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Typhoon Gaemi

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This article is about the 2024 typhoon. For other storms of the same name, see List of storms named Gaemi.

Typhoon Gaemi (Carina)
Typhoon Gaemi approaching Taiwan on July 24
Meteorological history
FormedJuly 19, 2024
Very strong typhoon
10-minute sustained (JMA)
Highest winds165 km/h (105 mph)
Lowest pressure940 hPa (mbar); 27.76 inHg
Category 4-equivalent typhoon
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC)
Highest winds230 km/h (145 mph)
Lowest pressure919 hPa (mbar); 27.14 inHg
Overall effects
Fatalities25+[citation needed]
Injuries203+
Missing1+
Damage$1.35 million (2024 USD)
Areas affected
IBTrACSEdit this at Wikidata / [1][2][3][4]
Part of the 2024 Pacific typhoon season

Typhoon Gaemi, known in the Philippines as Super Typhoon Carina, is an active tropical cyclone that is currently threatening Taiwan, after severely affecting the Philippines in late July 2024. Gaemi, which means ant in Korean, is the third named storm and second typhoon of the 2024 season. Gaemi started as a tropical disturbance near Palau on July 19. The disturbance continued to intensify further due to its favorable conditions in the Philippine Sea. PAGASA would name the depression Carina during its presence inside the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). On July 20, Carina was upgraded into a tropical storm, which attained the name Gaemi by the JMA. Moving northwestwards, Gaemi began to organize its cloud tops as it started to reach typhoon status. On July 23, Gaemi rapidly intensified into a Category-4 typhoon as it underwent an eyewall replacement cycle. Gaemi slightly weakened into a high-end Category-3 typhoon while it was stalling over the coast before it made landfall over Hualien, Taiwan on Wednesday night.

Together with the southwest monsoon and Tropical Storm Prapiroon, heavy rains were reported over southern and northern Luzon, triggering widespread flash floods in various areas of the region.[5]

Meteorological history

Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
triangle Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

On July 17, the JMA began tracking a low-pressure area east of Palau.[6] Two days later, the JTWC began tracking the system.[7] Shortly after, they issued a TCFA on the system, stating that it was in favorable conditions with low vertical wind shear.[8] Shortly after, the JMA designated it as a depression.[9] PAGASA followed suit a few hours later, recognizing the system as a tropical depression and naming it Carina.[10] Soon after, the JTWC designated the system as Tropical Depression 05W.[11] Early the next day, the tropical depression intensified into a tropical storm, and was given the name Gaemi by the JMA.[12] Intensifying due to being in a conducive environment for developing, on July 21, Gaemi became a severe tropical storm.[13] Early the next day, Gaemi intensified into a typhoon.[14] Due to its very warm sea surface temperature, low vertical wind shear, and good outflow, on July 23, Gaemi intensified into a very strong typhoon.[15] While Gaemi was strengthening, an eyewall replacement cycle started to execute around its convection.[16] At 15:00 PHT (07:00 UTC), PAGASA upgraded the system into a super typhoon.[17] Gaemi later reached its peak intensity of 1-minute sustained winds of 125 kn (145 mph; 230 km/h).[18] After stalling and executing a tight counter-clockwise loop near the coast, Gaemi slightly weakened into a Category-3 typhoon due to land interaction before it made landfall over Hualien, Taiwan.[19] As it passed over the island, Gaemi weakened into a Category-2 typhoon.[20]

Preparations

Philippines

Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal graphic issued by the PAGASA for Gaemi.

