commuter town|dormitory town]] for [[Bristol]]. The [[Clerical Medical]] pensions and investments group, part of [[HBOS]], had its headquarters in the town on the former site of the Hales Cakes factory, but after its closure, North Somerset Council entered into talks to take over the lease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/clevedon/news/Council-eyes-Clerical-office/article-1246479-detail/article.html |title=North Somerset Council to take over Clerical Medical Castlewood &#124; Clevedon news |publisher=This is Somerset |date=10 August 2009 |accessdate=14 August 2009}}</ref> Percy Daniel & Co is a firm of organ builders, whose work includes the instrument in [[Brentwood Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwood-music.org.uk/organs/brent.htm|title=The Organ in Brentwood Cathedral|publisher=Brentwood Cathedral Music|accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref>
Clevedon has some light industry, mainly in industrial estates including Hither Green Trading Estate near the [[M5 motorway]] junction, and it is also a [[Commuter town|dormitory town]] for [[Bristol]]. The [[Clerical Medical]] pensions and investments group, part of [[HBOS]], had its headquarters in the town on the former site of the Hales Cakes factory, but after its closure, North Somerset Council entered into talks to take over the lease.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/clevedon/news/Council-eyes-Clerical-office/article-1246479-detail/article.html |title=North Somerset Council to take over Clerical Medical Castlewood &#124; Clevedon news |publisher=This is Somerset |date=10 August 2009 |accessdate=14 August 2009}}</ref> Percy Daniel & Co is a firm of organ builders, whose work includes the instrument in [[Brentwood Cathedral]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brentwood-music.org.uk/organs/brent.htm |title=The Organ in Brentwood Cathedral |publisher=Brentwood Cathedral Music |accessdate=30 April 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331090103/http://www.brentwood-music.org.uk/organs/brent.htm |archivedate=31 March 2009 |df= }}</ref>


[[Yeates Removals]] was established in 1910 using horses and carts for general haulage in Clevedon and the surrounding areas. The removals company has always been run by family members and is currently headed up by James Griffin who took over from his father John in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://innorthsomerset.co.uk/case-studies/yeates-removals-storage-shredding |title=Yeates Removals, Storage & Shredding, Clevedon |publisher=InNorthSomerset |date=10 August 2015 |accessdate=14 August 2015}}</ref>
[[Yeates Removals]] was established in 1910 using horses and carts for general haulage in Clevedon and the surrounding areas. The removals company has always been run by family members and is currently headed up by James Griffin who took over from his father John in 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://innorthsomerset.co.uk/case-studies/yeates-removals-storage-shredding |title=Yeates Removals, Storage & Shredding, Clevedon |publisher=InNorthSomerset |date=10 August 2015 |accessdate=14 August 2015}}</ref>
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==Landmarks==
==Landmarks==
[[File:Clevedon Pier Dec09.jpg|alt=Metal pier standing on thin legs rising from the sea. Beach in the foreground|thumbnail|left|[[Clevedon Pier]] and the [[River Severn|Severn estuary]]. Wales can be seen on the horizon]]
[[File:Clevedon Pier Dec09.jpg|alt=Metal pier standing on thin legs rising from the sea. Beach in the foreground|thumbnail|left|[[Clevedon Pier]] and the [[River Severn|Severn estuary]]. Wales can be seen on the horizon]]
[[Clevedon Pier]] was opened on Easter Monday 1869,<ref name="somharbours">{{cite book |title=Somerset Harbours |last=Farr |first=Grahame |authorlink= |year=1954 |publisher=Christopher Johnson |location=London |isbn= |page=65 }}</ref><ref name="IoEpier">{{cite web |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=33103 |title=The Pier, including the Tollhouse |accessdate=20 February 2008 |work=Images of England }}</ref> one of the earliest examples of a Victorian [[pier]] still in existence in the United Kingdom. After a set of legs collapsed during an insurance load check on 17 October 1970, it fell into disrepair until in 1985 the pier was dismantled and taken to [[Portishead, Somerset|Portishead]] dock for restoration, and was rebuilt in 1986. In 2001, the pier was upgraded to a grade 1 [[listed building]],<ref name="IoEpier"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.n-somerset.gov.uk/cairo/docs/doc11467.htm|title=Royal Pier Hotel, Marine Parade, Clevedon|date=8 December 2005|publisher=North Somerset Council|accessdate=25 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1761210.stm|title=Pier wins top listing|date=15 January 2002|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|accessdate=25 October 2008}}</ref> The [[PS Waverley|Paddle Steamer Waverley]] and [[MV Balmoral|Motor Vessel Balmoral]] offer day sea trips from Clevedon Pier to various destinations along the [[Bristol Channel]] and [[River Severn|Severn estuary]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.clevedonpier.com/boattrips.htm |title=Boat trips |author= |work= |publisher=Clevedon pier and heritage trust |accessdate=10 May 2010}}</ref> Adjoining the pier and contemporary with it is the Toll House, built in the style of a folly castle and provided as accommodation for the pier-master.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-33103-the-pier-including-the-tollhouse-clevedon|title=Pier and Toll House, Clevedon|publisher=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk|date=28 May 2011}}</ref>
[[Clevedon Pier]] was opened on Easter Monday 1869,<ref name="somharbours">{{cite book |title=Somerset Harbours |last=Farr |first=Grahame |authorlink= |year=1954 |publisher=Christopher Johnson |location=London |isbn= |page=65 }}</ref><ref name="IoEpier">{{cite web |url=http://www.imagesofengland.org.uk/Details/Default.aspx?id=33103 |title=The Pier, including the Tollhouse |accessdate=20 February 2008 |work=Images of England }}</ref> one of the earliest examples of a Victorian [[pier]] still in existence in the United Kingdom. After a set of legs collapsed during an insurance load check on 17 October 1970, it fell into disrepair until in 1985 the pier was dismantled and taken to [[Portishead, Somerset|Portishead]] dock for restoration, and was rebuilt in 1986. In 2001, the pier was upgraded to a grade 1 [[listed building]],<ref name="IoEpier"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.n-somerset.gov.uk/cairo/docs/doc11467.htm |title=Royal Pier Hotel, Marine Parade, Clevedon |date=8 December 2005 |publisher=North Somerset Council |accessdate=25 October 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927022453/http://www.n-somerset.gov.uk/cairo/docs/doc11467.htm |archivedate=27 September 2007 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1761210.stm|title=Pier wins top listing|date=15 January 2002|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|accessdate=25 October 2008}}</ref> The [[PS Waverley|Paddle Steamer Waverley]] and [[MV Balmoral|Motor Vessel Balmoral]] offer day sea trips from Clevedon Pier to various destinations along the [[Bristol Channel]] and [[River Severn|Severn estuary]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedonpier.com/boattrips.htm |title=Boat trips |author= |work= |publisher=Clevedon pier and heritage trust |accessdate=10 May 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831231815/http://www.clevedonpier.com/boattrips.htm |archivedate=31 August 2010 |df= }}</ref> Adjoining the pier and contemporary with it is the Toll House, built in the style of a folly castle and provided as accommodation for the pier-master.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-33103-the-pier-including-the-tollhouse-clevedon|title=Pier and Toll House, Clevedon|publisher=britishlistedbuildings.co.uk|date=28 May 2011}}</ref>


