Bibliography of George Washington: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 18:51, 26 June 2019

This bibliography of George Washington is a selected list of written and published works about George Washington (1732–1799). Google Scholar lists over 6000 scholarly books and articles with his name in the title.^[1]

It covers his life in general or in part and includes primary sources containing Washington's works, letters, records, diaries, etc. The literature on Washington is immense, his biographers and editors having lived in four separate centuries. Many of the publications listed here lend themselves to Washington in a biographical capacity, while many cover specific events and other topics where Washington is the central or an important figure. Publications covering subjects such as 'The Winter at Valley Forge', 'The Battle of Brooklyn' and Washington's farewell address are well placed and can be found in this bibliography. Washington was diligent about keeping records, maintained many dairies throughout his adult life, and corresponded with many prominent figures, family members and friends. At this late date nearly all of Washington's writings have been studied, transcribed, organized, edited and published by a good number of historians over the years, providing the basis by which the many biographical accounts of Washington's life have been written.

Washington overview

George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the first President of the United States (1789–97), the Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War, and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He presided over the convention that drafted the current United States Constitution and during his lifetime was called the "father of his country", and widely considered so by many historians today. Washington left volumes of letters, diaries and other documents that historians continue to draw on for insight into Washington's life and early American history overall.

Evolution of Washington biographies

Biographies of George Washington number nearly as many as those for all other major figures in the American Revolution combined, and comprise only a portion of the literature of Washington altogether.^[2]

The first biographer of George Washington was Mason Weems, famous for his anecdote of the young Washington chopping down a cheery tree, i.e."I cannot tell a lie...", who first published his The Life of George Washington in 1800 and subsequently in 1804–1807^[3]^[a] setting the tone for many popular biographies that eventually followed.^[6] Washington was so central to the story of the American Revolution and the government after 1787 that virtually all the early histories celebrated him as the model American and President. They were handicapped however by lack of access to his private papers and by haphazard availability of his official papers as general and president.^[7]

A number of years after Washington's death passed before much of the finer and more intimate biographical information on Washington began to emerge, as this information could only be found in Washington's letters and diaries, most of which were still in the hands of family members and other private individuals. The greater public only had access to accounts from newspapers and various official documents. It wasn't until 1833 that a more comprehensive account of Washington's personal life became known. The first such account was authored by Jared Sparks, considered the best informed man on Washington in his day^[8] and the first biographer who was given access to Washington's many letters by Washington's nephew Bushrod Washington. Sparks published The Writings of George Washington, published in twelve volumes between 1833 and 1837, and The Life of George Washington in 1839. Sparks was sometimes criticized for editing Washington's spelling, grammar and various phrases.^[9]

Chief Justice John Marshall, an ardent Federalist from Virginia, greatly admired Washington, and between 1804 and 1807 published a highly detailed five-volume biography. It greatly shaped the scholarly image of Washington for the 19th century. Marshall's Life of Washington was based on records and papers also provided to him by the Washington family and reflected Marshall's Federalist principles. His revised and condensed two-volume Life of Washington was published in 1832.^[10] Historians have often praised its accuracy and well-reasoned judgments, while noting Marshall's frequent paraphrases of published sources such as William Gordon's 1801 history of the Revolution and the British Annual Register.^[11]

In the 20th century, by far the most comprehensive biography was written by Douglas Southall Freeman in seven volumes, 1948–1957. A recent evaluation of its 3582 pages concludes, "Although a few specific interpretations have been supplanted, this remains the most comprehensive study of Washington and the best place to check for specific activities, military movements, and decisions."^[12] Freeman's research was thorough, and the story is told from Washington's own viewpoint. Freeman wrote, "the great big thing stamped across that man is character." By character, says David Hackett Fischer "Freeman meant integrity, self-discipline, courage, absolute honesty, resolve, and decision, but also forbearance, decency, and respect for others."^[13] Freeman posthumously won a Pulitzer Prize in 1958 for his work,^[14] and James T. Flexner's, George Washington: The Indispensable Man, in four volumes (1965–1972), also won the Pulitzer Prize in 2005.^[15]^[16] Joseph J. Ellis, His Excellency: George Washington (2005) has frequently been praised as an interpretive essay. David Hackett Fischer's long, intense, microscopic study of the December 1775 campaign Washington's Crossing (2004) likewise won a Pulitzer Prize in 2005.^[17] The most recent major biography is Washington: A Life (2011) by Ron Chernow, which won Chernow a Pulitzer Prize in 2011.^[18] Chernow estimates that to date^[b] more than 900 books have been written about George Washington.^[19] Many of these works are now in the public domain, can be freely downloaded,^[c] and are denoted with 'eBook' following the book's entry.

Primary sources and documents

After Washington died the huge volumes of his writings and documents were bequeathed to his nephew, Bushrod Washington.^[20] Not long after Washington's death Bushrod prevailed upon several authors to write Washington's biography. He first approached Washington's old friend and compatriot John Marshall^[d] to write a biography, offering all of Washington's letters, manuscripts and diaries to help in the effort, to which Marshall agreed, subsequently producing his five-volume biography of George Washington, first published between 1804 and 1807. With its many references to various letters and documents, Marshall's five-volume work became the sole comprehensive source for Washington and his life that served advanced readers for several decades. Finally in 1833 Bushrod also allowed Jared Sparks access to Washington's letters, and in 1839 Sparks published his two-volume, The Life of George Washington, which drew on the same abundance of primary sources. He also produced a large 12-volume work outlining Washington's writings, published between 1833 and 1837. Sparks was sometimes criticized for silently editing Washington's spelling, grammar and various phrases.^[23]^[24] Another major compilation of Washington's writings was published from 1889 to 1893 by historian Worthington Chauncey Ford in a fourteen-volume set of The Writings of George Washington. The next major compilation didn't appear until John Clement Fitzpatrick compiled and edited a thirty-nine volume work, also entitled, The Writings of George Washington, (1931–1944), using much of the same original manuscript sources as Sparks and Ford.^[25] Historian Donald Jackson and Dorothy Twohig in 1984 published what is now considered by historian John R. Alden the best edition of Washington's diaries, in six volumes.^[26]

The Library of Congress has a comprehensive bibliography,^[27] as well as online scans of diaries, letterbooks, financial papers and military papers. Washington biographer Ron Chernow estimates that to date more than 900 books have been written about George Washington.^[28]

Biographical

Abbott, Jacob (1865). Washington. Sheldon & Company. (eBook)
Achenbach, Joel (2004). The Grand Idea: George Washington's Potomac and the Race to the West. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84857-0.
Adams, Henry (1911). "The Life of George Washington". (eBook)
Alden, John R. (1984). George Washington. A biography. LSU Press. ISBN 9780807141083.
Ambler, Charles Henry (1936). George Washington and the West. University of North Carolina Press.
Baker, William Spohn (1886). Character Portraits of Washington as Delineated by Historians, Orators and divines. HardPress Publishing. (eBook)
Baker, William Spohn (1889). Bibliotheca Washingtoniana: A Descriptive List of the Biographies and Biographical Sketches of George Washington. Robert M. Lindsay. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook}
Bancroft, Aaron (1807). An essay on the life of George Washington. Worcester, Ma.: Thomas & Sturtevant. (eBook)
Bancroft, Aaron (1826). The life of George Washington, commander in chief of the American army, through the revolutionary war; and the first president of the United States. Boston, T. Bedlington. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Betts, William W. (2013). The Nine Lives of George Washington. iUniverse. ISBN 9781475985177.
Billias, George Athan (1994). George Washington's Generals and Opponents: Their Exploits and Leadership. Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-3068-0560-8.
Blanchard, Charles A. (1910). Washington. Was Washington a freemason?. Chicago, Ill., National Christian Association.
Boller, Paul F. (1963). George Washington & Religion. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press. OCLC 563800860.
Bourne, Miriam Anne (1982). First Family: George Washington And His Intimate Relations. W. W. Norton & Company.
Brookhiser, Richard (1996). Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-684-82291-1.
Brumwell, Stephen (2012). George Washington, Gentleman Warrior. Great Britain, Quercus Publishers. ISBN 978-1-8491-6546-4.
Buchanan, John (2004). The Road to Valley Forge: How Washington Built the Army That Won the Revolution. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-471-44156-4.
Burns, James MacGregor; Dunn, Susan (2004). George Washington. New York: Times Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-6936-5.
Callahan, Charles Hilliard (1913). Washington, the man and the mason. National Capital Press.
Carrington,, Henry Beebee (1899). Washington, the soldier. Charles Scribner's sons.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) (eBook)
Caven, John (1900). Washington; a mason. Indianapolis, Press of W. B. Burford.
Chadwick, Bruce (2005). George Washington's War: The Forging of a Revolutionary Leader and the American Presidency. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4022-2610-6.
Chadwick, Bruce (2007). General and Mrs. Washington: The Untold Story of a Marriage and a Revolution. Sourcebooks, Inc. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Chernow, Ron (2010). Washington: A Life. New York: Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-266-7. WP article
Claudy, C. H. (1981). Washington's home and fraternal life. Masonic Service Association.
Connell, Janice T. (2007) [2003]. The Spiritual Journey of George Washington. Hatherleigh Press. ISBN 978-1-5782-6248-9.
Washington, George (1879). Conway, Moncure Daniel (ed.). George Washington and Mount Vernon. Vol. vol 1-3. Brooklyn, N.Y., Long Island Historical Society. {{cite book}}: |volume= has extra text (help) (eBook)
Corey, John (1809). The life of George Washington, first president, and commander in chief of the armies of the United States of America;. M'Carty & White, New York. (eBook)
Cunliffe, Marcus (1982). George Washington, Man and Monument. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC 58007859.
Dalzell, Robert F., Jr.; Dalzell, Lee Baldwin (1998). George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512114-7.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Decatur, Stephen, Jr.; Lear, Tobias (1933). Private Affairs of George Washington: From the Records and Accounts of Tobias Lear, Esquire, His Secretary. Houghton Mifflin.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Douglas, Thomas (1853). Washington a free mason [sic]. Tallahassee, Printed at the Sentinel office.
Edwards, Roberta (2009). Who was George Washington?. illustrated by True Kelley. New York: Grosset & Dunlap. ISBN 978-0-448-44892-3. Juvenile audience
Ellis, Joseph J. (2004). His Excellency: George Washington. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 1-4000-4031-0., Wikipedia article on book
Espinosa, Gastón (2009). Religion and the American Presidency: George Washington to George W. Bush with Commentary and Primary Sources. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-14332-5.
Ferling, John E. (2000). Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-513409-5.
Ferling, John E. (2009). The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon. New York: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-59691-465-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Ferling, John E. (2010) [1988]. First of Men: A Life of George Washington. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-539867-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Fischer, David Hackett (2004). Washington's Crossing. Oxford, England; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517034-2. WP article for Pulitzer Prize–winning book
Fleming, Thomas (2006). Washington's Secret War: The Hidden History of Valley Forge. Harper Collins. ISBN 9780060872939.
Fleming, Thomas (2015). The Great Divide: The Conflict between Washington and Jefferson that Defined a Nation. Da Capo Press. ISBN 9780306822360. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Fishman, Ethan M.; Pederson, William D.; Rozell, Mark J., eds. (2001). George Washington, Foundation of Presidential Leadership and Character. Westport, Conn: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96868-5.
Fitzpatrick, John Clement (2009) [1923]. Calendar of the Correspondence of George Washington. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-1136-5013-9.
Fitzpatrick, John Clement (1933). George Washington himself; a common-sense biography written from his manuscripts,. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Flexner, James Thomas (1965). George Washington: the Forge of Experience, 1732–1775. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC 426484.
Flexner, James Thomas (1972). George Washington: Anguish and Farewell 1793–1799. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-3162-8602-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Flexner, James Thomas (1979). Washington: The Indispensable Man. Boston: Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-28605-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Ford, Paul Leicester (1898). The True George Washington. Lippincott. (eBook)
Fraser, Flora (2015). The Washingtons: George and Martha, "Join'd by Friendship, Crown'd by Love". Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-27278-2.
Freeman, Douglas Southall (1948–1957). George Washington, a Biography. Vol. v.7. New York: Scribner. OCLC 732644234. Pulitzer Prize–winning book
Gregg, Gary L., II; Spalding, Matthew, eds. (1999). Patriot Sage: George Washington and the American Political Tradition. Wilmington, Del: ISI Books. ISBN 1-882926-38-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
Grizzard, Frank E., Jr. (2002). George Washington: A Biographical Companion. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-57607-082-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Grizzard, Frank E., Jr. (2005). George!: A Guide to All Things Washington. Buena Vista, Va: Mariner Pub. ISBN 0-9768238-0-2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Grizzard, Frank E., Jr. (2005). The Ways of Providence: Religion & George Washington. Buena Vista, Va: Mariner Pub. ISBN 0-9768238-1-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Guernsey, Lucy Ellen (1876). Washington and seventy-six. American Sunday-school Union.
Harvey, Tamara; O'Brien, Greg, eds. (2004). George Washington's South. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0-8130-2689-X.
Hale, Edward Everett (1888). The life of George Washington. G. P. Putnam's sons. {eBook)
Harrison, Adrienne M. (2015). A Powerful Mind: The Self-Education of George Washington. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-1-6123-4791-2.
Hayes, Kevin J. (2017). George Washington: A Life in Books. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190456672.
Henriques, Peter R. (2006). Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 0-8139-2547-9.
Higginbotham, Don (1987). George Washington and the American Military Tradition. Athens: University of Georgia Press. ISBN 0-8203-0786-6.
Higginbotham, Don, ed. (2001). George Washington Reconsidered. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0-8139-2005-1. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Higginbotham, Don (2002). George Washington: Uniting a Nation. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-2208-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Hirschfeld, Fritz (1997). George Washington and Slavery: A Documentary Portrayal. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-1135-6.
Hirschfeld, Fritz (2005). George Washington and the Jews. University of Delaware Press. ISBN 9780874139273. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Hofstra, Warren R., ed. (1998). George Washington and the Virginia Backcountry. Madison, Wis: Madison House. ISBN 0-945612-50-8.
Hughes, Rupert (1926). George Washington: The Rebel and the Patriot... New York: W. Morrow & Co. OCLC 17399028. (eBook)
Humphreys, David (2006). Life of General Washington. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-2824-9.

