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February 8

Design Professionals that reside or practice in Kansas

How can I learn how many Building Design Professionals reside/practice in Kansas? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:183:C900:F5D9:A534:237:D3AB:65C2 (talk) 01:39, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

I'm not sure about raw numbers, but this site lets to find design professionals by state. --Jayron32 13:19, 8 February 2018 (UTC)

Since architecture is mostly practiced by socalled freelancers it maybe difficult to find out. If it exists, someone at the local Chamber of Commerce very likely knows exact numbers. --Kharon (talk) 00:04, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Ask Enrico Fermi. Matt Deres (talk) 01:15, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Frankly, the notion is silly, but if the unsigned IP really cares he should find out if there is a licensing board for the state (see Google) and ask them if they can tell how many people are currently licensed to perform that function. Otherwise, see How many angels can dance on the head of a pin?. μηδείς (talk) 01:19, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

The best answer I've heard to that old question, which is vaguely alluded to in the article, is "Either all of them, or none of them." ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 02:45, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Especially if they are small and take turns. --Jayron32 12:49, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

February 9

Sports teams wearing red

Around a whole lotta years ago, I remember seeing a copy of Manwatching by Desmond Morris. We don't seem to have an article about the book, which is surprising, as I think it was pretty influential ( not least for giving pre-internet kids a rare chance to giggle over pictures of nekkid people ), but anyway. I think Morris included a section in there about sports teams that wear red having increased chances of success.

Can anyone tell me what Morris said - and did he include any stats to back up his assertion?

Does the claim [still] stack up? Certainly is true in English football, Tiger Woods seems to have believed in it and Ferrari and McLaren (when they had red in the colours) seem to make it true for Formula 1 but it but doesn't, to my mind, work when looking at NFL champions. Does it hold any water for baseball? Any reliable sources on the matter since Morris published? --Dweller (talk) Become old fashioned! 11:12, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

(Incidentally, with sources, Red#In sports could be much improved as a result of this discussion) --Dweller (talk) Become old fashioned! 11:13, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

There's a few promising results in this Google Books search [1]. --Viennese Waltz 11:30, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Cheating a bit - I used a reference in one of Viennese Waltz's google Books results - but here is: Influence of Red Jersey Color on Physical Parameters in Combat Sports (2013) by Dennis Dreiskaemper and Bernd Strauss, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Alansplodge (talk • contribs)

That looks pretty impressive. Any scientists able to verify it's a solid piece of work? --13:55, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Yes, because it is in a peer reviewed journal, it has undergone peer review. as a pet peeve, there is no job called "scientist" doing stuff called "science". It is a large, disparate group of very different jobs that aren't interchangable. --Jayron32 14:12, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

The most successful American sports team in history is the New York Yankees, and their main color is a dark navy blue. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 18:28, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

You're attempting a statistical untruth. Their main color is but one factor in their success. It's like saying the All Blacks are the rugby world champions solely because their outfits are black, yet the Tongan team doesn't do well because their jerseys are red, and ignoring the fact that Tonga is a tiny country with a small population to choose players from. Akld guy (talk) 19:14, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

The statement "sports teams that wear red have increased chances of success" is the statistically questionable assertion. It implies that red leads to success. But it might be that a larger percentage of teams wear red vs. other colors, so it's not unreasonable to suppose that there would be more successes in the long run than by teams wearing brown, for example. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 20:46, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

You're ignoring the peer-reviewed sources mentioned above which demonstrate exactly that teams that wear red have increased chances of success. --Viennese Waltz 22:59, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Bugs, what you're engaged in here is not data analysis, but cherry picking. The fact that the Yankees have won a lot of games means nothing. The research does not say that only red teams are allowed to win any games, or that teams from other colors are all losing teams. It says that on the balance, teams that wear red win more games than they otherwise should if color was not a factor at all. Carefully selecting a single non-red team is meaningless.--Jayron32 04:59, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

That's why the Cincinnati Reds have won so many World Series than the New York Yankees. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 05:00, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