[[File:Geograph-2011243-by-Brian-Robert-Marshall.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Toll House]]
[[File:Geograph-2011243-by-Brian-Robert-Marshall.jpg|thumb|upright|right|Toll House]]
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==Sport==
==Sport==
Because of its location watersports are a feature of the local scene. Clevedon Canoe Club is based at the marine lake and facilitates sea paddling trips along the North Somerset coast on the [[Severn Estuary]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedoncanoeclub.org.uk/localinfo.php|title=Clevedon Canoe Club|publisher=Clevedon Canoe Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> and to other sites such as the [[Wye Valley]] and [[Woolacombe]]. Nearby is based the Clevedon Sailing Club.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedon-sailing-club.co.uk/|title=Clevedon Sailing Club|publisher=Clevedon Sailing Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref>
Because of its location watersports are a feature of the local scene. Clevedon Canoe Club is based at the marine lake and facilitates sea paddling trips along the North Somerset coast on the [[Severn Estuary]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedoncanoeclub.org.uk/localinfo.php |title=Clevedon Canoe Club |publisher=Clevedon Canoe Club |accessdate=30 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305105017/http://www.clevedoncanoeclub.org.uk/localinfo.php |archivedate=5 March 2012 |df= }}</ref> and to other sites such as the [[Wye Valley]] and [[Woolacombe]]. Nearby is based the Clevedon Sailing Club.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedon-sailing-club.co.uk/|title=Clevedon Sailing Club|publisher=Clevedon Sailing Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref>