Irving, Washington (1856). Life of George Washington. Vol. v.1. G.P. Putnam's sons. (eBook)
Irving, Washington (1856). Life of George Washington. Vol. v.2. G.P. Putnam's sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Irving, Washington (1856). Life of George Washington. Vol. v.3. G.P. Putnam's sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Irving, Washington (1857). Life of George Washington. Vol. v.4. G.P. Putnam's sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Irving, Washington (1869). Life of George Washington. Vol. v.5. G.P. Putnam's sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)

Johnson, Bradley Tyler (1894). General Washington. Appleton and Company.
Johnson, Paul (2005). George Washington: The Founding Father. New York: Atlas Books/HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-075365-X.
Johnston, Elizabeth Bryant (1894). George Washington Day by Day. Library Reprints, Incorporated. (eBook)
Johnstone, William Jackson (1919). George Washington the Christian. Abingdon Press. (eBook)
Kapsch, Robert J. (2007). The Potomac Canal: George Washington and the Waterway West. Morgantown, W.V: West Virginia University Press. ISBN 978-1-933202-18-1.
Knollenberg, Bernhard (1964). George Washington: the Virginia period, 1732–1775. Duke University Press. ISBN 9781933202181.
Kwasny, Mark Vincent (1998). Washington's Partisan War, 1775–1783. Kent State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8733-8611-1.
Leckie, Robert (2010) [1993]. George Washington's War: The Saga of the American Revolution. Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-0620-1536-5.
Leibiger, Stuart E. (1999). Founding Friendship: George Washington, James Madison, and the Creation of the American Republic. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0-8139-1882-0.
Lengel, Edward G. (2005). General George Washington: A Military Life. New York: Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6081-8.
Lengel, Edward G. (2012). A Companion to George Washington. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-1182-1992-8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Lengel, Edward (2016). First Entrepreneur: How George Washington Built His – and the Nation's – Prosperity. Edward Lengel. ISBN 978-0-3068-2348-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Levy, Philip (2013). Where the Cherry Tree Grew: The Story of Ferry Farm, George Washington's Boyhood Home. Macmillan & Co. ISBN 978-1-2500-2314-8.
Lewis, Thomas A. (1993). For King and Country: The Maturing of George Washington, 1748–1760. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN 978-0-0601-6777-6.
Lillback, Peter A.; Newcombe, Jerry (2006). George Washington's Sacred Fire. Bryn Mawr, Pa: Providence Forum Press. ISBN 0-9786052-5-X., 1187 pages
Lodge, Henry Cabot (1889). George Washington. Vol. v.1. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co. OCLC 659431169. (eBook)
Lodge, Henry Cabot (1889). George Washington. Vol. v.2. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin and Co. OCLC 659431169. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)

Mann, Barbara Alice (2005). George Washington's War on Native America. Westport, Conn: Praeger. ISBN 0-275-98177-0.
Marling, Larl (1988). George Washington Slept Here: Colonial Revivals and American Culture, 1876–1986. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-6743-4951-3.

John, Marshall; Washington, Bushrod (1804). The life of George Washington. Vol. v.1. C.P. Wayne. OCLC 03459836. (eBook)
Marshall, John; Washington, Bushrod (1804). The life of George Washington. Vol. v.2. C.P. Wayne. OCLC 3658046. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Marshall, John (1804). The life of George Washington. Vol. v.3. C.P. Wayne. OCLC 3658046. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Marshall, John (1804). The life of George Washington. Vol. v.4. C.P. Wayne. OCLC 1548385. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Marshall, John (1807). The life of George Washington. Vol. v.5. C.P. Wayne. OCLC 1548385. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)

McDonald, Forrest (1974). The Presidency of George Washington. Lawrence, Kan: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0110-4.
McGuire, Edward Charles (1836). The Religious Opinions and Character of Washington. Harper & Brothers. (eBook)
Morgan, Edmund S. (1980). The Genius of George Washington. New York: Norton. ISBN 0-393-01440-1.
Middlekauff, Robert (2015). Washington's Revolution: The Making of America's First Leader. (Excerpt: the revolution from General Washington's perspective)
Mitchell, Silas Weir (1904). The youth of Washington : told in the form of an autobiography. The Century Co., New York.
Morrison, Jeffry H. (2009). The Political Philosophy of George Washington. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-9109-0.
Guizot, M. Francis; Reeve, Henry (1840). Washington. John Murray. (eBook)
Nelson, James (2008). George Washington's Secret Navy: How the American Revolution Went to Sea. McGraw Hill Professional. ISBN 978-0-0716-4342-9.
Nelson, James (2010). George Washington's Great Gamble: And the Sea Battle That Won the American Revolution. McGraw Hill Professional. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
O'Brien, Conor Cruise (2009). First in Peace: How George Washington Set the Course for America. Foreword by Christopher Hitchens. Cambridge: Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81619-2.
Palmer, Dave Richard (2012). George Washington's Military Genius. Regnery Publishing. ISBN 9781596983137.
Paulding, James Kirke (1835). A Life of Washington. Vol. v.1. George Clark and Son. (eBook)
Paulding, James Kirke (1835). A Life of Washington. Vol. v.2. George Clark and Son. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Peterson, Barbara Bennett (2005). George Washington, America's Moral Exemplar. New York: Nova History Publications. ISBN 1-59454-230-9.
Phelps, Glenn A. (1993). George Washington and American Constitutionalism. Lawrence, Kan: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-0564-9.
Prussing, Eugene Ernst (1927). The estate of George Washington, deceased. Little, Brown, and Company.
Ramsay, David (1832). The Life of George Washington: Commander in Chief of the Armies of the United States of America, Throughout the War which Established Their Independence, and First President of the United States. Joseph Jewett, and cushing & Sons. (eBook)
Randall, Willard Sterne (1997). George Washington: A Life. New York: Henry Holt & Co. ISBN 0-8050-2779-3.
Rasmussen, William M. S.; Tilton, Robert S. (1999). George Washington – the Man Behind the Myths. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0-8139-1900-2.
Reed, Anna C. (1832). Life of Washington. American Sunday school union. ISBN 978-0-8905-1578-5.
Rowe, Jonathan (2008). "Washington, George (1732–1799)". In Hamowy, Ronald (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Cato Institute. pp. 535–37. ISBN 978-1412965804. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
Schwarz, Philip J. (2001). Slavery at the Home of George Washington. Mount Vernon, Va: Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. ISBN 978-0-931917-38-7.
Scudder, Horace Elisha (1889). George Washington: An Historical Biography. Houghton, Mifflin. (eBook)
Simpson, Stephen (1833). The lives of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson with a parallel. Henry Young Printers, Philadelphia.
Smith, Richard Norton (1993). Patriarch: George Washington and the New American Nation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-395-52442-3.
Sparks, Jared (1839). The Life of George Washington. Ferdinand Andrews, Boston. (eBook)
Sparks, Jared (1839). The life of George Washington, commander-in-chief of the American armies, and first president of the United States:. Vol. v.2. London Henry Colburn Publishers. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Thompson, Ray (1971). Washington at Germantown. Bicentennial Press. ASIN B0006CC2FS.
Washington, Austin (2014). The Education of George Washington: How a forgotten book shaped the character of a hero. Regnery Publishing.
Weems, Mason Locke (1833) [1800]. The Life of George Washington: With Curious Ancedotes, Equally Honourale to Himself, and Exemplary to His Young Countrymen. Joseph Allen Publishers.
Wiencek, Henry (2003). An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 0-374-17526-8.
Wilson, Woodrow (2004) [1905]. George Washington. Cosimo, Inc.; Original publisher: Harper and Brothers. ISBN 1-59605-007-1.
Wister, Owen (1907). The seven ages of Washington; a biography. New York, The Macmillan Company. (eBook)

