Laki language: Difference between revisions

Laki
Laki
Lekî
لکی
Native to	Iran, Iraq, Turkey
Region	Central Zagros
Ethnicity	Laks
Native speakers	1.5 to 2.5 million (2000)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Iranian Western Iranian Northwestern Iranian I Lurish, Kurdish Laki; ; ; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	lki
Glottolog	laki1244
Linguasphere	58-AAC-aac

Browse history interactively

← Previous edit Next edit →

Content deleted Content added

VisualWikitext

Inline

Revision as of 19:45, 25 May 2019

Laki pronunciation^ⓘ ^[11](لکی; Lakî) is a speech variety that is either considered an independent Iranian language,^[12]^[13] a dialect of Southern Kurdish^[9]^[14]^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18] or a dialect of Lurish.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8] Lexical similarity with Khorramabadi Luristani is 78%, with Persian is 70%, and with Northern Luri is 69%.^[1]

Laki is presently spoken in the areas south of Hamadan and including the towns of Nahavand, Tuyserkan, kuhdasht, Nursbad, Ilam, Gilan, and Pahla (Pehle), as well as the countryside in the districts of Horru, Selasele, Silakhur, and the northern Aleshtar in western Iran. It is also spoken in Kermanshah province including Harsin, Bisotun, Sahneh, Zangane Tribe as well as the city of Kermanshah.

The syntax and vocabulary of Laki have been profoundly altered by Lurish language, a Southwest Iranic language. The basic grammar and verb systems of Laki are, like other Northwestern Iranian languages, especially the Zaza–Gorani languages, clearly Northwest Iranian. This relationship is further affirmed by remnants in Laki of the Kurdish grammatical hallmark, the ergative construction. Despite this, Shahsavari based on his linguistics and semantics characteristics concluded that Laki is obviously different from Kurdish.^[19]

References

^ ^a ^b Laki at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b B. Grimes (ed.), ‘Luri’, in Ethnologue (13th edition) (Dallas, 1996), p. 677; M. Ruhlen, A Guide to the World's Languages (Stanford, 1991), p. 327.
^ ^a ^b ایزدپناه، ح. فرهنگ لکی، مؤسسه فرهنگی جهانگیری، تهران ۱۳۶۷خ، ص ده (مقدمه)
^ ^a ^b "The Lurs of Iran". Cultural Survival. Retrieved 2015-09-21.
^ ^a ^b امان الاهی بهاروند، سکندر. قوم لر. تهران: آتیه، 1393
^ ^a ^b William J. Frawley, William Frawley, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics& 4-Volume Set, Volume 1, Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8, s. 310.
^ ^a ^b Albrecht Klose, Sprachen der Welt, De Gruyter, 2001, ISBN 978-3-598-11404-5, s. 227.
^ ^a ^b "Ethnologue 14 report for Iraq".
^ ^a ^b "Laki". Ethnologue.
^ Buǧnūrdī, zīr-i naẓar-i Kāẓim Mūsawī (2007). the great Islamic Encyclopedia (1 ed.). Tehran: the center for the great Islamic Encyclopedia. pp. 548, 549. ISBN 978-964-7025-04-1.
^ "Laki (Lakí) - Kurdish Academy of Language".
^ Shahsavari Faramarz(2010): Laki and Kurdish. Iran and the Caucasus: volume14, Number 1, Pages 79-82
^ Lakī and Kurdish, Author: Shahsavari, Faramarz, Source: Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 14, Number 1, 2010 , pp. 79-82(4)[1]
^ Windfuhr, G. (2009). The Iranian Languages, Routledge, p. 587
^ Rüdiger Schmitt: Die iranischen Sprachen in Gegenwart und Geschichte. Wiesbaden (Reichert) 2000.
^ Rüdiger Schmitt (Hg.): Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden (Reichert) 1989.
^ V. Minorsky, "Lak", Encyclopaedia of Islam.
^ Hulst, Harry van der; Goedemans, Rob; Zanten, Ellen van (2011). A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110198966. KURDISH: Central Kurdish, Northern Kurdish, Laki, Southern Kurdish
^ Shahsavari, Faramarz, Source: Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 14, Number 1, 2010 , pp. 79-82(4)[2]

External links

[e18-1] Laki at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)

[B._Grimes_1996_p._677-2] B. Grimes (ed.), ‘Luri’, in Ethnologue (13th edition) (Dallas, 1996), p. 677; M. Ruhlen, A Guide to the World's Languages (Stanford, 1991), p. 327.

[ReferenceA-3] ایزدپناه، ح. فرهنگ لکی، مؤسسه فرهنگی جهانگیری، تهران ۱۳۶۷خ، ص ده (مقدمه)

[The_Lurs_of_Iran-4] "The Lurs of Iran". Cultural Survival. Retrieved 2015-09-21.

[ToolAutoGenRef1-5] امان الاهی بهاروند، سکندر. قوم لر. تهران: آتیه، 1393

[William_J._Frawley_2003-6] William J. Frawley, William Frawley, International Encyclopedia of Linguistics& 4-Volume Set, Volume 1, Oxford University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8, s. 310.

[Albrecht_Klose_2001-7] Albrecht Klose, Sprachen der Welt, De Gruyter, 2001, ISBN 978-3-598-11404-5, s. 227.

[archive.ethnologue.com-8] "Ethnologue 14 report for Iraq".

[Ethnologue-9] "Laki". Ethnologue.

[cgie-10] Buǧnūrdī, zīr-i naẓar-i Kāẓim Mūsawī (2007). the great Islamic Encyclopedia (1 ed.). Tehran: the center for the great Islamic Encyclopedia. pp. 548, 549. ISBN 978-964-7025-04-1.

[11] "Laki (Lakí) - Kurdish Academy of Language".

[12] Shahsavari Faramarz(2010): Laki and Kurdish. Iran and the Caucasus: volume14, Number 1, Pages 79-82

[13] Lakī and Kurdish, Author: Shahsavari, Faramarz, Source: Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 14, Number 1, 2010 , pp. 79-82(4)[1]

[14] Windfuhr, G. (2009). The Iranian Languages, Routledge, p. 587

[15] Rüdiger Schmitt: Die iranischen Sprachen in Gegenwart und Geschichte. Wiesbaden (Reichert) 2000.

[16] Rüdiger Schmitt (Hg.): Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden (Reichert) 1989.

[17] V. Minorsky, "Lak", Encyclopaedia of Islam.

[sow-18] Hulst, Harry van der; Goedemans, Rob; Zanten, Ellen van (2011). A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110198966. KURDISH: Central Kurdish, Northern Kurdish, Laki, Southern Kurdish

[19] Shahsavari, Faramarz, Source: Iran and the Caucasus, Volume 14, Number 1, 2010 , pp. 79-82(4)[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

Revision as of 19:45, 25 May 2019

See also

References

External links