1989 24 Hours of Le Mans

1989 24 Hours of Le Mans

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Le Mans in 1989

The 1989 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 57th Grand Prix of Endurance, taking place at the Circuit de la Sarthe, France, on the 10 and 11 June 1989. This year it was not included as a round of the 1989 World Sports-Prototype Championship. The entry list promised a strong contest between five manufacturers. Jaguar had won in 1988 and went on to win the championship; while Sauber had finished second and was now matching Jaguar on the track. New regulations were coming in 1991, and the first examples of the 3.5-litre normally-aspirated formula were entered by Spice Engineering.

The 1989 Le Mans Winners' Trophy

Although the Saubers started on the front row, it was the Jaguar of Davy Jones that led for the first three hours until the car suddenly came to a stop on the back straight, dropping them well down the field. With the Saubers running to a designated race-pace, it was the Joest Porsche of Wollek and Stuck that took the lead, keeping it for six hours, and into the night. The Jaguar team kept having niggly problems that left them constantly playing catch-up. As night fell, it was the Joest Porsches running a surprising 1-2. However, at 1.20am, Stuck brought his car in with overheating problems, losing the 3-lap lead they had built up. This moved the Lammers Jaguar to the front for the rest of the night, chased by two of the Saubers. It all came apart for Jaguar as dawn arrived as their three remaining cars were waylaid, two of them needing full gearbox changes. This left the Saubers racing each other on the same lap. But when Baldi ran out of brakes and ended up in the Dunlop gravel-trap, Dickens went through to take a lead he would not relinquish. Baldi's Sauber lost its chance to force the issue when the gearbox gave up leaving co-driver Acheson to run home stuck in fifth gear. Third was the Wollek/Stuck Porsche, seven laps behind the winners fighting clutch problems, with the best of the Jaguars – that of Lammers/Tambay/Gilbert-Scott – in fourth.

In the C2 class, it had been a race of attrition with every car suffering some kind of delay and only five of the fourteen entries finishing. In the end, the class win went to the Cougar of Philippe Farjon and Courage Compétition. Mazda again had the GTP class to themselves, and again, they were pleased to have all three finish – the best coming home seventh overall, 21 laps behind the winner. The event was also notable for the unusual number of cars catching fire - with six of them afflicted either in practice or during the race. Despite the alarming spectacles, the drivers were all able to stop and get out without suffering injury.

Regulations

At the end of 1988, the FIA (Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile) announced an overhaul of the Group C regulations. From 1991, the fuel restrictions would be removed, and the cars would have a weight-limit of 750 kg and be powered by 3.5-litre non-turbo engines. The formula was proposed by Bernie Ecclestone, the FIA officer in charge of promotion. These engines were coming into Formula 1 this year, and it was an undisguised attempt to bring the major Sports Car manufacturers (Porsche, Jaguar, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, Nissan, Mazda) into that series at a reduced cost of two series for one engine. Races would be 350 km (with co-drivers optional), aside from the only endurance race in the schedule- at Le Mans.

At a stroke, Group C would be consigned to history, with 1989 and 1990 now designated as transitional seasons to allow the new models to be phased in. Group C2 would be ended at the close of this year. Group C cars would still run to the fuel restrictions, with an additional 50 kg of minimum weight added and manual control of the turbo-boost now banned. In contrast, the new 3.5-litre engines were not under these restrictions. This year's championship would be 9 rounds, with teams required to enter every round or face a US$250,000 fine per race missed. The only exception was for Japanese teams who could miss one European round. The ACO (Automobile Club de l'Ouest) was allowed to take entries from non-Championship cars if the number of official entries was less than 50. Ecclestone also stated that the FIA had control over TV rights and had also signed contracts for race-timing with Longines and Olivetti.

All of these were at odds with the contracts the ACO already had in place. When it was still unresolved by May, the ACO had no option but to withdraw the race from the World Championship. This did not go down well with many teams – particularly the Japanese ones – who had committed to the costly full season to be able to compete at Le Mans, which they could now do anyway. This year, the ACO modified the formula for the Indice Energétique, to become the Challenge Econergie.

Entries

Despite the FIA regulations, the entry-list was one of the strongest of the Group C era, with five different manufacturers now with genuine race-winning aspirations. There were 25 factory cars – with the notable exception of Porsche. However, it was supporting a flotilla of 17 customer entries, easily the strongest marque present. Joining them this year was Aston Martin, late to the party, and Spice, who were the first to introduce a design to the new 3.5-litre specifications. The C2 class of 17 was dominated by Spice, with 8 entries reflecting its current dominance in racing series around the world. Once again, Mazda entered its cars in the IMSA-GTP class, and again the three of them had the class to themselves. For the first time since 1982 (the inaugural year of the Group C era), a full grid of 55 cars took the start.