Events, government and ideas

Alberts, Robert C. (1975). A charming field for an encounter: the story of George Washington's Fort Necessity. National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior.
Allen, William Barclay (2008). George Washington: America's First Progressive. Peter Lang. ISBN 978-1-4331-0371-1.
Anderson, Fred (2006) [2000]. Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-40642-3.
Anderson, Fred (2006). The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-03454-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Baldwin, Leland D. (1939). Whiskey Rebels: The Story of a Frontier Uprising. University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-8229-9053-6.
Bartoloni-Tuazon, Kathleen (2014). For Fear of an Elective King: George Washington and the Presidential Title Controversy of 1789. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9780801471902.
Beck, Derek W. (2016). The War Before Independence: 1775–1776. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4926-3310-5.
Bemis, Samuel Flagg (2013). The Diplomacy Of The American Revolution. Read Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-4474-8515-5.
Bickham, Troy O. (January 2002). "Sympathizing with Sedition? George Washington, the British Press, and British Attitudes during the American War of Independence". The William and Mary Quarterly. v.59 (1). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. doi:10.2307/3491639. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 3491639.
Binney, Horace (1859). An inquiry into the formation of Washington's Farewell address. Philadelphia: Parry & McMillan. (eBook)
Blackaby, Anita D. (1986). Washington and the American Revolution: A Guide to the Campaigns in Pennsylvania & New Jersey. Council of American Revolutionary Sites. ISBN 9780961632304.
Bodle, Wayne (2010). Valley Forge Winter: Civilians and Soldiers in War. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-2710-4546-7.
Bordewich, Fergus M. (2016). The First Congress: How James Madison, George Washington, and a Group of Extraordinary Men Invented the Government. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781451692136.
Bowen, Clarence Winthrop (1892). The history of the Centennial celebration of the inauguration of George Washington as first president of the United States, Part 1. D. Appleton and Company, New York.
Boughton, Willis A. (1944). The Battle of Brooklyn. Exposition Press.
Breen, T.H. (2016). George Washington's Journey: The President Forges a New Nation. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781451675443.
Breen, Eleanor E.; White, Esther C. (2006). "A Pretty Considerable Distillery—Excavating George Washington's Whiskey Distillery" (PDF). Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Virginia. v.61 (4). Archeological Society of Virginia. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2011. Retrieved November 4, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Bruggerman, Seth C. (2011). Here, George Washington Was Born: Memory, Material Culture, and the Public History of a National Monument. University of Georgia Press.
Busch, Noel Fairchild (1974). Winter Quarters: George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge. Liveright publishers. ISBN 978-0-8714-0587-6.
Carbone, Gerald M. (2010). Washington: Lessons in Leadership. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-2306-1707-0.
Carson, Hampton L. (1919). Washington at Valley Forge. The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. (eBook)
Carp, E. Wayne (1990). To Starve the Army at Pleasure: Continental Army Administration and American Political Culture, 1775–1783. UNC Press Books. ISBN 9780807842690.
Clary, David A. (2011). George Washington's First War: His Early Military Adventures. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4391-8112-6.
Cleland, Hugh (1956). George Washington in the Ohio Valley. University of Pittsburgh Press. ISBN 978-0-8229-7537-3.
Cohen, Sheldon S. (April 1991). "Monuments to Greatness: George Dance, Charles Polhill, and Benjamin West's Design for a Memorial to George Washington". Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. v.99 (2). JSTOR 4249215.
Combs, Jerald A. (1970). The Jay Treaty: Political Battleground of the Founding Fathers. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-5200-1573-9.
Davis, Burke (1975). George Washington and the American Revolution. Random House.
Elkins, Stanley M.; McKitrick, Eric (1995) [1993]. The Age of Federalism. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509381-0. the leading scholarly history of the 1790s
Ellis, Joseph J. (2015). The Quartet: Orchestrating the Second American Revolution, 1783–1789. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-3853-5341-0.
Estes, Todd (2001). "The Art of Presidential Leadership: George Washington and the Jay Treaty". Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. v.109 (2). Virginia Historical Society: 127–58. ISSN 0042-6636. Archived from the original on 2011-12-05. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Falkof, Lucille (1989). George Washington, 1st President of the United States. Garrett Educational Corporation. ISBN 978-0-9444-8319-0.
Ferling, John (2007). Almost a Miracle. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-1997-5847-0.
Fitzpatrick, John Clement (1929). The George Washington Scandals, Volume 356. Washington Society of Alexandria.
Fitzpatrick, John Clement (1970) [1924]. The Spirit of the Revolution: New Light from Some of the Original Sources of American History. Associated Faculty Pr Inc. ISBN 978-0804612685. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Fiske, John (1891). The American Revolution, Volume 1. Houghton Mifflin.
Fiske, John (1896). The American Revolution, Volume 2. Riverside Press. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Fowler, William M. American Crisis: George Washington and the Dangerous Two Years After Yorktown, 1781–1783. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. ISBN 9780802778093.
Freedman, Russell (2008). Washington at Valley Forge. New York: Holiday House.
Gallagher, John J (2009). The Battle of Brooklyn 1776 . Da Capo Press.
Galowitz, Sam W. (2007). Revolutionary War, Battle of Brooklyn. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4257-6860-7.
Gingrich, Newt; Forstchen, William R.; Hanser, Albert S. (2010). Valley Forge: George Washington and the Crucible of Victory. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1-4299-3978-2.
Greenberg, Allan Carl (1999). George Washington, Architect. Papadakis Publisher. ISBN 978-1-9010-9218-9.
Harned, David Baily (2015). Leadership and Unnatural Virtues: George Washington and the Patience of Power; In Patience: How We Wait Upon the World. Wipf & Stock. Revised and excerpted as "George Washington and the Patience of Power." Modern Age: A Quarterly Review 57, no. 4 (Fall 2015): 35–43.
Heidler, David S.; Heidler, Jeanne (2015). Washington's Circle: The Creation of the President. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-6796-0383-2.
Higginbotham, Don (July 1, 1990). "The Washington Theme in Recent Historical Literature". Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. v.114 (3). Historical Society of Pennsylvania: 423–38.
Hogeland, William (2006). The Whiskey Rebellion. Schriber. ISBN 978-0-7432-5490-8.
Hough, Franklin Benjamin (1865). Washingtoniana, or, Memorials of the death of George Washington : giving an account of the funeral honors paid to his memory, with a list of tracts and volumes printed upon the occasion.
Hünemörder, Markus (2006). The Society of the Cincinnati: Conspiracy and Distrust in Early America. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-8454-5107-3. (Washington was president of the Society)
Jenkins, Charles Francis (1905). Washington in Germantown: Being an Account of the Various Visits of the Commander-in-chief and First President to Germantown, Pennsylvania. W.J. Campbell. (eBook)
Johnston, Henry Phelps, 1842–1923 (1878). The campaign of 1776 around New York and Brooklyn. Brooklyn, N.Y., Long island historical Society.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (eBook)
Kahler, Gerald E. (2003). Washington in glory, America in tears. University of Virginia Press.
Kahler, Gerald E. (2008). The Long Farewell: Americans Mourn the Death of George Washington. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-2750-3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Kilmeade, Brian; Don, Yaege (2013). George Washington's Secret Six: The Spy Ring That Saved the American Revolution. Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0-6981-3765-3.
Kohn, Richard H. (1970). "The Inside History of the Newburgh Conspiracy". The William and Mary Quarterly. 27 (2): 187–220. JSTOR 1918650.
Kohn, Richard H. (1972). "The Washington's Administration to Crush the Whiskey rebellion". The Journal of American History. Free Press. JSTOR 1900658. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Kohn, Richard H. (1975). Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780029175514. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
LaBan, Craig (February 21, 2010). "Hercules: Washington's Chef". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
Larson, Edward (2014). The Return of George Washington: Uniting the States, 1783–1789. Harper Collins. ISBN 9780062248695.
Lefkowitz, Arthur S. (2003). George Washington's Indispensable Men: The 32 Aides-de-camp who Helped Win American Independence. Stackpole Books. ISBN 978-0-8117-1646-8.
Lossing, Benson John (1870). Washington and the American republic. Vol. v.1. New York, Virtue & Yorston. (eBook)
Lossing, Benson John (1870). Washington and the American republic. Vol. v.2. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Lossing, Benson John (1870). Washington and the American republic. Vol. v.3. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)

Madison, Ann (1932). History of the George Washington bicentennial celebration. Washington, D.C., United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission. (eBook)
Manca, Joseph (2012). George Washington's Eye: Landscape, Architecture, and Design at Mount Vernon. JHU Press. ISBN 9781421405612.
Mazyck, Walter H. (1932). George Washington and the Negro. Associated Publishers, Incorporated.
McCullough, David (2005). 1776. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-8770-8. WP article: 1776
Miller, John Chester (1960). The Federalist Era, 1789–1801. New York: Harper. OCLC 425211.
McDonald, Robert M. S. (2013). Sons of the Father: George Washington and His Protégés. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-3439-6.
Muñoz, Vincent Phillip (Winter 2003). "George Washington on Religious Liberty". The Review of Politics. v.65 (1). University of Notre Dame: 11–33. doi:10.1017/S0034670500036512. ISSN 0034-6705. JSTOR 1408786.
Penniman, James Hosmer (1951). George Washington at Mount Vernon on the Potomac. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association of the Union.
Philbrick, Nathaniel (2016). Valiant Ambition: George Washington, Benedict Arnold, and the Fate of the American Revolution. Penguin Press. ISBN 9780698153233.
Ray, Smith Eugnie Marie (2009). The Battle of Brooklyn. BiblioBazaar. ISBN 978-1-1135-4761-3.
Richards, Dave (2014). Swords in Their Hands: George Washington and the Newburgh Conspiracy. Pisgah Press. ISBN 978-0-9853-8758-7.
Rose, Alexander (2007). Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-3074-1870-8.
Royster, Charles (1979). A Revolutionary People at War: The Continental Army and American Character, 1775–1783. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807846063.
Schwartz, Barry (1987). George Washington: The Making of an American Symbol. Free Press.
Sears, Louis Martin (1960). George Washington & the French Revolution. Wayne State University Press.
Slaughter, Philip. Christianity, the Key to the Character and Career of Washington: A Discourse Delivered Before the Ladies of the Mt. Vernon Association. T. Whittaker. (eBook)
Spalding, Matthew (Autumn 1996). "George Washington's Farewell Address". The Wilson Quarterly. v.20 (4). Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars: 65–71. ISSN 0363-3276. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
Treese, Lorett (2010). Valley Forge: Making and Remaking a National Symbol. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-2710-4173-5.
Vadakan, Vibul V., M.D. (Winter–Spring 2005). "A Physician Looks At The Death of Washington". The Early America Review. v.6 (1). DEV Communications. ISSN 1090-4247.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Varg, Paul A. (1963). Foreign Policies of the Founding Fathers. Baltimore: Penguin Books.

Wallenborn, White McKenzie, M.D. (5 November 1997). "George Washington's Terminal Illness: A Modern Medical Analysis of the Last Illness and Death of George Washington". The Papers of George Washington. University of Virginia. Archived from the original on 13 April 2005. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
White, Leonard D. (1948). The Federalists: A Study in Administrative History. New York: Macmillan Co. OCLC 1830658.
Williams, Tony; Knott, Stephen F (2015). Washington and Hamilton: The Alliance That Forged America. Sourcebooks, Inc. ISBN 978-1-4926-0984-1.
Wood, Gordon S. (Spring 1992). "The Greatness of George Washington". The Virginia Quarterly Review. v.68 (2). University of Virginia: 189–207. ISSN 2154-6932.
Wrong, George McKinnon (1921). Washington and his comrades in arms; a chronicle of the war of independence. Yale University Press, New Haven. (eBook)

Espionage

Harty, Jared B. "George Washington: Spymaster and General Who Saved the American Revolution" (Staff paper, No. ATZL-SWV. Army Command And General Staff College Fort Leavenworth, School Of Advanced Military Studies, 2012) online.
Kaplan, Roger. "The Hidden War: British Intelligence Operations during the American Revolution." William and Mary Quarterly (1990) 47#1: 115-138. online
Kilmeade, Brian, and Don Yaeger. George Washington's Secret Six: The Spy Ring that Saved the American Revolution (Penguin, 2016).
Mahoney, Harry Thayer, and Marjorie Locke Mahoney. Gallantry in action: A biographic dictionary of espionage in the American revolutionary war (University Press of America, 1999).
Misencik, Paul R. Sally Townsend, George Washington's Teenage Spy (McFarland, 2015).
O'Toole, George J.A. Honorable Treachery: A History of US Intelligence, Espionage, and Covert Action from the American Revolution to the CIA (2nd ed. 2014).
Rose, Alexander. Washington's Spies: The Story of America's First Spy Ring (2006)
Van Doren, Carl. Secret History of the American Revolution: An Account of the Conspiracies of Benedict Arnold and Numerous Others Drawn from the Secret Service (1941) online free

Primary sources

The greater volume of George Washington's known letters were first edited and published in the 19th century by several prominent historians. These works form the basis of all other such publications that followed.