[[Clevedon Cricket Club]] was established in 1874. The first team now play in the Bristol and Somerset division of the [[West of England Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Clevedon CC|url=http://clevedon.play-cricket.com/home/home.asp|publisher=play-cricket|accessdate=21 August 2010}}</ref> [[Clevedon Town F.C.|Clevedon Town Football Club]] was started in the late 19th century and were one of the founder members of the [[Western Football League]], winning its championship in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedontownfc.co.uk/|title=History|publisher=Clevedon Town FC|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> The football club plays at the Everyone Active Stadium, formerly known as the Hand Stadium. Another [[Non-League football]] club [[Clevedon United F.C.]] who play at Colleridge Vale. Clevedon Bowling Club was formed in 1910, and since then has achieved several international honours in [[Bowls]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedonbowlingclub.co.uk/index.html|title=Clevedon Bowling Club|publisher=Clevedon Bowling Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> Other sporting facilities include Clevedon Golf Club who have a Par 72, 6,500&nbsp;yard course,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clevedongolfclub.co.uk/index.shtml|title=Clevedon Golf Club|publisher=Clevedon Golf Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> Riding Centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedonridingcentre.co.uk/|title=Clevedon riding Centre|publisher=Clevedon riding Centre|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> Rugby Club,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedonrfc.co.uk/|title=Clevedon Rugby Club|publisher=Clevedon Rugby Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> and a range of other sports clubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/sport.html|title=Sports and Fitness|publisher=Clevedon Town Council|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref>
[[Clevedon Cricket Club]] was established in 1874. The first team now play in the Bristol and Somerset division of the [[West of England Premier League]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Clevedon CC|url=http://clevedon.play-cricket.com/home/home.asp|publisher=play-cricket|accessdate=21 August 2010}}</ref> [[Clevedon Town F.C.|Clevedon Town Football Club]] was started in the late 19th century and were one of the founder members of the [[Western Football League]], winning its championship in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedontownfc.co.uk/|title=History|publisher=Clevedon Town FC|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> The football club plays at the Everyone Active Stadium, formerly known as the Hand Stadium. Another [[Non-League football]] club [[Clevedon United F.C.]] who play at Colleridge Vale. Clevedon Bowling Club was formed in 1910, and since then has achieved several international honours in [[Bowls]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedonbowlingclub.co.uk/index.html|title=Clevedon Bowling Club|publisher=Clevedon Bowling Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> Other sporting facilities include Clevedon Golf Club who have a Par 72, 6,500&nbsp;yard course,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clevedongolfclub.co.uk/index.shtml|title=Clevedon Golf Club|publisher=Clevedon Golf Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> Riding Centre,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedonridingcentre.co.uk/|title=Clevedon riding Centre|publisher=Clevedon riding Centre|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> Rugby Club,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedonrfc.co.uk/|title=Clevedon Rugby Club|publisher=Clevedon Rugby Club|accessdate=30 March 2010}}</ref> and a range of other sports clubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/sport.html |title=Sports and Fitness |publisher=Clevedon Town Council |accessdate=30 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409181653/http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/sport.html |archivedate=9 April 2010 |df= }}</ref>


==Culture==
==Culture==
[[File:Clevedon - The Curzon Community Cinema, Old Church Road - geograph.org.uk - 198835.jpg|thumb|[[Curzon Community Cinema, Clevedon|Curzon cinema]], opened on 20 April 1912]]
[[File:Clevedon - The Curzon Community Cinema, Old Church Road - geograph.org.uk - 198835.jpg|thumb|[[Curzon Community Cinema, Clevedon|Curzon cinema]], opened on 20 April 1912]]
Literary figures associated with the town are [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] (who spent some months living in a cottage in the town after his marriage to Sara Fricker),<ref name="clevedon1">{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/backoffice/files/pdf/17823%20FINAL%20PROOF%20-%20TEXT.pdf|title=Welcome to Clevedon|format=PDF}}</ref> [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] (a frequent guest of the Elton family at [[Clevedon Court]]),<ref name="clevedon1"/> and [[George Gissing]] (''The Odd Women'' is set in the town).<ref>{{cite book|last=Gissing|first=George|title=The Odd Women|year=2007|publisher=Echo Library|isbn=978-1-4068-1010-3|pages=1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xnK4CMMyhtwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=George+Gissing+Clevedon&q}}</ref>
Literary figures associated with the town are [[Samuel Taylor Coleridge]] (who spent some months living in a cottage in the town after his marriage to Sara Fricker),<ref name="clevedon1">{{cite web|url=http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/backoffice/files/pdf/17823%20FINAL%20PROOF%20-%20TEXT.pdf |title=Welcome to Clevedon |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100525001043/http://www.clevedon.gov.uk/backoffice/files/pdf/17823%20FINAL%20PROOF%20-%20TEXT.pdf |archivedate=25 May 2010 |df= }}</ref> [[William Makepeace Thackeray]] (a frequent guest of the Elton family at [[Clevedon Court]]),<ref name="clevedon1"/> and [[George Gissing]] (''The Odd Women'' is set in the town).<ref>{{cite book|last=Gissing|first=George|title=The Odd Women|year=2007|publisher=Echo Library|isbn=978-1-4068-1010-3|pages=1|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xnK4CMMyhtwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=George+Gissing+Clevedon&q}}</ref>