As Gaemi developed in the Philippine Area of Responsibility, the PAGASA began issuing weather advisories on the system, as it interacted with the southwest monsoon and Tropical Storm Prapiroon over the South China Sea.[21] Initial forecasts issued by the agency projected that Gaemi would not make landfall on the Philippines, however, moisture from the storm would be drawn into the southwest monsoon and bring heavy rainfall and strong winds to the archipelago.[22] Therefore, on July 22, the PAGASA issued a Signal No. 1 wind warning in parts of the Babuyan Islands, Batanes, Cagayan, and Isabela. The PAGASA expected winds of up to 61 km/h (69 mph) in these provinces.[23] On the morning of July 23, PAGASA raised to Signal No. 2 warning in Batanes as Gaemi's outer rainbands began to affect the province.[24] Classes in all levels and several local government units were suspended in some areas of Luzon including Metro Manila on July 23 due to the storm.[25][26] Several commercial flights were cancelled at Ninoy Aquino International Airport, as well as flights in Basco, Cagayan, and Tuguegarao City. Ship travel was suspended in Itbayat.[27] The Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (PDRRMO) in La Union raised a red alert on July 21, requiring all personnel to be readied for deployment. Emergency staff were deployed to operations centers where stockpiles of supplies and vehicles were prepared. Government offices in the province closed on the afternoon of July 23, with only emergency staff remaining. Immuki Island was isolated as a result of suspended sailing. Beaches in San Juan were closed to visitors, as well as Tangadan Falls in San Gabriel.[28]

On July 21, the government of Iloilo City began a preemptive evacuation. Documentation began to prepare funding of ₱10,000 (US$171) to occupants of destroyed dwellings and ₱7,000 (US$120) to those of partially destroyed dwellings.[29] In the Cordillera Administrative Region, ₱73.6 million (US$1.2 million) worth of family food packages, totaling 25,357, were propositioned at multiple warehouses. In addition, approximately ₱52.7 million (US$899,000) worth of non-food supplies were gathered at these warehouses.[30] The PDRRMO office in Pangasinan issued a red emergency alert, allocating 64,564 packages of supplies, as well as a standby fund of ₱86.75 million (US$1.48 million).[31] The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) prepared their stock fund of ₱2.5 billion (US$42.8 million) for assistance during the typhoon. A total of 129,735 family food packages were positioned at warehouses and resource centers in Pasay City, 93,516 packages were positioned in Mandaue City, and 442,125 packages were made available at DSWD Offices No. 3, 5, and 6. The Philippine Air Force readied three Tactical Operations Group for response to the typhoon, including water rescue crews and helicopters for search and rescue and to serve as air ambulances. Rapid response teams trained for recovery efforts and damage assessments were also readied in Clark, Davao City, Laoag, Mactan, and the Zamboanga Peninsula.[32]

Taiwan

Taiwanese President Lai Ching-te conferencing on preparations for the typhoon at the Central Disaster Response Center.

The Central Weather Administration issued numerous typhoon and torrential rain warnings in anticipation of Gaemi. Ferry services were suspended,[33] and the annual Han Kuang military exercises were cancelled. Domestic flights from the airlines Mandarin Airlines and Daily Air were also cancelled, alongside 201 international flights.[34][35] Cancelled sea and air travel stranded around 10,000 visitors in Penghu.[36] The Taiwan Stock Exchange ceased operations in preparation for the typhoon. The Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, a major computer chip manufacturer for brands such as Apple Inc. and Nvidia planed to continue normal operations amidst the storm, however, an emergency response team was placed on standby.[37] The government of Taiwan placed 29,000 military personnel on standby for recovery efforts. Over 2,000 residents of mountainous areas on the island were evacuated.[35] Evacuations also took place in Heping District, Taichung; 385 residents were evacuated from nine flood-prone districts of Tainan.[36] Overall, a total of 8,569 people had evacuated to shelters prior to the typhoon's impact.[38]

The Highway Bureau closed the Central Cross-Island Highway between Guanyuan and Taroko and the Suhua Highway between Chongde and Suao.[39] The Forestry and Nature Conservation Agency closed ten recreational areas due to safety concerns. Yushan National Park banned hiking activities and forced 45 hiking groups to descend from mountains in the park. The Yilan International Children's Folklore and Folkgame Festival and Dongshih Summer Festival were halted due to the typhoon.[40] The Wenhu Line of the Taipei Metro, connecting Neihu District and Wenshan District, shut down on the afternoon of July 24. All other metro lines remained in operation.[41] Schools and government offices were closed nationwide on July 25.[42]