Washington, George (1754). The journal of Major George Washington: sent by the Hon. Robert Dinwiddie, Esq; His Majesty's Lieutenant-governor, and commander in chief of Virginia, to the commandant of the French forces on Ohio: To which are added, the governor's letter and a translation of the French officer's answer. With a new map of the country as far as the Mississippi. London: Williamsburgh printed, London, reprinted for T. Jefferys. OCLC 67325346.
Washington, George (1983–1995). Abbot, W. W.; et al. (eds.). The Papers of George Washington. Vol. v.10. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. ISBN 0-8139-0912-0. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1988). Allen, W. B (ed.). George Washington: A Collection. Indianapolis: Liberty Classics. ISBN 0-86597-059-9. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1951). Baughman, Roland (ed.). "Washington's Manuscript Diaries of 1795 and 1798". The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America. 45 (2): 117–24. JSTOR 24298667. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1905). Bixby, William K; Samson, William Holland (eds.). Letters from George Washington to Tobias Lear. Genesee press, Rochester, N.Y. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1973). Boynton, Edward C; Carlisle, Edward (eds.). General orders of George Washington, Commander-in-Chief of the Army of Revolution, issued at Newburgh on the Hudson, 1782–1783. Harrison, N.Y., Harbor Hill Books. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Chinard, Gilbert, ed. (1969) [1940]. George Washington as the French Knew Him: A Collection of Texts. New York: Greenwood Press. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |authormask= (help)
Corry, John (1809). The life of George Washington, first president, and commander in chief of the armies of the United States of America;. M'Carty & White.
Corry, John (1810). Biographical memoirs of the illustrious general George Washington, late president of the United States of America, and commander in chief of their armies during the Revolutionary War . M'Carty & White. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Washington, George (1970) [1931–1944]. Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The Writings of Washington from the Original Manuscript Sources, 1745–1799. 39 vols. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govt. Printing Office; reprint, New York: Greenwood Press: United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission, and published by authority of Congress. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help); LC Call Number: E312.7 1931 39 volume biographical listing

Washington, George (1915). John Clement Fitzpatrick (ed.). Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army. Vol. v.1. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1915). John Clement Fitzpatrick (ed.). Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army. Vol. v.2. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1915). John Clement Fitzpatrick (ed.). Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army. Vol. v.3. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1915). John Clement Fitzpatrick (ed.). Calendar of the correspondence of George Washington, commander in chief of the Continental Army. Vol. v.4. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Washington, George (1939). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The Last Will and Testament of George Washington & Schedule of His Property. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union. ASIN B00CXK89RQ.

Washington, George (1925). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799. Vol. v.1. Houghton Mifflin. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1925). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799. Vol. v.2. Houghton Mifflin. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1925). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799. Vol. v.3. Houghton Mifflin. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1925). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The Diaries of George Washington, 1748–1799. Vol. v.4. Houghton Mifflin. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Washington, George (1889–1893). Ford, Worthington C (ed.). The Writings of George Washington. Vol. v.14 v. New York & London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. OCLC 1637240. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Washington, George (1898). Hamilton, Stanislaus Murray (ed.). Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1752–1756. Vol. v.1. The Society of the Colonial Dames of America. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Washington, George (1899). Hamilton, Stanislaus Murray (ed.). Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1756–1758. Vol. v.2. Houghton, Mifflin and Company. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Washington, George (1898). Hamilton, Stanislaus Murray (ed.). Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1758–1770. Vol. v.3. The Society of the Colonial Dames of America. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Washington, George (1898). Hamilton, Stanislaus Murray (ed.). Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1770–1774. Vol. v.4. The Society of the Colonial Dames of America. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Washington, George (1898). Hamilton, Stanislaus Murray (ed.). Letters to Washington, and accompanying papers, 1774–1775. Vol. v.5. The Society of the Colonial Dames of America. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)

Washington, George (1905). Hulbert, Archer Butler (ed.). Washington and the West; being George Washington's diary of September, 1784. Century Company, New York. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1970). Kitman, Marvin (ed.). George Washington's Expense Account. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-20589-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1906). Jared Sparks (ed.). Letters and Recollections of George Washington:
Being Letters to Tobias Lear and Others Between 1790 and 1799, Showing the First American in the Management of His Estate and Domestic Affairs ,. Archibald Constable and Company Limited. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook download options)

Washington, George (1997). Rhodehamel, John H (ed.). Writings. New York: Library of America: Distributed by Penguin Books. ISBN 1-883011-23-X. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1915). Sachse, Julius Friedrich (ed.). Washington's masonic correspondence as found among the Washington papers in the Library of Congress. Press of the New era printing company]. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) {eBook)

Washington, George (1892). Toner, Joseph Meridith (ed.). The daily journal of Major George Washington, in 1751-2, kept while on a tour from Virginia to the island of Barbadoes, with his invalid brother, Maj. Lawrence Washington. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) (eBook)
Washington, George (1999). Twohig, Dorothy (ed.). George Washington's Diaries: An Abridgment. University Press of Virginia. ISBN 9780813918570. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Washington, George (1976–1979). Twohig, Dorthy; Jackson, Donald (eds.). The Diaries of George Washington, 6 vols. University Press of Virginia. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1983–1995). Twohig, Dorthy; Abbot, W.W. (eds.). The Papers of George Washington: Colonial Series, 10 vols. University Press of Virginia. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1992–1994). Twohig, Dorthy; Abbot, W.W. (eds.). The Papers of George Washington: Confederation Series, 6 vols. University Press of Virginia. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1981). Twohig, Dorthy (ed.). The Papers of George Washington: The Journal of the Procerdings of the President, 1783–1793. University Press of Virginia. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1987–1996). Twohig, Dorthy; Abbot, W.W. (eds.). The Papers of George Washington: Presidential Series, 6 vols. University Press of Virginia. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1998). Twohig, Dorthy; Abbot, W.W. (eds.). The Papers of George Washington: Retirement Series, 1797–1799. University Press of Virginia. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1985–1991). Twohig, Dorthy; Abbot, W.W. (eds.). "The Papers of George Washington: Revolutionary War Series, 7 vols". University Press of Virginia. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Washington, George (1800). Williams, J.M. (ed.). Washington's political legacies:. Printed for John Russell and John West. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) {eBook}
Washington, George (1800). Williams, J.M. (ed.). The Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington General and Commander. Printed for John Russell and John West. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) {eBook}
Wolcott, Oliver (1846). Gibbs, George (ed.). Memoirs of the administrations of Washington and John Adams, edited from the papers of Oliver Wolcott, secretary of the Treasury. Van Norden Printers. (eBook)

Jared Sparks

Jared Sparks was given access to Washington's personal writings and other documents by Bushrod Washington who had inherited them from his uncle George Washington upon his death. After a several year effort Sparks produced his twelve volume The Writings of George Washington, published from 1833 to 1839.^[e] Sparks was widely praised for his great effort but was sometimes criticized for his editing of Washington's spelling, grammar and various phrases.^[29]

Writings of George Washington, in 12 volumes, edited by Jared Sparks, et al

(Book titles link to respective eBooks)

Washington, George (1834). Sparks, Jared; Paradise, John Wesley (eds.). The writings of George Washington : being his correspondence, addresses, messages, and other papers, official and private, Selected and Published from the Original Manuscripts, with illustrations and notes. Vol. v.1. U.S. Government.
Washington, George (1834). Sparks, Jared (ed.). The Writings of George Washington: Being His Correspondence, Addresses, Messages, and Other Papers, Official and Private ... Vol. v.2. U.S. Government. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1834). Sparks, Jared; Wesley, John; Gadbsy, John; Peale, Charles Willson (eds.). The writings of George Washington : being his correspondence, addresses, messages, and other papers, official and private. Vol. v.3. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1933). Sparks, Jared (ed.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.4. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1933). Sparks, Jared (ed.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.5. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1834). Sparks, Jared; Wesley, John; Gadbsy, John; Peale, Charles Willson (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.6. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1833). Sparks, Jared (ed.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.7. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) Topics : Letters, 1780. Numerous letters to President of Continental Congress; Several letters to Lafayette, Generals Howe, Greene, Clinton, Arnold; Letters to Major Henry Lee, statesmen, etc.
Washington, George (1834). Sparks, Jared; Peale, Charles Willson; Durand, Asher Brown (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.8. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1835). Sparks, Jared (ed.). The writings of George Washington: being his correspondence, addresses, messages, and other papers, official and private ... Vol. v.9. U.S. Government. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1839). Sparks, Jared (ed.). The writings of George Washington: being his correspondence, addresses, messages, and other papers, official and private ... Vol. v.10. U.S. Government. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1837). Sparks, Jared (ed.). The Writings of George Washington: Being His Correspondence, Addresses, Messages, and Other Papers, Official and Private ... Vol. v.11. U.S. Government. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) download eBook
Washington, George (1837). Sparks, Jared (ed.). The writings of George Washington, being his correspondence, Addresses, Messages, and Other Papers, Official and Private. Vol. v.12. U.S. Government. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Letters to George Washington

Sparks, Jared (1853). Correspondence of the American Revolution, Being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington. Vol. v.1.
Little, Brown and Company.
Sparks, Jared (1853). Correspondence of the American Revolution, Being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington. Vol. v.2.
Little, Brown and Company. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Sparks, Jared (1853). Correspondence of the American Revolution, Being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington. Vol. v.3.
Little, Brown and Company. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Sparks, Jared (1853). Correspondence of the American Revolution, Being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington. Vol. v.4.
Little, Brown and Company. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

Worthington C. Ford

Worthington C. Ford published a 14 volume work, also entitled, The Writings of George Washington, in 1889–1890. Ford draws on much of the same material as did Sparks in 1834 and Fitzpatrick in 1931. In his Preface to volume 1, Ford, while praising Sparks' enormous volume of works, offers some sharp criticism about his sometimes questionable editorship of Washington's writings as Sparks would sometimes edit spelling, grammar, change or leave out phrases, etc. Ford made clear of his position here, that his editorship of Washington's writings would not be conducted in the same expedient manner that his predecessor sometimes employed.^[30]

Writings of George Washington, in 14 volumes, edited by Worthington C. Ford, et al

(Book titles link to respective eBooks)

Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1748–1757. Vol. v.1. G.P. Putnam's Sons. – Topics: 1748–1757: Numerous letters to Gov. Dinwiddie, and military officers. Letters to William Fairfax; Notes on journey to Boston, etc.
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1758–1775. Vol. v.2. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1775–1776. Vol. v.3. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1776. Vol. v.4. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)—Topics: Numerous letters to The President of Congress and The Committee of Safety; To Joseph Reed, Governor Trumbull, Cousin Lund Washington, Richard Henry Lee; To Generals Howe, Putnam, Ward, Sullivan, Schyler, etc.
Washington, George (1890). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1776–1777. Vol. v.5. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1777–1778. Vol. v.6. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1778–1779. Vol. v.7. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1890). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1779–1780. Vol. v.8. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1780–1782. Vol. v.9. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1782–1785. Vol. v.10. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1785–1790. Vol. v.11. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1891). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1790–1794. Vol. v.12. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1794–1798. Vol. v.13. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1889). Ford, Worthington C. (ed.). The Writings of George Washington, 1798–1799. Vol. v.14. G.P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)

John Clement Fitzpatrick

John Clement Fitzpatrick was commissioned by the George Washington Bicentennial Commission in 1931 to transcribe, edit and publish Washington's writings in what became a 39 volume work entitled The Writings of George Washington.^[f] The Commission was created to commemorate the coming 200th anniversary of Washington's birth in 1932, and to promote education in Revolutionary War era history overall. This massive work, taken from Washington's letters, military records, diaries, etc., was edited and compiled under the direction of John Clement Fitzpatrick, and sponsored and prepared by the Commission, under the authority of U.S. Congress, 1931, taking several years to complete. The commission conducted a thorough investigation of all available books, pamphlets reports, and other material relating to the life and times of George Washington. Because the field was very broad, members of the commission found it necessary to study the requirements of selecting source material while making sure they didn't exclude any essential data, a process that Fitzpatrick oversaw for eight years until his death in 1940 before all the volumes had been published.^[31]

Writings of George Washington, in 39 volumes, edited by John C. Fitzpatrick, et al

(Book titles link to respective eBooks)

Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.1. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office;prepared under the direction of the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission and published by authority of Congress.Topics: Last will—Origin of Washington family—Years as Colonel—Marriage—History Revolution, 1775–1783 Sources
Washington, George (1933). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.2. New York & London: G. P. Putnam's Sons. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1933). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.3. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1933). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.4. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) Topics:
Washington, George (1932). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.5. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) Topics:
Washington, George (1833). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.6. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) Topics:
Washington, George (1833). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.7. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Topics: Washington, George, 1732–1799, Washington family, United States—History Revolution, 1775–1783, United States—History Confederation, 1783–1789, United States—History Sources, United States—Politics and government Sources, United States—Politics and government 1775–1783, United States—Politics and government 1783–1789
Washington, George (1834). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.8. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Topics:
Washington, George (1933). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.9. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Topics: Letters to Generals Gates, Thomas Nelson, Greene, Putnam, Biddle, Hazelwood; Colonel Samuel Smith; Letters to President of Congress, Commander of the Virginia Militia, Governor Patrick Henry, Sir William Howe, etc.
Washington, George (1933). Fitzpatrick, John Clement (ed.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.10. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Topics:
Washington, George (1933). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.11. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Topics:
Washington, George (1934). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.12. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Topics:
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.13. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics: 1778 letters to Generals Gates, Sullivan and Greene, officers, statesmen and others.
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.14. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics: Washington family
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.15. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics:
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.16. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics: 1779 letters to Generals Sullivan Gates, Officers, President of Congress; 1779 General Orders.
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.17. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics: Letters 1779, to Generals Heath, Wayne; to the President of Congress, Board of War; to Governors Trumbull, Livingston; General Orders; etc.
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.18. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics: Letters to Officers, General Orders, February 10 to June 11, 1780
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.19. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.20. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.21. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics : General Orders & Letters, Dec.1780 – Apr.1781: Letters to – Generals, e.g.Greene, Heath, Howe; Numerous letters to Colonel Timothy Pickering; – to President of Congress, Gov. Clinton.
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.22. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.23. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.24. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.25. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.26. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.27. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.28. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.29. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.30. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.31. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.32. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.33. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.34. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.35. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help)
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.36. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics: 1797 letters. Numerous letters to Secretary of War and nephew Bushrod Washington; letters to Secretary of State, Attorney General, Hamilton, Lafayette, family members, etc.
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.37. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – Topics: Numerous letters to Secretary of War; Letters to Secretary of State, Maj. Gen. Alexander Hamilton, Gov. Robert Dinwiddie, other statesmen, et al.
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.38. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – General Index A – N
Washington, George (1931). Fitzpatrick, John Clement; Matteson, David Maydole (eds.). The writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources, 1745–1799. Vol. v.39. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |authormask= ignored (|author-mask= suggested) (help) – General Index O – Z

Notes

^ Weems' account of the young Washington and the cherry tree did not appear until his book's fifth edition was published in 1806.^[4] The story originated from a neighbor of the Washington family and is the only known account. There is much speculation and conjecture offered by some historians but none have proven or disproven the story. George Washington's great-nephew, Austin Washington, claims that if Weems had made up the story he would have more dramatically depicted the young Washington 'chopping down' the cherry tree, not merely "barking it" i.e.taking some of the bark off.^[5]
^ editorial with this information is dated January, 2015
^ usually in PDF or EPUB formats
^ Marshall, present with Washington during the winter of at Valley Forge,^[21] had announced Washington's death in 1799, had offered the eulogy, oversaw and arranged the funeral ceremony and was head of commission that planned the Washington monument.^[22]
^ Not to be confused with John C. Fitzpatrick's works of the same name . . .
^ Not to be confused with the works of Jared Sparks and Worthington C. Ford, both of whom published similar works under the same basic title – sometimes confused with and listed together by some online listings

References

^ "Google Scholar". Retrieved December 17, 2017.
^ Ferling, 2007, p.654
^ Alden, 1984, p. 308
^ The Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington: Cherry Tree myth, Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association
^ Austin Washington, 2014, p. 23
^ Weems, L.C. Wroth Introduction, 1800, p. 5
^ Arthur H. Shaffer, The Politics of History: Writing the History of the American Revolution, 1783–1815 (1975) p 139, 174.
^ Knootz, 1941, p. 350
^ Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005
^ Marshall, 1804–1807
^ Foran, William A (October 1937). "John Marshall as a Historian". American Historical Review. 43 (1): 51–64. doi:10.2307/1840187. JSTOR 1840187..
^ Parish, 2013, p. 737
^ Fischer, 2006, p. 446
^ Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities
^ Flexner, 1978, p. i
^ 2005 Pulitzer Prizes, Special Citations
^ Oxford University Press, Washington's Crossing review
^ 2016 The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University
^ Tollefson, 2015
^ Fitzpatrick, 1939: Washington's last will, p. 14
^ Mount Vernon, 2016: John Marshall
^ Library of Virginia: John Marshall
^ History of the Bicentennial Commission, 1932, p. 22
^ Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005
^ Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association, 2016
^ Alden, 1984, p. 307
^ "Selected Bibliography". The George Washington Papers. Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 November 2011.
^ Tollefson, 2015
^ Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005
^ Ford, 1889, v.1, pp. xvii–xix
^ History of the Bicentennial Commission, 1932, p. v

Sources

History of the George Washington Bicentennial Celebration.
U.S. George Washington Bicentennial Commission, Washington D.C. 1932.
Tollefson, Rodika (2015). "Biography of George Washington: 5 Books Presidential History Buffs Should Read".
Newsmax. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
Weems, Mason Locke (1833). The Life of George Washington: With Curious Ancedotes, Equally Honourale to Himself, and Exemplary to His Young Countrymen. Joseph Allen Publishers.
"Sparks, Jared, 1789–1866. Papers of Jared Sparks : an inventory".
Harvard University. 2005. Retrieved Jul 10, 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Cherry Tree Myth".
Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016.
Washington, Austin (2014). The Education of George Washington: How a forgotten book shaped the character of a hero.
Regnery Publishing. ISBN 978-1-6215-7205-3.
Robert Dinwiddie: His Career in American Colonial Government and Westward Expansion.
Arthur H. Clark Company. 1941.
Alden, John R. (1984). George Washington. A biography.
LSU Press. ISBN 9780807141083.
"2005 Pulitzer Prizes, Special Citations". 2005. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
"Douglas Southall Freeman (1886–1953)".
Virginia Foundation for the Humanities: Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
Flexner, James Thomas (1979). Washington: The Indispensable Man. Boston:
Little, Brown. ISBN 0-316-28605-2.
"Washington's Crossing".
Oxford University Press, review. 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
"The 2011 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Biography or Autobiography".
The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University. 2016. Retrieved July 12, 2016.
Peter J. Parish, ed. (2013). Reader's Guide to American History.
Routledge. ISBN 9781134261826. {{cite book}}: |author= has generic name (help)
A condensed version is 754 pages long.
Fischer, David Hackett (2006). Washington's Crossing.
Oxford UP. ISBN 9780199756674.
Marshall, John (1832). The Life of George Washington. Vol. v.5.
Philadelphia: C.P. Wayne . OCLC 317838280.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) (Document No. 28859 — Release Date May 18, 2009) Also see: V.1 V.2
"John Marshall".
Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association. 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2016.
"John Marshall".
Library of Virginia. 2001. Retrieved August 4, 2016.

External links

[6] Weems' account of the young Washington and the cherry tree did not appear until his book's fifth edition was published in 1806.^[4] The story originated from a neighbor of the Washington family and is the only known account. There is much speculation and conjecture offered by some historians but none have proven or disproven the story. George Washington's great-nephew, Austin Washington, claims that if Weems had made up the story he would have more dramatically depicted the young Washington 'chopping down' the cherry tree, not merely "barking it" i.e.taking some of the bark off.^[5]

[20] torial with this information is dated January, 2015

[22] usually in PDF or EPUB formats

[26] Marshall, present with Washington during the winter of at Valley Forge,^[21] had announced Washington's death in 1799, had offered the eulogy, oversaw and arranged the funeral ceremony and was head of commission that planned the Washington monument.^[22]

[33] Not to be confused with John C. Fitzpatrick's works of the same name . . .

[36] Not to be confused with the works of Jared Sparks and Worthington C. Ford, both of whom published similar works under the same basic title – sometimes confused with and listed together by some online listings

[1] "Google Scholar". Retrieved December 17, 2017.

[2] Ferling, 2007, p.654

[3] Alden, 1984, p. 308

[4] The Digital Encyclopedia of George Washington: Cherry Tree myth, Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association

[5] Austin Washington, 2014, p. 23

[7] Weems, L.C. Wroth Introduction, 1800, p. 5

[8] Arthur H. Shaffer, The Politics of History: Writing the History of the American Revolution, 1783–1815 (1975) p 139, 174.

[9] Knootz, 1941, p. 350

[10] Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005

[11] Marshall, 1804–1807

[12] Foran, William A (October 1937). "John Marshall as a Historian". American Historical Review. 43 (1): 51–64. doi:10.2307/1840187. JSTOR 1840187..

[13] Parish, 2013, p. 737

[14] Fischer, 2006, p. 446

[15] Encyclopedia Virginia, Virginia Foundation for the Humanities

[16] Flexner, 1978, p. i

[17] 2005 Pulitzer Prizes, Special Citations

[18] Oxford University Press, Washington's Crossing review

[19] 2016 The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University

[21] Tollefson, 2015

[23] Fitzpatrick, 1939: Washington's last will, p. 14

[24] Mount Vernon, 2016: John Marshall

[25] Library of Virginia: John Marshall

[27] History of the Bicentennial Commission, 1932, p. 22

[28] Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005

[29] Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association, 2016

[30] Alden, 1984, p. 307

[31] "Selected Bibliography". The George Washington Papers. Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 November 2011.

[32] Tollefson, 2015

[34] Harvard Archives: Papers of Jared Sparks, 2005

[35] Ford, 1889, v.1, pp. xvii–xix

[37] History of the Bicentennial Commission, 1932, p. v

[1]

[2]

[3]

[a]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[b]

[19]

[c]

[20]

[d]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[e]

[29]

[30]

[f]

[31]

[4]

[5]

[21]

[22]