Yes, I haven't read the sources but '"sports teams that wear red have increased chances of success" is the statistically questionable assertion. It implies that red leads to success. But it might be that a larger percentage of teams wear red vs. other colors' suggests BB doesn't understand basic concepts. When someone suggests there is a statistical correlation it generally implies that they have tried to account for differences in the number of one compared to the other. Of course poor quality science and statistics abound, however if it's actually published it normally means it isn't quite that bad. (Stuff in blogs, newspapers, etc may be different.) If you are going by secondary source descriptions of the published research, you do have to be careful that the research itself actually says what the source says it does, since misunderstanding and poor reporting abound, but that's also a distinct point. And as always, correlation does not imply causation, so just because someone has found a statistical correlation between wearing red and success does not imply that 'red leads to success'. Nil Einne (talk) 03:04, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

I'm reminded of this antique story, of a farmer that had white horses and black horses. He observed that the white horses ate more than the black horses, so he sold all the white horses. He failed to take into account that he had more white horses than black horses. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 04:31, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

The universal appeal of red/white/black

• See Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution. All of the world's known languages have at least two color terms, "dark" and "light" the focal points for which are what in English are called black and white. If a language only has three color terms, the third term will always have red as its focal point. The term red is often synonymous with colored Sp. "colorado" or beautiful Rus. "krasny/krasnaya". Red, white, and black color schemes are highly popular in marketing. See the logos for everything from Coke and Budweiser to Verizon and KFC. Verizon was simply a rebranding of Bell Atlantic when it ceased being a regional carrier. The name change was chosen to be forward-looking, vee and zee were chosen as "futuristic" and the former blue/green scheme was intentionally replaced with the edgier red/white/black. μηδείς (talk) 19:36, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

There is no question that red is a very eye-catching color. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 20:43, 9 February 2018 (UTC)

Top World Series winners by total, team, and color(s):

27 - NY Yankees - very dark blue

11 - STL Cardinals - red

9 - PHI/OAK Athletics - dark blue, then green and gold

8 - NY/SF Giants - dark blue or black, then orange, then orange and black

8 - BOS Red Sox - dark blue, then red

6 - BKN/LA Dodgers - light blue

5 - CIN Reds - red

5 - PIT Pirates - black and gold

4 - DET Tigers - orange

←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 15:37, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

One problem with that is that these teams all have white in one version of their uniforms at least, but white is not treated as a team color the way black is. In any case, the Eagles just won the Superbowl in Eagles blue. μηδείς (talk) 22:22, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

White is typically a "background" color for home uniforms, with gray or another color on the road. So we're basically talking "trim" here. And the team with the most NFL championships, the Green Bay Packers, originally wore blue, as I recall, and of course later switched to green and yellow. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 00:16, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

Grey is a colour to avoid in English football. In 1996, Manchester United wore their grey "away kit" (the team that's playing at their home ground chooses which colour to wear, so visiting teams need an alternative) for four matches without winning and in the fifth changed from grey to blue-and-white when they were behind at half-time. [2] Alansplodge (talk) 19:22, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

As others have already point out analysing a single championship of a single sport is unlikely to provide much evidence in supporting or disproving the notion. It's almost as bad as someone saying clearly there's no correlation between smoking and cancer because their grandfather smoked a 2 packs a day and lived to 105 when they got run over by a drunk driver, one of their greataunts smoked 1.5 packs a day and lived to 110 when they slipped on the Queen's congratulatory message for their birthday and hit their head, another of their greataunts was never smoked a day in their life and died of lung cancer at 25, and a greatuncle also never smoked and died of esophageal cancer at 31. Nil Einne (talk) 02:52, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

February 10

Direction of steering wheel while driving

Suppose that the wheel has exactly x turns in each direction (e.g, in my vehicle x=1.5). Where exactly do you need to steer the steering wheel? I thought at first that the points on the wheel that correspond to 3 and 9 on the clock (i.e, both sides) in a straight line driving should always be perpendicular to the velocity vector. So when driving at turns and circles they should turn towards the center of the circle, but it seems to me that this is not true ... 37.142.171.65 (talk) 08:49, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

