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Italian–Swedish relations
Map indicating locations of Italy and Sweden

Italy
Sweden

Italy–Sweden relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Italy and Sweden.

The Ostrogoths, originating from the Goths from the current Swedish region of Götaland, were strongly linked, along with the Visigoths, to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and replacing it with the Ostrogothic Kingdom. But, unlike the Visigothic Kingdom, it was defeated in a short time by the Byzantine Empire.[1]

When Italy bombed the Swedish ambulance in Abyssinia in December 1935, protests began.[2]

Today (as of 2012) the ties can be described as strong, especially because of Italian immigrants settling in Sweden after World War II while an increasing number of Swedish charter tourists began to travel to Italy.[3] Since the late 1940s, many Swedish soccer players have been successful in Italian club teams.

Resident diplomatic missions

  • Italy has an embassy in Stockholm.
  • Sweden has an embassy in Rome. In addition to the Rome
  • Embassy of Italy in Stockholm
    Embassy of Italy in Stockholm
  • Embassy of Sweden in Rome
    Embassy of Sweden in Rome

Sweden has 13 other representations in Italy. These include consulates in Anacapri, Bari, Bologna, Cagliari, Castiglione della Pesecaia, Florence, Genua, Milan, Naples, Palermo, Turin, Trieste and Venice. [4]

Italy has 7 other representations in Sweden, These include consulates in Malmö, Umeå, Sundsvall, Gothenburg and vice consulates in Luleå, Karlstad, Visby. [5]

Country comparison

Official name Sweden Italian Republic
Flag
Italy
Coat of Arms
Emblem of Italy
Anthem Kungssången Il Canto degli Italiani
Capital city Stockolm Rome
Largest city Stockolm Rome
Government parliamentary system
constitutional monarchy 		Unitary state Parliamentary constitutional republic
Head of State Carl XVI Gustaf Sergio Mattarella
Head of Government Magdalena Andersson Mario Draghi
Official language Swedish Italian
Area 450,295 km2 (173,860 sq mi) 301,340 km2 (116,350 sq mi)
Time zones 1 UTC+01:00 (CET) 1 UTC+01:00 (CET)
Population 10,402,070 60,317,116[6]
Population density 25/km2 201.3/km2
GDP (nominal) $528.929 billion[7] $2.106 trillion[8]
GDP (nominal) per capita $50,339[7] $34,997[9]
GDP (PPP) $563.882 billion[7] $2.610 trillion[10]
GDP (PPP) per capita $52,477[7] $43,376[11]
HDI 0.945[12] 0.892[12]
Currency Swedish krona (SEK) Euro

History

Gustav Bernadotte with Umberto I at the end of the XIX century

Historical evidence shows some official encounters between the two countries' Heads of State during the years. In the 1890s The Crown Prince of Sweden and Norway Gustav Bernadotte visited Italy to meet King Umberto I. A photo portrays them at the ippodromo Tor di Quinto.

In 1933 King Vittorio Emanuele III met with King Gustav V.

King Vittorio Emanuele III with King Gustavo V, 1913
King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and the President of Italy, Giuseppe Saragat

In 1966 King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and the President of Italy, Giuseppe Saragat were photographed in a carriage.

Italy and Sweden are both part of the European Union. Italy[13] was one of the six countries that founded it in 1951 by signing the Treaty of Paris, which created the European Coal and Steel Community[14]. Sweden became a member of the European Union on January 1, 1995[15], when the country joined the European Economic Community.

Sweden and Italy became members of the United Nations respectively in 1946 and 1955[16].

Italy and Sweden were both in the coalition of 35 countries that fought Iraq in the Gulf War (1990-1991). The coalition was led by the United Nations, and more specifically by the United States of America. The Gulf War was preceded by the occupation of the Kuwait region by Iraq and an embargo declared by the Security Council against Iraq[17]. Italy contributed to the conflict through its air forces and the 225 missions that were concluded were collectively given the name of Operazione Locusta[18]. Sweden held a field hospital[19] and had a role in the disarmament of Iraq, following the war (1991-2003)[20].