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 <!--A (hidden text alpha markers temporary i.e. easier mark up navigation)-->
 * {{cite book |last=Abbott |first=Jacob |authorlink=Jacob Abbott |title=Washington |publisher=Sheldon & Company |year=1865 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAUOAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
-* {{cite book|last=Achenbach|first=Joel|title=The Grand Idea: George Washington's Potomac and the Race to the West|year=2004|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=0-684-84857-0|authorlink=Joel Achenbach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5lT0h24lnbIC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Achenbach|first=Joel|title=The Grand Idea: George Washington's Potomac and the Race to the West|year=2004|publisher=Simon & Schuster|location=New York|isbn=0-684-84857-0|authorlink=Joel Achenbach|url=https://archive.org/details/grandideageorgew00ache}}
 * {{cite web |last=Adams |first=Henry |title=The Life of George Washington |year=1911 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b1AQAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
 * {{cite book |last=Alden |first=John R.  |title=George Washington. A biography |authorlink= |publisher=LSU Press |year=1984  |isbn=9780807141083 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sz3zHVWfocwC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 * {{cite book|last=Boller|first=Paul F.|title=George Washington & Religion|year=1963|publisher=Southern Methodist University Press|location=Dallas|oclc=563800860 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s3PTediy5mkC&vq=%22william+and+mary%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Bourne |first=Miriam Anne |title=First Family: George Washington And His Intimate Relations |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |year=1982 |url=http://www.abebooks.com/First-Family-George-Washington-Intimate-Relations/1147238691/bd}}
-* {{cite book|last=Brookhiser|first=Richard|title=Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington|year=1996|publisher=Free Press|location=New York|isbn=0-684-82291-1|authorlink=Richard Brookhiser |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PER2AAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Brookhiser|first=Richard|title=Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington|year=1996|publisher=Free Press|location=New York|isbn=0-684-82291-1|authorlink=Richard Brookhiser|url=https://archive.org/details/foundingfatherre00broo}}
 * {{cite book |last=Brumwell |first=Stephen |title=George Washington, Gentleman Warrior |authorlink= |publisher=Great Britain, Quercus Publishers|year=2012 |isbn=978-1-8491-6546-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qhk64CAWcJgC |ref=brumwell}}
-* {{cite book|last=Buchanan|first=John|title=The Road to Valley Forge: How Washington Built the Army That Won the Revolution|year=2004|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J|isbn=978-0-471-44156-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ebXtAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Buchanan|first=John|title=The Road to Valley Forge: How Washington Built the Army That Won the Revolution|year=2004|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Hoboken, N.J|isbn=978-0-471-44156-4|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780471441564}}
-* {{cite book|last1=Burns|first1=James MacGregor |authorlink1=James MacGregor Burns|title=George Washington|year=2004|publisher=Times Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8050-6936-5|first2=Susan |last2=Dunn |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YH2_BaOpw6IC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Burns|first1=James MacGregor|authorlink1=James MacGregor Burns|title=George Washington|year=2004|publisher=Times Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8050-6936-5|first2=Susan|last2=Dunn|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00burn}}
 <!--C-->
 * {{cite book |last=Callahan |first=Charles Hilliard  |title=Washington, the man and the mason |authorlink= |publisher=National Capital Press |year=1913 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonmanmas00call/page/n9}}
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |title=George Washington's War: The Forging of a Revolutionary Leader and the American Presidency |authorlink= |publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-4022-2610-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrN95xjXKC0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Chadwick |first=Bruce |authormask=2 |title=General and Mrs. Washington: The Untold Story of a Marriage and a Revolution |publisher=Sourcebooks, Inc. |year=2007 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VB8C2ndwHvsC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
-* {{cite book|last=Chernow |first=Ron |authorlink=Ron Chernow|title=Washington: A Life |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-59420-266-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3-rsrDiE5cC&vq=900&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} [[Washington: A Life|WP article]]
+* {{cite book|last=Chernow |first=Ron |authorlink=Ron Chernow |title=Washington: A Life |publisher=Penguin Press |location=New York |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-59420-266-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonlife00cher_0 }} [[Washington: A Life|WP article]]
 * {{cite book |last=Claudy |first=C. H. |title=Washington's home and fraternal life |authorlink= |publisher=Masonic Service Association |year=1981 |isbn= |url=http://www.alibris.com/Washingtons-home-and-fraternal-life-C-H-Claudy/book/7128296}}
 * {{cite book |last=Connell |first=Janice T. |title=The Spiritual Journey of George Washington  |publisher=Hatherleigh Press |year=2007 |orig-year=2003 |isbn=978-1-5782-6248-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YJghPQAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Cunliffe |first=Marcus |title=George Washington, Man and Monument|year=1982|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston |oclc=58007859 |authorlink=Marcus Cunliffe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VHZZf1zi6VUC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 <!--D-->
-* {{cite book|last=Dalzell|first=Robert F., Jr.|title=George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-19-512114-7|author2=Dalzell, Lee Baldwin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kKpIGzLLo0YC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Dalzell|first=Robert F., Jr.|title=George Washington's Mount Vernon: At Home in Revolutionary America|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-19-512114-7|author2=Dalzell, Lee Baldwin|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00dalz}}
 * {{cite book |last=Decatur |first=Stephen, Jr. |last2=[[Tobias Lear|Lear, Tobias]] |title=Private Affairs of George Washington: From the Records and Accounts of Tobias Lear, Esquire, His Secretary |authorlink=Stephen Decatur |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |year=1933 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NyBCAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last= Douglas |first=Thomas |title=Washington a free mason [sic] |authorlink= |publisher=Tallahassee, Printed at the Sentinel office |year=1853 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonfreema00doug/page/n5}}
 <!--E-->
 * {{cite book|last=Edwards|first=Roberta|title=Who was George Washington?|year=2009|publisher=Grosset & Dunlap|location=New York|isbn=978-0-448-44892-3|others=illustrated by True Kelley}} Juvenile audience
-* {{cite book|last=Ellis|first=Joseph J.|authorlink=Joseph Ellis |title=His Excellency: George Washington |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|year=2004|isbn=1-4000-4031-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Y9Rko9sT3kC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}, [[His Excellency: George Washington|Wikipedia article on book]]
+* {{cite book|last=Ellis|first=Joseph J.|authorlink=Joseph Ellis|title=His Excellency: George Washington|publisher=Alfred A. Knopf|location=New York|year=2004|isbn=1-4000-4031-0|url=https://archive.org/details/hisexcellencygeo00elli}}, [[His Excellency: George Washington|Wikipedia article on book]]
 * {{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Gastón|title=Religion and the American Presidency: George Washington to George W. Bush with Commentary and Primary Sources|year=2009|publisher=Columbia University Press |location=New York|isbn=978-0-231-14332-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iYTZAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 <!--F-->
-* {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|authorlink=John E. Ferling |title=Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=2000|isbn=0-19-513409-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lifQ0G0m9WwC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|authorlink=John E. Ferling|title=Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=2000|isbn=0-19-513409-5|url=https://archive.org/details/settingworldabla00john}}
-* {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E. |authormask=2 |title=The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon|publisher=Bloomsbury Press|location=New York|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59691-465-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hiJzO5D7U4gC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E.|authormask=2|title=The Ascent of George Washington: The Hidden Political Genius of an American Icon|publisher=Bloomsbury Press|location=New York|year=2009|isbn=978-1-59691-465-0|url=https://archive.org/details/ascentofgeorgewa00ferl}}
 * {{cite book|last=Ferling|first=John E. |authormask=2 |title=First of Men: A Life of George Washington|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|year=2010|origyear=1988|isbn=978-0-19-539867-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yHRbR8snrfoC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
-* {{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|title=Washington's Crossing |year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England; New York|isbn=0-19-517034-2|authorlink=David Hackett Fischer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oreq1YztDcQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} [[Washington's Crossing (book)|WP article]] for Pulitzer Prize–winning book
+* {{cite book|last=Fischer|first=David Hackett|title=Washington's Crossing|year=2004|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England; New York|isbn=0-19-517034-2|authorlink=David Hackett Fischer|url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonscross00fisc}} [[Washington's Crossing (book)|WP article]] for Pulitzer Prize–winning book
 * {{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Thomas  |title=Washington's Secret War: The Hidden History of Valley Forge |authorlink= |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2006 |isbn=9780060872939 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qK5Kac2-RHwC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Fleming |first=Thomas |authormask=2 |title=The Great Divide: The Conflict between Washington and Jefferson that Defined a Nation |authorlink= |publisher=Da Capo Press |year=2015 |isbn=9780306822360 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VTgGAwAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 77: / Line 77: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Fitzpatrick |first=John Clement |authorlink=John Clement Fitzpatrick |title=George Washington himself; a common-sense biography written from his manuscripts, |year=1933 |authormask=2 |location=Indianapolis |publisher=Bobbs-Merrill Co |url=http://www.worldcat.org/title/george-washington-himself-a-common-sense-biography-written-from-his-manuscripts/oclc/9249378}}
 * {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|title=George Washington: the Forge of Experience, 1732–1775|year=1965|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|oclc=426484|authorlink=James Thomas Flexner |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDl2AAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_sa}}
-* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas |authormask=2 |title=George Washington: Anguish and Farewell 1793–1799 |year=1972|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-3162-8602-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bToqSwAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|authormask=2|title=George Washington: Anguish and Farewell 1793–1799|year=1972|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=978-0-3162-8602-2|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington04jame}}
-* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas |authormask=2 |title=Washington: The Indispensable Man|year=1979|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0-316-28605-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zwoaAQAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|authormask=2|title=Washington: The Indispensable Man|year=1979|publisher=Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0-316-28605-2|url=https://archive.org/details/washington00jame}}
 * {{cite book |last=Ford |first=Paul Leicester |title=The True George Washington |publisher=Lippincott |year=1898 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YrAoAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
 * {{Cite book|last=Fraser|first=Flora |title=The Washingtons: George and Martha, "Join'd by Friendship, Crown'd by Love" |publisher =Knopf |date=2015 |isbn=978-0-307-27278-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w6-6CgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book|last=Freeman|first=Douglas Southall|title=George Washington, a Biography|year=1948–1957|publisher=Scribner|location=New York|oclc=732644234|authorlink=Douglas Southall Freeman|volume=v.7 |url=https://www.amazon.com/George-Washington-Biography-7-Volumes/dp/B000NPJJDG}} Pulitzer Prize–winning book
 <!--G-->
-* {{cite book |editor1-last=Gregg |editor1-first=Gary L., II |editor1-link= Gary L. Gregg|editor2-first=Matthew|editor2-last=Spalding|title=Patriot Sage: George Washington and the American Political Tradition|year=1999|publisher=ISI Books|location=Wilmington, Del|isbn=1-882926-38-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DWN2AAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|editor1-last=Gregg|editor1-first=Gary L., II|editor1-link=Gary L. Gregg|editor2-first=Matthew|editor2-last=Spalding|title=Patriot Sage: George Washington and the American Political Tradition|year=1999|publisher=ISI Books|location=Wilmington, Del|isbn=1-882926-38-2|url=https://archive.org/details/patriotsagegeorg00greg}}
 * {{cite book |last=Grizzard |first=Frank E., Jr.|title=George Washington: A Biographical Companion|year=2002|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, Calif|isbn=1-57607-082-4 |authorlink=Frank E. Grizzard, Jr. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RioTGCygpT8C&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Grizzard |first=Frank E., Jr. |authormask=2 |title=George!: A Guide to All Things Washington |year=2005|publisher=Mariner Pub |location=Buena Vista, Va|isbn=0-9768238-0-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KOuzhE9vrGQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Harrison |first=Adrienne M. |title=A Powerful Mind: The Self-Education of George Washington |authorlink= |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-6123-4791-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GZ5CgAAQBAJ&vq=bibliography&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book|last=Hayes|first=Kevin J.|title=George Washington: A Life in Books|year=2017 |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=978-0190456672 |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=019045668X}}
-* {{cite book|last=Henriques|first=Peter R.|title=Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington|year=2006|publisher=University of Virginia Press|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0-8139-2547-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuQHciwgYzUC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Henriques|first=Peter R.|title=Realistic Visionary: A Portrait of George Washington|year=2006|publisher=University of Virginia Press|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0-8139-2547-9|url=https://archive.org/details/realisticvisiona00henr}}
-* {{cite book|last=Higginbotham|first=Don|authorlink=Don Higginbotham|title=George Washington and the American Military Tradition |year=1987 |publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens|isbn=0-8203-0786-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NzZD0Wh99HEC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Higginbotham|first=Don|authorlink=Don Higginbotham|title=George Washington and the American Military Tradition|year=1987|publisher=University of Georgia Press|location=Athens|isbn=0-8203-0786-6|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00higg}}
 * {{cite book|editor1-last=Higginbotham |authormask=2 |editor1-first=Don|title=George Washington Reconsidered |year=2001|publisher=University Press of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0-8139-2005-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L0qGWo_NGlAC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book|last=Higginbotham|first=Don |authormask=2 |title=George Washington: Uniting a Nation |year=2002|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|location=Lanham, Md|isbn=0-7425-2208-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=feqxAAAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 110: / Line 110: @@
 <!--J-->
 * {{cite book |last=Johnson |first=Bradley Tyler |title=General Washington  |authorlink=Bradley Tyler Johnson |publisher=Appleton and Company |year=1894 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/generalwashingt02johngoog}}
-* {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Paul|title=George Washington: The Founding Father|year=2005|publisher=Atlas Books/HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=0-06-075365-X|authorlink=Paul Johnson (writer) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=32lRhVTAa4kC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Paul|title=George Washington: The Founding Father|year=2005|publisher=Atlas Books/HarperCollins|location=New York|isbn=0-06-075365-X|authorlink=Paul Johnson (writer)|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00john_0}}
 * {{cite book |last=Johnston |first=Elizabeth Bryant  |title=George Washington Day by Day |authorlink= |publisher=Library Reprints, Incorporated |year=1894 |pages= |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I3txAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} (eBook)
 * {{cite book |last=Johnstone |first=William Jackson |title=George Washington the Christian |authorlink= |publisher=Abingdon Press |year=1919 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhgFAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} (eBook)
@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Leckie |first=Robert |title=George Washington's War: The Saga of the American Revolution |authorlink= |publisher=Harper Collins |year=2010 |orig-year=1993 |isbn=978-0-0620-1536-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eGqMbfTl3MQC}}
 * {{cite book|last=Leibiger|first=Stuart E.|title=Founding Friendship: George Washington, James Madison, and the Creation of the American Republic|year=1999|publisher=University Press of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0-8139-1882-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TR31VE5FHE4C&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
-* {{cite book|last=Lengel|first=Edward G.|title=General George Washington: A Military Life|year=2005|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=1-4000-6081-8|authorlink=Edward G. Lengel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ogwE5jAsNQkC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Lengel|first=Edward G.|title=General George Washington: A Military Life|year=2005|publisher=Random House|location=New York|isbn=1-4000-6081-8|authorlink=Edward G. Lengel|url=https://archive.org/details/generalgeorgewas00leng}}
 * {{cite book |last=Lengel |first=Edward G. |authormask=2 |title=A Companion to George Washington  |authorlink= |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2012  |isbn=978-1-1182-1992-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j_4HT0B03qoC&dq=%22battle+of+brooklyn%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Lengel |first=Edward  |title=First Entrepreneur: How George Washington Built His – and the Nation's – Prosperity |authormask=2 |publisher=Edward Lengel |year=2016 |isbn=978-0-3068-2348-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kqu6CgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 137: / Line 137: @@
