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Fennek

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Not to be confused with Fennec.

LGS Fennek
Royal Netherlands Army Fennek
TypeScout car
Place of origin Germany
 Netherlands
Service history
In service2003–present
Used by German Army
 Royal Netherlands Army
 Qatari Emiri Land Force
 Ukrainian Ground Forces
WarsWar in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022–present)
Production history
DesignerKrauss-Maffei Wegmann
Dutch Defence Vehicle Systems
Designed1997–2000
ManufacturerKrauss-Maffei Wegmann
Dutch Defence Vehicle Systems
Unit cost€1.6 million
Produced2001–present
No. built632
Specifications
Mass9.7–10.4 tonnes (10.7–11.5 short tons)
Length5.71 metres (18.7 ft)
Width2.49 metres (8.2 ft)
Height1.79 metres (5.9 ft)
Crew3
Main
armament
HK GMG 40 mm grenade autocannon or Rheinmetall MG3 (German version), M2HB 12.7 mm machine gun (Dutch versions)
Secondary
armament
2x3 smoke grenade launcher[1]
EngineDeutz diesel
179 kW (239 hp)
Power/weight18.5 kW/tonne
SuspensionSelectable 4 wheel drive
Operational
range
860 kilometres (530 miles)
Maximum speed 115 kilometres per hour (71 mph)

The Fennek, named after the fennec (a species of small desert fox), or LGS Fennek, with LGS being short for Leichter Gepanzerter Spähwagen in German (Light Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle), is a four-wheeled armed reconnaissance vehicle produced by the German company Krauss-Maffei Wegmann and Dutch Defence Vehicle Systems.[2] The Turkish company FNSS Defence Systems acquired the right for licence production in 2004.[3][4][5] It was developed for both the German Army and Royal Netherlands Army to replace their current vehicles.

History

In April 2000, the prototype vehicle finished field trials and in December 2001 a combined order was placed. The Royal Netherlands Army ordered 410 (202 reconnaissance, 130 MRAT (medium range antitank) and 78 general purpose versions) and the German Bundeswehr ordered 222 (178 reconnaissance, 24 combat engineer and 20 joint fire support teams (JFST)). More Fenneks for the German Army will be procured from 2015 on. Germany plans an overall purchase of approximately 300 Fenneks. The first vehicle was delivered to the Netherlands in July 2003[6] and the first to Germany in December of the same year. Deliveries will continue until 2011 (additional orders for the German Army are planned from 2015 on).

The Dutch SP Aerospace company, which produced the Fennek for the Dutch military, was declared bankrupt in August 2004. A new company called Dutch Defence Vehicle Systems (DDVS)[2] was created to continue the production of the vehicles for the Royal Netherlands Army.

Specifications

The Fennek has four wheels with selectable two or four wheel drive. It has a Deutz diesel engine producing 179 kW, giving it a top speed of 115 km/h (when the speedlimiter is turned off). Tire pressure can be regulated by the driver from inside the vehicle to suit terrain conditions.

The primary mission equipment is an observation package mounted on an extendable mast. Sensors include a thermal imager, daylight camera and a laser rangefinder. Combined with the vehicle's GPS and inertial navigation system the operator can accurately mark targets or points of interest and pass that data to the digital battlefield network. The sensor head of the observation package can also be removed and mounted on a tripod for concealed operation, as can the control unit from the vehicle should the crew want to use the entire system dismounted.[7] Many Fenneks of the German Army are also equipped with Aladin miniature UAVs.

Various weapons can be fitted, such as a 12.7 mm machine gun for the Dutch reconnaissance version, a Rafael Spike anti-tank missile on the Dutch MRAT version or a 40 mm automatic grenade launcher (HK GMG) or Rheinmetall MG3 for the German vehicles. The Royal Netherlands Army also placed an order at the Turkish company ASELSAN for 18 Raytheon Stinger surface-to-air missile launchers to be fitted on the Fennek. The launcher in this case is the Stinger Weapon Platform (SWP), with four Stinger missiles intended for mid-range air defence. The launcher can be controlled from on board the vehicle, or else remotely as part of a distributed air defense system. On the Dutch Fennek the primary weapon is the 12.7 mm machine gun.