In the 1993 movie, ''[[The Remains of the Day]]'', starring [[Anthony Hopkins]], [[Emma Thompson]] and [[Christopher Reeve]], references are made to Clevedon, where the final scene of the film is set and was filmed.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Remains of the Day|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107943/goofs|publisher=IMDB|accessdate=21 August 2010}}</ref> The 1998 adaptation of ''[[Cider with Rosie]]'' also featured scenes filmed in the town.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somerset&nbsp;— Art, Films and Television|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2005/07/26/somerset_film_tv_locations_feature.shtml|publisher=BBC|accessdate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Scenes from the 2010 film, ''[[Never Let Me Go (2010 film)|Never Let Me Go]]'', starring [[Keira Knightley]] were filmed in Clevedon during the summer of 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/news/Hollywood-star-Knightley-film-Clevedon/article-924666-detail/article.html |title=Keira Knightley filming Never Let Me Go &#124; Clevedon News |publisher=This is Somerset |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref> Clevedon has its own comic book superhero, Captain Clevedon.<ref>[http://www.northsomersettimes.co.uk/news/clevedon_gets_its_own_super_hero_1_1008934 Clevedon Gets Its Own Superhero] ''North Somerset Times''</ref>
In the 1993 movie, ''[[The Remains of the Day]]'', starring [[Anthony Hopkins]], [[Emma Thompson]] and [[Christopher Reeve]], references are made to Clevedon, where the final scene of the film is set and was filmed.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Remains of the Day|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0107943/goofs|publisher=IMDB|accessdate=21 August 2010}}</ref> The 1998 adaptation of ''[[Cider with Rosie]]'' also featured scenes filmed in the town.<ref>{{cite web|title=Somerset&nbsp;— Art, Films and Television|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/somerset/content/articles/2005/07/26/somerset_film_tv_locations_feature.shtml|publisher=BBC|accessdate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Scenes from the 2010 film, ''[[Never Let Me Go (2010 film)|Never Let Me Go]]'', starring [[Keira Knightley]] were filmed in Clevedon during the summer of 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisissomerset.co.uk/news/Hollywood-star-Knightley-film-Clevedon/article-924666-detail/article.html |title=Keira Knightley filming Never Let Me Go &#124; Clevedon News |publisher=This is Somerset |accessdate=30 April 2010}}</ref> Clevedon has its own comic book superhero, Captain Clevedon.<ref>[http://www.northsomersettimes.co.uk/news/clevedon_gets_its_own_super_hero_1_1008934 Clevedon Gets Its Own Superhero] ''North Somerset Times''</ref>
Line 143: Line 143:
*[[Kate Reed]] (born 1982) British Olympic runner (Beijing 2008) 10,000 m<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/great-britain-ni/kate-reed-174712 Kate Reed]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-03-21.</ref>
*[[Kate Reed]] (born 1982) British Olympic runner (Beijing 2008) 10,000 m<ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/great-britain-ni/kate-reed-174712 Kate Reed]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-03-21.</ref>
*[[Tuppence Middleton]] (born 1987), film and TV actress, grew up in Clevedon.<ref name="dm">{{cite news|last=Woodhall |first=Victoria |title=One to watch: Tuppence on the money |newspaper=Daily Mail |date=26 January 2013 |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/you/article-2266986/Actress-Tuppence-Middleton-watch.html |accessdate=30 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[Tuppence Middleton]] (born 1987), film and TV actress, grew up in Clevedon.<ref name="dm">{{cite news|last=Woodhall |first=Victoria |title=One to watch: Tuppence on the money |newspaper=Daily Mail |date=26 January 2013 |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/home/you/article-2266986/Actress-Tuppence-Middleton-watch.html |accessdate=30 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[Luke Spiller]] (born 1988), lead singer and band member of [[The Struts]] grew up in Clevedon<ref>http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Memories-Sunnyside-internet-hit/story-11286767-detail/story.html</ref>
*[[Luke Spiller]] (born 1988), lead singer and band member of [[The Struts]] grew up in Clevedon<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Memories-Sunnyside-internet-hit/story-11286767-detail/story.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-03-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402172740/http://www.bristolpost.co.uk/Memories-Sunnyside-internet-hit/story-11286767-detail/story.html |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df= }}</ref>
*[[Jack Butland]] (born 1993), England international and [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] football goalkeeper<ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Butland: Stoke City keeper signs new four-year deal|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31990810|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref>
*[[Jack Butland]] (born 1993), England international and [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]] football goalkeeper<ref>{{cite web|title=Jack Butland: Stoke City keeper signs new four-year deal|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/31990810|work=BBC Sport|accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref>


Revision as of 13:07, 20 May 2017

For the New Zealand town, see Clevedon, New Zealand.
Not to be confused with Cliveden.