If your 3 to 9 line on your steering wheel is not horizontal when you are driving in a straight line with no camber on the road, then something is out of alignment. Different vehicle designs have different steering-wheel gearing, so the amount of turn is variable, and quickly estimated through experience. Dbfirs 09:45, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

Wheels also have a Toe (automotive) to establish a self centering force on the steering and because many vehicles have a complicated independent Suspension (vehicle) with a Camber angle and alike offsets the real geometry of each single wheel may get complicated when driving a curve. --Kharon (talk) 10:22, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

Are you asking how much rotation of the steering wheel corresponds to a given curvature in your path? I would not be at all surprised to learn that the relation is nonlinear. —Tamfang (talk) 08:26, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

The common mechanic steering gears are all "linear". Some hydraulic/electric ones are adaptive. --Kharon (talk) 11:43, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

Where you place your hands on the steering wheel depends partly on the vehicle you are driving. Most drivers prefer a "ten to two" position. My car has a gear shift in the middle of the dashboard, so I prefer a "quarter to one" position as it puts my left hand nearer the gearstick in a right hand drive car. Mjroots (talk) 13:35, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

Frequently, modern car driver education recommends and teaches the nine and three, also called quarter to three, position to reduce the risk of injury from airbag deployment and for other reasons [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]. Nil Einne (talk) 05:06, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Capt. Thomas H Butler

Recently a picture alleged to be Capt. Thomas H. Butler on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_H._Butler. I am cowriting a book that includes a bio on Capt. Butler, and we've been searching unsuccessfully for 3-4 years for a picture of him. We want to use the picture, but we need to authenticate it that it is indeed Butler. I've contacted several of his descendants, and none of them thus far has had a portrait or picture of any kind. How do I go about verifying the picture? I found the "name" of the person who posted it in January of this year, but it appears the person hasn't set up a page. Any suggestions? Thank you.

Carolyn Gregory

'````' — Preceding unsigned comment added by Carolyn gregory (talk • contribs) 17:59, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

TN615RNB is the guy who uploaded the photo... With no source. @TN615RNB: where did you get the photo from, and what evidence do you have that it's him? Ian.thomson (talk) 18:06, 10 February 2018 (UTC)

February 11

Loading artillery seems too labor intensive

I am watching this recent video of US military personnel load and fire artillery at Taliban who are attacking an outpost. video It sure seems labor intensive. Why not automate some function so that 7 people aren't required to do the job? It also seems like a slow process. The crew is working fast to support an outpost under attack so if automation could speed up loading wouldn't it be crucial? Muzzleflash (talk) 20:12, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

It's a set of trade-offs. Providing more automated equipment might speed up artillery loading, but it would add significant weight and technical complexity to the equipment required to be moved around by an artillery unit. This equipment would be subject to mechanical failures, increasing the required number of maintainers and spare parts. The equipment would also require a significant electrical/hydraulic power source (presumably a generator) which again increases the logistics requirements for the unit. Apparently artillery leaders have determined that the penalties of increased mechanization are not worth the potential benefits. NorthBySouthBaranof (talk) 20:42, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

See Autoloader. As NorthBySouthBaranof points out, it's a trade-off between complexity (and cost) vs reliability and logistics. Another consideration is that autoloader can achieve high initial rates of fire (RoF), but may slow down to a RoF lower than a non-autoloading cannon when ammunition needs to be refilled. It must be assumed that if the military though that the benefit of an autoloader outweighs the drawbacks, far more weapon systems would be equipped with them. WegianWarrior (talk) 20:56, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

Note that the gun in your video clip is an M777 howitzer whose development name was "Ultralight-weight Field Howitzer". Our article lists the types of vehicle that can tow it or fly it about, probably not possible for all of them with a bulky autoloader and a power-source to make it go. Alansplodge (talk) 22:43, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

• In many situations, the sustained rate of fire is limited by the heat dissipation of the barrel and breach: The gun could not fire any faster even if it could be loaded instantly. -Arch dude (talk) 23:12, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