Economic cooperation

Italy and Sweden are trade partners.

Swedish exports to Italy amounted to 4.24 billion dollars, 2.78% of its total sum in 2020. In the same year Italy accounted for 3.71% of Sweden's total value of imports, with 5.19 billion dollars.[21]

In 2020, Sweden represented 1.08% of total Italian exports, amounting to 5.19 billion dollars and 0.99% of total Italian imports, for a value of 4.24 billion dollars. [22] In 2021, Sweden was Italy's 18th commercial partner with regard to Italian exports and the 23rd in relation to its imports.[23]

The main sectors for Sweden's imports from Italy are machinery, motor vehicles and trailers, food and metallurgical products. The most important sectors for imports from Sweden to Italy in 2018 were paper and paper products.

As of 2016 there were 145 Italian companies operating in Sweden which employ 5153 people. These are mainly commercial branches. Some Italian companies have also shown interest for infrastructural projects regarding, for example, the Swedish railway. In the same year there were 300 Swedish companies operating within the Italian territory and employing almost 36000 people. These include Ericcson, Volvo, H&M and IKEA.[24]

International obligations

In 1980 Sweden and Italy concluded a treaty for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes on income and capital. Italy signed the treaty on March 6, 1980 and ratified it on June 4, 1982. In Italy, the treaty entered into force on July 5, 1983. [25]

Cultural cooperation

Even if cultural relations between Italy and Sweden are mainly based on the education sector, they also involve a number of different contexts.

Italy and Sweden coordinate in arranging educational exchanges from high school to post-doctoral, also including the establishment of summer courses for Italian and Swedish teachers. The Italian Institute of Culture wants to foster Italian culture in the Swedish territory by enhancing the use of the Italian language in foreign schools and universities. Moreover, this cooperation between the two countries implies an education financing plan which is based on the deployment of scholarships. The Italian Embassy in Stockholm also works for promoting and facilitating cultural ties between Italian and Swedish cultures and cultural organizations.[26] An intense spread of information in Sweden, concerning the Italian way of living and customs and traditions in Italy, consolidate closeness and knowledge between the two countries.[26] In 1941, after the conclusion of a bilateral agreement between the two States, the first Italian Institute for the development of Italian language was created in Stockholm; in 1954, it also became the well-known "Italian Institute of Culture in Stockholm" for the mutual transmission and sharing of the two cultures.[27] The creation of this institute has determined a starting point for future artistic and cultural collaborations in the spirit of mutual commitment.[28]

An additional cultural cooperation is developed with regard to the creation of cultural events both in Sweden and in Italy, such as art exhibitions. To demonstrate this, while Swedish cultural organizations have welcomed during the years many Italian artistic workshops, theatrical exhibitions and musical events,[26] every year Italy reaffirms its commitment to the Swedish culture and arts throught the exhibition of the Swedish Pavilion at the Biennale of Venice. This evocative building was established in 1962 and, from that year, it has been representative of the Swedish naturalistic culture and art.[29]

1962 Venice Biennale Nordic pavillon

Furthermore, many Italian and Swedish institutions have shared scientific partnerships through the arranging of various scientific seminars, organized tours which promote the spread of mutual information and research contracts.[26]

Scientific cooperation

In 2014 an Italy-Sweden Joint Committe signed the 2014-2017 Executive Programme of Scientific and Technological Cooperation. The committe remembered the importance of the Italian-Swedish partnership in science and technology in relation to the economy, the society and the culture of the two countries. The Committee approved five financed projects on areas of common interest, such as Cultural Heritage, Nanoscience and Neuroscience. [30]