Clevedon
View of Clevedon from the air, showing the pier
Clevedon is located in Somerset
Clevedon
Clevedon
Location within Somerset
Population21,281 [1]
OS grid referenceST406714
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townCLEVEDON
Postcode districtBS21
Dialling code01275
PoliceAvon and Somerset
FireAvon
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Somerset
51°26′17″N 2°51′14″W / 51.438°N 2.854°W / 51.438; -2.854

Clevedon is a town and civil parish in the unitary authority of North Somerset, which covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset, England. It has a population of 21,281 according to the United Kingdom Census 2011.[1] It lies among a group of small hills, including Church Hill, Wain's Hill (topped by the remains of an Iron Age hill fort), Dial Hill, Strawberry Hill, Castle Hill, Hangstone Hill and Court Hill which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest along the Severn estuary. Clevedon was mentioned in the Domesday Book but grew in the Victorian era as a seaside resort.

The seafront has ornamental gardens, a Victorian bandstand and other attractions. Salthouse Field has a light railway running round the perimeter and is used for donkey rides in the summer. The shore consists of pebbled beaches and low rocky cliffs, with the old harbour at the western edge of the town at the mouth of the Land Yeo. The rocky beach has been designated as the Clevedon Shore geological Site of Special Scientific Interest. Clevedon Pier, opened in 1869, is one of the earliest surviving examples of a Victorian pier. On 17 October 1970, two outward spans collapsed when the seventh set of legs from the shore failed during a routine insurance load test. A trust was eventually formed and the pier and its buildings were restored and reopened on 27 May 1989, when the Waverley paddle steamer berthed and took on passengers. Other landmarks include Walton Castle, Clevedon Court the Clock Tower and the Curzon Cinema. Clevedon's light industry is centred mainly in industrial estates including Hither Green Trading Estate near the M5 motorway junction. It is a dormitory town for Bristol. The town is home to educational, religious and cultural buildings and sports clubs.

History

Clevedon circa 1900

The name derives from the Old English, cleve meaning "cleave" or "cleft" and don meaning "hill".[2][3]

Wain's Hill is an univallate Iron Age hill fort situated approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) south-west of Clevedon. The hill fort is defined by a steep, natural slope from the south and north with two ramparts to the east.[4]

The Domesday Book mentions Clevedon as a holding of a tenant-in-chief by the name of Mathew of Mortaigne,[5] with eight villagers and ten smallholders.[6] The parish of Clevedon formed part of the Portbury Hundred.[7]

The small rivers the Land Yeo and Middle Yeo supported at least two mills. The Tuck Mills lay in the fields south of Clevedon Court and were used for fulling cloth. The other mills, near Wain's Hill, probably date from the early 17th century.[8]

During the Victorian era Clevedon became a popular seaside town; before that it had been an agricultural village.[9] The Victorian craze for bathing in the sea was catered for in the late 19th century by saltwater baths adjacent to the pier (since demolished, though the foundations remain), and bathing machines on the main beach.[10]

Clevedon Pier, which opened in 1869

Clevedon was home to St Edith's children's home for almost 100 years until it closed in 1974. The building on Dial Hill is listed,[11] and therefore the outside has changed little, but it now houses privately owned flats. The home was run by nuns from the Community of the Sisters of the Church, an international body of women within the Anglican Communion, living under the gospel values of poverty, chastity and obedience.[12]

The first large-scale production of penicillin took place in the town.[5] In 1938 Howard Florey was working at Lincoln College, Oxford University with Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, when he read Alexander Fleming's paper discussing the antibacterial effects of Penicillium notatum mould. He made arrangements for this to be grown in deep culture tanks at the Medical Research Council's Antibiotic Research Station in Clevedon, enabling mass production of this mould for the injections of the forthcoming soldiers of World War II who suffered from infections.[13]

Clevedon was served by a short branch line from the main railway at Yatton. It opened in 1847, six years after the main line itself,[14] but closed in 1966.[15] The site of the station is now Queen's Square, a shopping precinct.[16] The town was the headquarters for another railway, the Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway, which connected the three coastal towns in its name. It opened to Weston-super-Mare in 1897,[17] was extended to Portishead ten years later,[18] and closed in 1940.[19] Its trains crossed the road in the town centre, known as The Triangle, preceded by a man with red and green flags.[20]

The clock tower in Clevedon town centre
A coastal bay at Clevedon in Somerset. Lithograph after a sketch by Lady Elton, 1838

Governance

The town has 7 electoral wards. Their area and population are the same as mentioned above.

Clevedon falls within the non-metropolitan district of North Somerset unitary authority which replaced the Woodspring district, having formerly been part of Somerset, and between 1974 and 1996 within the county of Avon. Until 2010 the parliamentary constituency was still called Woodspring and was represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, however following the review of parliamentary representation by the Boundary Commission for England in Somerset, this seat was renamed North Somerset. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election. The current MP is Liam Fox of the Conservative Party. It is also part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament, which currently elects six MEPs using the d'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation.