Class	Quantity	Turbo+Rotary engines
Group C1	41 / 38	33 / 30
IMSA-GTP	3 / 3	3 / 3
Group C2	18 / 14	2 / 2
Total Entries	62 / 55	38 / 35

• Note: The first number is the number accepted, the second the number who started.

Race

The race was the last time the 24 Hours of Le Mans ran without the two chicanes on the Mulsanne Straight; for the interest of safety to reduce speeds from reaching 250 mph (402 km/h) in the previous years and this race, these chicanes were installed the next year and remains in use.

The speeds on the Mulsanne Straight were so high that many of the drivers were concerned if their cars would stay on the ground over the humps and bumps of the straight. There were no serious accidents, something Le Mans in the 1980s had many of.

Having run his cars at Le Mans for a decade, Peter Sauber was aided by Mercedes in winning the 1989 race. His "Silver Arrows" Sauber C9s finished 1st, 2nd and 5th, with Porsches and Jaguars finishing behind.

Official results

Finishers

Results taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO
Class Winners are in Bold text.

Pos	Class	No.	Team	Drivers	Chassis	Engine	Tyre	Laps
1	Gr.C1	63	Team Sauber Mercedes	Jochen Mass Manuel Reuter Stanley Dickens	Sauber C9	Mercedes-Benz M119 5.0L V8 twin turbo	M	390
2	Gr.C1	61	Team Sauber Mercedes	Mauro Baldi Kenny Acheson Gianfranco Brancatelli	Sauber C9	Mercedes-Benz M119 5.0L V8 twin turbo	M	385
3	Gr.C1	9	Joest Racing	Hans-Joachim Stuck Bob Wollek	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	G	383
4	Gr.C1	1	Silk Cut Jaguar Team Tom Walkinshaw Racing	Jan Lammers Patrick Tambay Andrew Gilbert-Scott	Jaguar XJR-9LM	Jaguar 7.0L V12	D	381
5	Gr.C1	62	Team Sauber Mercedes	Jean-Louis Schlesser Jean-Pierre Jabouille Alain Cudini	Sauber C9	Mercedes-Benz M119 5.0L V8 twin turbo	M	379
6	Gr.C1	8	Joest Racing	Henri Pescarolo Claude Ballot-Léna Jean-Louis Ricci	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	G	372
7	IMSA GTP	201	Mazdaspeed	David Kennedy Pierre Dieudonné Chris Hodgetts	Mazda 767B	Mazda 13J-M 2.6L quad-rotary	D	369
8	Gr.C1	4	Silk Cut Jaguar Team Tom Walkinshaw Racing	Alain Ferté Michel Ferté Eliseo Salazar	Jaguar XJR-9LM	Jaguar 7.0L V12	D	369
9	IMSA GTP	202	Mazdaspeed	Takashi Yorino Hervé Regout Elliot Forbes-Robinson	Mazda 767B	Mazda 13J-M 2.6L quad-rotary	D	366
10	Gr.C1	16	Repsol Brun Motorsport	Harald Huysman Uwe Schäfer Dominique Lacaud	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	Y	352
11	Gr.C1	18	Aston Martin Ecurie Ecosse	Brian Redman Michael Roe Costas Los	Aston Martin AMR1	Aston Martin RDP87 6.0L V8	G	340
12	IMSA GTP	203	Mazdaspeed	Yojiro Terada Marc Duez Volker Weidler	Mazda 767	Mazda 13J-4M 2.6L quad-rotary	D	340
13	Gr.C1	55	Omron Racing Team Schuppan	Vern Schuppan Eje Elgh Gary Brabham	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	D	322
14	Gr.C2	113	Courage Compétition	Jean-Claude Andruet Philippe Farjon Shunji Kasuya	Cougar C20B	Porsche 935 2.8L F6 turbo	G	313
15	Gr.C1	20	Team Davey (private entrant)	Tim Lee-Davey Tom Dodd-Noble Katsunori Iketani	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	D	309
16	Gr.C2	171	Team Mako (private entrant)	Don Shead Robbie Stirling Ross Hyett	Spice-Fiero SE88C	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	307
17	Gr.C2	108	GP Motorsport Roy Baker Racing	Dudley Wood Evan Clements Philippe de Henning	Spice-Fiero SE87C	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	304
18	Gr.C2	126	France Prototeam J. Messaoudi (private entrant)	Jean Messaoudi Pierre-François Rousselot Thierry Lecerf	Argo JM19C	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	298
19	Gr.C2	104	Graff Racing Spice Engineering	Jean-Philippe Grand Rémy Pochauvin Jean-Luc Roy	Spice SE89C	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	292