What's the largest caliber weapon with an active cooling system? (which would also of course add weight, especially liquid cooling) Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 23:38, 11 February 2018 (UTC)

Active cooling was designed for the cancelled XM2001 Crusader 155 mm self-propelled howitzer. [8] Again, weight is going to be an issue because you need a pump, a radiator, coolant and a power source. Maybe not an issue in a 40 ton self-propelled weapon, but no good for a lightweight hitch-up-and-go field gun. Alansplodge (talk) 18:48, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

The other disadvantage of an auto-loading system is that you have to know in advance exactly what types of shell you are going to need to fire and load them in the right order. In combat you need to be able to change the order instantly, depending on how a situation develops (or have separate loading systems for each type of shell, which is going to be very cumbersome). Wymspen (talk) 14:04, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

You may be interested in this film of a First World War Canon de 75 modèle 1897 being manually loaded at astonishing speed. Of course, it's smaller and was a quick-firing gun with a rapid-action breech and one-piece ammunition. Mind your fingers! Alansplodge (talk) 18:30, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

February 12

What is Jing-Jin-Ji?

If the idea is to form a megacity, it couldn't possibly be an area of 110 million which would include all of Hebei as reported widely by media. Our article includes the cities of Zhangjiakou and Cangzhou which would be 3 hours apart if just connecting between high speed rail stations so it seems like too large of an area. Is there any official indication of what is the practical Jing-Jin-Ji area? Muzzleflash (talk) 12:32, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

We have an article that starts "China National Highway 112 is a 1228 km ring road". These are clearly not your grandfather's cities. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 15:35, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

It looks to be just a term to refer to the large urban conglomeration, and not an administrative unit per se. For analogues in other countries, see Northeast megalopolis in the U.S. and Rhine-Ruhr in Germany. --Jayron32 15:38, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

I measure almost the same maximum width for the Northeast Megalopolis and Jingjinji of about 500 miles (from one end of Hebei to the other and from so far up the Maine line it almost stops being squiggly to the Richmond side of Spotsylvania County, Virgina. These are what's shown in the maps in the Boston and DC metro area articles). So no new ground broken there. Of course the population's upped to Chinese levels so 110 million (i.e. ~population of Japan) instead of 55 million. Sagittarian Milky Way (talk) 16:04, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

China, in general, wins any population contest... --Jayron32 16:11, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

Cat Breeds

Is there any definitive way to tell the breed of a domestic cat? 198.252.245.194 (talk) 20:58, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

Have you checked List of cat breeds? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 23:28, 12 February 2018 (UTC)

I have, but it does not discuss any specific identification guidelines, besides coat, which can be shared by several breeds. Is there any more definitive process? 198.252.245.194 (talk) 15:50, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

• See show cat. Just as with dogs and horses, there is the question of documented parentage and confirmation to a physical standard. μηδείς (talk) 16:34, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

Most cats (American Polydactls excepted) have a policy of neither confirming nor denying their association with a particular breed. It's called "pussyfooting". When it comes to questionable obedience and reproduction, judges only look for conformation. Maybe I'm nitpicking or unfairly criticizing your minor error, but that's the nature of the beast. A full-blooded, well-documented Persian can be recognized as such, but if the judges see a single nit, it stands as much of a chance at winning a ribbon as this scum of the earth. A fine line indeed. InedibleHulk (talk) 17:52, February 13, 2018 (UTC)

Look to the beam in thine own eye first, Hulk. I said documented parentage and conformation to a physical standard. That I meant conformation is obvious. That you failed to comprehend that and doesn't mean "either" is a bit more worrying. μηδείς (talk) 06:39, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

That use of "thine" for the possessive adjective sent me to the 27-volume Oxford English Dictionary for examples. It's right - cf "Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord". 86.2.21.152 (talk) 11:44, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

You had to look up thine??? ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 17:28, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Most people nowadays are not aware that mine and thine are the older original forms of my and thy properly still used before vowels, just as "an" vs. "a" before a word beginning in a vowel. The word "an" derives frome one and the loss of enn before a consonant in these forms is an innovation within English.