Geography

Salthouse Fields

Clevedon is situated on and round seven hills called Church Hill, Wain's Hill (which is topped by the remains of an Iron Age hill fort),[21] Dial Hill, Strawberry Hill, Castle Hill, Hangstone hill and Court Hill which is a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[22] On a clear day there are far reaching views across the Severn estuary to Wales. When the visibility is good the islands of Steep Holm and Flat Holm in the Bristol Channel can be seen. The tidal rise and fall in the Severn Estuary and Bristol Channel can be as great as 14.5 m (48 ft),[23] second only to Bay of Fundy in Eastern Canada.[24][25]

The seafront stretches for approximately half a mile from the pier to Salthouse Field, and includes ornamental gardens, a Victorian bandstand, a bowling green, tennis courts, crazy golf and other amusements. An addition to this list is Marine Lake, which was once a Victorian swimming pool, is now used for boating activities, as well as a small festival once a year where people can try out new sports. The Salthouse Field has a light railway running round the perimeter and is still used for donkey rides during the summer.[26]

The shore at Clevedon is a mixture of pebbled beaches and low rocky cliffs, with the old harbour being at the western edge of the town at the mouth of the Land Yeo river. It is remembered as the place at which John Ashley conceived of the idea of creating The Mission to Seafarers.[27] The rocky beach, which has been designated as the Clevedon Shore geological Site of Special Scientific Interest. It is the side of a mineralised fault, which runs east-west adjacent to the pier, and forms a small cliff feature in Dolomitic Conglomerate on the north side of Clevedon Beach, containing cream to pink baryte together with sulfides. The minerals identified at the site include: haematite, chalcopyrite, tennantite, galena, tetrahedrite, bornite, pyrite, marcasite, enargite and sphalerite. Secondary alteration of this assemblage has produced idaite, Covellite and other Copper sulphides.[28]

"Poet's Walk" is a footpath around Wain's Hill and Church Hill, to the south west of the seafront, and the upper part of the town contains many other footpaths through parks and wooded areas which were laid out in the nineteenth century. The name of the walk is a commemoration of the poets and writers who have visited Clevedon. These include Coleridge in 1795 and Tennyson in 1834. It is a local nature reserve covering Church Hill and Wain's Hill and includes calcareous grassland, coastal scrub and woodland.[29]

Climate

Windswept Clevedon seafront has shaped this tree

Along with the rest of South West England, Clevedon has a temperate climate which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of the country.[30] The annual mean temperature is approximately 10 °C (50.0 °F). Seasonal temperature variation is less extreme than most of the United Kingdom because of the adjacent sea temperatures. The summer months of July and August are the warmest with mean daily maxima of approximately 21 °C (69.8 °F). In winter mean minimum temperatures of 1 °C (33.8 °F) or 2 °C (35.6 °F) are common.[30] In the summer the Azores high pressure affects the south-west of England, however convective cloud sometimes forms inland, reducing the number of hours of sunshine. Annual sunshine rates are slightly less than the regional average of 1,600 hours.[30] In December 1998 there were 20 days without sun recorded at Yeovilton. Most of the rainfall in the South-West is caused by Atlantic depressions or by convection. Most of the rainfall in autumn and winter is caused by the Atlantic depressions, which is when they are most active. In summer, a large proportion of the rainfall is caused by sun heating the ground leading to convection and to showers and thunderstorms. Average rainfall is around 700 mm (28 in). About 8–15 days of snowfall is typical. November to March have the highest mean wind speeds, and June to August have the lightest winds. The predominant wind direction is from the south-west.[30]

Demography

The town has a population of 21,957 according to the United Kingdom Census 2001. Of these almost 20% are over the age of 65 years and 98.8% are white. Almost three quarters of the population described themselves as being Christian, with 17.4% having no religion and another 7.3% not stating any religion. 72.4% of the 15,408 people between the ages of 16 and 74 years are economically active.[1]

Economy

Horse and carts used by Yeates Removals in 1910

Clevedon has some light industry, mainly in industrial estates including Hither Green Trading Estate near the M5 motorway junction, and it is also a dormitory town for Bristol. The Clerical Medical pensions and investments group, part of HBOS, had its headquarters in the town on the former site of the Hales Cakes factory, but after its closure, North Somerset Council entered into talks to take over the lease.[31] Percy Daniel & Co is a firm of organ builders, whose work includes the instrument in Brentwood Cathedral.[32]

Yeates Removals was established in 1910 using horses and carts for general haulage in Clevedon and the surrounding areas. The removals company has always been run by family members and is currently headed up by James Griffin who took over from his father John in 2001.[33]

Landmarks

Metal pier standing on thin legs rising from the sea. Beach in the foreground
Clevedon Pier and the Severn estuary. Wales can be seen on the horizon