The vehicle is protected all-round against 7.62 mm rounds and additional armour can be added if the mission requires. The air conditioning system provides protection against nuclear, biological and chemical warfare and the crew compartment is protected against anti-personnel mines.[8]

Variants

German Army

Variants

  • LVB (light reconnaissance and exploration, same as the one used by the Netherlands)[9]
    This variant has a The BAA surveillance module which is installed on a mast raising up to 1.5 m high. The BAA module has a laser range finder, a digital camera and a thermal imager. The mast can also be mounted on a tripod, and operated from a distance (40 m). The LVB is the main variant in service, it entered in service with the A1 standard, and evolved to the A2.
    • LVB variant in standard "Fennek 1A1" equipped with RCWS KMW 1530
    • LVB variant in standard "Fennek 1A2" equipped with RCWS FLW 200, ied jamming equipment CG-20, front protection and IR headlights
  • JFST (Joint Fire Support Team, some with and without IED added protection)[10][11]
    Sub variants:
    • TACP (Tactical Air Control Party)[12]
      Standard "Fennek 1A3"[13]
      This variant is equipped with advanced communication equipment for air support to ground forces. It also has an information system with special software for requesting fire support. It is equipped with the BAA II surveillance module.
    • Forward observer[14]
      Standard "Fennek 1A4"[10]
      It is equipped with the improved observation and reconnaissance equipment (BAA II), the army command and information system "FüInfoSysH", the artillery command system ADLER III, and extensive radio equipment
  • Fü-/ErkdFzg Pi (Command and reconnaissance vehicle Pioneer)[10][15]
    • Pioneer variant in standard "Fennek 1A1" not equipped with BAA module
    • Pioneer variant in standard "Fennek 1A2" equipped with BAA module, RCWS FLW 200, ied jamming equipment CG-20, front protection and IR headlights

Royal Netherlands Army

Variants of the Fennek in the Royal Netherlands Army:[9]

  • AD (base variant)[9][16]
    Some are, other aren't equipped with some IED added protection. The sub-variants are:
    • General Service
      This variant can receive High Frequency radio equipment as it often transport command personal.
    • 81 mm Mortar transporter (L16A2 to be replaced with the Hirtenberger M8 mortars)
      The mortar is transported on the roof, and needs to be assembled to fire.
    • VCP (Forward Command Post)
  • MRAT / LRAT (Medium / Long Range Anti-Tank)[9]
    At the moment, it is a Medium range variant. It carries a tripod for anti-tank missiles. The variant of the missile use is the Spike MR. The Army intends to purchase long range variants of the missile, thus becoming a LRAT.
  • LVB (light reconnaissance and exploration)[9]
    This variant has a The BAA surveillance module which is installed on a mast raising up to 1.5 m high. The BAA module has a laser range finder, a digital camera and a thermal imager. The mast can also be mounted on a tripod, and operated from a distance (40 m). The LVB is the main variant in service
  • JFST (Joint Fire Support Team, some with and without IED added protection)[9][11]
    • Forward observer[14]
      It is equipped with the BAA surveillance module.
    • TACP (Tactical Air Control Party)[12]
      This variant is equipped with advanced communication equipment for air support to ground forces. It also has an information system with special software for requesting fire support. It is equipped with the BAA surveillance module.
  • SWP (Stinger Weapon Platform)[9][17]
  • Training variants[9]
    • DTV (Driver Training Vehicle)
    • OLM (used for education of technical support teams)

Qatar

JFST (Joint Fire Support Team, some with and without IED added protection)[9]

  • FAO (Forward artillery observer)[18]

Operational history

Both Germany and the Netherlands have deployed Fennek reconnaissance vehicles to Afghanistan in support of ISAF.[19] On 3 November 2007, a Dutch Fennek was hit by an improvised explosive device killing one and wounding two other occupants. The vehicle and its crew were taking part in an offensive operation targeting the Taliban in the province of Uruzgan, Afghanistan.[20] In another incident a German Fennek was hit by a rocket-propelled grenade.[21] Its hollow charge jet penetrated the vehicle through the right front wheel rim, passed through the vehicle and blew the left door off the hinge. Thanks to the spall liner the crew sustained only negligible injuries.