 :* {{cite book |last=Marshall |first=John |authormask=2 |title=The life of George Washington |volume=v.4 |publisher=C.P. Wayne |year=1804 |oclc=1548385 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=miAFAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
 :* {{cite book |last=Marshall |first=John |authormask=2 |title=The life of George Washington |volume=v.5 |publisher=C.P. Wayne |year=1807 |oclc=1548385 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifegeorgewashi03marsgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
-* {{cite book|last=McDonald|first=Forrest|title=The Presidency of George Washington|year=1974|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, Kan|isbn=0-7006-0110-4|authorlink=Forrest McDonald}}
+* {{cite book|last=McDonald|first=Forrest|title=The Presidency of George Washington|year=1974|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, Kan|isbn=0-7006-0110-4|authorlink=Forrest McDonald|url=https://archive.org/details/presidencyofgeo000mcdo}}
 * {{cite book |last=McGuire |first=Edward Charles |publisher=Harper & Brothers |title=The Religious Opinions and Character of Washington |year=1836 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7gf_X-mA1wC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
 * {{cite book|last=Morgan|first=Edmund S.|title=The Genius of George Washington|year=1980|publisher=Norton|location=New York|isbn=0-393-01440-1|authorlink=Edmund Morgan (historian) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t35UQ6AtbfQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 148: / Line 148: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Nelson |first=James |authormask=2 |title=George Washington's Great Gamble: And the Sea Battle That Won the American Revolution |year=2010 |publisher=McGraw Hill Professional |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mpLtkI9KoLsC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 <!--O-->
-* {{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Conor Cruise|title=First in Peace: How George Washington Set the Course for America|year=2009|publisher=Da Capo Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-306-81619-2|authorlink=Conor Cruise O'Brien|others=Foreword by [[Christopher Hitchens]]}}
+* {{cite book|last=O'Brien|first=Conor Cruise|title=First in Peace: How George Washington Set the Course for America|year=2009|publisher=Da Capo Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0-306-81619-2|authorlink=Conor Cruise O'Brien|others=Foreword by [[Christopher Hitchens]]|url=https://archive.org/details/firstinpeacehowg00obri}}
 <!--P-->
 * {{cite book |last=Palmer |first=Dave Richard |title=George Washington's Military Genius |authorlink= |publisher=Regnery Publishing |year=2012 |isbn=9781596983137 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WVEU9UgxuHwC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 158: / Line 158: @@
 <!--R-->
 * {{cite book |last=Ramsay |first=David |title=The Life of George Washington: Commander in Chief of the Armies of the United States of America, Throughout the War which Established Their Independence, and First President of the United States |authorlink= |publisher=Joseph Jewett, and cushing & Sons |year=1832 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xChV1CO8KhcC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
-* {{cite book|last=Randall|first=Willard Sterne|title=George Washington: A Life|year=1997|publisher=Henry Holt & Co|location=New York|isbn=0-8050-2779-3|authorlink=Willard Sterne Randall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7AlqmsjWhPMC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Randall|first=Willard Sterne|title=George Washington: A Life|year=1997|publisher=Henry Holt & Co|location=New York|isbn=0-8050-2779-3|authorlink=Willard Sterne Randall|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00rand}}
-* {{cite book|last1=Rasmussen|first1=William M. S.|title=George Washington – the Man Behind the Myths|year=1999|publisher=University Press of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0-8139-1900-2|first2=Robert S. |last2=Tilton}}
+* {{cite book|last1=Rasmussen|first1=William M. S.|title=George Washington – the Man Behind the Myths|year=1999|publisher=University Press of Virginia|location=Charlottesville|isbn=0-8139-1900-2|first2=Robert S.|last2=Tilton|url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington00rasm}}
-* {{cite book |last=Reed |first=Anna C.  |title=Life of Washington |authorlink= |publisher=American Sunday school union|year=1832 |isbn=978-0-8905-1578-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofgeorgewash00reed}}
+* {{cite book|last=Reed |first=Anna C. |title=Life of Washington |authorlink= |publisher=American Sunday school union |year=1832 |isbn=978-0-8905-1578-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780890515785 }}
 * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Rowe |first=Jonathan |authorlink= |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |title= Washington, George (1732–1799) |url= https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781412965811.n325 |year=2008 |publisher= [[SAGE Publications]], [[Cato Institute]] |location= Thousand Oaks, CA |isbn= 978-1412965804 |oclc=750831024| lccn = 2008009151 |pages=535–37 |quote= |ref= }}
 <!--S-->
@@ Line 166: / Line 166: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Scudder |first=Horace Elisha |title=George Washington: An Historical Biography |authorlink= |publisher=Houghton, Mifflin |year=1889 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vf1Biqs7qWkC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
 * {{cite book |last=Simpson |first=Stephen |authorlink=Stephen Simpson (writer) |year=1833 |title=The lives of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson with a parallel |publisher=Henry Young Printers, Philadelphia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P7-KPwAACAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
-* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Richard Norton|title=Patriarch: George Washington and the New American Nation|year=1993|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston|isbn=0-395-52442-3|authorlink=Richard Norton Smith}}
+* {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Richard Norton|title=Patriarch: George Washington and the New American Nation|year=1993|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston|isbn=0-395-52442-3|authorlink=Richard Norton Smith|url=https://archive.org/details/patriarchgeorgew00smit}}
 * {{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Jared |year=1839 |authorlink=Jared Sparks |title=The Life of George Washington |publisher=Ferdinand Andrews, Boston |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dBQOAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
 * {{cite book |last=Sparks |first=Jared |authormask=2|title=The life of George Washington, commander-in-chief of the American armies, and first president of the United States: |volume=v.2 |authorlink= |publisher=London Henry Colburn Publishers |year=1839 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/lifeofgeorgewash02spariala}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
@@ Line 176: / Line 176: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Washington |first=Austin |title=The Education of George Washington: How a forgotten book shaped the character of a hero |publisher=Regnery Publishing |year=2014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=05bmAgAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Weems |first=Mason Locke |title=The Life of George Washington: With Curious Ancedotes, Equally Honourale to Himself, and Exemplary to His Young Countrymen |authorlink=Mason Locke Weems |publisher=Joseph Allen Publishers |year=1833 |orig-year=1800 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VJAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
-* {{cite book|last=Wiencek|first=Henry|title=An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America|year=2003|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|location=New York|isbn=0-374-17526-8|authorlink=Henry Wiencek}}
+* {{cite book|last=Wiencek|first=Henry|title=An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America|year=2003|publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux|location=New York|isbn=0-374-17526-8|authorlink=Henry Wiencek|url=https://archive.org/details/imperfectgodgeor00wien}}
 * {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=Woodrow |year=2004 |orig-year=1905 |title=George Washington |publisher=Cosimo, Inc.; Original publisher: Harper and Brothers |isbn=1-59605-007-1 |authorlink=Woodrow Wilson |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashingto01wilsgoog}}
 * {{cite book |last=Wister |first=Owen  |title=The seven ages of Washington; a biography  |authorlink=Owen Wister |publisher=New York, The Macmillan Company |year=1907 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/sevenageswashin04wistgoog}} &nbsp;<small>(eBook)</small>
@@ Line 187: / Line 187: @@
 * {{cite book |last=Alberts |first=Robert C.  |title=A charming field for an encounter: the story of George Washington's Fort Necessity |authorlink= |publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior |year=1975 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q5WrTT0VfFsC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Allen |first=William Barclay |title=George Washington: America's First Progressive |publisher=Peter Lang |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-4331-0371-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gjnBTUVO28oC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
-* {{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Fred |authorlink=Fred Anderson (historian)|title=Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766|location=New York|publisher= Alfred A. Knopf|year=2006 |orig-year=2000 |isbn=978-0-375-40642-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FFO2clqJCqMC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Anderson |first=Fred |authorlink=Fred Anderson (historian) |title=Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766 |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf |year=2006 |orig-year=2000 |isbn=978-0-375-40642-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/crucibleofwarsev00ande_0 }}
-* {{cite book |last=Anderson |first=Fred |authormask=2 |title=The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War |location=New York |publisher=Viking|year=2006|isbn=978-0-670-03454-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z1VgZ1qM-NQC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Anderson |first=Fred |authormask=2 |title=The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War |location=New York |publisher=Viking |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-670-03454-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/warthatmadeameri00ande }}
 <!--B-->
 * {{cite book |last=Baldwin |first=Leland D. |title=Whiskey Rebels: The Story of a Frontier Uprising |authorlink= |publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press |year=1939  |isbn=978-0-8229-9053-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8I4_mYLkVFEC&vq=washington&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 196: / Line 196: @@
 * {{cite journal |last=Bickham |first=Troy O. |title=Sympathizing with Sedition? George Washington, the British Press, and British Attitudes during the American War of Independence |journal=The William and Mary Quarterly|date=January 2002|volume=v.59 |issue=1 |jstor=3491639|publisher=Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture|issn=0043-5597|doi=10.2307/3491639}}
 * {{cite book |last=Binney |first=Horace |title=An inquiry into the formation of Washington's Farewell address  |authorlink=Horace Binney |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Parry & McMillan |year=1859 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/aninquiryintofo02binngoog}} (eBook)
-* {{cite book |last=Blackaby |first=Anita D.  |title=Washington and the American Revolution: A Guide to the Campaigns in Pennsylvania & New Jersey |authorlink= |publisher=Council of American Revolutionary Sites |year=1986 |isbn=9780961632304 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Orx2AAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Blackaby |first=Anita D. |title=Washington and the American Revolution: A Guide to the Campaigns in Pennsylvania & New Jersey |authorlink= |publisher=Council of American Revolutionary Sites |year=1986 |isbn=9780961632304 |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonameric00blac }}
 * {{cite book |last=Bodle |first=Wayne  |title=Valley Forge Winter: Civilians and Soldiers in War |authorlink= |publisher=Penn State Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-2710-4546-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-SnMfl_OPFgC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Bordewich |first=Fergus M.  |title=The First Congress: How James Madison, George Washington, and a Group of Extraordinary Men Invented the Government |authorlink= |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=2016 |isbn=9781451692136 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cj8jBQAAQBAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 204: / Line 204: @@
 * {{cite journal |last1=Breen |first1=Eleanor E. |last2=White |first2=Esther C. |title=A Pretty Considerable Distillery—Excavating George Washington's Whiskey Distillery |journal=Quarterly Bulletin of the Archeological Society of Virginia |volume=v.61 |issue=4 |publisher=[[Archeological Society of Virginia]] |year=2006 |accessdate=November 4, 2011 |url=http://www.mountvernon.org/sites/mountvernon.org/files/Breen-White%20Distillery.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224193148/http://www.mountvernon.org/sites/mountvernon.org/files/Breen-White%20Distillery.pdf |archivedate=December 24, 2011 |df= }}
 * {{cite book |last=Bruggerman |first=Seth C. |title=Here, George Washington Was Born: Memory, Material Culture, and the Public History of a National Monument |publisher=University of Georgia Press |year=2011 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cnVi1eRJengC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
-* {{cite book |last=Busch |first=Noel Fairchild  |title=Winter Quarters: George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge  |authorlink= |publisher=Liveright publishers |year=1974   |isbn=978-0-8714-0587-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7hcdAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Busch |first=Noel Fairchild |title=Winter Quarters: George Washington and the Continental Army at Valley Forge |authorlink= |publisher=Liveright publishers |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-8714-0587-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/winterquartersge00busc }}
 <!--C-->
 * {{cite book |first=Gerald M. |last=Carbone |title= Washington: Lessons in Leadership |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-2306-1707-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aH1niexE61AC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 220: / Line 220: @@
 * {{cite journal|last=Estes|first=Todd|title=The Art of Presidential Leadership: George Washington and the Jay Treaty|journal=Virginia Magazine of History and Biography|volume=v.109|publisher=[[Virginia Historical Society]]|issue=2|pages=127–58|year=2001|url=http://www.vahistorical.org/publications/Abstract_1092_Estes.htm|issn=0042-6636|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205052653/http://vahistorical.org/publications/Abstract_1092_Estes.htm|archivedate=2011-12-05|df=}}
 <!--F-->
-* {{cite book |last=Falkof |first=Lucille  |title=George Washington, 1st President of the United States |authorlink= |publisher=Garrett Educational Corporation |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-9444-8319-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JxYvKf2ATOIC&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Falkof |first=Lucille |title=George Washington, 1st President of the United States |authorlink= |publisher=Garrett Educational Corporation |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-9444-8319-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/georgewashington0000falk }}
 * {{cite book |title=Almost a Miracle |last=Ferling |first=John |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-1997-5847-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lyjjEsqlqo0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
 * {{cite book |last=Fitzpatrick |first=John Clement |title=The George Washington Scandals, Volume 356 |authorlink=John Clement Fitzpatrick |publisher=Washington Society of Alexandria |year=1929 |isbn= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=woUBAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
@@ Line 249: / Line 249: @@
 * {{cite journal |last=Kohn |first=Richard H. |title=The Inside History of the Newburgh Conspiracy |authorlink= |journal= The William and Mary Quarterly |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=187–220  |year=1970 |isbn= |jstor=1918650}}
 * {{cite journal |last=Kohn |first=Richard H. |title=The Washington's Administration to Crush the Whiskey rebellion |authormask=2 |publisher=Free Press |year=1972 |isbn= |jstor=1900658 |journal=The Journal of American History }}
-* {{cite book |last=Kohn |first=Richard H. |authormask=2 |title=Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1975 |isbn=9780029175514 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8F_fAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|last=Kohn |first=Richard H. |authormask=2 |title=Eagle and Sword: The Federalists and the Creation of the Military Establishment in America, 1783–1802 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1975 |isbn=9780029175514 |url=https://archive.org/details/eagleswordfed00kohn }}
 <!--L-->
 * {{cite news|last=LaBan|first=Craig|title=Hercules: Washington's Chef|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/hot_topics/84718777.html|newspaper=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|date=February 21, 2010}}
@@ Line 343: / Line 343: @@
 <!--R-->
-* {{cite book |editor=Rhodehamel, John H |last=Washington| first=George |authormask=2 |title=Writings|year=1997|publisher=Library of America: Distributed by Penguin Books|location=New York|isbn=1-883011-23-X |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5wN3AAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
+* {{cite book|editor=Rhodehamel, John H|last=Washington|first=George|authormask=2|title=Writings|year=1997|publisher=Library of America: Distributed by Penguin Books|location=New York|isbn=1-883011-23-X|url=https://archive.org/details/writings00wash}}
 <!--S-->
 * {{cite book |last=Washington |first=George |authormask=2 |editor1-first=Julius Friedrich |editor1-last=Sachse |title=Washington's masonic correspondence as found among the Washington papers in the Library of Congress |authorlink= |publisher=Press of the New era printing company] |year=1915 |isbn= |url=https://archive.org/details/washingtonsmaso00unkngoog}} {eBook)
@@ Line 526: / Line 526: @@
 * {{cite web |title=2005 Pulitzer Prizes, Special Citations |year=2005 |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/2005 |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |ref=pulitzer}}
 * {{cite web |title=Douglas Southall Freeman (1886–1953) |publisher=<br>Virginia Foundation for the Humanities: Encyclopedia Virginia |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |url=http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Freeman_Douglas_Southall_1886-1953 |ref=EncyclopediaVirginia}}
-* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas |title=Washington: The Indispensable Man|year=1979|publisher=<br>Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0-316-28605-2 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=zwoaAQAAIAAJ |ref=Flexner}}
+* {{cite book|last=Flexner|first=James Thomas|title=Washington: The Indispensable Man|year=1979|publisher=<br>Little, Brown|location=Boston|isbn=0-316-28605-2|url=https://archive.org/details/washington00jame|ref=Flexner}}
 * {{cite web |title=Washington's Crossing |publisher=<br>Oxford University Press, review |year=2016 |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |url=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/washingtons-crossing-9780195181593?cc=us&lang=en& |ref=Oxford}}
 * {{cite web |title=The 2011 Pulitzer Prize Winner in Biography or Autobiography |publisher=<br>The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University |year=2016 |url=http://www.pulitzer.org/winners/ron-chernow |accessdate=July 12, 2016 |ref=PulitzerChernow}}