In 2017 the Italian MAECI (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International cooperation) in collaboration with the MIUR (Ministry of Education, Univerity and Research) launched a call for joint research projects between Italy and Sweden as a part of the 2018-2020 science and technology cooperation agreement. Among the prioritized areas of research there was Natural Hazard, Technology applied to Nanoscience, Neuroscience and Oncology, Clear Energy, Intelligent Factory and Cyber Security, as well as Technology and Research applied to Cultural Heritage. [31]

Sport

The 13th november 2017 the Italian and Swidish men's national soccer team confronted each other on the pit for the Fifa World Cup qualifications. The final result was 0-0, declaring the elimination of the Italian team. It was the second time in history that Italians were not present in the competition. [32]

See also

References

  1. ^ "La historia de los godos, la tribu que vino del norte".
  2. ^ "Trettonde årgången (händelserna 1935) /" (in Swedish). Svenska dagbladet's yearbook. 1935. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  3. ^ Anna Rabe (15 December 2012). "Hägg fångar Italiens färg och paradoxer" (in Swedish). Svenska dagbladet. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
  4. ^ "Italy, Rome". Sweden Abroad. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
  5. ^ "Consular offices". ambstoccolma.esteri.it. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
  6. ^ "Indicatori demografici". www.istat.it (in Italian). 2020-02-20. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  7. ^ a b c d "Sweden", Wikipedia, 2022-04-15, retrieved 2022-04-19
  8. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  9. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  10. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  11. ^ "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  12. ^ a b "United Nations Development Programme", Wikipedia, 2022-04-19, retrieved 2022-04-19
  13. ^ "Italia". european-union.europa.eu (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  14. ^ "European Union | Definition, Flag, Purpose, History, & Members | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  15. ^ "Svezia". european-union.europa.eu (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  16. ^ "Gli Stati Membri delle Nazioni Unite". ONU Italia (in Italian). 2021-02-17. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  17. ^ "GUERRA DEL GOLFO in "Enciclopedia Italiana"". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  18. ^ "Operazione Locusta: L' Aeronautica Militare Italiana e la prima guerra del Golfo". Panorama (in Italian). 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  19. ^ Försvarsmakten. "Fältsjukhusinsatsen i Kuwait". Försvarsmakten (in Swedish). Retrieved 2022-04-21.
  20. ^ Habtom, Naman Karl-Thomas (2021-03-15). "The Swedish Role in the Disarmament of Iraq, 1991-2003". Scandinavian Journal of History. 46 (2): 269–284. doi:10.1080/03468755.2020.1866065. ISSN 0346-8755.
  21. ^ "Sweden latest trends".
  22. ^ "Italy (ITA) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners | OEC". OEC - The Observatory of Economic Complexity. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  23. ^ "Interscambio commerciale italiano con il resto del mondo infoMercatiEsteri - www.infomercatiesteri.it - infoMercatiEsteri - www.infomercatiesteri.it". www.infomercatiesteri.it. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  24. ^ "Trade pattern with Italy". ambstoccolma.esteri.it. Retrieved 2022-04-22.
  25. ^ "Convenzioni per evitare le doppie imposizioni". Dipartimento Finanze (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-05-05.
  26. ^ a b c d "Cultural cooperation". ambstoccolma.esteri.it. Retrieved 2022-04-19.
  27. ^ Redazione, About the Author / (2021-05-02). "80anni di rapporti culturali tra Svezia e Italia". Il Corriere Nazionale (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-23. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  28. ^ "80 leggerissimi anni - 80 anni di cultura italiana in Svezia". iicstoccolma.esteri.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-24.
  29. ^ Milan, Laura (20 April 2021). "Biennale di Venezia, viaggio nel padiglione dei Paesi Nordici". Tecknoring.
  30. ^ "ITALY AND SWEDEN SIGN SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION PROGRAMME". Agi (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  31. ^ "Italy-Sweden Cooperation: Call for Proposals for Joint Research Projects". fundsforNGOs. 2017-06-20. Retrieved 2022-05-01.
  32. ^ "Italy 0-0 Sweden (agg: 0-1)". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2022-05-05.

External links

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