Japan

The Japan Meteorological Agency said that rainfall on 25 July could reach 8 in (200 mm) in the Yaeyama Islands, 5.9 in (150 mm) on Okinawa Island and nearby areas, and 4 in (100 mm) in Miyako-jima within a 24-hour period.[43] Authorities in Okinawa Prefecture warned residents of the Sakishima Islands to remain indoors and for boats to not leave port.[44] Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways cancelled 100 flights in and out of Ishigaki, Miyako-jima, and Naha.[45]

Impact and aftermath

Philippines

Combined with moisture from the southwest monsoon, the influence of Gaemi produced heavy rainfall across parts of the Philippines. Heavy rainfall occurred in Albay, Aklan, Antique, Bataan, Batangas, Cavite, Capiz, Oriental Mindoro, Rizal, and Zambales. Residents of Romblon received flood warnings and a yellow warning for heavy rainfall. Two thoroughfares in the Zamboanga Peninsula and Cordillera Administrative Region, respectively, were blocked due to rockfalls, with access only possible to small vehicles.[46] The Angat Dam saw water level increases of up to 3.8 m (12 ft) amidst rainfall from Gaemi.[5] Downstream, the reservoir of La Mesa Dam in Quezon City also rose up causing water to overflow.[47] On July 24, the third and highest alarm was raised on the Marikina River after it rose to 18.4 m (60 ft), Heavy rainfall also saw it rose to maximum 20.7 m (67 ft). Residents in the flooded area were forced to evacuate due to the current weather situation.[48] Strong water currents along the river have also caused several barges to collide into the F. Manalo Bridge in Pasig.[49] In Taguig, floodwaters reached waist-level.[50] Houses in coastal villages of Orani, Bataan were inundated by floodwaters. Fishermen avoided the area due to hazardous waves and heavy rains. Homes were also inundated by floodwaters in Samal, where rice and other crops received partial losses due to the flooding. Soil erosion occurred in Baguio, damaging a riprap. Strong winds impacted Olongapo, toppling electrical poles.[27] A downed tree also blocked traffic in Quezon City.[51] Several areas in North Luzon Expressway are not passable due to the torrential rain brought by the two weather conditions.[52] Severe weather conditions forced vessels to remain in ports, stranding 70 people in Southern Tagalog and Bicol Region, combined. An additional 48 passengers were stranded in Pasacao, Camarines Sur.[5]

At least 13 fatalities[53] and one missing person were reported in the Philippines, along with two injuries as a result of Gaemi, combined with the effects of the southwest monsoon and nearby Severe Tropical Storm Prapiroon.[2][4] Across the Caraga, Mimaropa, Western Visayas, and Zamboanga Peninsula regions, Gaemi resulted in agricultural losses totaling ₱79 million (US$1.35 million).[3] A total of 224 families were affected by the storm across Bataan, Camarines Sur, Iloilo City, Masbate, and Pampanga.[51] A state of calamity was declared in Metro Manila due to the widespread floods that occurred in various areas of the region.[54] Gaemi's impact on Luzon led to comparisons to 2009's Typhoon Ketsana, which was known locally as Tropical Storm Ondoy.[55][56][57]

The oil tanker MT Terra Nova, carrying around 1.5 million liters of industrial fuel, capsized and sank in 34m depth of water[58] in Manila Bay, causing an oil spill with a length of four kilometers.[59]

Taiwan

Gaemi killed three people in Taiwan as it approached the island; a woman in Kaoshiung was killed by a falling tree and another person died when an excavator fell in Sanxia District, New Taipei.[60] Additionally, a woman was killed and her son was critically injured after a wall collapsed and struck their car in Hualien City.[61] Across the island, 201 people were injured.[60] About 262,000 were left without power.[36] While docked in southern Taiwan, the freighter Fu Shun capsized.[59]

Japan

In Japan, the island of Yonaguni recorded wind speeds of up to 180 km/h (110 mph) on 24 July.[43]

Elsewhere

In Indonesia, the Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency warned of heavy rainfall in North Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, North Maluku, and Maluku, due to the influence of Gaemi. Large waves of up to 2.5 m (8.2 ft) in height affected the Molucca Sea, North Natuna Sea, Natuna Sea, and the areas between the Sitaro Islands and Bitung, and between the Sangihe Islands and Talaud Islands.[1]

See also

References

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