Did not finish

Pos	Class	No	Team	Drivers	Chassis	Engine	Tyre	Laps	Reason
DNF	Gr.C1	14	Richard Lloyd Racing	Derek Bell James Weaver Tiff Needell	Porsche 962C GTi	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	G	339	Fire (23hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	10	Porsche Kremer Racing	Kunimitsu Takahashi Bruno Giacomelli Giovanni Lavaggi	Porsche 962C-K6	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	Y	303	Fire (21hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	25	Nissan Motorsports International	Geoff Brabham Chip Robinson Arie Luyendyk	Nissan R89C	Nissan VRH35Z 3.5L V8 twin turbo	D	250	Engine (17hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	101	Chamberlain Engineering	Nick Adams Fermín Velez Luigi Taverna	Spice SE89C	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	244	Engine (17hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	17	Repsol Brun Motorsport	Oscar Larrauri Walter Brun Jesús Pareja	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	Y	242	Engine (16hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	21	Spice Engineering	Gordon Spice Ray Bellm Lyn St. James	Spice SE89C	Cosworth DFZ 3.5L V8	G	229	Engine (16hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	15	Richard Lloyd Racing	David Hobbs Damon Hill Steven Andskär	Porsche 962C GTi	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	G	228	Engine (16hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	32	Courage Compétition Team LeMans Co	Takao Wada Akio Morimoto Anders Olofsson	March 88S (“Cougar R89V”)	Nissan VG30 3.0L V6 twin turbo	Y	221	Engine (16hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	2	Silk Cut Jaguar Team Tom Walkinshaw Racing	John Nielsen Andy Wallace Price Cobb	Jaguar XJR-9LM	Jaguar 7.0L V12	D	215	Engine (15hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	106	Porto Kaleo	Robin Smith Vito Veninata "Stingbrace" (Stefano Sebastiani)	Tiga GC288/9	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	194	Electrics (17hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	34	Porsche Alméras Montpelier	Jacques Alméras Jean-Marie Alméras Alain Ianetta	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	G	188	Accident (14hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	12	Courage Compétition	Patrick Gonin Bernard de Dryver Bernard Santal	Cougar C22	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	G	168	Electronics (14hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	23	Nissan Motorsports International	Masahiro Hasemi Kazuyoshi Hoshino Toshio Suzuki	Nissan R89C	Nissan VRH35Z 3.5L V8 twin turbo	D	167	Engine (11hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	19	Aston Martin Ecurie Ecosse	David Leslie Ray Mallock David Sears	Aston Martin AMR1	Aston Martin RDP87 6.0L V8	G	153	Electrics (11hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	22	Spice Engineering	Thorkild Thyrring Wayne Taylor Tim Harvey	Spice SE89C	Cosworth DFZ 3.5L V8	G	150	Engine (16hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	103	France Prototeam	Pierre de Thoisy Raymond Touroul Bernard Thuner	Spice-Fiero SE88C	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	133	Chassis (13hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	107	Tiga Race Team	Max Cohen-Olivar John Sheldon Robin Donovan	Tiga GC289	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	126	Transmission (14hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	7	Joest Racing	Frank Jelinski Pierre-Henri Raphanel "John Winter" (Louis Krages)	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	G	124	Water leak (8hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	13	Courage Compétition	Pascal Fabre Jean-Louis Bousquet Jiro Yoneyama	Cougar C22	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	G	110	Engine (10hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	52	WM Secateva	Jean-Daniel Raulet Philippe Gache Pascal Pessiot	WM P489	Peugeot PRV ZNS4 3.0L V6 twin-turbo	M	110	Fire (21hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	102	Chamberlain Engineering	John Hotchkis John Hotchkis Jr Richard Jones	Spice-Fiero SE86C	Hart 418T 1873cc S4 turbo	G	86	Oil leak (10hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	3	Silk Cut Jaguar Team Tom Walkinshaw Racing	Davy Jones Derek Daly Jeff Kline	Jaguar XJR-9LM	Jaguar 7.0L V12	D	85	Engine (6hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	27	Repsol Brun Motorsport	Rudi Seher Franz Konrad Andrés Vilariño	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	Y	81	Engine (6hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	5	Repsol Brun Motorsport From A Racing	Harald Grohs Sarel van der Merwe Akihiko Nakaya	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	Y	78	Gearbox (7hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	177	Automobiles Louis Descartes (private entrant)	Louis Descartes Alain Serpaggi Yves Hervalet	ALD C289	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	75	Radiator (10hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	33	Racing Team Schuppan Takefuji	Will Hoy Jean Alesi / Dominic Dobson	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	D	69	Fire (5hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	72	Obermaier Racing Primagaz Compétition	Jürgen Lässig Pierre Yver Paul Belmondo	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/79 2.8L F6 twin turbo	G	61	Accident (5hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	37	Toyota Team TOM'S	Geoff Lees Johnny, Earl Dumfries John Watson	Toyota 89C-V	Toyota R32V 3.2L V8 twin turbo	B	58	Accident (6hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	151	P.-A. Lombardi (private entrant)	Pierre-Alain Lombardi Bruno Sotty Fabio Magnani	Spice-Fiero SE86C	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	58	Suspension (5hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	6	Repsol Brun Motorsport Alpha Nova Racing	Maurizio Sandro Sala Roland Ratzenberger Walter Lechner	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	Y	58	Suspension (4hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	36	Toyota Team TOM'S	Hitoshi Ogawa Paolo Barilla Ross Cheever	Toyota 89C-V	Toyota R32V 3.2L V8 twin turbo	B	45	Engine (4hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	11	Porsche Kremer Racing	George Fouché Masanori Sekiya Hideki Okada	Porsche 962C-K6	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo	Y	42	Accident (4hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	105	Porto Kaleo	Noël del Bello Jean-Claude Justice Jean-Claude Ferrarin	Tiga GC288/9	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	36	Engine (5hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	38	Toyota Team TOM'S	Kaoru Hoshino Didier Artzet Keiichi Suzuki	Toyota 88C	Toyota 3S-GTM 2.1L S4 turbo	B	20	Accident (3hr)
DNF	Gr.C2	175	ADA Engineering	Ian Harrower Laurence Bristow Colin Pool	ADA 02B	Cosworth DFL 3.3L V8	G	14	Electrics (7hr)
DNF	Gr.C1	24	Nissan Motorsports International	Julian Bailey Mark Blundell Martin Donnelly	Nissan R89C	Nissan VRH35Z 3.5L V8 twin turbo	D	5	Accident (1hr)