v t e George Washington
1st President of the United States (1789–1797) Senior Officer of the Army (1798–1799) Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army (1775–1783) Delegate to the Second Continental Congress (1775) Delegate to the First Continental Congress (1774)
Military career Revolutionary War	Military career French and Indian War Jumonville Glen Battle of Fort Necessity Battle of the Monongahela Forbes Expedition Washington in the American Revolution Commander-in-chief, Continental Army Aides-de-camp Washington's headquarters office and sleeping tent Boston campaign Siege of Boston New York and New Jersey campaign Delaware River crossing Battle of Trenton Battle of the Assunpink Creek Battle of Princeton Philadelphia campaign Battle of Brandywine Battle of Germantown Battle of White Marsh Valley Forge Battle of Monmouth Battles of Saratoga Sullivan Expedition Yorktown campaign Siege of Yorktown Culper Spy Ring Newburgh Conspiracy Newburgh letter Asgill Affair Evacuation Day Resignation as commander-in-chief Badge of Military Merit Purple Heart Washington Before Boston Medal Horses Nelson Blueskin
Other U.S. founding events	Initiated, co-wrote, 1769 Virginia Association Initiated, 1774 Fairfax Resolves Continental Association Court of Appeals in Cases of Capture 1785 Mount Vernon Conference Chairman, 1787 Constitutional Convention George Washington's political evolution
Presidency (timeline)	1788–89 United States presidential election First inauguration inaugural bible 1792 presidential election Second inauguration Reception at Trenton Title of "Mr. President" Cabinet of the United States Secretary of State Attorney General Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of War Judiciary Act of 1789 Oath Administration Act Nonintercourse Act Whiskey Rebellion Militia Acts of 1792 Coinage Act of 1792 United States Mint Presidential Succession Act of 1792 United States Capitol cornerstone laying Proclamation of Neutrality Neutrality Act of 1794 Jay Treaty Pinckney's Treaty Slave Trade Act of 1794 Residence Act Thanksgiving Proclamation Farewell Address State of the Union Address 1790 1791 1792 1793 1796 Cabinet Federal judicial appointments John Rutledge Supreme Court nominations
Views and public image	Presidential library The Washington Papers Religious views Washington and slavery Town Destroyer Legacy
Life and homes	Early life Birthplace Ferry Farm boyhood home Mount Vernon Fishery Gristmill Whiskey distillery Woodlawn Plantation Longfellow House–Washington's Headquarters National Historic Site Ford Mansion, Washington's headquarters Hasbrouck House First Presidential Mansion Second Presidential Mansion President's House, Philadelphia Germantown White House Custis estate Washington's relations with the Iroquois Confederacy Potomac Company James River and Kanawha Canal Mountain Road Lottery Congressional Gold Medal Thanks of Congress President General of the Society of the Cincinnati Washington College Washington and Lee University Electoral history of George Washington Post-presidency of George Washington
Memorials and depictions	Washington, D.C. Washington state Washington Monument Mount Rushmore Washington's Birthday Purple Heart The Apotheosis of Washington Washington Monument (Boonsboro, Maryland) Washington Monument (Baltimore) George Washington (Houdon) plaster copy George Washington (Ceracchi) George Washington (Canova) George Washington (Greenough) George Washington (Trumbull) George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door Revolutionary War Door Washington Crossing the Delaware The Passage of the Delaware General George Washington at Trenton Washington at Verplanck's Point General George Washington Resigning His Commission Surrender of Lord Cornwallis Unfinished portrait Lansdowne portrait The Washington Family portrait Washington at Princeton paintings George Washington Taking the Salute at Trenton Reception at Trenton painting Statues Trenton Battle Monument Princeton Battle Monument Point of View sculpture George Washington on Horseback Austin statue Baltimore statue Boston statue Mexico City statue Morristown statue Newark statue New York City statue Wall Street statue Paris statue Perth Amboy statue Philadelphia statue Portland statue Washington, D.C. statue West Point monument George Washington University Washington University in St. Louis Washington Masonic National Memorial George Washington Memorial Parkway George Washington Bridge Washington and Jefferson National Forests Washington Square Park Arch U.S. Postage stamps Washington-Franklin Issues 1932 bicentennial Currency Washington quarter 50 State Quarters D.C. and territories quarters America the Beautiful quarters American Women quarters Washington dollar Lafayette dollar Silver bullion coins Washington nickel Washington half eagle 250th Anniversary half dollar Mount Rushmore Anniversary coins Mount Washington Cultural depictions George Washington (1984 miniseries 1986 sequel) A More Perfect Union (1989 film) The Crossing (2000 film) We Fight to Be Free (2006 film) Turn: Washington's Spies (2014–2017 series) The War that Made America (2006 miniseries) Washington (2020 miniseries) Hamilton (film)
Related	Bibliography List of articles Founders Online Founding Fathers of the United States Republicanism Federalist Party Federalist Era Virginia dynasty Coat of arms Cherry-tree anecdote River Farm Washington's Crossing Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route 1751 Barbados trip Category Syng inkstand General of the Armies Conway Cabal American Foxhound American Philosophical Society American Revolution patriots Betsy Ross flag Mount Vernon Ladies' Association Mount Vernon replicas George Washington Memorial Building Attempted theft of Washington's skull
Family	Martha Washington (wife) John Parke Custis (stepson) George Washington Parke Custis (step-grandson, adopted son) Eleanor Parke Custis (step-granddaughter, adopted daughter) Augustine Washington (father) Mary Ball Washington (mother) Lawrence Washington (half-brother) Augustine Washington Jr. (half-brother) Elizabeth Washington Lewis (sister) Samuel Washington (brother) John A. Washington (brother) Charles Washington (brother) Lawrence Washington (grandfather) Mildred Gale (grandmother) John Washington (great-grandfather) George Reade (2nd great-grandfather) Bushrod Washington (nephew)
Slaves	List Betty Caroline Branham William Costin Sarah Johnson Oney Judge William Lee Hercules Posey Christopher Sheels Deborah Squash Harry Washington
John Adams → Category

Revision as of 18:51, 26 June 2019

Washington overview

Evolution of Washington biographies

Primary sources and documents

Biographical

Events, government and ideas

Espionage

Primary sources

Jared Sparks

Worthington C. Ford

John Clement Fitzpatrick

See also

Notes

References

Sources

External links