I also hear people use thee as if it were a subject pronoun and thy before a vowel all the time, and it makes me cringe. I love Oliver Stone's Nixon, but Mary Steenburgen's affected Quaker usage of "thee" with a third person verb in all cases makes me want to reach for a machete. μηδείς (talk) 21:16, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Thy aggravation runneth over. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 21:37, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Maybe they don't teach that in the British school system anymore. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 21:20, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

It tends to turn up in the KJV. In addition to your example earlier, there is "For thine is the kingdom, the power, the glory, etc." ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 21:24, 14 February 2018 (UTC)1

The German cognates "meine" and "deine" are still in use. ←Baseball Bugs ^{What's up, Doc?} carrots→ 21:35, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

This particular usage of thine is a direct reference to the KJV version of Matthew 7:3-5. TheMrP (talk) 01:58, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

Matthew 7:5 μηδείς (talk) 05:11, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

Let the record show I understand and appreciate "and". Some of my dearest friends say "and". I'm the least andtagonistic person you know. It's the ampersands that seem strange and weird to me. My only gripe with Medeis' typo was that it created a whole other word. "Confermation", I know what you mean. "Confarmation", absolutely. But "confirmation" might mean what we all think it might, and that's never good (for a cat). InedibleHulk (talk) 22:07, February 14, 2018 (UTC)

My point was that the OP asked about definite verification of a breed. The word breed has breeding implied in it. So conformation alone would not make a St Bernard x German Pinscher hybrid into a Rottweiler, even if it conformed perfectly with the breed standard. Likewise, if one is talking about breeding clubs, sports are not going to be "counted" as members of their breed, whatever their pedigree. So both pedigree and conformation matter. That's the relevant answer to the OP, the rest is irrelevant, and I am not sure I want to have any further discussion of misspellings. μηδείς (talk) 02:09, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

I think I see where you're coming from now. A purebred cat does need conformation and pedigree. When I said the judge only looks at conformation, I meant as opposed to that and confirmation. They're Siamese if they please, and Siamese if they don't please. If you hadn't made the typo, the OP wouldn't have gotten the Wikilink, so it all worked out in the end. InedibleHulk (talk) 05:57, February 15, 2018 (UTC)

See Matthew 7 (and no doubt many other places) for the correct use of "thine" and "thy". Basically, "my" and "thy" are possessive adjectives and "mine" and "thine" function as either the subject or complement of the verb "to be". My particular bugbear is people who use constructions like "thou goeth". 86.169.57.217 (talk) 15:09, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

February 13

Rapid fall of coal fired electricity in China from 2015 to 2016

Based on statistics on electricity production from this page, it looks like coal fired electricity as a percentage of electricity production dramatically dropped in China in just one year. But this is such a steep drop it seems virtually impossible considering how much electricity China produces in a year?

• 2015: 73%
• 2016: 65%

Muzzleflash (talk) 18:18, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

You'd be surprised; China like almost all (non-U.S.) countries has been transitioning hard towards renewable and non-carbon-based energy sources. If you look at Energy in China, you see that China between 2010 and 2015, China saw a drop of 1/5 in CO2 output; that's primarily through the shuttering of coal plants, the increase in energy efficient technology, and the shifting towards renewables and non-carbon-based energy sources. You can see in that same article that coal consumption peaked in 2014, and has been falling precipitously since. --Jayron32 18:49, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

Note that China is still seeing reasonable increases in both electricity generation capacity and electric power generation e.g. this source [9] says 8.2% and 5.2% respectively. So even without shuttering or reducing electricity generation from coal plants, you will still see a reasonable decrease in the percentage coming from coal if the new generation and capacity is from sources other than coal. Nil Einne (talk) 04:50, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

That is true, in China's case the drop in "% of energy from coal" began a few years earlier than the "total coal consumed", but in both 2015 and 2016, according to sources cited above, BOTH numbers are dropping in China; that is China gets not only a lower percentage of their power from coal, the absolute consumption of coal has also decreased recently. --Jayron32 16:14, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

China installed 34.54 Gigawatt of new solar panels in 2016. Half of the whole worlds grow. Similar china is world leader with 19.3 GW of new wind generators to a total capacity of 149 GW in 2016. Second was the united states with +8.6 GW to 74.4 GW in the same year. Additionally china is currently building 20(!) new nuclear power stations. The Chinese are building up brand new, modern infrastructure like no one else in the world, including highly advanced, innovative High temperature reactors which where originally invented in Germany in the 1960 but never build as commercial reactors there. China builds up its industrial base in record speed and thus its no wonder they manage such unbelievable rate of reduction in fossil fuel use. --Kharon (talk) 18:55, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

What is and what isn't, an Energy drink?