Did not start

Pos	Class	No	Team	Drivers	Chassis	Engine	Tyre	Reason
DNS	Gr.C1	51	WM Secateva	Roger Dorchy Michel Maisonneuve	WM P489	Peugeot PRV ZNS4 3.0L V6 twin-turbo	M	Fire
DNQ	Gr.C1	29	Mussato Action Car	Almo Coppelli Franco Scapini Ernst Franzmaier	Lancia LC2	Ferrari 308C 3.1L V8 twin turbo	D	Fire
DNQ	Gr.C2	176	Automobiles Louis Descartes (private entrant)	Thierry Serfaty Sylvain Boulay “Batmalle“ (William Batmalle)	ALD 04	BMW M88 3.5L S6	G	Did not qualify
DNQ	Gr.C2	178	D. Bonnet (private entrant)	Didier Bonnet Gérard Tremblay Gérard Cuynet	ALD 05	BMW M88 3.5L S6	A	Did not qualify
DNQ	Gr.C2	179	D. Bonnet (private entrant)	Jean-Luc Colin François Cardon Yves Bey-Rozet	ALD 06	BMW M88 3.5L S6	G	Did not qualify
DNA	Gr.C1	17	Jochen Dauer Racing (private entrant)	Jochen Dauer Franz Konrad	Porsche 962C	Porsche ... L F6 twin turbo		Did not arrive
DNA	Gr.C1	40	Swiss Team Salamin (private entrant)	Antoine Salamin Max Cohen-Olivar	Porsche 962C	Porsche 935/82 3.0L F6 twin turbo		Did not arrive
DNA	Gr.C2	111	PC Automotive (private entrant)	Richard Piper Olindo Iacobelli Alain Ianetta	Spice-Fiero SE88C	Cosworth DFL 3.3 L V8	G	Did not arrive
Res	Gr.C1		N. del Bello (private entrant)	Noël del Bello	Sauber C8	Mercedes-Benz M117 5.0L V8 twin turbo		Not required
Res	Gr.C2		Roy Baker Racing	Duncan Bain Steve Hynes Max Cohen-Olivar	Tiga GC289	Cosworth DFL 3.3 L V8		Not required

Class winners

Class	Winning Car	Winning Drivers
Group C1	#63 Sauber C9	Mass / Reuter / Dickens
Group C2	#113 Cougar C20LM	Andruet / Farjon / Kasuya
IMSA-GTP	#201 Mazda 757B	Dieudonné / Kennedy / Hodgetts *
Note *: setting a new class distance record.