Operators

See also

"Combat Reconnaissance/Patrol Vehicle" with rear engine:

Others:

References

  1. ^ https://weaponsystems.net/system/404-Fennek
  2. ^ a b "Home | DDVS". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  3. ^ "Cooperation between Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, Germany and FNSS,Turkey for the licensed production of the FENNEK vehicle in Turkey". defense-aerospace.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  4. ^ "Fennek". Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  5. ^ "Türk Savunma Sanayi̇i̇ Ürünler Kataloğu 2007-2008". Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 4 May 2014.
  6. ^ "Fennek Delivery Details". Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  7. ^ "Fennek Observation Details". Archived from the original on 11 March 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
  8. ^ "Fennek Self Protection Details". Archived from the original on 11 March 2009. Retrieved 9 July 2009.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Defensie, Ministerie van (24 April 2023). "Fennek-verkenningsvoertuig – Materieel – Defensie.nl". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  10. ^ a b c "Spähwagen Fennek". bundeswehr.de (in German). 30 March 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  11. ^ a b "FENNEK JFST – KNDS". knds.de. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  12. ^ a b "FENNEK TACP – KNDS". knds.de. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  13. ^ "BW – JFST Fennek 1A3 Luft/Boden | TANK-MASTERS – Photos & Journalism | Military Photos & Journalism" (in German). Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  14. ^ a b "FENNEK Artillery Observer – KNDS". knds.de. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  15. ^ "FENNEK Pioneer – KNDS". knds.de. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  16. ^ "FENNEK AD – KNDS". knds.de. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  17. ^ "FENNEK SWP – KNDS". knds.de. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  18. ^ "FENNEK FAO – KNDS". knds.de. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  19. ^ FENNEK Highly protected vehicle family Archived 28 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine Krauss-Maffei Wegmann & Co. KG
  20. ^ First Fennek Lost in IED Attack Archived 21 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine AVIATION WEEK, 11/5/2007
  21. ^ "Rocket Propelled Grenade Attack Details". Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  22. ^ "Fennek – Wheeled Armed Reconnaissance Vehicle". Army Technology. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  23. ^ a b Support teams data bundeswehr.de
  24. ^ "Großgerät der Bundeswehr". Bundeswehr.de (in German). Berlin: German Armed Forces. 22 October 2015. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  25. ^ "Bundeswehr erhält 30 Spähwagen Fennek JFST". bundeswehr-journal. 3 July 2017. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  26. ^ "Licht verkennings- en bewakingsvoertuig (LVB)" (PDF). zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 11 August 2023.
  27. ^ "Fennek-verkenningsvoertuig". Defensie.nl (in Dutch). Dutch Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 29 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  28. ^ Defensie, Ministerie van (24 April 2023). "Fennek-verkenningsvoertuig – Koninklijke Landmacht – Defensie.nl". defensie.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  29. ^ Nkala, Oscar (24 October 2014). "Germany approves export of military vehicles, small arms to Algeria". Defenceweb. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
  30. ^ "SIPRI Arms Transfers Database | SIPRI". sipri.org. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
  31. ^ "Україна отримала розвідувальні машини Fennek". Мілітарний (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 13 February 2023.
  32. ^ "Netherlands reveals list of weapons & combat vehicles sent to Ukraine". Army Recognition. 14 April 2023.
  33. ^ "Militaire steun aan Oekraïne". Ministerie van Defensie (in Dutch). 13 April 2023.
  34. ^ Defensie, Ministerie van (13 April 2023). "Defence to publish more information about deliveries to Ukraine – News item – Defensie.nl". english.defensie.nl. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
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