In the energy drink wiki page it says that, "Coffee, tea and other naturally caffeinated beverages are usually not considered energy drinks. Other soft drinks such as cola may contain caffeine, but are also not energy drinks."; why are coffee, tea, and especially cola, not considered energy drinks? The first sentence of the article says "An energy drink is a type of beverage containing stimulant drugs, usually including caffeine, which is marketed as providing mental and physical stimulation (marketed as "energy", but distinct from food energy)." I feel like many colas, coffee, and tea are marketed as providing mental and physical stimulations, yet they are not considered energy drinks? I myself would not personally call a cola, coffee, or tea an energy drink, but at the same time I couldn't really explain why they aren't considered energy drinks. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.120.110.134 (talk) 22:05, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

I don't have a ref for this, but I think the answer is pretty clear: It's because "energy drink" is a made-up category, designed specifically for marketing. There is no incentive for the marketers to include coffee or tea; that would just dilute the brand. --Trovatore (talk) 22:17, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

See here Key words seem to be "usually carbonated" and "caffeine and other added ingredients". --Jayron32 17:26, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

The other added ingredients part seems to be the key. Everything I've seen called an energy drink has Taurine, Guarana, and B vitamins in addition to caffeine. If it didn't have those things, it wasn't called an energy drink. I've seen some that aren't carbonated (got one next to me right now) and some with caffeine levels lower that an equal amount of black coffee (but still higher than most sodas). I've seen a few that use glucose or even Isomaltulose for sweeteners instead of HFCS or cane sugar. Ian.thomson (talk) 17:43, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

I will note that the word "usually" has meaning, and was included for a reason. --Jayron32 17:53, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

I was gonna say that 'usually' implies carbonation is more the norm than a common option, though looking on the availability of non-carbonated energy drinks, it seems that markets in my area are an anomaly in stocking comparable amounts of carbonated and non-carbonated. Ian.thomson (talk) 18:02, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Per 100g or 0.1 liters Coca Cola contains 8 mg, red bull 30 mg caffeine. Tea has 10mg, Coffee 40-50 mg and cappuccino/espresso 60mg in the same weight/volume. Energy drinks are additionally very sweet and often have a strong taste of a candy - like a fluid bonbon.

Oddly red bull does not spend to much into marketing, atleast compared to Coca Cola, who is #1 in marketing spending with a huge lead[10]. --Kharon (talk) 18:10, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

The Coca-Cola Company business model is very different than its biggest competitor, Pepsico, and as such it spends much more on brand-awareness marketing. Pepsico is a diversified food-and-beverage company with a wide array of products and services. The Coca-Cola Company sells sugary drinks. For that reason, being less diversified, it needs to spend a greater portion of its revenue on brand awareness, as its fortunes rest pretty much entirely on the success of its beverage brands. Regarding Red Bull, Red Bull GmbH is a tiny company that basically produces just Red Bull drinks. It's going to have a much smaller marketing budget for that reason. Also, Red Bull markets very differently than Coca Cola, using event and sports team sponsorships to a much greater extent. --Jayron32 19:14, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Head of Caribbean River

I remember visiting a cave in the Caribbean when I was a child. It was a long hike up a path up a mountain. A stream came out of the cave and made cascading waterfalls down the side of the mountain. It turned into the major river for the island. I remember it being closer to Venezuela, but this was about 20 years ago and I was very young. I can't ask my parents (both passed away). Is this unique enough that it describes only one or two river heads in the area? I'm trying to put together where I went because I'd like to visit it again. 156.143.240.137 (talk) 23:53, 13 February 2018 (UTC)