Clevedon Pier was opened on Easter Monday 1869,[27][34] one of the earliest examples of a Victorian pier still in existence in the United Kingdom. After a set of legs collapsed during an insurance load check on 17 October 1970, it fell into disrepair until in 1985 the pier was dismantled and taken to Portishead dock for restoration, and was rebuilt in 1986. In 2001, the pier was upgraded to a grade 1 listed building,[34][35][36] The Paddle Steamer Waverley and Motor Vessel Balmoral offer day sea trips from Clevedon Pier to various destinations along the Bristol Channel and Severn estuary.[37] Adjoining the pier and contemporary with it is the Toll House, built in the style of a folly castle and provided as accommodation for the pier-master.[38]

Toll House

The Royal Pier Hotel is a Grade II listed building located next to the pier.[39] The Royal Pier Hotel was built in 1823 by Thomas Hollyman, and originally called The Rock House. In 1868, the building was expanded by local architect Hans Price[40] and renamed Rock House & Royal Pier Hotel, later shortened to Royal Pier Hotel. Since its closure the building has fallen into disrepair,[41] but it is now (Summer 2015) being converted into luxury apartments.

Walton Castle is a 17th-century fort located on Castle Hill that overlooks the Walton St Mary area at the northern end of Clevedon. It was built sometime between 1615 and 1620. The castle was designed as a hunting lodge for Lord Poulett, a Somerset MP. The English Civil War saw the decline of Poulett's fortunes, and by 1791 the castle was derelict and being used as a dairy by a local farmer.[42] In 1984, the castle was purchased for £1 by Margarita Hamilton, who restored the building to its former glory.[43]

Millennium monument

Clevedon Court is on Court Hill east of the town centre, close to the road to Bristol. It is one of only a few remaining 14th century manorial halls in England, having been built by Sir John de Clevedon circa 1320.[44] Since the early eighteenth century the house has been owned by the Elton family, who were responsible for much building work on the house and many improvements in the town, and although the house itself is now owned by the National Trust,[45] the associated estates are still owned by the Elton family. Sir Edmund Elton (1846–1920) was a potter who produced unusually shaped ware in a variety of richly-coloured glazes, including a gold glaze of his own invention, at the Clevedon Elton Sunflower Pottery.[46]

Clevedon clock tower in the centre of the town is decorated with "Elton ware".[47] It was completed in 1898, and donated by Sir Edmund Elton in celebration of Queen Victoria's Jubilee.[48] The Curzon cinema was built in 1912,[49] for Victor Cox,[50] and is the oldest purpose-built, continuously operated cinema in the world.[51]

The town's market hall on Alexandra Road was designed by local architect Hans Price.[52] A monument, known as the "Spirit of Clevedon", was erected near the seafront to mark the Millennium. Unveiled in June 2000, the 5 ft (1.5 m) tall sculpture cost £9,000.[53] It was designed by local citizens and includes panels and plaques representing the history and community in the town. Within its base is a time capsule containing information about the town.[54]

Education

Clevedon School is a large secondary comprehensive school serving the whole town and the surrounding rural areas. It has approximately 1,200 pupils in years 7 to 11 (Lower School) and 12 to 13 (Upper School or sixth form). The school has regained its Language College status.[55] There are also six primary schools in the town:[56] Mary Elton Primary School, John the Evangelist Church of England Primary School, All Saints C Of E Primary School and St. Nicholas' Chantry CEVC Primary School. Yeo Moor Primary School, which opened on 19 April 2010, is an amalgamated school joining the Infant and Junior schools that held position on the existing site for many years.

St Brandon's School was an independent boarding school until 1991[57] and a coeducational infant and junior school until 2004.[58]

A drama company, Take The Lead, from Clevedon School put on productions in the town.[59]

Religious sites

Church of St Andrew - circa 1907

There are several churches serving the town,[60] including St. Andrew's church, which was built in the thirteenth century AD, although there are thought to be Saxon foundations under the present building. It is the burial place of Arthur Hallam, subject of the poem In Memoriam A.H.H. by his friend Alfred, Lord Tennyson.[61]

The Church of St John was built in 1875, by William Butterfield for Sir Arthur Elton.[62] The Church of All Saints was built in 1861 by C E Giles.[63] The tower of Christ Church, on Chapel Hill, is a very important landmark in Clevedon. It was erected 1838 and 1839 from designs by Thomas Rickman in an early 14th-century style.[64]

The Copse Road Chapel is an Independent Evangelical Church, which was built in 1851 and has been attributed to Foster and Wood of Bristol,[65] who also designed the United Reformed Church on Hill Road.[66] The Roman Catholic church of the Immaculate Conception is served by the Franciscan order.[67]

Railways

Station name boards note Yatton is "for Clevedon". Following the closure of the Clevedon Branch Line in 1966, Yatton is the closest station to Clevedon.

The nearest railway station is Yatton on the Bristol to Exeter Line, with trains provided by Great Western Railway. Clevedon was previously served by a branch line from Yatton, however this closed in 1966, and the site of the town station is now a shopping centre. The Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Light Railway also served the town.