Challenge Econergie

Pos	Class	No	Team	Drivers	Chassis	Score
1	Gr.C2	104	Graff Racing Spice Engineering	Jean-Philippe Grand Rémy Pochauvin Jean-Luc Roy	Spice SE89C	4.621
2	Gr.C1	61	Team Sauber Mercedes	Mauro Baldi Kenny Acheson Gianfranco Brancatelli	Sauber C9	3.101
3	Gr.C1	62	Team Sauber Mercedes	Jean-Louis Schlesser Jean-Pierre Jabouille Alain Cudini	Sauber C9	3.088
4	Gr.C2	171	Team Mako (private entrant)	Don Shead Robbie Stirling Ross Hyett	Spice-Fiero SE88C	2.987
5	Gr.C1	9	Joest Racing	Hans-Joachim Stuck Bob Wollek	Porsche 962C	2.949
6	Gr.C1	63	Team Sauber Mercedes	Jochen Mass Manuel Reuter Stanley Dickens	Sauber C9	1.698
7	Gr.C1	4	Silk Cut Jaguar Team	Alain Ferté Michel Ferté Eliseo Salazar	Jaguar XJR-9LM	1.304
8	Gr.C1	18	Aston Martin Ecurie Ecosse	Brian Redman Michael Roe Costas Los	Aston Martin AMR1	0.776
9	Gr.C1	1	Silk Cut Jaguar Team	Jan Lammers Patrick Tambay Andrew Gilbert-Scott	Jaguar XJR-9LM	0.726
10	IMSA GTP	201	Mazdaspeed	David Kennedy Pierre Dieudonné Chris Hodgetts	Mazda 767B	-1.043

• Note: Only the top ten positions are included in this set of standings.

Statistics

Taken from Quentin Spurring's book, officially licensed by the ACO

• Pole Position – J.-L. Schlesser, #62 Sauber C9 - 3:15.0secs; 249.9 km/h (155.3 mph)
• Fastest Lap – A. Ferté, #4 Jaguar XJR-9LM– 3:21.1secs; 242.1 km/h (150.4 mph)
• Winning Distance – 5,265.12 km (3,271.59 mi)
• Winner's Average Speed – 220.0 km/h (136.7 mph)
• Attendance – 230,000

References

• Bernard, Davoine, Holtz & Holtz (2023) 100 Years of legends Sherborne, Dorset: Evro Publishing ISBN 978-1-910505-75-5
• Clarke, R.M. - editor (1999) Le Mans 'The Porsche & Jaguar Years 1983-1991' Cobham, Surrey: Brooklands Books ISBN 1-85520-483-5
• Laban, Brian (2001) Le Mans 24 Hours London: Virgin Books ISBN 1-85227-971-0
• Spurring, Quentin (2012) Le Mans 1980-89 Yeovil, Somerset: Haynes Publishing ISBN 978-0-85733-128-1
• Williams, Richard (2023) 24 Hours – 100 Years of Le Mans London: Simon & Schuster ISBN 978-1-3985-1722-6
• Wimpffen, János (2008) Monocoques and Ground Effects Hong Kong: David Bull Publishing ISBN 1-893618-97-8

External links

• Racing Sports Cars – Le Mans 24 Hours 1983 with entries, results, technical detail and photos of every car. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023
• Le Mans History – Le Mans entry-list and hour-by-hour placings (incl. pictures of every car, quotes, highest speeds per car, YouTube links). Retrieved 26 Nov 2023
• World Sports Racing Prototypes – results, reserve entries & chassis numbers. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023
• Team Dan – results & reserve entries, explaining driver listings. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023
• Unique Cars & Parts – results & reserve entries. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023
• Formula 2 – Le Mans results & reserve entries. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023
• Speedfreaks – Results table for the World Challenge for Endurance Drivers. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023
• Motorsport Memorial – motor-racing deaths by year. Retrieved 26 Nov 2023

• YouTube – race coverage with some focus on the WM, just engine and track sounds (15min). Retrieved 10 Jan 2024
• YouTube – start and first lap, English commentary (6min). Retrieved 10 Jan 2024
• YouTube – compilation of race-incidents (20min). Retrieved 10 Jan 2024
• YouTube – Autosport documentary about the Sauber C9 (6min). Retrieved 10 Jan 2024
• YouTube – Project Dream documentary about the Sauber C9 (9min). Retrieved 10 Jan 2024