It would help greatly if you had a better idea of where this is. Since you can't ask a relative, it's worth checking if you can find your old passport as it seems likely this would have been required for wherever you went. 20 years ago suggests it's unlikely you could have traveled using a parent's passport. As it seems like you are from the US and so I guess probably a US citizen and maybe only a US citizen, if you didn't need a passport to travel wherever it was, this would probably tell you something as well e.g. in current time [11]. Nil Einne (talk) 00:24, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

Might you be thinking of the Trois Pitons River in Dominica, one branch of which emerges from Titou Gorge (at the trailhead of the hike out to Boiling Lake), before working its way down to Trafalgar Falls? The gorge is quite cave-like and you can work you way back, wading and swimming, to a chamber where the stream bursts in from above. Photos and videos of Gorge, Falls, and Lake are easily found online. However, the stream which emerges from Titou Gorge does not immediately start cascading down, but instead winds its way for about 1km before reaching Trafalgar Falls. Also, Dominica is halfway up the Caribbean (the northernmost of the Windward Islands), and when you speak of being close to Venezuela, I think of Trinidad or the ABC islands. -- ToE 00:57, 14 February 2018 (UTC)

February 15

Does Google not like the New York Times?

For example, on googlenews a few minutes ago, there were many, many news organizations linked for today's shooting murders at a Florida high school, but no link for the nyt. At that moment, there was at least one posted story about the shooting on the nyt website.Rich (talk) 03:44, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

Google has complex algorithms for deciding what news to show you. Every user gets a unique experience, and it's impossible to say why you are not seeing a particular link in their searches; your experience is not universal. --Jayron32 03:47, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

Also, the NYT, of which I am not exactly a fan philosophically, does at least usually wait to have a factually substantiated and analytical article to print before it addresses BREAKING NEWS. For a running chyron look elsewhere. μηδείς (talk) 04:58, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

When I Newsgoogle "no words", they're number one. InedibleHulk (talk) 05:07, February 15, 2018 (UTC)

Non-profit UK

I've been organising events of various sorts for a while, small gatherings of people with similar interests, and for the last few months have been working towards a larger organised event, one with tickets sold in advance, with a big budget for equipment hire and advertising and decoration, all paid for out of the ticket prices. My understanding from talking to other people that have done similar before is that I would want to register an official company to handle all this finance and other such details, likely some sort of non-profit organisation, since it's a not profitable group, run by volunteers, and associated with some local charities, but I'm not sure what type of organisation or where to go to register such, I'm having trouble navigating the government website, which I assume is where it'll have to be now, and thought maybe someone that's been there before might be able to help?

86.12.226.180 (talk) 12:46, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

• This might help - https://www.gov.uk/set-up-a-social-enterprise Dalliance (talk) 13:09, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

Looking through that, it seems I'd want to just register a limited company and then tell people it's a non-profit organisation, there doesn't seem to be any separation between them. Most of what I need for now is some way of making the bank account for the event tickets be in the name of some organising company, rather than my personal account. Looking down the list, it wouldn't count as any sort of charity, sole trader seems to be what I already have for my tax self assessment, rather than a separate organisation, so it'd need to be registered as a standard limited company, even though I don't have any directors or business premises or shares. 86.12.226.180 (talk) 13:46, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

• We do not offer legal, financial, or tax advice. You would be best served by contacting a financial advisor or some other professional that specializes in this sort of thing.--WaltCip (talk) 13:57, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

I think I have it now, only part I'm stuck on is that I can't register anything where the business address is the same as my home address. 86.12.226.180 (talk) 14:02, 15 February 2018 (UTC)

Why can't I edit a poorly written piece?

The Wiki article referencing the shooting at Marjory Stoneham Douglas High School is 'locked' "to prevent vandalism"? At the very end is a paragraph poorly written and badly in need of an edit... yet I cannot get in to mop up the mess. Why is this allowed? Shelaughs (talk) 15:11, 15 February 2018 (UTC)