Sport

Because of its location watersports are a feature of the local scene. Clevedon Canoe Club is based at the marine lake and facilitates sea paddling trips along the North Somerset coast on the Severn Estuary,[68] and to other sites such as the Wye Valley and Woolacombe. Nearby is based the Clevedon Sailing Club.[69]

Clevedon Cricket Club was established in 1874. The first team now play in the Bristol and Somerset division of the West of England Premier League.[70] Clevedon Town Football Club was started in the late 19th century and were one of the founder members of the Western Football League, winning its championship in the 1990s.[71] The football club plays at the Everyone Active Stadium, formerly known as the Hand Stadium. Another Non-League football club Clevedon United F.C. who play at Colleridge Vale. Clevedon Bowling Club was formed in 1910, and since then has achieved several international honours in Bowls.[72] Other sporting facilities include Clevedon Golf Club who have a Par 72, 6,500 yard course,[73] Riding Centre,[74] Rugby Club,[75] and a range of other sports clubs.[76]

Culture

Curzon cinema, opened on 20 April 1912

Literary figures associated with the town are Samuel Taylor Coleridge (who spent some months living in a cottage in the town after his marriage to Sara Fricker),[77] William Makepeace Thackeray (a frequent guest of the Elton family at Clevedon Court),[77] and George Gissing (The Odd Women is set in the town).[78]

In the 1993 movie, The Remains of the Day, starring Anthony Hopkins, Emma Thompson and Christopher Reeve, references are made to Clevedon, where the final scene of the film is set and was filmed.[79] The 1998 adaptation of Cider with Rosie also featured scenes filmed in the town.[80] Scenes from the 2010 film, Never Let Me Go, starring Keira Knightley were filmed in Clevedon during the summer of 2009.[81] Clevedon has its own comic book superhero, Captain Clevedon.[82]

Clevedon is twinned with Ettlingen, in Baden-Württemberg, Germany since 1980; Épernay, France since 1990; and Middelkerke, Belgium since 1991.[83]

Clevedon was the setting for the eponymous town Broadchurch, a detective drama first aired on ITV on 4 March 2013.[84][85][86]

Notable people

In birth order:

References

  1. ^ a b c "2011 Census Profile". North Somerset Council. Archived from the original (Excel) on 4 January 2014. Retrieved 4 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Clevedon tourist information". Touruk.co.uk. 15 April 1912. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
  3. ^ Newman, Paul (1976). Channel Passage. Kingsmead Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-901571-74-8.
  4. ^ "Wain's Hill fort". National Monuments Record. English Heritage. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012. Retrieved 6 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b "Clevedon — Somerset, UK". Somersetguide.co.uk. 21 July 2007. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
  6. ^ "Medieval Times". Clevedon Civic Society. Archived from the original on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 21 August 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ "Somerset Hundreds". GENUKI. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Poole, Ruth; Knight, Norma; Horman, Phyllis; Rew, Wilfred; Lilly, Jane. "Mills on the Land Yeo: Further discoveries" (PDF). Nailsea and District Local History Society. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
  9. ^ "About Clevedon". Clevedon Town Council. Archived from the original on 7 August 2010. Retrieved 30 August 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ Campbell, Rob; Clevedon Civic Society (2009). Clevedon: Medieval Manor to Victorian Resort. Matador. p. 216. ISBN 978-1-84876-175-9. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
  11. ^ "St Edith's Orphanage". Images of England. English Heritage. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
  12. ^ "Clevedon". Community of the sisters of the church. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ Sneader, Walter (2005). "Drugs from naturally occurring prototypes: Drugs from micro-organisms". Drug Discovery: A History. WileyBlackwell. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-471-89980-8.
  14. ^ Maggs, Colin G (1987). The Clevedon Branch. Didcot: Wild Swan Publications. pp. 1–2. ISBN 0-906867-52-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  15. ^ Maggs 1987, pp. 65–66.
  16. ^ "Bristol — Coast — The railway arrives in town". BBC. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
  17. ^ Redwood, Christopher (1981). The Weston, Clevedon and Portishead Railway. Weston-super-Mare: Sequoia Publishing. p. 32. ISBN 0-905466-42-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  18. ^ Redwood 1981, p. 46.
  19. ^ Redwood 1981, p. 74–75.
  20. ^ "Clevedon Triangle crossing". Weston Clevedon and Portishead Railway. Portishead web. Retrieved 10 May 2010.
  21. ^ Scott, Shane (1995). The hidden places of Somerset. Aldermaston: Travel Publishing Ltd. p. 37. ISBN 1-902007-01-8.
  22. ^ "Court Hill SSSI" (PDF). English Nature. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ "Severn River Basin District" (PDF). Envioprnment Agency. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2010. Retrieved 28 September 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
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